This is a '''list of [[vacuum tube]]s''' or ''thermionic valves'', and low-pressure [[gas-filled tube]]s, or ''discharge tubes''. Before the advent of [[semiconductor]] devices, thousands of tube types were used in consumer electronics – most of them to [[Valve amplifier|amplify]] [[Audio frequency|AF]], [[Intermediate frequency|IF]] and [[Radio frequency|RF]] signals in [[Analog television|TV]] sets and [[Amplitude modulation|AM]]/[[Frequency modulation|FM]] radios; some are still in production today for [[valve audio amplifier]]s – but many industrial, military or otherwise professional tubes were also produced, many of these highly specialized; only a few types of those are still used today, mainly in [[Valve RF amplifier|high-power RF]]/[[microwave]] ([[Very low frequency|VLF]], [[Low frequency|LF]]/[[Longwave|LW]], [[Medium frequency|MF]]/[[Medium wave|MW]], [[High frequency|HF]]/[[Shortwave radio|SW]], [[Very high frequency|VHF]], [[Ultra high frequency|UHF]], [[Super high frequency|SHF]], [[Extremely high frequency|EHF]], [[Tremendously high frequency|THF]]) applications. ==Heater or filament ratings== {{main article|Hot cathode}} Vacuum tubes fall into three mainly non-interchangeable categories regarding their heater or filament voltage/current,{{cite web |url=http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/VR199607.pdf |author=Lankshear, Peter |publisher=[[Electronics (magazine)|Electronics]] Australia |date=July 1996 |title=''Valve filament/heater voltages'' |access-date=1 May 2017}} though some tubes' heaters run at both a standardized voltage and current, e.g., 6.3 V at 300 mA or 13 V at 200 mA, making them suitable for either [[Series and parallel circuits|series or parallel]] operation. # Battery types, ubiquitous before the 1930s but since then only for mobile/portable equipment with a low-power filament operated usually from 1 to 2 V; all filaments in a design are rated at the same voltage and are connected in parallel. Early sets had the heaters connected to the battery via a [[Rheostat|variable filament resistor (rheostat)]], later via an automatic [[Electrical ballast#Self-variable resistors|ballast tube]], to compensate for the decreasing battery voltage.
Battery types are usually directly heated to save heating power (therefore requiring a [[Direct current|DC]] current), except if the (due to the voltage [[gradient]] along the filament) poorly defined cathode potential impedes the function of the device, as is the case e.g. with AM [[Detector (radio)|detector]] diodes with filament voltages of 1.9 V or more; in such cases, indirect heaters were employed and marketed as ''[[equipotential]]'' or ''unipotential cathode'' at the time. #* 1.25 V for one [[Nickel–cadmium battery|NiCd cell]] ([[#1.25 volt DC filament subminiature tubes|{{color|Green|examples}}]]) #* 1.4 V for one [[Leclanché cell]], later for one [[dry cell]] ([[#1.4 volt DC filament/heater tubes|{{color|Green|examples}}]]) #* 1.7 to 1.9 V for one [[Lead–acid battery|lead-acid cell]] with a variable filament resistor ({{lang-de|[[Wiktionary:heizen|Heiz]][[Wiktionary:regeln|regler]]}} – [[#M - 1.9 V heater|{{color|Green|examples}}]]) #* 2 V for one lead-acid cell{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/other/Mullard/Mullard_MVG_1935.pdf |title=Master Valve Guide |year=1935 |publisher=[[Mullard]] |access-date=12 February 2016}}{{rp|12ff}} {{cite web |url=http://www.tubebooks.org/tubedata/Philips_Miniwatt_Vacuum-Tube_Catalog_1938.pdf |title=Philips Miniwatt 1938 |access-date=31 January 2016}}{{rp|8}} {{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/other/Tungsram/Tungsram.pdf |title=Lampes Eurpéennes - Lampes Américaines |language=fr |publisher=[[Tungsram]] |access-date=1 May 2017}}{{rp|5}} ([[#2 volt DC filament tubes|{{color|Green|examples}}]]) #* 4 V for two lead-acid cells, a 1910s UK standard which e.g. the [[Fleming valve]]s, the [[#O1915|{{color|Green|British '''R''', and the French '''TM''' tubes}}]] ran on. Major manufacturers kept a directly heated 4VDC product line throughout the 1930s{{rp|14}} {{rp|9}} {{rp|8f.}} ([[#With a 4 Volts heater|{{color|Green|examples}}]]) #* 5 V originally for a three-cell lead-acid battery with a rheostat ([[#With a 5 Volts DC filament|{{color|Green|examples}}]]); later became a standard for indirectly AC-heated full-wave rectifiers ([[#5 volt heater/filament tubes|{{color|Green|examples}}]]) #* 6.3 V, indirectly heated, for four dry cells or for three lead-acid cells for use in 6-Volts [[Vehicle audio|car radios]][http://www.r-type.org/addtext/add014.htm 6.3 Volt Valves] on r-type.org ([[#6 volt heater tubes|{{color|Green|examples}}]]) #* 12.6 V, indirectly heated, for six lead-acid cells for 12-Volts car radios ([[#12 volt heater tubes|{{color|Green|examples}}]]) # Types for [[Alternating current|AC]]-only equipment with a mains [[transformer]]; all tube heaters are rated at the same voltage and fed in parallel from a transformer secondary winding; In the US, a 2.5 V[[Root mean square|RMS]] standard was conceived in 1929; elsewhere, nominal heater voltages from 1920's lead-acid/"[[battery eliminator]]" era (multiples of 2 or 2.1V) were kept, 4VRMS in the UK, but eventually the 6.3V and 12.6V car radio standards prevailed everywhere. Most are indirectly heated. #* However, most [[Valve RF amplifier|RF power tubes]] are directly heated, so for the abovementioned reason, the heater voltage must be much smaller than the signal voltage on the grid and is therefore in the 1.1 to 25 V range, drawing up to hundreds of Amperes from a suitable heater transformer; some high-power RF tubes (such as RCA 893, 898 and Philips TAW12/35G, TBL15/125) have a [[Three-phase electric power|3-phase]] heater to reduce [[Mains hum|hum]]. # Types for equipment designed to run on either AC or DC mains power ([[AC/DC receiver design#Series tube heaters|ac/dc]]) with no mains transformer; they are always indirectly heated and all heaters are connected in series across the mains power supply, possibly with an additional [[Iron–hydrogen resistor|barretter]] or power resistor chosen so that the sum of the heater and ballast voltages equals the mains voltage. All tubes must be rated at the same heater current such as [[#V - 50 mA heater|{{color|Green|50}}]], [[#100 mA series heater tubes|{{color|Green|100}}]], [[#150 mA series heater tubes|{{color|Green|150}}]], [[#C - 200 mA heater|{{color|Green|200}}]], [[#300 mA series heater tubes|{{color|Green|300}}]], [[#450 mA series heater tubes|{{color|Green|450}}]] or [[#600 mA series heater tubes|{{color|Green|600}}]] mA, depending on mains voltage and device tube count, and have a comparable warm-up time. #* A notable precursor was 1920's European {{Visible anchor|180mADC}} standard used in municipalities with a then-still commonplace DC mains system, which ruled out not only mains transformers, but also polarized [[Electrolytic capacitor|(electrolytic) capacitors]], as the sets had to tolerate accidental reverse-polarity feeding, making it notoriously difficult to filter out [[dynamo]] or [[Rectifier#Rectifier output smoothing|rectifier]] howl.{{cite web |url=https://www.radiomuseum.org/forumdata/users/133/ETZ_12_1938_NF_RF_Stoerungen_Gleichrichterspeisung.pdf |title=Zur Frage niederfrequenter Rundfunkstörungen bei Gleichrichterspeisung ("On the question of audio frequency interference from a rectifier-based DC mains") |first=Rudolf |last=Moebes |language=de |date=24 March 1938 |publisher=[[:de:Elektrotechnischer Verein|Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift]] |access-date=1 May 2017}} Compatible product lines include the [[#Mullard designations before 1934|{{color|Green|Mullard x20 series}}]],{{rp|19}} the [[#Mullard–Philips system|{{color|Green|Mullard–Philips}}]] [[#B - 180 mA heater|{{color|Green|B-series}}]], the [[#Philips system before 1934|{{color|Green|Philips B20xx series}}]],{{rp|7}} the Telefunken REN(S)18xx series,Data sheets of [http://www.4tubes.com/1-DATASHEETS/SCANS-Original/R/REN1814_TFK-Nr1_Datasheet.pdf REN1814], [http://www.4tubes.com/1-DATASHEETS/SCANS-Original/R/RENS1820_TFK-Nr1_Datasheet.pdf RENS1820], [http://www.4tubes.com/1-DATASHEETS/SCANS-Original/R/REN1822_TFK_Datasheet.pdf REN1822], [http://www.4tubes.com/1-DATASHEETS/SCANS-Original/R/RENS1884_TFK-Nr1_Datasheet.pdf RENS1884] • Rectifierless [[Tuned radio frequency receiver|TRF]] receiver circuit examples: [https://www.radiomuseum.org/forumdata/users/3741/Seibt_331gi_schema_4_600.png ''331gi''], [https://nvhrbiblio.nl/schema/Lorenz_K33G.pdf ''K33G''] = [https://www.radiomuseum.org/forumdata/upload/tefag_k133g_schaltplan.png K133G], [https://nvhrbiblio.nl/schema/Volksontvanger_VE301G.pdf VE301G] some [[#With an AC/DC series heater|{{color|Green|Loewe WG3x "integrated circuit" tubes}}]], the [[#Tungsram receiving tubes system before 1934|{{color|Green|Tungsram x18 series}}]],{{rp|10}} and the [[#Valvo system before 1934|{{color|Green|Valvo x18 series}}]]. Most of these tubes had 20- or 21-Volts heaters; suitable barretters were available.[http://lampes-et-tubes.info/rl/rl031.php OSRAM 80-240V 0,18A vst dUZ] on lampes-et-tubes; Philips [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/030/3/329.pdf 1927, 1928] The currents drawn by parallel-connected types, and the voltages across series-connected types, vary widely according to the tube's heating power requirements. Otherwise identical tubes were manufactured in several variants with different heater characteristics,{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/other/docs/Tomer_1960_Getting_the_Most_Out_of_Vacuum_Tubes.pdf |last=Tomer |first=Robert B. |publisher=Howard W. Sams Co., Indianapolis |year=1960 |title=Getting the Most out of Vacuum Tubes |lccn=60-13843 |access-date=10 Oct 2013}} - Chapter 6 discusses heater voltages as one of the many factors leading to proliferation of tube types. but usually the same heater power, e.g. 6.3 V/300 mA and 12.6 V/150 mA; some tubes feature a center-tapped filament/heater, allowing for two voltage/current options by series or parallel wiring of their two heater sections. See, for example, the [[#RCARC|{{color|Green|RCA Receiving Tube Manuals}}]]. In ''half-indirectly'' heated tubes the cathode and one side of the filament share the same pin. ==Tube bases and envelopes== Drawings [[#Drawings|{{color|Green|below}}]]; relevant standards include: *[[List of International Electrotechnical Commission standards|IEC 60067]]: "Dimensions of electronic tubes and valves" (1966; also published as BS 448-1:1981){{cite web |url=https://infostore.saiglobal.com/preview/iec/iec60000/60000/iec60067b%7Bed2.0%7Db.img.pdf |title=INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC 60067B - Second supplement to Publication 60067 (1966) |publisher=[[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]] |edition=2 |date=April 1969 |access-date=16 August 2020}} *[[Joint Electron Device Engineering Council|JEDEC]] *[[#PhilipsBases|{{color|Green|Philips}}]] ===Bases=== {{main article|Tube socket}} File:Base europ 3pin.jpg|H3A Continental European 3-pin File:Roehre-Europasockel.jpg|A4A Continental European 4-pin File:Base europ 5pin.jpg|O5A Continental European 5-pin File:6pin.JPG|B6H "Hexode" Continental European 6-pin File:7pineu.JPG|C7H Continental European 7-pin File:7pinGB.JPG|M7A British 7-pin File:9pinGB.JPG|B9H British 9-pin File:4pinusa.JPG|U4A/UX4 American 4-pin File:Base amer 6pin.jpg|U6A/UX6 American 6-pin File:Roehre-Aussenkontaktsockel8.jpg|P8A Transcontinental side-contact 8-pin File:Roehre-Aussenkontaktsockel5.jpg|V5A Transcontinental side-contact 5-pin File:Roehre-Stahlsockel.jpg|Y8A German ''steel tube'' 8-pin, {{H:title|also known as|aka}} "German Metal Octal" File:Roehre-Oktalsockel.jpg|K8A [International] Octal ("IO"; IEC 67-I-5a) 8-pin File:Roehre-Loktalsockel.jpg|B8G Loctal (IEC 67-I-9a) 8-pin File:Base loctal 9pin.jpg|B9G Loctal/''Enneal'' (IEC 67-I-6a) 9-pin File:Roehre-Rimlocksockel-g.jpg|B8A Rimlock (IEC 67-I-11a) 8-pin File:Roehre-Magnovalsockel.jpg|B9D Magnoval (IEC 67-I-36a, JEDEC E9-23 - not B9E Novar) 9-pin File:Roehre-Novalsockel.jpg|B9A Noval (T6½ env., IEC 67-I-12a, JEDEC E9-1)/Neonoval (T9 env., JEDEC E9-68) 9-pin File:Roehre-Miniatursockel.jpg|B7G Miniature 7-pin ("Small-button" or "Heptal"; IEC 67-I-10a, JEDEC E7-1) File:Base septar.jpg|B7A Septar (IEC 67-I-20a, JEDEC E7-2) 7-pin File:Decal base.JPG|B10B Decal (IEC 67-I-41a, JEDEC E10-61) 10-pin File:Base duodecal.jpg|B12A Duodecal (IEC 67-I-17a) 12-pin File:Duodekar.JPG|B12C Duodecar (IEC 67-I-34a for T9 env. resp. 67-I-35a for T12 env., JEDEC E12-70 resp. E12-74 – [[Compactron]]) 12-pin File:Base jumbo 4pin.jpg|U4J Jumbo (IEC 67-I-23, JEDEC A4-29) 4-pin File:Base super jumbo 4 pin.jpg|B4D Superjumbo (IEC 67-I-28a, JEDEC A4-81) 4-pin {{Commons category-inline|Vacuum tube bases}} ===Envelopes=== File:SY4307ASide.jpg|'''ST''' – Shouldered tube, this one with a [[top cap]] File:Fender vacuum tube.jpg|'''GT''' – Glass tubular File:EL84-6P14P.jpg|All-glass miniature tube (mostly Heptal, Noval, Duodecar base) File:PhilipsECG5639.png|Subminiature all-glass pigtailed (fly-leads in place of pins), low-frequency ''Pencil tubes'' File:6К1Ж.JPG|''[[Acorn tube]]'' File:6DS4NuvistorVacuumTube.jpg|''[[Nuvistor]]'' File:Roehre-EBF11.jpg|''Steel tube''([[:de:Stahlröhre|de]]) ==Numbering systems== ===North American systems=== ====RMA system (1942)==== {{main article|RMA tube designation}} The system assigned numbers with the base form "1A21", and is therefore also referred to as the "1A21 system".[[#Designation systems|{{color|Green|See "Designation systems"}}]] First digit Filament/heater power rating: *'''1''' – No filament/heater; [[cold cathode]] or [[Solid-state electronics|solid state]] device *'''2''' – Up to 10 W *'''3''' – 10...20 W *'''4''' – 20...50 W *'''5''' – 50...100 W *'''6''' – 100...200 W *'''7''' – 200...500 W *'''8''' – 500W...1 kW *'''9''' – More than 1 kW Next character: Function: *'''A''' – Single element ([[Electrical ballast#Self-variable resistors|ballast tube]]/[[Iron–hydrogen resistor|barretter]]) *'''B''' – Two-element device such as: :*[[Diode]] :*[[Duplexer|TR (Transmit/receive) cell]], a cold-cathode water vapor discharge tube for use in [[radar]] systems, short-circuits the receiver input to protect it while the transmitter operates :*ATR (Anti-transmit/receive) cell, a cold-cathode water vapor discharge tube for use in radar systems, decouples the transmitter from the antenna while not operating, to prevent it from wasting received energy :*[[Spark gap]] *'''C''' – [[Triode]] *'''D''' – [[Tetrode]] *'''E''' – [[Pentode]] or [[Beam tetrode|beam power tetrode]] *'''F''' – [[Hexode]] *'''G''' – Heptode *'''H''' – Octode *'''J''' – Magnetically controlled types, usually incorporating a resonator (essentially, [[magnetron]]s) *'''K''' – Electrostatically controlled types, including a resonator ([[klystron]]s and [[inductive output tube]]s) *'''L''' – [[Vacuum capacitor]]s *'''N''' – [[Crystal detector#The first modern diodes|Crystal rectifier]]s (This designation lived on as the "N" in the [[EIA standards|EIA]]/[[JEDEC]] ''EIA-370'' solid state device numbers standard, like [[2N2222]]) *'''P''' – Photosensitive types ([[phototube]]s, [[Photomultiplier tube|photomultipliers]], [[video camera tube|camera tubes]], [[Night-vision device|image converters]]) *'''Q''' – Resonant vacuum cavities *'''R''' – [[Ignitron]]s and [[Mercury-arc valve|mercury arc rectifier]]s *'''S''' – Vacuum switches *'''T''' – [[Storage tube|Storage]], radial beam, and [[Beam deflection tube|deflection control]] tubes (no known examples assigned) *'''V''' – [[Flashtube]]s *'''W''' – [[Traveling-wave tube]] *'''X''' – [[X-ray tube]] *'''Y''' – [[Thermionic converter]] The last 2 digits were sequentially assigned, beginning with 21 to avoid possible confusion with receiving tubes or [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] [[phosphor]] designations. Multiple section tubes (like the 3E29 or 8D21) are assigned a letter corresponding to ONE set of electrodes. '''Examples:''' *'''1B23''' – 20 kW, 400 to 1500 MHz [[Gas-filled tube|Gas-filled]], [[Cold cathode|cold-cathode]] Transmit/Receive Tube (TR cell) *'''1B41''' – Gas-filled, cold-cathode 9.5 kV, 450 A spark gap *'''1B45''' – Gas-filled, cold-cathode 14 kV, 450 A spark gap *'''1B49''' – Gas-filled, cold-cathode 12 kV, 450 A spark gap *'''1C21''' – Gas-filled, 25 mAavg, 100 mApeak, triode [[thyratron]] *'''1D21''' – ''Strobotron'' Gas-filled, 50 mAavg, 5 Apeak, luminiscent tetrode thyratron for use as a [[Strobe light|stroboscope lamp]] *'''1N23''' – [[Silicon]] point contact diode used in early radar mixers *'''1N34''' – [[Germanium]] point contact diode, still in production{{cite web |url=https://www.microsemi.com/document-portal/doc_download/9990-msc0955-datasheet |title=''Gold Bonded 1N34A Germanium Diodes'' data sheet |publisher=[[Microsemi|Microsemi Corporation]] |format=PDF |access-date=17 May 2013}} *'''1P21''' – 9-stage [[Photomultiplier tube|Photomultiplier]], spectral '''S4''' response, 11-pin base *'''1P25''' – Infrared [[Image intensifier|image converter]] used in World War II [[night vision]] "sniperscopes" *'''1P29''' – Gas-filled [[phototube]], spectral '''S3''' response, 4-pin base *'''1P39''' – Vacuum Phototube, spectral '''S4''' response, 4-pin base *'''1S22''' – 10 kV, 20 A Vacuum SPDT [[switch]] *'''2C21''' – Dual transmitting triode, indirectly heated, 7-pin base plus a single top cap for one of the grids *'''2C22''' – Transmitting triode, indirectly heated, Octal base plus dual top cap for grid and anode *'''2C36''' – ''Rocket''-type disk-seal UHF triode with an internal feedback circuit between cathode and anode, for use as UHF oscillator up to 1.75 GHz *'''2C37''' – ''Rocket'' triode for use as SHF oscillator up to 3.3 GHz *'''2C39A''' – ''Oil can''-type disk-seal UHF power triode with glass spacers up to 3 GHz, Panode = 100 W :*'''2C39B''' – 2C39A with ceramic spacers *'''2C40''' – [[Triode#Lighthouse tubes|''Lighthouse''-type]] disk-seal UHF power triode for continuous operation, Panode = 6.5 W at 3370 MHz *'''2C41''' – ''Oil can'' UHF power triode for pulsed operation, 2200 Wpeak at 3 GHz *'''2C42''' – ''Lighthouse'' UHF power triode for pulsed operation, 1750 Wpeak at 1050 MHz; improved 446 *'''2C43''' – ''Lighthouse'' UHF power triode, indirectly heated, up to 3.37 GHz, 6-pin base *'''2C46''' – ''Lighthouse'' UHF power triode *'''2C51''' – Dual shielded triode, indirectly heated, Noval base *'''{{Visible anchor|2D21}}/[[#EN91|{{color|Green|EN91}}]]''' ('''PL21''', '''PL2D21''', '''CV797''') – 100 mAavg, 500 mApeak, 10 Asurge, Gas-filled, indirectly heated tetrode thyratron, negative starter voltage, Miniature 7-pin base, for relay and grid-controlled rectifier service, used in [[jukebox]]es and computer equipment *'''2E22''' – 53 W Power pentode, 5-pin base with anode on top cap *'''2E26''' – Popular amateur 5.3 W VHF [[Beam tetrode|beam power tetrode]] up to 175 MHz, Octal base *'''{{Visible anchor|2E30}}''' – 10 W Directly heated beam power tetrode with deflection screens available on separate pin, Miniature 7-pin base *'''2E31''' – Subminiature, directly heated, fully shielded [[Cut-off (electronics)|sharp-cutoff]] RF/IF pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails *'''2E32''' – Similar to '''2E31''', all-glass elliptical cross-section body and flat 5-pin base with short pigtails *'''2E35''' – 6 mW Subminiature directly heated power pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails *'''2E36''' – Similar to '''2E35''', all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, short pigtails *'''2E41''' – Diode, pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails *'''2E42''' – Similar to '''2E41''', all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, short pigtails *'''2F21''' – Indirectly heated hexode [[monoscope]], [[Indian-head test pattern|''Indian Head'' test pattern]], 6-pin base with dual top caps for grid4 and anode *'''2G21''' – Directly heated triode/heptode mixer, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 7-pin base, short pigtails *'''2G41''' – Triode/heptode mixer, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails *'''2G42''' – Similar to type '''2G41''', all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, short pigtails *'''2H21''' – ''Phasitron'', a magnetically controlled [[Beam deflection tube|beam deflection]] phase modulator tube{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sp/GL-2H21.pdf |publisher=[[General Electric]] |date=September 1945 |title=''GL-2H21 Phasitron'' data sheet |access-date=25 December 2016}} ([http://www.w9gr.com/2h21.html as JPGs]) • [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sp/2H21.pdf RMA Release #486, 25 April 1946] • on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sp/sp006.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] similar to the 5593, used in early FM broadcast transmitters{{cite web |url=http://www.w9gr.com/adler.pdf |last=Adler |first=Robert |publisher=[[Institute of Radio Engineers]] |date=January 1947 |title=''A New System of Frequency Modulation'' |access-date=25 December 2016}}{{cite web |url=http://www.w9gr.com/ge-fm.pdf |author1=Rider, John. F. |author2=Seymour D. Uslan |publisher=John F. Rider Publisher, Inc. |year=1948 |title=''FM Transmission and Reception'' |pages=130–135 |access-date=25 December 2016}}Dave Hershberger ([[Call signs in the United States|W9GR]]): [http://www.w9gr.com/phasitron.html PHASITRON vacuum tube web page] *'''2J30''' to '''2J34''' – 300 kW [[S band|S-band]] [[Magnetron]]s *'''2J55''' and '''2J56''' – 40 kW [[X band|X-band]] Magnetrons for use as pulsed oscillator{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/mwma/730A.pdf |title=2J48-51, 2J55-56, 4J50, 4J52, 4J78, 725A, 730A short form data |access-date=3 March 2021}} *'''2K25''' – 25 mW 8.5 to 9.66 GHz [[Sutton tube|Reflex Klystron]] *'''2K50''' – 15 mW 23.5 to 24.5 GHz Reflex Klystron *'''2P23''' – Early [[Video camera tube#Image orthicon|''Image Orthicon'' video camera tube]] *'''3B28''' – Xenon half-wave rectifier; ruggedized replacement for mercury-vapor type [[866A|866]] *'''3C22''' – Disk-seal UHF power triode, Panode = 125 W with forced-air cooling, 1.4 GHz *'''3C23''' – 1.5 Aavg, 6 Apeak, Mercury-vapor triode thyratron, 4-pin base with anode top cap *'''3C45''' – 45 mAavg, 1.5 A[[Root mean square|RMS]], 35 Apeak, Half-indirectly heated hydrogen triode thyratron, 4-pin base with anode top cap *'''3D21''' – Indirectly heated beam power tetrode, Octal base with anode top cap *'''3D22''' – Gas-filled, 800 mAavg, 8 Apeak, tetrode thyratron, 7-pin base *'''3E29''' – Dual beam power tetrode used in radar equipment, ''Septar'' 7-pin base with dual anode top cap; a pulse rated variant of the earlier 829B *'''4B32''' – 10 kV, 1.25 Aavg, 5 Apeak Xenon half-wave rectifier *'''4D21''' ('''6155''', [[#Eimac high power RF tubes system|{{color|Green|Eimac}}]] '''4-125A''') – 125 W Glass VHF beam power tetrode *'''4E27''' – 125 W Glass radial-beam power pentode *'''4J31''' to '''4J35''' – 1 MW S-band Magnetrons *'''4J42''' – 40 kW Magnetron, 660 to 730 MHz{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/bstj25-2-167 |title=The Magnetron as a Generator of Centimeter Waves |series=The [[Bell System]] technical journal |date=April 1946 |author1=Fisk, J.B. |author2=Hagstrum, H.D. |author3=Hartman, P.L. |access-date=18 April 2021}}{{rp|287ff}} *'''5B24''' – Full-wave, mercury-vapor ''[[Rectifier#Tungar|Tungar bulb]]'', a low-voltage rectifier for charging 60-cell lead-acid batteries at 6 A; 2.5 V, 24 A heater{{cite web |url=https://www.w9ixx.com/attachments/Tungar_Bulb_Data_Manual_52410.pdf |title=Tungar bulb data manual |publisher=[[General Electric]] |access-date=12 February 2016}} *'''5C22''' – Half-indirectly heated, hydrogen triode thyratron for radar modulators *'''5D22''' ('''6156''', Eimac '''4-250A''') – 250 W, 110 MHz Glass beam power tetrode *'''5J26''' – 500 kW, 1.22 to 1.35 GHz S-band Magnetrons *'''6C21''' – Triode radar modulator for "hard tube" pulsers *'''7C23''' – 120 kW Power triode for high voltage pulse operation *'''8D21''' – Internally water-cooled dual tetrode used in early VHF TV transmitters *'''9C21''' – 100 kW Water-cooled power triode, directly heated, 4-pin base with dual top caps for grid and anode ====RETMA receiving tubes system (1953)==== {{main article|RETMA tube designation}} '''RETMA''' is the acronym for the ''Radio Electronic Television Manufacturers Association'' formed in 1953, originally the ''RMA'', later ''RTMA'', then ''[[Electronic Industries Alliance|EIA]]'' (''Electronic Industries Association'', since 1997 ''Electronic Industries Alliance'') – however the standard itself had already been in use for a long time before 1953; for example, the [[6L6]] was introduced in July 1936. * The first character group is always a number, consisting of one to three numerals, and represents the heater voltage rounded to the nearest whole number; '''0''' indicates a [[Cold cathode#Cold-cathode devices|cold-cathode tube]]. Tubes with a center-tapped filament/heater are designated the higher voltage option. Exceptions include 2.0 Volt filament tubes (such as 1C7-G and 1F4) and series heater tubes where the rounding was less exact (such as the 5.9-Volt 5X9 and the 46-Volt 50Y7GT). * These numerals are followed by one or two letters assigned to the devices in some sort of semi-chronological order of development and introduction to the marketplace. Combinations like AB, AC, AD, AE... were used, avoiding same-letter repetitions, after the single letters were exhausted. Wherever possible, the 12V equivalent of a 6V tube had the same letters, just 12 instead of 6. * and then another single numeral that represents the number of active elements in the tube (including any internal shield plus the heater in indirectly heated tubes – electrodes connected together internally count as one). For example, a 1 means a [[Electrical ballast#Self-variable resistors|ballast tube]]/resistor or a [[Iron–hydrogen resistor|barretter]], a 7 could mean a heptode (''[[pentagrid converter]]'') such as the 12SA7-GT, or a pentode with two diodes such as the 7E7, or with one diode and a shield pin such as the 12SF7, or triode with two diodes and a shield pin such as the 6SR7, or a twin-input triode such as the 6AE7-GT, or a dual triode such as the 6SN7-GT. Exceptions include the 35L6-GT (with 5 elements, but named for consistency with the 6L6/6L6-G where pin 1 may or may not be connected to a shield, making the sixth element). * Sometimes a string of up to three Roman letters can be suffixed to the overall number; these generally distinguish various revisions and improvements to the original model or different envelope shapes; the use is somewhat arbitrary: :*'''A''', '''B''', '''C''' – Improved backward compatible versions :*'''E''' – Export version :*'''G''' – Glass envelope, [[#Envelopes|{{color|Green|ST}}]]-12 to ST-16 size :*'''GT''' – Glass envelope, T-9 size (actually 'Glass Tubular') :*'''GT/G''' – Glass envelope, T-9 size interchangeable with G and GT types :*'''L''' – Loctal :*'''LM''' – Loctal-metal :*'''LT''' – Locking base :*'''M''' – Metal envelope :*'''MG''' – Metal-glass :*'''ML''' – Metal-Loctal :*'''S''' – Metal particles spray-shielded envelope :*'''W''' – Ruggedised, or military grade :*'''WA''', '''WB''' – Improved, backward compatible military/industrial variants :*'''X''' – [[Dielectric loss|Low loss]] ceramic base for RF use :*'''Y''' – Low loss [[mica]]-filled [[Phenol formaldehyde resin|phenolic resin]] ("Micanol")[https://antiquewireless.org/wp-content/uploads/10-the_vacuum_tube.pdf Tube Bases and the Asbestos Hustle] base for RF use * Lastly, manufacturers may decide to combine two type numbers into a single name, which their one device can replace, such as: 6DX8/ECL84 (6DX8 and ECL84 being identical devices under different naming schemes) or 6BC5/6CE5 (sufficiently identical devices within the RETMA naming system) and even 3A3/3B2, or 6AC5-GT/6AC5-G (where the single type number, 6AC5-GT/6AC5-G, supersedes both the 6AC5-G and the 6AC5-GT). Ballast tubes/resistors and barretters were designated the following subset: *'''A1''' to '''Z1''' – No filament tap, no jumper *'''A2''' – Filament tap for two pilot lights *'''B2''' – Filament tap for one pilot light *'''1D2''', '''1E2''' – With a jumper to unpower the device when the ballast is pulled from its socket Often, but not always, vacuum tube designations that differed only in their initial numerals would be identical except for heater characteristics. Exceptions include: the 12BR7 and 9BR7 are unrelated to the 6BR7; the 4BL8/XCF80 is the 4.6 Volt/600 mA series heater version of the 6BL8/ECF80, but the 450mA series heater version is the 6LN8/LCF80 rather than 6BL8. The change of letters was required as the nominal heater voltage for both types is '6' because the 6LN8 is 6.0 volts as opposed to the 6BL8 which is 6.3 volts. For '''examples''' [[#List of American RETMA tubes|{{color|Green|see below}}]] ;[[Cathode-ray tube]]s: *The first number gives the screen diagonal or diameter in inches (instead of the heater voltage) *One or two sequentially-assigned letters *The last number is preceded by a '''P''' and specifies the [[phosphor]] used '''Examples:''' *'''1EP1''' (P1 green, medium-persistence), '''1EP2''' (P2 yellow-green, long-persistence), '''1EP11''' (P11 blue, short-persistence) – 1" (2.5 cm) CRT for use in [[oscilloscope]]s, [[electrostatic deflection]] *'''2AP1''', '''2BP1''' – 2" (5.1 cm) CRT for use in oscilloscopes, electrostatic deflection *'''3ABP1''', '''3ABP2''', '''3ABP7''' (blue/yellow, short/long), '''3ABP11''' – Dual-beam 3" (7.6 cm) CRT for use in oscilloscopes, electrostatic deflections *'''4AP10''' – 4" (10 cm) ''[[Skiatron]]'', a CRT where the conventional light-emitting phosphor layer is replaced with a ''[[scotophor]]'' such as [[potassium chloride]], which has the property that when a crystal is struck by an electron beam, it would change from translucent white to a dark magenta, and when flooded with high-intensity [[infrared]], or by electro-thermal heating, would change back to translucent white. It therefore needs [[backlight]]ing or external illumination like today's [[electronic paper]]{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/201/4/4AP10.pdf |publisher=[[RCA]] |title=''4AP10 Skiatron'' data sheet |date=3 November 1944 |access-date=6 June 2019}}{{cite web |url=https://aobauer.home.xs4all.nl/Blauschrift-Roehre.pdf |title=The Skiatron or Dark Trace Tube and its Applications |publisher=[[Scophony]] Ltd |year=1948 |author=Wikkenhauser, G. |author-link=Gustav Wikkenhauser |access-date=7 June 2019}} *'''4DP1''', '''4DP2''', '''4DP7''', '''4DP11''' – Dual-beam 4" CRT for use in oscilloscopes, electrostatic deflections *'''5BP1''' (1802-P1) – 5" (13 cm) CRT for use in pre-World War II oscilloscopes, electrostatic deflection, P1 green, medium-persistencehttps://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/121/5/5BP1.pdf *'''5BP3''' (1802-P3) – Pre-World War II, 5" CRT, electrostatic deflection, P3 yellow, medium-persistence *'''5BP4''' (1802-P4) – 5" CRT used in pre-World War II television receivers, such as the [[RCA TRK-5]] and in early radars such as the [[SCR-268]] and [[SCR-270]],https://www.crtsite.com/tv-crt.html electrostatic deflection, P4 white, medium-persistence *'''5BP11A''' – 5" CRT, electrostatic deflection, P11 blue, short-persistencehttps://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/041/5/5BP1A.pdf *'''5CEP11''' (blue, short); '''10VP15''', '''5AKP15''', '''5DKP15''', '''5ZP15''' (blue-green, extremely short); '''5BNP16''', '''5CEP16''', '''5DKP16''', '''5ZP16''' (violet/near-ultraviolet, very short); '''5AKP24''', '''5AUP24''', '''5DKP24''', '''5ZP24''' (green, short) – CRT-type [[flying-spot scanner]]s for use in a [[telecine]] *'''6DP1''', '''6DP2''', '''6DP7''', '''6DP11''', '''6DP14''' (purple/orange, medium/long), '''6DP19''' (orange, long), '''6DP25''' (orange, very long) – Triple-beam 6" (15 cm) CRT for use in oscilloscopes, electrostatic deflections *'''7JP1''' – 7" (18 cm) CRT for use in early postwar oscilloscopes, electrostatic deflection, P1 green, medium-persistencehttps://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/137/7/7JP4.pdf *'''[[7JP4]]''' – 7" CRT common in early postwar TV receivers, electrostatic deflection, P4 white, medium-persistence [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:7JP4|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''7JP7''' – 5½" (14 cm usable screen diameter) CRT for use in early postwar [[radar display]]s, electrostatic deflection, P7 blue/yellow, short/long-persistence *'''7NP4''', '''7WP4''' – 7" Theatric [[CRT projector|projection CRTs]], 75 kV anode voltage, considerable [[X-ray tube#Hazards of X-ray production from vacuum tubes|X-radiation]], magnetic deflection, P4 white, medium-persistence, cast a {{cvt|20|×|15|ft|m|1}} image *'''8CP1''', '''8CP2''', '''8CP4''', '''8CP5''' (blue, very short), '''8CP7''', '''8CP11''' – 8" (20 cm) CRT for use in oscilloscopes, electrostatic deflection *'''14BCP22''' – 14" (36 cm) Color CRT, 50° × 70° magnetic deflection, P22 [[RGB color model|RGB]], medium-persistence *'''30BP4''' – 30" (76 cm) CRT used in 1950s premium television receivers, 90° magnetic deflection, P4 white, medium-persistence ====EIA professional tubes system==== A four-digit system was maintained by the [[Electronic Industries Alliance|EIA]] for special industrial, military and professional vacuum and gas-filled tubes, and all sorts of other devices requiring to be sealed off against the external atmosphere. Some manufacturers preceded the [[EIA standards|EIA]] number with a manufacturer's code: *'''CK''', '''RK''' – [[Raytheon Technologies|Raytheon Company]] [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:Raytheon vacuum tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:Raytheon gas discharge tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''ECG''' – [[Philips]]/[[Sylvania Electric Products|Sylvania]] [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:Sylvania vacuum tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:Sylvania gas discharge tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''F''' – [[ITT Corporation|ITT]]/[[Federal Telegraph Company|Federal Telephone and Radio]] *'''GL''' – [[General Electric]] Corp. (''not'' British [[General Electric Company]]) [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:General Electric vacuum tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:General Electric gas discharge tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''ML''' – [[Machlett Laboratories]], Inc. [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:Machlett Laboratories vacuum tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''NL''' – [[Eimac]]/National Electronics, Inc. (Geneva, Illinois, USA) *'''NU''' – National Union Electric Corp. (Orange, New Jersey, USA) [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:National Union Radio Corporation|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''PL''' – Philips N.V. [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:Philips vacuum tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:Philips gas discharge tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''SV''' – Svetlana: [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:Svetlana vacuum tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] :*formerly only ПАО «Светлана» ([[Open joint-stock company|PJSC]] "[[Svetlana (company)|Svetlana]]"), St. Petersburg, Russia :*now also a brand of ''[[Sovtek|New Sensor]] Corp.'', Long Island City, New York, USA, manufacturing in Сара́тов (Saratov), Russia *'''SY''' – [[Standard Telephones and Cables]] Australia branch, Sydney plant (''not'' Sylvania Inc.) *'''WL''' – [[Westinghouse Electric (1886)|Westinghouse Electric]] Corp. [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:Westinghouse vacuum tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:Westinghouse gas discharge tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] For '''examples''' [[#List of EIA professional tubes|{{color|Green|see below}}]] ====Eimac high power RF tubes system==== [[Eimac|Eitel/McCullough]] and other manufacturers of high-power RF tubes use the following code since 1945:{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/other/Eimac/Eimac_1975_Quick-Ref.pdf |title=Eimac power grid tubes - Quick Reference Catalog 175 (31MB) |publisher=[[Eimac|Eitel McCullough]] |year=1975 |access-date=1 May 2017}} *An initial digit denoting the number of electrodes, or [[Microwave cavity|cavitiy resonators]]: :*'''1K''' – [[Sutton tube|Reflex Klystron]] :*'''2''' – Diode :*'''2K''' – 2-cavity [[Klystron]] :*'''3''' – Triode :*'''3K''' – 3-cavity Klystron :*'''4''' – Tetrode :*'''4K''' – 4-cavity Klystron :*'''5''' – Pentode :*'''5K''' – 5-cavity Klystron :*'''6K''' – 6-cavity Klystron :*'''7K''' – 7-cavity Klystron *Up to 2 letters denoting the construction type and the cooling method: :*'''R''' or a hyphen ("'''-'''") – Glass envelope, radiation cooling :*'''C''' – Ceramic/metal envelope :*'''P''' – Primarily for pulse applications :*'''L''' – External anode, liquid convection cooling :*'''M''' – ''Multiphase''-cooled (water/vapor), or has a modulating anode (Klystrons only) :*'''N''' – External anode, natural convection air cooling :*'''S''' – External anode, conduction cooling :*'''V''' – Vapor-cooled (anode is immersed in boiling water, and the steam is collected, condensed and recycled) :*'''W''' – Water-cooled (water is pumped through an outer metal jacket thermically connected to the anode) :*'''X''' – Forced-air cooled (air is blown through cooling fins thermally connected to the anode) *A number to indicate the maximum anode dissipation in watts. This can be exceeded for a short time, as long as the average is not exceeded over the anode's thermal time constant (typically 0.1 sec). In [[Power amplifier classes#Class C|Class-C applications]], the amplifier output power delivered to the load may be higher than the device dissipation. As of 1 May 1961, Klystron maximum collector dissipation is given in kilowatts for brevity *One or more manufacturer-proprietary letters denoting the construction variant: :—Klystrons only: :*'''P''' – [[Airband#Other bands|225 to 390 MHz]] :*'''L''' – 390 to 1550 MHz ::*'''LA''' – [[Band IV|UHF low]] (analog TV broadcast <600 MHz) ::*'''LF''', '''LK''', '''LQ''', '''LR''' – [[Band V|UHF high]] (analog TV broadcast >600 MHz) ::*'''LT''', '''LX''' – [[L band]] :*'''S''' – 1.55 to 3.9 GHz ::*'''SH''', '''SI''', '''SJ''' – [[S band]] :*'''C''' – 3.9 to 6.2 GHz ::*'''CA''', '''CH''' – [[C band (IEEE)|C band]], coaxial output ::*'''CB''', '''CG''', '''CK''', '''CL''', '''CS''' – C band, waveguide output :*'''X''' – 6.2 to 10.9 GHz ::*'''XA''' – [[X band]], coaxial output ::*'''XD''', '''XF''', '''XG''', '''XK''', '''XN''', '''XS''' – X band, waveguide output :*'''K''' – [[K band (IEEE)|10.9 to 36 GHz]] :*'''Q''' – [[Q band|36 to 46 GHz]] :*'''V''' – [[V band|46 to 56 GHz]] *An optional digit denoting the [[Gain (electronics)|gain]] group: :*'''1''' – ≤10 :*'''2''' – 11...20 :*'''3''' – 21...30 :*'''4''' – 31...50 :*'''5''' – 51...100 :*'''6''' – 101...200 :*'''7''' – 201...500 :*'''8''' – 501...1000 *Optionally a slash "/" followed by the [[#RMA system (1942)|{{color|Green|RMA}}]] or [[#EIA professional tubes system|{{color|Green|EIA}}]] equivalent. '''Examples:''' *'''2-50A''' – 30 kV, 75 mA Half-wave rectifier *'''2-2000A''' – 75 kV, 750 mA Half-wave rectifier *'''2X3000F''' – 25 kV, 3 A Forced-air cooled, half-wave rectifier *'''3-200A3''' = '''592''' – 150 MHz, 200 W Glass power triode with anode top cap *'''3-400Z/8163''' – 110 MHz, 400 W Glass power triode with anode top cap *'''3-1000Z/8164''' – 110 MHz, 1 kW Glass power triode with anode top cap *'''3CPN10A5/7815''' (contact-cooled), '''3CPX100A5/7815R''' (forced-air cooled) – 3 GHz, 10 Wavg, 2 kWpeak Ceramic/metal UHF pulse power triode *'''3CW5000A1/8240''', '''3CW5000F1/8241''' (with flexible leads for grid and filament) – 5 kW Ceramic/metal power triode, water-cooled *'''3CW5000A3/8242''' (up to 75 MHz), '''3CW5000F3/8243''' (with flexible leads for grid and filament, up to 30 MHz) – 5 kW Ceramic/metal power triode; water-cooled variants of 3CX2500A3 and 3CX2500F3 *'''3CW50000C/8350''' – 30 MHz, 50 kW Ceramic/metal power triode, water-cooled *'''3CX100A5/7289''' (6.0 V heater), '''3CX100F5/8250''' (26.5 V heater) – 3 GHz, 100 W ''Oil can''-type ceramic/metal disk-seal UHF power triode, forced-air cooled, often used by radio amateurs for [[23-centimeter band|23cm-band]] microwave amplifiers; 2C39A with different heaters *'''3CX1000A7/8283''' – 220 MHz, 1 kW Ceramic/metal power triode *'''3CX1500A7/8877''' – 110 MHz, 1.5 kW Ceramic/metal power triode, forced-air cooled *'''3CX2500A3/8161''', '''3CX2500F3/8251''' – 2.5 kW Ceramic/metal triode; forced-air cooled variants of 3CW5000A3 and 3CW5000F3 *'''3CX3000A1/8238''', '''3CX3000F1/8239''' (with flexible leads for grid and filament) – 3 kW Ceramic/metal AF power triode *'''3CX10000A1/8158''' – 10 kW Ceramic/metal AF power triode *'''3CX10000A3/8159''' – 140 MHz, 10 kW Ceramic/metal power triode for use as self-excited high-power oscillator in [[induction heating]] equipment *'''3CX10000A7/8160''' = Siemens '''RS2015CL''' – 110 MHz, 10 kW Ceramic/metal power triode *'''4-65A/8165''' – 150 MHz, 65 W Glass [[Beam tetrode|beam power tetrode]], 5-pin ''Septar'' base with anode top cap *'''4-125A/6155''' (4D21) – 120 MHz, 125 W Glass beam power tetrode *'''4-250A/6156/5D22''' – 110 MHz, 250 W Glass beam power tetrode *'''4-400A/8438''', '''4-400C/6775''' – 110 MHz, 400 W Glass radial-beam power tetrode *'''[[4-1000A]]/8166''' – 110 MHz, 1 kW Glass beam power tetrode popular in broadcast and amateur transmitters [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:4-1000A|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''4CM300000G''' – 50 MHz, 300 kW Ceramic/metal power tetrode, water/vapor cooled, for use in broadcast transmitters *'''4CPX250K/8590''' – 500 MHz, 250 Wavg, 17.5 kWpeak Ceramic/metal radial-beam grid-pulsed power tetrode *'''4CW2000A/8244''' – 110 MHz, 2 kW Ceramic/metal radial-beam power tetrode; water-cooled variant of 4CX1000A/8168 *'''4CX250B/7203''' = '''QEL2/275''' (6.0 V heater), '''4CX250F/7204''' = '''QEL2/275H''' (26.5 V heater), '''4CX250FG/8621''' (26.5 V heater) – 500 MHz, 250 W Ceramic/metal power tetrode, forced-air cooled, favored by radio amateurs as a final amplifier *'''4CX250BC/8957''' – Long-life, tighter specs version of 4CX250B *'''4CX250K/8245''' (6.0 V heater), '''4CX250M/8246''' (26.5 V heater) – 500 MHz, 250 W Ceramic/metal radial-beam power tetrode *'''4CX300A/8167''' – 500 MHz, 300 W Ceramic/metal power tetrode *'''4CX300Y/8561''' – 110 MHz, 300 W Ceramic/metal power tetrode *'''4CX350A/8321''' = '''YL1340''' (6.0 V heater), '''4CX350F/8322''' = '''YL1341''' (26.5 V heater) – 350 W Ceramic/metal radial-beam AF power tetrode *'''4CX350FJ/8904''' – Improved 4CX350F/8322 *'''4CX600J/8809''', '''4CX600JA/8921''' (larger anode cooler) – 600 W Ceramic/metal radial-beam AF power tetrode *'''4CX1000A/8168''' (110 MHz), '''4CX1000K/8352''' (with a solid screen ring for UHF use) – 1 kW Ceramic/metal radial-beam power tetrode; forced-air cooled variant of 4CW2000A/8244 *'''4CX3000A/8169''' – 150 MHz, 3 kW Ceramic/metal radial-beam power tetrode *'''4CX5000A/8170''' = Siemens '''RS2014CL''', '''4CX5000R/8170W''' (shock/vibration resistant) – 110 MHz, 5 kW Ceramic/metal radial-beam power tetrode *'''4CX5000J/8909''' – 100 MHz, 5 kW Ceramic/metal radial-beam power tetrode *'''4CX10000D/8171''' – 110 MHz, 10 kW Ceramic/metal radial-beam power tetrode; 4CX5000A/8170 with a larger cooler *'''4CX12000A/8989''' – 220 MHz, 12 kW Ceramic/metal radial-beam power tetrode *'''4CX15000A/8281''' – 110 MHz, 15 kW Ceramic/metal radial-beam power tetrode *'''4CX15000J/8910''' – 100 MHz, 15 kW Ceramic/metal radial-beam power tetrode *'''4CX20000A/8990''' – 110 MHz, 20 kW Ceramic/metal radial-beam power tetrode *'''4CX35000A''', '''4CX35000C/8349''' (longer screen/anode insulator for Class-C screen grid or anode modulation) – 110 MHz, 35 kW Ceramic/metal power tetrode, forced-air cooled, used in numerous 50-kW broadcast transmitters, often in a [[Doherty amplifier|Doherty configuration]] as in the [[Continental Electronics]] 317C series *'''5-125B/4E27A''' – 75 MHz, 125 W Glass power pentode *'''5-500A''' – 500 W Glass radial-beam power pentode *'''5CX1500A''' – 110 MHz, 1.5 kW Ceramic/metal radial-beam power pentode, forced-air cooled *'''5CX3000A''' – 150 MHz, 4.0 kW Ceramic/metal radial-beam power pentode, forced-air cooled *'''5K50CB''' – [[Ethylene glycol#Coolant and heat-transfer agent|Ethylene glycol]]-cooled, 4.4 to 5.0 GHz, 10 kW electromagnet-focused linear-beam, 5-cavity Klystron for use in C-band [[Tropospheric scatter|troposcatter systems]] *'''5K70SH''' – Forced-air and water-cooled, [[ISM radio band|2450 MHz]], 30 kW, electromagnet-focused linear-beam, 5-cavity Klystron for use in [[Dielectric heating|industrial heating applications]] *'''5KM300SI''' – Forced-air and water-cooled, 2.1 to 2.4 GHz, 100 kW, electromagnet-focused linear-beam, 5-cavity Klystron for use in ''[[Unified S-band]]'' ground transmitters of [[History of the Deep Space Network|spacecraft communications systems]] *'''6K50000LQ''' – Forced-air and water-cooled, 720 to 980 MHz, 10 kW, permanent magnet-focused linear-beam, 6-cavity Klystron *'''7KP50SV''' – 3.43 to 3.57 GHz, 11 kWavg, 3 MWpeak, 7-cavity pulsed Klystron{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/other/Eimac/Eimac_ShortformCatalogue_1964.pdf |title=Eimac Shortform Catalogue (24MB) |publisher=[[Eimac|Eitel McCullough]] |year=1964 |access-date=7 December 2020}}{{rp|9}} Eimac also maintained an internal prototype numbering system consisting of the letter X followed by 3 or 4 digits, such as "X-2159". {{Commons category-inline|Eimac vacuum tubes}} ===West European systems=== ====Mullard–Philips system==== {{main article|Mullard–Philips tube designation}} This system is very descriptive of what type of device (triode, diode, pentode etc.) it is applied to, as well as the heater/filament type and the base type (Octal, Noval, etc.).{{cite web |url=http://www.tubedata.info/other/TypeDesignationCode1967.pdf |title=Preferred Types of Electron Tubes 1967 |access-date=17 May 2013}} Adhering manufacturers include [[AEG]] (de), [[Amperex Electronic|Amperex]] (us), [[La Compagnie des Lampes#Compagnie des Lampes (1921)|CdL]] (1921, ''[[#FrenchMazda|{{color|Green|French Mazda}}]]'' brand), [[Compagnie Industrielle Française des Tubes Electroniques|CIFTE]] (fr, ''[[#FrenchMazda|{{color|Green|Mazda-Belvu}}]]'' brand), [[Edison and Swan Electric Light Company|EdiSwan]] (uk, ''[[#BritishMazda|{{color|Green|British Mazda}}]]'' brand), [[Radiotechnique|La RadioTechnique Compelec]] (fr, {{H:title|Compagnie des Produits élémentaires pour Industries Modernes|''Coprim''}}, ''Miniwatt-Dario'' and ''RTC'' brands), [[C. Lorenz AG|Lorenz]] (de), MBLE([[:fr:MBLE|fr]], [[:nl:Manufacture Belge de Lampes Electriques|nl]]) (be, ''Adzam'' and ''Ultron'' brands), [[Mullard]] (uk), [[Philips]] (nl, ''Miniwatt'' brand), [[RCA]] (us), RFT([[:de:Rundfunk- und Fernmelde-Technik|de]], [[:sv:RFT|sv]]) (de), [[Siemens]] (de), [[Telefunken]] (de), [[Tesla (Czechoslovak company)|Tesla]] (cz), [[Toshiba]] (ja), [[Tungsram]] (hu), [[Unitra]] (pl, ''Dolam'', ''Polam'' and ''Telam'' brands) and Valvo([[:de:Valvo|de]], [[:it:Valvo|it]]) (de). =====Standard tubes===== This part dates back to the joint valve code key ({{lang-de|[[Wiktionary:Röhre|Röhren]]-[[Wiktionary:Gemeinschaft|Gemeinschaft]]s[[Wiktionary:Schlüssel|schlüssel]]}}) negotiated between Philips and Telefunken in 1933–34.{{cite web |url=https://nvhrbiblio.nl/biblio/boek/Stokes%20-%2070%20Years%20of%20radio%20tubes%20and%20valves.pdf |title=70 Years of Radio Tubes and Valves (21MB) |first=John W. |last=Stokes |publisher=Vestal Press Ltd. |year=1982 |isbn=978-0911572278}}{{rp|228}} Like the North American system the first symbol describes the heater voltage, in this case a Roman letter rather than a number. Further Roman letters, up to three, describe the device followed by one to four numerals assigned in a semi-chronological order of type development within number ranges assigned to different base types.{{cite web |url=http://www.radiomanual.info/schemi/Surplus_Handbooks/Miniwatt_technical_data_7th_Philips_1962.pdf |title=Miniwatt Technical Data |edition=7 |publisher="Miniwatt" Electronics Division of Philips Electrical Industries Pty. Limited, 20 Herbert Street, Artarmon, N,S,W., Australia |year=1962 |access-date=27 June 2020}} If two devices share the same type designation other than the first letter (e.g. ECL82, PCL82, UCL82) they will usually be identical except for heater specifications; however there are exceptions, particularly with output types (for example, both the PL84 and UL84 differ significantly from the EL84 in certain major characteristics, although they have the same pinout and similar power rating). However, device numbers do not reveal any similarity between different type families; e.g. the triode section of an ECL82 is not related to either triode of an ECC82, whereas the triode section of an ECL86 does happen to be similar to those of an ECC83. ''[[Pro Electron]]'' maintained a [[subset]] of the M-P system after their establishment in 1966, with only the first letters '''E''', '''P''' for the heater, only the second letters '''A''', '''B''', '''C''', '''D''', '''E''', '''F''', '''H''', '''K''', '''L''', '''M''', '''Y''', '''Z''' for the type, and issuing only three-digit numbers starting with [[#MP_SQ_3|{{color|Green|'''1''', '''2''', '''3''', '''5''', '''8''', '''9'''}}]] for the base.{{cite web|url=http://material.htlwien10.at/wissensspeicher/Halbleiterkennzeichnungen/European_Type_Designation_Code-Sstem_for_Electronic_Components_PE-D15-2008_Pro-Electron.pdf |publisher=[[Pro Electron|Pro-Electron]], Brussels, Belgium |date=June 2008 |title=European Type Designation Code System for Electronic Components |edition=15 |access-date=25 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131229131903/http://material.htlwien10.at/wissensspeicher/Halbleiterkennzeichnungen/European_Type_Designation_Code-Sstem_for_Electronic_Components_PE-D15-2008_Pro-Electron.pdf |archive-date=29 December 2013 |df= }} '''Note:''' [[#MOMP|{{color|Green|Marconi}}]] preceded the M-P designation with the letter '''M''' (as in MEBC3 for EBC3), [[Tungsram]] with the letter '''T''', Ultron (MBLE)([[:fr:MBLE|fr]], [[:nl:Manufacture Belge de Lampes Electriques|nl]]) with the letter '''U''' and ''[[:File:VateaGyar Bp13 Vaci169.jpg|VATEA Rádiótechnikai és Villamossági Rt.-t.]]'' (VATEA Radio Technology and Electric Co. Ltd., Budapest, Hungary) with the letter '''V''' *First letter: heater/filament type :Heater ratings for series-string, AC/DC tubes are given in milliamperes; heater ratings for parallel-string tubes are given in volts. Tubes with a center-tapped filament/heater are designated the lower voltage option :*'''A''' – 4 V heater for 2-cell [[Lead–acid battery|lead-acid batteries]] and for AC mains transformers :*'''B''' – [[#180mADC|{{color|Green|180 mA DC series heater}}]] :*'''C''' – 200 mA AC/DC series heater :*'''D''' – 1.4 V DC filament for [[Leclanché cell]]s, later low-voltage/low-power filament/heater: ::*0.625 V DC directly heated for [[Nickel–cadmium battery|NiCd battery]], series-heated two-tube designs such as [[hearing aid]]s. If either filament breaks, further draining of all batteries stops[https://www.radiomuseum.org/images/tubeenvdiag_klein/d_telefunken_df64.png "Akumed Berlin" hearing-aid eyeglasses schematic] • [http://www.dhi-online.de/DhiNeu/14_Bilder/Schaltpl/Omniton_01.gif "Ideal-Werke Omniton" hearing aid schematic] ::*Wide range 0.9 V to 1.55 V DC directly heated for [[dry cell]]s ::*1.25 V DC directly heated for NiCd batteries ::*1.25 V or 1.4 V AC from a separate heater winding on [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] [[Flyback transformer|horizontal-output transformers]], in half-indirectly heated [[High voltage|EHT]] rectifiers :*'''E''' – 6.3 V parallel heater; for 3-cell [[Automotive battery|lead-acid vehicle crank batteries]] (mobile equipment) and for AC mains or horizontal-output transformers :*'''F''' – 12.6 V DC parallel heater for 6-cell lead-acid vehicle crank batteries :*'''G''' – Various heaters between 2.5 and 5.0 V AC (except 4 V) from a separate heater winding on a mains or horizontal-output transformer for the anode voltage rectifier :*'''H''' – 150 mA AC/DC series heater ::*In 1938, Philips tried to define this letter as "4 V battery", as opposed to '''A''' for "4 V AC"{{rp|2}} :*'''I''' – 20 V heater :*'''K''' – 2.0 V filament for 1-cell lead-acid batteries, later for AC transformers :*'''L''' – 450 mA AC/DC series heater; was shifted here from Y :*'''M''' – 1.9 V, directly heated :*'''N''' – 12.6 V, indirectly heated :*'''O''' – No heater, i.e. [[semiconductor]]s ::*Gas-filled [[Cold cathode|cold-cathode]] tubes were shifted to Z before their mass production started ::*Philips sold a family of 150mA series heater tubes under this letter in South America :*'''P''' – 300 mA AC/DC series heater :*'''Q''' – 2.4 V, indirectly heated :*'''R''' – Not assigned to avoid any confusion with the older [http://www.radiodoctor.de/files/roehren_numbering.htm Telefunken "R" system] :*'''S''' – 1.9 V, indirectly heated :*'''T''' – Custom heater :*'''U''' – 100 mA AC/DC series heater :*'''V''' – 50 mA AC/DC series heater :*'''X''' – 600 mA AC/DC series heater :*'''Y''' – 450 mA AC/DC series heater, shifted to L to avoid conflicts with the ''[[#Professional tubes|{{color|Green|professional tubes}}]]'' system :*'''Z''' – [[Cold cathode|Cold-cathode tube]]; was shifted here from O after the advent of semiconductors *Second and subsequent letters: System type :—Heated tubes (all heater/filament letters except '''O''' and '''Z'''): :*'''''' or '''R''' – Resistive element ([[Electrical ballast#Self-variable resistors|ballast tube]]/[[Iron–hydrogen resistor|barretter]]) :*'''A''' – Small signal [[diode]] :*'''B''' – Dual small signal diode :*'''C''' – Small signal [[triode]] :*'''D''' – Power triode :*'''E''' – Small signal [[tetrode]] :*'''F''' – Small signal [[pentode]] :*'''H''' – Mixer hexode, special purpose heptode :*'''K''' – Mixer heptode or [[octode]] :*'''L''' – Power pentode or [[Beam tetrode|beam power tetrode]] :*'''M''' – [[Magic eye tube|Optical tuning/level indicator]] :*'''N''' – Gas-filled [[thyratron]] :*'''P''' – [[Secondary emission#Special amplifying tubes|Secondary emission]] tube – mostly used as third letter :*'''Q''' – [[Nonode]] :*'''S''' – Special tube ({{lang-de|[[Wiktionary:sonder-|'''S'''onder]][[Wiktionary:Röhre|röhre]]}}) :*'''T''' – [[Beam deflection tube]], or misc. :*'''W''' – Half-wave [[Rectifier#Plasma type|gas-discharge rectifier]] :*'''X''' – Full-wave gas-discharge rectifier :*'''Y''' – Half-wave [[Rectifier#Diode vacuum tube (valve)|high-vacuum rectifier]] (power diode) :*'''Z''' – Full-wave high-vacuum rectifier (dual power diode with common cathode) ::E.g. ECCnn is a 6.3 V dual triode; EABCnn has a single detector diode, a common cathode pair of diodes, and a triode. :{{anchor|Osemi}}—Heater/filament letter '''O''' (very early [[semiconductor]]s):{{cite book |author= |title=Kristalldioden- und Transistoren-Taschen-Tabelle |language=de |publisher=[[Franzis Verlag]] |location=Munich |year=1973 |isbn=978-3-7723-5440-3}} :*'''A''' – Diode ::*'''AP''' – [[Photodiode]] ::*'''AZ''' – [[Zener diode]] :*'''C''' – Transistor ::*'''CP''' – [[Phototransistor]] :*'''D''' – Power transistor :*'''RP''' – [[Photoresistor]] :*'''Y''' – Power diode ::For '''examples''' [[#O - No heater|{{color|Green|see below under '''O'''}}]]. This part lived on in the later [[Pro Electron#Semiconductor diodes and transistors|''Pro Electron'' semiconductor designation system]] (also the tube letters '''F''' "pentode" becoming "RF transistor", and '''L''' "power pentode" becoming "RF power transistor") :{{anchor|ZSQ}}—Heater/filament letter '''Z''' ([[Cold cathode|Cold-cathode tubes]]):{{cite web |url=https://www.valvecollector.uk/documents/numbers-2.htm |title=Cold cathode tubes ZnnnA|access-date=17 May 2013}} :*'''A''' – [[Electric arc|Arc discharge]] tube :*'''B''' – Binary counter or switching tube :*'''C''' – Common cathode ''Counter [[Dekatron]]'' that makes only [[Carry (arithmetic)|carry/borrow]] cathodes separately available for cascading :*'''E''' – [[Electrometer]] tube :*'''G''' – Gating tube :*'''M''' – Optical indicator :*'''S''' – Separate cathode ''Counter/Selector Dekatron'' that makes all cathodes available on individual pins for displaying, [[Frequency divider#Digital dividers|divide-by-n counter/timer/prescalers]], etc. :*'''T''' – ''Relay triode'', a low-power triode [[thyratron]], one starter electrode, may need illumination for proper operation if not radioactively primed :*'''U''' – Low-power tetrode thyratron, may mean: ::*''Trigger tetrode'', one starter electrode and a primer (keep-alive) electrode for ion availability to keep the ignition voltage constant, for analog [[RC circuit|RC]] timers, voltage triggers, etc. ::*''Relay tetrode'', two starter electrodes to make counters bidirectional or resettable :*'''W''' – ''Trigger pentode'', two starter electrodes and a primer electrode :*'''X''' – Shielded ''Trigger pentode'', two starter electrodes, a primer electrode and a conductive coating of the glass envelope inside connected to a separate pin ::For '''examples''' [[#Z - Cold-cathode tube|{{color|Green|see below under '''Z'''}}]] *Following digits: Model number :—Heater/filament letters '''M''', '''N''', '''O''', '''Q''', and '''S''': Sequentially assigned number :—All other heater/filament letters: [[#Drawings|{{color|Green|Base type}}]] ::—Signal tubes: ::*'''Even number:''' 'High slope' ([[Control grid#Effects of grid position|low/medium/high]]-[[Gain (electronics)|μ]] or [[Cut-off (electronics)#Sharp cutoff|sharp-cutoff]]) tube ::*'''Odd number:''' [[Control grid#Grid variations|Variable mutual conductance]] (Vari-μ or [[Cut-off (electronics)#Remote cutoff|remote-cutoff]]) tube ::—Power pentodes and triode/power pentode combinations: ::*'''Even number:''' Linear tube for use in distortion-critical circuits such as [[Power amplifier classes|Class-A, AB or B]], [[Single-sideband modulation|SSB]] or audio power amplifiers ::*'''Odd number:''' Less linear tube for use in more distortion-tolerant circuits such as video or Class-C RF amplifiers :*'''1–9''' – Various pinch-type construction and other European pre-Octal designs: ::'''Note:''' A '''G''' or '''GT''' suffix denotes an export version with a K8A Octal base {{small|(EBF2G, ECH3G, ECH4G, EK2G, EL3G, KF3G, KK3G, KL4G)}} ::*P8A Side-contact 8 ::*V5A Side-contact 5 {{small|(AB2, CB1, CB2, EB1, EB2, KB2, UY2, VY2)}} ::*A4A European 4-pin {{small|(AX1)}} ::*O5A European 5-pin {{small|(AB1, AF2, AN1, BB1, BL2, KL1)}} ::*C7H European 7-pin {{small|(ACH1, AK1, BCH1, DCH1, KF1, KF2)}} ::*K8A Octal mostly for South American markets {{small|(OBC1, OBC3, OBF2, OCH4, OH4, OF1, OF5, OF9, OM5, PBC3, PBF2, PF9, PH4, PM5, UBC1, UBF2, UBL1, UCH4, UF8, UF9, UL1, UM4, UY1)}} ::*''[[Acorn tube]]'' {{small|(DxC, DxF, E1C, ExF)}} ::*B4B 4-pin subminiature [[hearing aid]] base {{small|(EY1)}} ::*B12A Duodecal 12-pin {{small|(E1T)}} :*'''10–19''' – Various bases: ::*Y8A ''Steel tube'' 8-pin ::*''Acorn tube'' {{small|(D1xF, E13F)}} :*'''20–29''' – Various bases: ::*B8G 8-pin [[Tube socket#Loctal|Loctal]] ::*K8A Octal {{small|(DAC21, DBC21, DCH21, DF21, DF22, DK21, DL21, DLL21, DM21)}} ::*P8A Side-contact 8 {{small|(FDD20)}} :*'''30–39''' – K8A [[Tube socket#Octal|Octal]] :*'''40–49''' – B8A [[Tube socket#Rimlock base|Rimlock]] ::*'''41w''' – Battery-heated ''bowl'' tube{{cite web |url=http://www.jogis-roehrenbude.de/Roehren-Geschichtliches/Mil-Roeh_Fassg/Dxx41w/Datasheet.pdf |title=Tabelle der Heeres-Batterie-Spezialröhren |publisher=[[C. Lorenz AG|Lorenz]] |language=de |access-date=21 December 2015}} ({{lang-de|[[Wiktionary:pressen|Press]][[Wiktionary:Napf|napf]][[Wiktionary:Röhre|röhre]]}}) :*'''50–59''' – Miscellaneous: ::*X3A [[Triode#Lighthouse tubes|''Lighthouse'']]-type ''disk-[[Glass-to-metal seal|seal]]'' tube with a K8A Octal base {{small|(EC56, EC57)}} ::*X4A etc. ''Rocket''-type ''disk-seal'' coaxial tube {{small|(EA52, EA53, EC55)}} ::*B8G 8-pin Loctal {{small|(DFF50, DFF51, EF51, EF52)}} ::*B9G 9-pin Loctal {{small|(EC52, EC54, EE50, EF50, EF54, EF55, EFF50, EFF51)}} ::*K8A Octal {{small|(DAH50)}} ::*B9D Magnoval {{small|(E55L)}} ::*B26A [[Trochotron]] base {{small|(ET51)}} ::*A4A European 4-pin {{small|(AX50, AZ50)}} ::*2+1-pin subminiature {{small|(DA50)}} ::*B3G 3-pin subminiature {{small|(EA50, EC53)}} ::*B4B 4-pin subminiature [[hearing aid]] base {{small|(DC51, DD51, DF51, DL51, KC50, KC51, KD50, KE50)}} ::*P8A Side-contact 8 {{small|(AC50, CF50, CF51, EC50, EL50, EL51, EL53, EL54)}} ::*Y10A ''Steel tube'' 10-pin {{small|(UEL51)}} ::*[[Bayonet mount|BA15d]] [[Noise generator|Noise diode]] base {{small|(K5xA)}} ::*Wire leads {{small|(DY51, EY51, KY50, ORP5x, Z50T)}} :*'''60–69''' – Low-frequency ''Pencil tubes'' – subminiature, all-glass inline-pigtailed tubes {{small|(DCF60, DF6x, DL6x, ORP6x)}} ::—Before the 1950s: ::*'''60''' – M7A British 7-pin base {{small|(AL60)}} ::*'''60–64''' – B9G 9-pin Loctal {{small|(EFP60, EL6x, EW60)}} :*'''70–79''' – Low-frequency ''Pencil tubes'' with circular pins or pigtails {{small|(DC70, DF7x, DL7x, DM7x, DY70, EA7x, EC7x, ECC70, EF7x, EL71, EN70, EY70, Z7xU, Z70W)}} ::—Before the 1950s: ::*'''70–79''' – B8G 8-pin Loctal {{small|([[C. Lorenz AG|Lorenz]] EBL/UBL71, ECH/UCH71, EEL/UEL71, EM71, EM72, PY71, UL71)}} :*'''80–89''' – B9A [[Tube socket#Noval base|Noval]] :*'''90–99''' – B7G [[Tube socket#Miniature 7-pin base|Miniature 7-pin]] :*{{anchor|MP_SQ_3}}'''100–109''' – Various bases: ::*O5A European 5-pin {{small|(AC101, AC104, AD101)}} ::*P8A Side-contact 8 {{small|(AH100)}} ::*B7G Miniature 7-pin {{small|(DA101, DFF101, DLL10x)}} ::*P5A, P7A German [[Postal, telegraph and telephone service|PTT]] bases {{small|(AC100, AC102, AD100, AD102)}} ::*S8B Wehrmacht base {{small|(AF100)}} :*'''110–119''' – Various bases: ::*Y8A ''Steel tube'' 8-pin {{small|(EA111, EF111, EF112, EL112, ES/US111)}} ::*B8A Rimlock {{small|(ECL113, ED111)}} :*'''130–139''' – K8A Octal {{small|(EL/PL136, E130L)}} :*'''150–159''' – Miscellaneous: ::*X3A ''Lighthouse''-type ''disk-seal'' tube with a K8A Octal base {{small|(EC157, EC158)}} ::*Y10A ''Steel tube'' 10-pin {{small|(EL151, EL156, EZ150)}} ::*B10V 10-pin glass with one big pin {{small|(EL152, EL153, FL152)}} :*'''160–169''' – Inline wire-ended low-frequency ''Pencil tubes'' {{small|(DF16x, DL16x, DM160)}} ::—Before the 1950s: ::*'''162''' – Y8A ''Steel tube'' 8-pin {{small|(EC162)}} :*'''170–179''' – RFT ''Gnome tubes'':{{cite web |url=http://www.hts-homepage.de/Gnom/GNom.html |title=Gnomröhren Funkwerk Erfurt ("Gnome tubes") |language=de |access-date=5 September 2020}} ::*G8G 8-pin variants derived from B8G Loctal never got past prototyping because the [[evacuation tip]] inside the narrow spigot broke off too easily ::*B11G 11-pin all-glass variant with one offset pin {{small|(EAA/UAA171, EBF/UBF171, ECH/UCH171, EEL/UEL171, EF/UF17x, EL/UL17x, EM/UM171)}} :*'''180–189''' – B9A Noval {{small|(ECC/PCC/XCC/YCC18x, E18xCC, EF/LF/XF/YF18x, E18xF, EL18x, EY189)}} :*'''190–199''' – B7G Miniature 7-pin {{small|(DAF191, DF/EF19x, DK192, DL19x)}} :*'''200–209''' – B10B Decal; Pro Electron-issued {{small|(ECF/LCF/PCF20x, ECH/PCH200, ECL/PCL200, EFL/LFL/PFL200)}} :*'''230–239''' – K8A Octal {{small|(ECC230, E23xL)}} :*'''270–279''' – B11G RFT 11-pin all glass ''Gnome tube'' with one offset pin :*'''280–289''' – B9A Noval {{small|(E28xCC, E28xF)}} :*'''300–399''' – K8A Octal {{small|(EC36x, EL/PL3xx, Z30xC, Z300T)}} :*'''400–499''' – B8A Rimlock {{small|(EF410, EL401)}} :*'''500–529''' – B9D Magnoval; Pro Electron-issued {{small|(ED/PD5xx, EL/LL/PL/XL5xx, EY/GY/PY50x)}} :*'''560–599''' – Miscellaneous: ::*[[Dekatron]] bases {{small|(Z5xxC, Z5xxS)}} ::*[[Nixie tube|Nixie]] bases {{small|(Z5xxM, Z5xx0M)}} ::*Noise diode bases {{small|(GA/KA56x)}} ::*''Lighthouse''-type ''disk-seal'' tube {{small|(EC560)}} ::*''Oil can''-type ''disk-seal'' tube {{small|(EC562)}} :*'''600–699''' – Inline wire-ended low-frequency ''Pencil tubes'' {{small|(DF6xx, DL6xx, Z66xW)}} :*'''700–799''' – Circular wire-ended low-frequency ''Pencil tubes'' {{small|(DC76x, DF703, EC760, EF7xx, Z70xU, Z700W)}} :*'''800–899''' – B9A Noval; Pro Electron-issued {{small|(EAF801, EC860, ECC8xx, PCE800, ECF/LCF/PCF/XCF8xx, ECL/PCL8xx, ECLL800, EF/IF8xx, E810F, EH860, AL/EL/IL/PL8xx, EM8x0, EMM80x, DY/EY/GY/PY80x, Z86xA, Z80xU, Z8xxW, Z86xX)}} :*'''900–999''' – B7G Miniature 7-pin; Pro Electron-issued {{small|(DAF961, DD960, DF9xx, DK962, DL9xx, DY900, EAA901, EC/LC/PC90x, ECC96x, EH900, EZ900, Z960A, Z900T)}} :—{{anchor|MP_SQ_4}}''Special quality'': :*'''1000–''' Round wire-ended {{small|(EC10x0)}} :*'''2000–''' B10B Decal {{small|(ECC2000)}} :*'''3000–''' K8A Octal {{small|(EL3010)}} or P8A Side-contact 8 {{small|(EY3000)}} :*'''5000–''' B9D Magnoval {{small|(EF5000, EL50x0)}} :*'''8000–''' B9A Noval {{small|(EC80x0, ECC8100, ECF8070, ECH8000, ED8000, EF8010, EL8000)}} :*'''9000–''' B7G Miniature 7-pin base For '''examples''' [[#List of European Mullard–Philips tubes|{{color|Green|see below}}]] ====={{anchor|MP_SQ}}Special quality tubes===== SQ tubes (also {{lang-fr|"[[Wiktionary:sécurité|'''S'''ecurité]] - [[Wiktionary:qualité|'''Q'''ualité]]"}}) for professional/industrial/computer/telecommunications use featured some modifications including: *Long-life design *Gold-plated base pins *Narrowly [[twisted pair]] filament inside the nickel cathode sleeve to reduce [[Mains hum|hum]] pickup from the AC heater supply *[[Silicon]]-free filament to avoid [[Hot cathode#Failure modes|cathode interface/poisoning]] after prolonged periods in [[Cut-off (electronics)|cut-off]] (required in [[Digital electronics|digital circuitry]]) *Improved oxide insulation between the heater and cathode sleeve so the cathode could be elevated to a higher voltage above the heater supply (note that a cathode positive to the heater was less detrimental to the oxide insulation between heater and cathode than the reverse, helping to prevent pyrometallurgical electrolytic reactions where the oxide touches the nickel cathode, that could form conductive aluminium [[tungstate]] and which could ultimately develop into a heater/cathode short-circuit) *Dual [[getter]]s to maintain a better vacuum *More rigid electrode supports to reduce [[microphonics]] and improve vibration and shock resistance *[[Mica]] spacers without sharp protrusions which could flake off and become loose inside the envelope, possibly lodging between the grids and thus changing the characteristics of the device *Constricted envelope section to firmly hold specially shaped flakeless mica spacers in place (E80F, E88CC, E90CC) —SQ numbering before c.1960: System type letter and base type number swapped;"Miniwatt" Premium Quality and Special Purpose Tubes, Philips Electrical Industries Pty. Ltd., Australia, November 1957 most were modified versions of standard types (ECC82 → E82CC, ECC88 → E88CC), but some were not pin-compatible (EF80 → E80F). A few SQ tubes did not have a standard equivalent (E55L, E90CC, E91H). For '''examples''' see below, starting at '''[[#DC_SQ|{{color|Green|DC}}]]''' —SQ numbering after c.1960: [[#MP_SQ_4|{{color|Green|4-digit numbers listed above}}]]; for '''examples''' see below, starting at '''[[#EC_SQ|{{color|Green|EC}}]]''' =====Professional tubes===== In use since at least 1961, this system was maintained by ''[[Pro Electron]]'' after their establishment in 1966. Both letters together indicate the type: *'''X''' – High-vacuum electro-optical devices :*'''XA''' – [[Phototube]] :*'''XG''' – Miscellaneous :*'''XM''' – [[Nimo tube|Character generating cathode ray tube]] :*'''XP''' – [[Photomultiplier tube|Photomultiplier]] :*'''XQ''' – [[Video camera tube|Camera tube]] :*'''XR''' – [[Monoscope]] :*'''XS''' – [[Storage tube|Cathode ray charge storage tube]] :*'''XT''' – Memory display tube :*'''XV''' – Infrared detector :*'''XW''' – [[Thermographic camera|Infrared imaging device]] :*'''XX''' – [[Image intensifier]] or [[X-ray image intensifier|image converter]] *'''Y''' – [[Vacuum tube]]s :*'''YA''' – Diode :*'''YD''' – Transmitting or industrial, single or dual triode :*'''YG''' – [[Electrometer]] tube, [[Hot-filament ionization gauge|vacuum gauge]] :*'''YH''' – [[Traveling-wave tube]] :*'''YJ''' – [[Magnetron]] :*'''YK''' – [[Klystron]] :*'''YL''' – Transmitting or industrial, single or dual tetrode or pentode :*'''YN''' – [[Backward-wave oscillator]] :*'''YP''' – [[Secondary emission#Special amplifying tubes|Electron multiplier]] :*'''YR''' – [[Crossed-field amplifier]] :*'''YT''' – Pulse modulator tube :*'''YY''' – [[Rectifier#Diode vacuum tube (valve)|High-vacuum rectifier]] *'''Z''' – [[Gas-filled tube]]s '''not''' employing photosensitive materials :*'''ZA''' – [[Neon lamp|Cold-cathode indicator tube]] :*'''ZB''' – Microwave switching tube ([[Duplexer|TR/ATR cells]], etc.) :*'''ZC''' – Trigger tube :*'''ZD''' – [[Surge arrester]] :*'''ZE''' – ''Glow modulator tube'', a linear light source for rotating-drum [[FAX]] receivers, [[Optical sound|film soundtrack]] recording, etc. :*'''ZF''' – [[Flashtube]] :*'''ZL''' – [[Gas laser]] :*'''ZM''' – [[Nixie tube|Cold-cathode character display tube]] or [[Dekatron|counter display tube]] :*'''ZP''' – [[Gaseous ionization detector|Radiation counter]] tube ([[Geiger–Müller tube|Geiger-Müller counter tube]] or proportional counter tube) :*'''ZQ''' – Mixed analogue and digital display :*'''ZR''' – [[Plasma display]] panel :*'''ZS''' – Bar graph :*'''ZT''' – [[Thyratron]] :*'''ZX''' – [[Ignitron]] :*'''ZY''' – [[Mercury-arc valve|Mercury-vapor rectifier]] :*'''ZZ''' – [[Voltage-regulator tube|Voltage stabilizer]] or corona discharge tube Then follows a 4-digit sequentially assigned number. Optional suffixes for camera tubes: Variant letter: *'''B''' – Blue channel *'''G''' – Green channel *'''L''' – [[Luma (video)|Luminance]] channel *'''R''' – Red channel *'''T''' – [[Reticle|Reticule]] *'''X''' – Matched to medical X-ray image intensifiers with P11 or P20 [[phosphor]]s Letter for variants derived by selection: *'''D''' – High resolution *'''M''' – Blemish standard For '''examples''' [[#List of Pro Electron professional tubes|{{color|Green|see below}}]] =====Transmitting tubes===== The first letter (or letter pair, in the case of a dual-system device) indicates the general type: *'''B''' – [[Backward-wave oscillator|Backward-wave amplifier]] *'''D''' – [[Rectifier]], including grid-controlled types *'''J''' – [[Magnetron]] *'''K''' – [[Klystron]] *'''L''' – [[Traveling-wave tube]] *'''M''' – Triode (AF amplifier or modulator) *'''P''' – Pentode *'''Q''' – Tetrode *'''R''' – Rectifier *'''T''' – Triode (AF, RF, oscillator) *'''X''' – Large [[thyratron]] (including all hydrogen thyratrons and high-current types) The following letter indicates the filament or cathode type, or the fill gas or other construction detail. The coding for vacuum devices differs between Philips (and other Continental European manufacturers) on the one hand and its Mullard subsidiary on the other. —Philips vacuum devices: *'''A''' :*'''Backward-wave amplifier''' or '''Traveling-wave tube''': Output power <1W; signal device for use as intermediate amplifier or [[RF front end|low-noise receiver front end]] :*'''Other tubes''': Directly heated [[tungsten]] filament *'''B''' :*'''Backward-wave amplifier''' or '''Traveling-wave tube''': Output power ≥1W; power device for use in transmitters :*'''Other tubes''': Directly heated [[Thorium|thoriated]] tungsten filament *'''C''' – Directly heated oxide-coated filament *'''D''' – Disk-seal construction *'''E''' – Indirectly heated oxide-coated cathode —Mullard vacuum devices: *'''N''' – External magnet required (magnetrons) *'''P''' – Packaged construction (magnetrons) *'''S''' – [[Sutton tube|Reflex Klystron]] *'''T''' – Multiple resonator (klystrons) *'''V''' – Indirectly heated oxide-coated cathode *'''X''' – Directly heated tungsten filament *'''Y''' – Directly heated thoriated tungsten filament *'''Z''' – Directly heated oxide-coated filament —Gas-filled devices: *'''G''' – Mercury-vapor filling, directly heated oxide-coated filament *'''H''' – Hydrogen filling *'''R''' – Inert-gas filling *'''X''' – Xenon filling The next letter indicates the cooling method or other significant characteristic: *'''H''' – Helix or other integral cooler *'''L''' – Forced-air cooling *'''Q''' – Shield-grid (tetrode) thyratron (thyratrons only) *'''S''' – [[Fused quartz|Silica]] envelope, to allow for a [[glowing anode]] *'''T''' – Tunable microwave device *'''W''' – Water cooling The following group of digits indicate: *'''Microwave tubes:''' Frequency in GHz *'''Rectifying tubes:''' DC output voltage in V or kV in a three-phase half-wave configuration *'''Thyratrons:''' [[Peak inverse voltage]] in kV *'''Transmitting tubes:''' Maximum anode voltage in kV Then a delimiter: * '''/''' (slash) – Philips device (used throughout this list) * '''-''' (dash) – Mullard device The following group of digits indicate the power: *'''Backward-wave amplifier''' or '''Traveling-wave tube:''' Output power :*2nd letter: A – in mW :*2nd letter: B – in W *'''Klystrons:''' Output power *'''Magnetrons:''' Pulse output power in kW *'''Continuously transmitting tubes:''' Maximum anode dissipation in W or kW in [[Power amplifier classes#Class C|Class-C amplifier]] telegraphy *'''Pulsed transmitting tubes:''' Maximum peak anode current in A (number preceded by "'''P'''") *'''Rectifiers:''' Maximum average anode current in mA *'''Thyratrons:''' Maximum average anode current: :*Less than 3 digits: in mA :*3 or more digits: ::*1st digit: =0 – in mA ::*1st digit: >0 – in A An optional following letter indicates the base or connection method: *'''B''' – Cables *'''E''' – Medium 7-pin base *'''ED''' – E27 [[Edison screw#Fittings|Edison screw]] lamp base *'''EG''' – E40 ''Goliath'' Edison screw lamp base *'''F''' – Medium 8-pin base *'''G''' – Medium 4-pin base *'''GB''' – Jumbo 4-pin base *'''GS''' – Super jumbo 4-pin base *'''N''' – Medium 5-pin base *'''P''' – Side-contact base For '''examples''' [[#List of European transmitting tubes|{{color|Green|see below}}]] =====[[Phototube]]s and [[Photomultiplier tube|photomultipliers]]===== The first digit indicates the tube base: *'''2''' – Loctal 8-pin base *'''3''' – Octal 8-pin base *'''5''' – Special base *'''8''' – Noval base *'''9''' – Miniature 7-pin base The second digit is a sequentially assigned number. The following letter indicates the [[photocathode]] type: *'''A''' – S11, [[Caesium]]-activated [[antimony]] cathode. Used for reflective-mode photocathodes. Response range from [[Ultraviolet|UV]] to visible, peak sensitivity 420 nm. Widely used *'''C''' – S1, Caesium-on-[[silver oxide|oxidated-silver]] cathode. Transmission-mode, sensitive from 300...1200 nm, peak at 800 nm. High dark current; used mainly in near-[[Infrared|IR]], with the photocathode cooled *'''D''' – ''Bialkali'' [[potassium]]-antimony-caesium cathode, spectral response from UV to red :*'''DU''' – "D" with a [[Fused quartz|Silica]] window for UV detection *'''SBU''' – ''Solar-blind'' caesium-[[telluride (chemistry)|telluride]] cathode, spectral response from [[Ultraviolet#Subtypes|Vacuum UV to UV-B]], peak sensitivity 235 nm (UV-C), Silica window *'''T''' – S20, ''Trialkali'' [[sodium]]-potassium-antimony-caesium cathode, wide spectral response from UV to near-IR; special cathode processing can extend range to 930 nm, then referred to as S25. Used in broadband [[spectrophotometer]]s :*'''TU''' – "T" with a Silica window for UV detection *'''U''' – S13, "A" with a Silica window for UV detection, peak sensitivity 400 nm The following letter indicates the filling: *'''G''' – Gas-filled *'''V''' – High-vacuum A following letter '''P''' indicates a photomultiplier. '''Examples:''' *'''20AV''' – Vacuum phototube, blue sensitive, B8G Loctal base *'''20CG''' – Gas-filled phototube, Red/IR sensitive, B8G Loctal base *'''20CV''' – Vacuum phototube, Red/IR sensitive, B8G Loctal base *'''57CV''' – [[Photometry (optics)|Photometric]] cell, Red/IR sensitive, British 4-pin base *'''58CG''' – Gas-filled phototube, Red/IR sensitive, all-glass pigtailed *'''58CV''' – Vacuum phototube, Red/IR sensitive, all-glass pigtailed *'''90AG''' – Gas-filled phototube, daylight/blue sensitive, Miniature 7-pin base *'''90AV''' – Vacuum phototube, blue sensitive, Miniature 7-pin base *'''90CG''' – Gas-filled phototube, Red/IR sensitive, Miniature 7-pin base *'''90CV''' – Vacuum phototube, Red/IR sensitive, Miniature 7-pin base *'''92AG''' – Gas-filled phototube, blue sensitive, Miniature 7-pin base *'''92AV''' – Vacuum phototube, blue sensitive, Miniature 7-pin base *'''61SV/7634''', '''62SV''' – [[Lead(II) sulfide|PbS]] [[infrared]] (300...3500 nm) [[photoresistor]], 2-pin all-glass pigtailed *'''50AVP''' – 11-stage photomultiplier for [[scintillation counter]]s, Duodecal base *'''51UVP''' – 11-stage photomultiplier, Duodecal base *'''52AVP''' = '''XP1180''' – 10-stage photomultiplier, 13-pin base *'''53AVP''', '''153AVP''' – 10-stage photomultiplier, Diheptal 14-pin base *'''53UVP''' – 11-stage photomultiplier, Diheptal 14-pin base *'''54AVP''' – 11-stage photomultiplier, Diheptal 14-pin base *'''55AVP''' – 15-stage photomultiplier, Bidecal 20-pin base *'''56AVP''' – 14-stage photomultiplier, Bidecal 20-pin base *'''56DVP''', '''56DUVP''' – 12-stage photomultiplier, Bidecal 20-pin base *'''56SBUVP''' – 14-stage photomultiplier, Bidecal 20-pin base *'''56TVP''', '''56TUVP''' – 12-stage photomultiplier, Bidecal 20-pin base *'''56UVP''' – 14-stage photomultiplier, Duodecal base *'''57AVP''' – 11-stage photomultiplier, Bidecal 20-pin base *'''58AVP''' – 14-stage photomultiplier, Bidecal 20-pin base *'''150AVP''' – 10-stage photomultiplier, Bidecal 20-pin base *'''150CVP''' – 10-stage photomultiplier, Bidecal 20-pin base =====[[Voltage-regulator tube|Voltage stabilizers]]===== The first number indicates the burning voltage The following letter indicates the current range: *'''A''' – max. 10 mA *'''B''' – max. 22 mA *'''C''' – max. 40 mA *'''D''' – max. 100 mA *'''E''' – max. 200 mA The following digit is a sequentially assigned number. An optional, following letter indicates the base: *'''E''' – [[Edison screw]] lamp base *'''K''' – Octal base *'''P''' – Side-contact base '''Examples:''' *'''70B1''' – Voltage reference tube, all-glass pigtailed *'''75B1''' – Voltage reference tube, Miniature 7-pin base *'''75C1''' – Voltage reference tube, Miniature 7-pin base *'''83A1''' = '''7980''' – Voltage reference tube, Miniature 7-pin base *'''85A1''' = '''0E3''' – Voltage reference tube, B8G Loctal base *'''85A2''' = '''0G3''' – Voltage reference tube, Miniature 7-pin base *'''90C1''' – Voltage reference tube, Miniature 7-pin base *'''95A1''' – Voltage reference tube, Miniature 7-pin base *'''100E1''' – Voltage reference tube, A4A European 4-pin base *'''108C1''' = '''0B2''' – Voltage reference tube, Miniature 7-pin base *'''150A1''' – Voltage reference tube, P8A side-contact 8 base *'''150B2''' = '''6354''' – Voltage reference tube, Miniature 7-pin base *'''150B3''' – Voltage reference tube, Miniature 7-pin base *'''150C1''' – Voltage reference tube, P8A side-contact 8 base *'''150C2''' = '''0A2''' – Voltage reference tube, Miniature 7-pin base *'''150C4''' – Voltage reference tube, Miniature 7-pin base ====Compagnie des Lampes (1888, "Métal") system==== The first (1888) incarnation of ''[[La Compagnie des Lampes]]'' produced the [[#O1915|{{color|Green|'''TM''' tube}}]] since 1915 and defined one of the first French systems;{{cite web |url=http://paillard.claude.free.fr/lampes1.pdf |title=Les lampes (67MB) |language=fr |access-date=1 May 2017}} not to be confused with Compagnie des Lampes (1921, "French Mazda", see [[#FrenchMazda|{{color|Green|below}}]]). This system was also used by the British {{H:title|The Electrical Trading Assoc., Ltd, Aldwych House, Aldwych, London|ETA}}[http://www.r-type.org/ephemera/ephe008.htm ''Electrical Trading Association''] on r-type.org First letter: Heater or filament voltage *'''A''' – 1 V *'''B''' – 2 V *'''D''' – 4 V *'''E''' – 5 V *'''F''' – 6 V *'''G''' – 7 V Second letter: Heater or filament current *'''W''' – ≥200 mA *'''X''' – 150 mA *'''Y''' – 100...140 mA *'''Z''' – 50 mA Next number: [[Gain (electronics)|Gain]] Next number: [[Internal resistance]] in kΩ '''Examples:''' *'''BW604''' – ''Métal secteur'' indirectly AC-heated AF power triode[https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/084/b/BW604.pdf BW604 data sheet] *'''BW1010''' – ''Métal secteur'' indirectly AC-heated AF triode[https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/084/b/BW1010.pdf BW1010 data sheet] ====[[A.C. Cossor|Cossor]] system==== *An optional number: Heater voltage :*'''4''', '''40–49''', '''400–499''' – 4 V, Mostly indirect, heater ::'''Note:''' Some tubes in the low '''40'''s and '''400'''s have a 40 V indirect heater :*'''13''' – 13 V Indirect heater :*'''200–299''' – 2 V heater :*'''600–699''' – 6 V Indirect heater :*'''800–899''' – 7.5 V Indirect heater *Letter(s): System type :A preceding letter '''M''' indicates a 4-volts AC, indirectly heated ("Mains Operated") tube :*'''B''' – Dual power triode :*'''BU''' – Full-wave rectifier :*'''DD''' – Dual diode :*'''DDT''', '''DHA''' – Dual diode + triode :*'''DET''' – Detector :*'''DG''' – Tetrode :*'''DP''' – Power triode :*'''HF''', '''HL''', '''LH''' – Signal triode :*'''HPT''' – Power pentode :*'''LF''' – AF triode :*'''P''' – Power triode or pentode :*'''PA''' – Power triode :*'''PG''', '''PGA''' – Heptode [[pentagrid converter]] :*'''PPA''' – Power pentode :*'''PT''' – Power pentode :*'''RC''' – Triode :*'''SG''' – Sharp-cutoff tetrode :*'''SPA''', '''SPT''' – Sharp-cutoff RF pentode :*'''SU''', '''SUA''' – Half-wave rectifier :*'''VPA''', '''VPT''' – [[Control grid#Grid variations|Variable-mu]] (remote-cutoff) RF pentode :*'''VS''', '''VSG''' – Variable-mu tetrode :*'''XP''' – Power triode *An optional number if none preceded the letters :{{anchor|Cossor_Examples}}'''Examples:'''[https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/160/suppinfo/Cossor_VM_1935.pdf Cossor Valve Manual 1935-36] :*'''4XP''' – 4 volts, directly heated power triode :*'''41MDG''' – 4 volts tetrode :*'''41MP''' – 4 volts, indirectly heated, power triode :*'''41MPG''' – 4 volts, indirectly heated, heptode pentagrid :*'''41MXP''' – 4 volts, indirectly heated, power triode :*'''210DET''' – 2 volts, directly heated, detector triode :*'''210HF''' – 2 volts, directly heated, triode :*'''210HL''' – 2 volts, directly heated, triode :*'''210LF''' – 2 volts, directly heated, triode :*'''210PG''' – 2 volts, directly heated, variable-mu heptode pentagrid :*'''210RC''' – 2 volts, directly heated, very high impedance triode :*'''210SPT''' – 2 volts, directly heated, sharp-cutoff RF pentode :*'''210VPT''' – 2 volts, directly heated, shielded variable-mu RF pentode :*'''215P''' – 2 volts, directly heated AF power triode :*'''220B''' – 2 volts, directly heated dual power triode :*'''220PA''' – 2 volts, directly heated power triode :*'''220PT''' – 2 volts, directly heated power triode :*'''230XP''' – 2 volts, directly heated power triode :*'''240B''' – 2 volts, directly heated dual AF power triode :*'''402P''' – 40 volts, indirectly heated power triode, 7-pin base :*'''410HF''' – Triode :*'''610RC''' – 6 volts, directly heated signal triode :*'''660SU''' – 6 volts, directly heated 1 kV, 150 mA half-wave rectifier :*'''825BU''' – 7.5 volts, directly heated 500 V, 120 mA full-wave rectifier :*'''DDT''' – 4 volts, indirectly heated dual diode + triode :*'''DP''' – 16 volts, indirectly heated power triode :*'''PT41''' – 4 volts, directly heated power pentode :*'''SU25''' – 25 kV, 1 mA [[High voltage|EHT]] rectifier :*'''SU2150''' (''CV1120'') – 8 kV, 2 mA EHT rectifier for use in [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] power supplies ===={{anchor|BritishMazda}}[[Edison and Swan Electric Light Company|EdiSwan]] ("British [[Mazda (light bulb)|Mazda]]") systems==== {| class="wikitable floatright" style="width: 30%;" |- | EdiSwan ('''British Mazda''') is not to be confused with other licensees of [[General Electric]]'s [[Mazda (light bulb)|''Mazda'' brand]]: * GE's own subsidiary [[British Thomson-Houston]] * Cie des Lampes (1921, '''French Mazda''', see [[#FrenchMazda|{{color|Green|below}}]]) * Cie Industrielle Française des Tubes Electroniques – CIFTE ('''Mazda-Belvu''' – originating from ''Societé Radio Belvu''; see [[#FrenchMazda|{{color|Green|below}}]]){{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/other/Belvu/catalogue.pdf |title=Belvu tubes electroniques, Licence R.C.A |language=fr |access-date=25 April 2017}} * Manufacture Belge des Lampes Électriques,([[:fr:MBLE|fr]], [[:nl:Manufacture Belge de Lampes Electriques|nl]]) producing: :* Light bulbs since 1911 under the '''Belgian Mazda''' brand :* Electronic tubes since 1924 under the '''Adzam''' ("Mazda" spelled backwards) brand{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/other/Adzam/adzam1957.pdf |title=Vade-mecum ADZAM |year=1957 |language=fr |access-date=1 May 2017}} * Mazda-[[:File:Pub Mazda.jpg|CIPEL]], batteries (Cie Industrielle des Piles Électriques) * Mazda-[[Westinghouse Electric (1886)|Westinghouse]], light bulbs * Mazda-[[Toshiba]], light bulbs, coexisted with the [[Mazda|Japanese automaker]] in its early years |} '''Note:''' EdiSwan also used the [[#Mullard–Philips system|{{color|Green|Mullard–Philips scheme}}]]. =====Signal tubes===== First number: Heater or filament rating *'''0''' – Misc. higher voltages *'''1''' – 1.4 V *'''6''' – 6.3 V *'''10''' – 100 mA *'''20''' – 200 mA *'''30''' – 300 mA Following letter or letter sequence: Type *'''C''' – [[Pentagrid converter#Pentode|Triode/pentode]], [[Pentagrid converter#Hexode|triode/hexode]] or triode/heptode mixer *'''D''' – Signal diode(s) *'''F''' – Tetrode or pentode *'''FD''' – Tetrode+diode(s) or pentode+diode(s) *'''FL''' – Tetrode+triode or pentode+triode *'''K''' – Small gas triode or tetrode [[thyratron]] *'''L''' – Single or dual triode, including oscillator triode *'''LD''' – Triode + diode(s) *'''M''' – [[Magic eye tube|Optical tuning/level indicator]] *'''P''' – Power tetrode or pentode *'''PL''' – Signal triode + power tetrode or pentode Final number: Sequentially assigned number =====Power rectifiers===== Letter(s): Type *'''U''' – Half-wave [[Rectifier#Diode vacuum tube (valve)|high-vacuum rectifier]] *'''UU''' – Full-wave high-vacuum rectifier Number: Sequentially assigned number '''Examples:''' '''Note:''' "AC/"-series receiver tubes are listed under ''[[#OEACediswan|{{color|Green|other letter tubes - AC/}}]]'' *'''6C10''' (6CU7/ECH42) – [[Pentagrid converter#Hexode|Triode/hexode mixer]], Rimlock base *'''6F22''' = '''6BK8/6CF8/EF86''' (6267) – Low-noise AF pentode, Noval base *'''6F33''' – Shielded pentode, Miniature 7-pin base *'''6FL2''' = '''ECF812''' – Triode + low-power beam tetrode, Noval base; 30FL2 (=PCF812) with a different heater *'''6L12''' (6AQ8/ECC85) – Dual triode, Noval base *'''6L19''' – Dual triode, Rimlock base *'''6M2''' (6CD7/EM34) – Dual-sensitivity [[Magic eye tube|tuning indicator]], 8-pin Octal base *'''6P9''' = '''6BM5''' – Power pentode, Miniature 7-pin base *'''6P15''' (6BQ5/[[EL84]]) – Power pentode, Noval base *'''10M2''' = '''UM35''' (UM4) – Dual-sensitivity, top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator *'''10PL12''' (50BM8/UCL82) – Triode + power pentode, Noval base *'''30C17''' = '''PCF87''' – Triode + remote-cutoff pentode for use as VHF mixer in TV receivers *'''30FL2''' = '''PCF812''' – Triode + low-power beam tetrode, Noval base; 6FL2 (=ECF812) with a different heater *'''30PL13''' = '''PCL800''' – Triode + power pentode *'''30PL14''' = '''PCL88''' – Triode + power pentode *'''U26''' = '''2J2/KY80''' – [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] [[High voltage|EHT]] rectifier, Noval base *'''U381''' (38A3/UY85) – Half-wave rectifier, Noval base *'''UU9''' (6BT4/EZ40) – Full-wave rectifier, Rimlock base ====[[English Electric Valve Company|EEV]] system==== This system consists of one or more letters followed by a sequentially assigned number{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/203/suppinfo/EEV_Vol1.pdf |title=EEV Valve data book (129MB) |date=March 1966 |access-date=1 May 2017}} *'''A''' – High-vacuum rectifier *'''AFX''' – Rare gas filled triode [[thyratron]] *'''AH''' – [[Mercury-arc valve|Mercury-vapor rectifier]] *'''AX''' – Xenon filled rectifier *'''B''' – Radiation-cooled triode *'''BD''' – Mercury-vapor rectifier *'''BK''' – [[Ignitron]] *'''BM''' – [[Magnetron]] *'''BR''' – Forced-air cooled triode *'''BS''' – [[Duplexer|TR (Transmit/receive) cell]], TB cell, Solid-state microwave device *'''BT''' – Mercury-vapor or xenon filled thyratron *'''BW''' – Water-cooled triode *'''BY''' – Vapor-cooled triode *'''C''' – Radiation-cooled tetrode *'''CR''' – Forced-air cooled tetrode *'''CW''' – Water-cooled tetrode *'''CX''' – Hydrogen tetrode thyratron *'''E''' – [[Storage tube]] *'''FX''' – Hydrogen triode thyratron *'''GX''' – [[Spark gap]] *'''K''' – [[Klystron]] *'''M''' – Magnetron *'''NFT''' – [[Nernst glower|Nernst filament]], a source of mid-infrared radiation *'''P''' – [[Video camera tube]] *'''QS''' – [[Voltage-regulator tube]] *'''QT''' – [[Cold cathode|Cold-cathode]] trigger tube *'''T''' – [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] *'''U''' – [[Vacuum capacitor]] *'''XL''' – ''Glow modulator tube'', [[flashtube]], [[gas laser]] '''Examples:''' *'''B142''' – 400 W RF power triode up to 50 MHz similar to '''[[833A]]''' *'''B1109''' = '''3C24''' – 25 W VHF power triode up to 60 MHz *'''B1135''' = '''5867''' = '''CV1350''' – VHF power triode up to 100 MHz *'''B1152''' – 500W RF power triode up to 50 MHz *'''QT1257''' – ''Touch button tube'', an illuminated capacitance [[touch switch]]; a cold-cathode DC ''relay tube'', external (capacitive) starter activated by touching; then the cathode glow is visible. 6-pin Octal base *'''XL601''', '''XL602''', '''XL603''', '''XL627''', '''XL628''', '''XL631''' and '''XL632''' – Cold-cathode, linear light source (''glow modulator tube''), gas diode with a blue-violet glow, modulation up to 1 MHz, 8-pin base, for rotating-drum [[FAX]] receivers, etc. ====ETL computing tubes system==== The British ''[[Ericsson Telephones Limited]]'' (ETL), of Beeston, Nottingham (not to be confused with the Swedish [[Ericsson|''TelefonAB Ericsson'']]), original holder of the now-generic trademark ''[[Dekatron]]'', used the following system: *An initial letter denoting the filling: :*'''G''' – Gas-filled :*'''V''' – Vacuum *One letter denoting the type: :*'''C''' – Common cathode ''Counter [[Dekatron]]'' that makes only [[Carry (arithmetic)|carry/borrow]] cathodes separately available for cascading :*'''D''' – Diode, [[Voltage-regulator tube|voltage reference]], etc. :*'''PE''' – Trigger pentode, two starter electrodes and a keep-alive (primer) electrode for ion availability :*'''R''' – Register (Readout) – [[Nixie tube|Digital indicator]] :*'''S''' – [[Trochotron]] or separate cathode ''Counter/Selector Dekatron'' that makes all cathodes available on individual pins for displaying, [[Frequency divider#Digital dividers|divide-by-n counter/timer/prescalers]], etc. :*'''TE''' – Trigger tetrode, one starter electrode and a keep-alive electrode :*'''TR''' – Trigger triode, one starter electrode only *A digit group: :*'''Dekatrons''': Stage count :*'''Digital indicators''': Display cathode count :*'''Diodes, voltage references''': Nominal voltage :*'''Trigger tubes''': Ignition voltage *An optional digit group after a slash: Accessible cathodes count *One letter denoting the type: :*'''A''' to '''F''' – British 4-pin, K8A Octal, B12A Duodecal [[Phenol formaldehyde resin|phenolic]] bases :*'''G''' to '''T''' – All-glass tubes with B7G Miniature 7-pin, B9A Noval, B13B, B17A, B26A, B27A bases :*'''W''' to '''Z''' – All-glass tubes with wire ends *An optional suffix: :*'''/M''' – Trochotron with magnetic shielding :*'''R''' – Shock and vibration-resistant :*'''/S''' – Tested to military specs {{anchor|ETL_Examples}}'''Examples:''' *'''GC10/2P''' – Neon-filled, 1 kHz miniature decade ''Counter [[Dekatron]]'', a gas-filled, bidirecional decade counter tube *'''GC10A''' – Helium-filled, decade ''Counter Dekatron'' *'''GC10B''' – Neon-filled, 4 kHz Long life, decade ''Counter Dekatron'' :*'''GC10/4B''' – 4 kHz Decade ''Computing Counter Dekatron'' with [[Carry (arithmetic)|carry/borrow]] cathodes "0" and "9" and intermediate cathodes "3" and "5" wired to separate pins *'''GC10D''' – 20 kHz Decade ''Counter Dekatron'', for single-pulse operation *'''GC12/4B''' – 4 kHz Duodecimal ''Counter Dekatron'' with carry/borrow cathodes 11 and 12 and intermediate cathodes 6 and 8 wired to separate pins *'''GCA10G''' – 10 kHz max. Decade ''Counter Dekatron'' with routing guides and aux anodes to directly drive [[Nixie tube]]s, B27A base without the inner pin ring *'''GD2V''' – 2 kV, 16 [[Joule|J]] discharge tube, all-glass studded *'''GD75P''' – 75 V [[Voltage-regulator tube|Voltage reference]], Miniature 7-pin base *'''GD90M''' – 90 V Voltage reference, Miniature 7-pin base *'''GD340X''' – 345 V/3...200 µA Corona voltage reference, all-glass pigtailed *'''GD350X''', '''GD350Y''' – 350 V/3...200 µA Corona voltage reference, all-glass pigtailed *'''GD550W''' – 550 V, 1.5 J Discharge tube, e.g. for power [[Relaxation oscillator#Pearson–Anson oscillator|relaxation oscillator]]s, all-glass pigtailed *'''GDT120M''' – 9 mA Gas-filled cold-cathode DC triode, one starter and a separate glow diode acting as an optical primer, Miniature 7-pin base *'''GR2G''' –  ''+ -''  [[Nixie tube|Neon-filled digital indicator tube]], 18 × 18 mm characters, side-viewing *'''GR2H''' –  ''+ -''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 20 × 20 mm characters, top-viewing *'''GR4G''' –  ''¼ ½ ¾ 1''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 18 × 30 mm characters, side-viewing *'''GR7M''' –  ''+ - V A Ω % ~''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5 mm character height, top-viewing *'''GR10A''' – Gas-filled digital indicator tube with a [[dekatron]]-type readout *'''GR10G''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 16.86 × 30 mm characters, side-viewing *'''GR10H''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 12 × 19 mm characters, top-viewing *'''GR10J''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 16.86 × 30 mm characters, side-viewing *'''GR10K''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 12 × 19 mm characters, top-viewing *'''GR10M''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 10 × 15.5 mm characters, top-viewing *'''GR10W''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 8.42 × 15 mm characters, side-viewing, all-glass pigtailed *'''GR12G''' –  ''A B C D E F G H I J K L''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 16 × 30 mm characters, side-viewing *'''GR12H''' –  ''E L M N P R S T U V W X''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 16 × 30 mm characters, side-viewing :'''Note:''' More Nixie tubes under ''[[#ZM|{{color|Green|standard - ZM}}]]'' and ''[[#ZM 2|{{color|Green|professional - ZM}}]]'' *'''GS10C''' – 4 kHz max. Decade ''Counter/Selector [[Dekatron]]'', top-viewing, Duodecal base *'''GS10D''' – Hydrogen-filled, 20 kHz max. Decade ''Counter/Selector Dekatron'', Duodecal base *'''GS10H''' – 4 kHz max. Decade ''Counter/Selector Dekatron'' with routing guides, B17A base *'''GS12C''' – 4 kHz max. Duodecimal ''Counter/Selector Dekatron'', with solder lugs *'''GS12D''' – Neon-filled, 4 kHz max. duodecimal ''Counter/Selector Dekatron'', Duodecal base with two additional pigtails for the guide electrodes *'''GSA10G''' – 10 kHz max. Decade ''Counter/Selector Dekatron'' with routing guides and aux anodes to directly drive [[Nixie tube]]s, B27A base *'''GTE120Y''' – 5 mA Subminiature DC trigger tetrode, one starter and one primer, all-glass pigtailed *'''GTE130T''' – 8 mApeak DC trigger tetrode, one starter and one primer, close tolerance, low aging, quadrant I operation only, Noval base *'''GTE175M''' – 3.5 mAavg, 50 mApeak DC Trigger tetrode, one starter and one primer, Miniature 7-pin base, for [[Dekatron]] coupling circuits *'''GTR120W''' – 9 mA Subminiature DC trigger triode, 3-pin all-glass pigtailed, for computer applications *'''GTR75M''' – 75 V [[Voltage-regulator tube|Voltage reference]], Miniature 7-pin *'''GTR95M/S''' – 95 V Voltage reference, Miniature 7-pin *'''GTR150''' – Subminiature, primed 150 V voltage reference, all-glass pigtailed *'''VS10G''' – ''[[Trochotron]]'', an electron-beam decade counter tube *'''VS10G-M''' – VS10G with a [[Magnetic shielding|magnetic shield]] *'''VS10H''' – High-current ''trochotron'' *'''VS10K''' – Low-voltage ''trochotron'' ====Marconi-Osram system==== The British [[General Electric Company|GEC]]-[[Marconi-Osram Valve|Marconi-Osram (M-OV)]] designation from the 1920s uses one or two letter(s) followed by a number and sometimes by a second letter identifying different variants of a particular type. The letter(s) generally denote the type or use: :'''Note:''' A preceding '''DE''' indicates a [[Hot cathode|''Dull Emitter'']] tube.{{rp|198ff}} A preceding letter '''M''' indicates a 4-volts AC, indirectly heated ("Mains Operated") tube *'''A''' – General professional tube *'''B''' – Dual triode *'''D''' – Dual diode *'''DA''' – More than 25 W power triode *'''GT''' – [[Thyratron|Gas-filled triode]] *'''GU''' – [[Rectifier#Plasma type|Gas-discharge rectifier]] *'''H''' – High-impedance signal triode *'''KT''' – [[Beam tetrode|Beam power tetrode]] ("'''''K'''inkless '''T'''etrode''") *'''KTW''' – [[Cut-off (electronics)|Remote-cutoff]] beam tetrode *'''KTZ''' – Sharp-cutoff beam tetrode *'''L''' – Low-impedance signal triode :*'''LP''' – Power triode *'''N''' – Power pentode *'''P''' – Power triode up to 3 W :*'''PT''' – Power pentode :*'''PX''' – 3...25 W Power triode *'''QP''' – Dual pentode *'''S''' – Tetrode *'''SP''' – Pentode *'''U''' – [[Rectifier#Diode vacuum tube (valve)|Rectifier]] *'''VP''', '''VMP''' – Remote-cutoff pentode *'''VS''', '''VMS''' – Remote-cutoff tetrode *'''W''' – Remote-cutoff pentode *'''X''' – [[Pentagrid converter#Hexode|Triode/hexode mixer]] *'''Y''' – [[Magic eye tube|Optical tuning/level indicator]] *'''Z''' – Sharp-cutoff RF pentode In most cases, the first digit of the following number is the heater rating: *'''2''' – 2 V *'''3''' – 13 V or 300 mA *'''4''' – 4 V *'''5''' – 5 V (Rectifiers) *'''6''' – 6 V '''Examples:''' *'''A1834''' = '''6AS7G/ECC230''' = '''CV2523''' – Dual power triode (series regulator), Octal base *'''B30''' – Dual [[Power amplifier classes#Class B|Class-B]] power triode *'''B309''' = '''[[12AT7]]/ECC81''' – High-[[Gain (electronics)|mu]] dual triode. Commonly used as RF amplifier/mixer in VHF circuits *'''B719''' = '''6AQ8/ECC85''' – Dual RF triode, RF amp & mixer in FM receivers, Noval base *'''D41''' = EdiSwan '''V914''' – Indirectly heated, dual detector diode, British 5-pin base *'''D42''' – Indirectly heated, single detector diode, British 4-pin base *'''DA30''' – AF power triode, Pa=30 W *'''DA40''' – AF power triode, Pa=40 W *'''DA41''' – AF power triode, Pa=50 W *'''DA60''' – AF power triode, Pa=60 W *'''DA100''' – AF power triode, Pa=100 W *'''DA250''' – AF power triode, Pa=250 W *'''GT1''' – Mercury vapor-filled, 1 kV, 300 mAavg, 500 mARMS, 1 Apeak thyratron, 4 V/1.3 A heater, O5A European 5-pin base :*'''GT1A''' – Argon-filled, 300 V, 200 mAavg, 300 mARMS, 600 mApeak version of GT1 :*'''GT1C''' = '''AN1''' – Argon-filled, 500 V, 300 mAavg, 500 mARMS, 1 Apeak version extensively used in the [[Colossus computer]] *'''GU21''' = EnglishElectricValve '''AH221''' = Mullard '''RG4/1250''' – Half-wave [[Mercury-arc valve|mercury-vapor rectifier]], E40 ''Goliath'' [[Edison screw]] lamp base *'''H11''', '''H12''' – Directly heated miniature AF triodes, 2 V/60 mA filament, for use in [[hearing aid]]s; cf. KC50, KC51, Mullard DA1 *'''H63''' = '''6F5''' – High-mu triode, Octal base *'''H610''' – Directly heated, high-mu AF triode, British 4-pin base *'''HA1''' (4 V heater), '''HA2''' (6.3 V heater) – ''[[Acorn tube|Acorn]]'' UHF triodes up to 600 MHz *{{anchor|MOKT}}'''KT2''' – 1 W Beam power tetrode, British 5-pin base, 2 V/200 mA filament *'''KT21''' – 1.25 W Beam power tetrode, British 5-pin base, 2 V/300 mA filament *'''KT32''' (25L6, 25L6G, 25L6GT, 25W6GT) – 7.5 W Beam power tetrode, Octal base, 26 V/300 mA heater for use in AC/DC radio receivers with series heater strings *'''KT33''' (25A6GT) – 5 W Beam power tetrode, Octal base, 26 V/300 mA heater for use in AC/DC radio receivers with series heater strings :*'''KT33C''' – KT33 with a center-tapped heater, so it can also be wired for 13 V/600 mA *'''KT36''' – 10 W Beam power tetrode, Octal base, 26 V/300 mA heater for use in AC/DC radio receivers with series heater strings *'''KT41''' – 8.6 W Beam power tetrode, British 7-pin base, 4 V/2 A heater *'''KT55''' – 25 W Beam power tetrode, Octal base, 52 V/300 mA heater for use in AC/DC radio receivers with series heater strings *'''KT61''' (6M6G, EL33) – 4.3 W Beam power tetrode, Octal base, 6.3 V/950 mA heater *'''KT63''' (6F6, 6F6G, 6F6GT) – 6 W Beam power tetrode, Octal base, 6.3 V/700 mA heater *'''[[KT66]]''' ([[6L6|6L6GC]]) – 7.25 W Beam power tetrode, Octal base, 6.3 V/1.27 A heater [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:KT66|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''KT67''' – 25 W RF beam power tetrode, B9G 9-pin Loctal base, 6.3 V/1.5 A heater *'''KT71''' (50L6GT) – 5 W Beam power tetrode, Octal base, 48 V/160 mA heater for use in AC/DC radio receivers with series heater strings *'''KT77''' – 30 W Beam power tetrode, Octal base, 6.3 V/1.4 A heater; [[drop-in replacement]] for the [[EL34|6CA7/EL34]] power pentode *'''KT81''' – KT61 with a B8G Loctal base *'''[[KT88]]''' = '''6550A''' = '''CV5220''' (EdiSwan 12E13, Brimar 7D11) – AF beam power tetrode, two tubes are capable of providing 100 W output, [[Power amplifier classes#Class AB|Class-AB1]], Octal base, 6.3 V/1.6 A heater [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:KT88|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''KTW21''' – Remote-cutoff RF/IF beam tetrode, 4-pin base with control grid on top cap, 2 V/100 mA filament; upgrade to the older W21 *'''KTW61''', '''KTW62''' – Remote-cutoff RF/IF beam tetrode, Octal base with control grid on top cap, 6.3 V/300 mA heater; upgrade to the older W61 :*'''KTW61M''' – KTW61 with a metal particles spray-shielded envelope *'''KTW63''' – Remote-cutoff RF/IF beam tetrode, Octal base with control grid on top cap, 6.3 V/300 mA heater; upgrade to the older W63 *'''KTW73''', '''KTW73M''' (Spray-shielded) – Remote-cutoff RF/IF beam tetrode, Octal base with control grid on top cap, 6.3 V/160 mA heater *'''KTZ41''' – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF beam tetrode, British 7-pin base with control grid on top cap, 4 V/1.5 A heater *'''KTZ61''' – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF beam tetrode, Octal base with control grid on top cap, 6.3 V/300 mA heater *'''KTZ63''' – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF beam tetrode, Octal base with control grid on top cap, 6.3 V/300 mA heater; upgrade to the older Z63, beam variant of 6J7/EF37 with suppressor plates connected to cathode, not to a separate pin *'''KTZ73''', '''KTZ73M''' (Spray-shielded) – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF beam tetrode, Octal base with control grid on top cap, 6.3 V/160 mA heater *'''L11''', '''L12''' – Directly heated miniature AF power triodes, 2 V/60 mA filament, for use in hearing aids; cf. KD50, Mullard DA2, DA3 *'''L63''' = '''6J5''' – Low-mu triode, Octal base *'''L610''' – Directly heated, low-mu RF triode, British 4-pin base *'''MKT4''' – 3.2 W Beam power tetrode, indirect 4 V/1 A heater, British 5 or 7-pin base *'''MU12''' = EdiSwan '''UU4''' (350 V), '''MU14''' = '''UU5''' = Mullard '''IW4-500''' (500 V) – Full-wave rectifier, indirect 4 V/2.5 A heater, British 4-pin base *'''MX40''' – Heptode [[pentagrid converter]] with an indirect 4 V/1 A heater and a British 7-pin base with g4 on top cap; similar to the Mullard FC4 octode *'''N77''' = '''6AM5/EL91''', '''N78''' = '''6BJ5''' – Power pentodes, Miniature 7-pin base *'''N309''' = '''15A6/PL83''' – CRT cathode drive power pentode *'''P425''' = Mullard '''PM254''' – Power triode with a 4 V/200 mA battery heater and a British 4-pin base *'''P610''' – Directly heated AF power triode, British 4-pin base *'''P625''' – AF power triode *'''PX4''' – Directly heated AF power triode designed in the 1930s. Capable of providing about 4.5 W of audio *'''PX25''' – Directly heated AF power triode designed in the 1930s. Capable of providing about 25 W of audio *'''QP21''' – Directly heated dual AF (push-pull) power pentode, British 7-pin base *'''QP240''' – Directly heated dual AF (push-pull) power pentode, British 9-pin base *'''S12''' – Directly heated miniature AF tetrode, 2 V/60 mA filament, for use in hearing aids; cf. KE50, Mullard DAS1 *'''S610''' – Directly heated sharp-cutoff RF tetrode, British 4-pin base *'''U52''' = '''5AS4A/5U4GB''' – Full-wave rectifier, Octal base *'''VS24''' – Directly heated remote-cutoff RF tetrode, British 4-pin base *'''W727''' = '''6BA6/EF93''' = '''5749''' – Remote-cutoff RF pentode, Miniature 7-pin base *'''X41''' – [[Pentagrid converter#Hexode|Triode/hexode mixer]] up to 60 MHz, designed as a [[drop-in replacement]] for the MX40 [[pentagrid converter]] :*'''X41c''' – X41 with a ceramic base for better frequency stability in [[Band I|VHF Band I]] TV tuners *'''X61''', '''X61M''' = '''6J8G''' – British triode/heptode mixer, Octal based *'''X63''' = '''6A8''' – Heptode pentagrid converter, Octal based *'''X727''' = '''6BE6/EK90''' = '''5750''' – Pentagrid converter, Miniature 7-pin base *'''Y61''', '''Y63''' = '''6U5G''' = Mullard '''VI103''' – ''Tuneray'' [[Magic eye tube|optical tuning/level indicator]], Octal base; similar to 6G5 *'''Z77''' = '''6AM6/EF91''' – Sharp-cutoff RF pentode, Miniature 7-pin base *'''ZA1''' (4 V heater), '''ZA2''' (6.3 V heater) – ''Acorn'' sharp-cutoff pentodes {{anchor|MOMP}}Marconi also traded some Mullard-Philips tubes, with a preceding letter '''M''': MAZ1, MAZ41, MDAC21, MDAF40, MDAF41, MDF21, MDK21, MDK40, MDL21, MDL41, MDM21, MEBC3, MEF5, MEF6, MEF9, MUBC41, MUF9, MUF41, MUL41, MUM4 {{Commons category-inline|Marconi vacuum tubes}} ====Mullard designations before 1934==== Older [[Mullard]] tubes were mostly designated '''PM''' ("Philips-Mullard"), followed by a number containing the filament voltage. Many later tubes were designated one to three semi-intuitive letters, followed by a number containing the heater voltage. This was phased out after 1934 when Mullard adopted the [[#Mullard–Philips system|{{color|Green|Mullard–Philips scheme}}]]. '''Examples:''' *'''2D4''' – Dual '''D'''iode with a '''4''' V/650 mA heater and a British 5-pin base *'''AP4''' = [[#4000s|{{color|Green|4676}}]] – ''[[Acorn tube|'''A'''corn]]'' UHF '''P'''entode up to 430 MHz, '''4''' Volts heater *'''AT4''' = [[#4000s|{{color|Green|4675}}]] – '''''A'''corn'' UHF '''T'''riode up to 430 MHz, '''4''' Volts heater *'''DA1''' (2 V/50 mA filament), '''DB1''' (1.5 V/70 mA filament) – Directly heated miniature AF triodes for use in [[hearing aid|'''D'''eaf '''A'''ids]]; cf. DC51, KC50, KC51, Marconi-Osram H11, H12 *'''DA2''' (2 V/50 mA filament), '''DA3''' (2 V/55 mA filament), '''DB3''' (1.5 V/70 mA filament) – Directly heated miniature AF power triodes for use in hearing aids; cf. DD51, KD50, Marconi-Osram L11, L12 *'''DAS1''' (2 V/60 mA filament), '''DBS1''' (1.5 V/70 mA filament) – Directly heated miniature AF tetrodes for use in hearing aids; cf. DF51, KE50, Marconi-Osram S12 *'''FC4''' – [[Pentagrid converter|Octode '''F'''requency '''C'''onverter]] with a '''4''' V/650 mA heater and a British 7-pin base with g4 on top cap; similar to the Marconi-Osram MX40 heptodeFC4 on [http://www.r-type.org/exhib/aad0212.htm r-type.org] *'''FC13''' – FC4 with a '''13''' V/200 mA heater and a side-contact 8 base :*'''FC13C''' – FC13 with a British 7-pin base *'''Pen20''' – Power '''Pen'''tode with a '''20''' V/180 mA heater and a British 5- or 7-pin base *'''PM254''' = M-OV '''P425''' – "Super Power" triode with a '''4''' V/200 mA battery heater and a British 4-pin base *'''TDD4''' = M-OV '''MHD4''' = EdiSwan '''AC/HLDD''' – '''T'''riode + dual '''D'''iode with a '''4''' V/550 mA heater and a British 7-pin base *'''TH21C''' – [[Pentagrid converter#Hexode|'''T'''riode/'''H'''exode mixer]] with a '''21''' V/200 mA series heater and a British 7-pin base *'''TP4''' = EdiSwan '''AC/TP''' – '''T'''riode + '''P'''entode with a '''4''' V/1.25 A heater and a British 7-pin base *'''VP2''' = M-OV '''VP21''' = '''VP215''' – '''V'''ariable-mu '''P'''entode with a '''2''' V/180 mA heater and a British 7-pin base {{Commons category-inline|Mullard vacuum tubes}} ====[[Philips]] system before 1934==== The system consisted of one letter followed by 0 or 1 or 3 or 4 digits. It was phased out after 1934 when Philips adopted the [[#Mullard–Philips system|{{color|Green|Mullard–Philips scheme}}]]. 1st letter: Heater current *'''A''' – 60...90 mA *'''B''' – 100...190 mA (This designation lived on as the "B" ([[#180mADC|{{color|Green|180 mA}}]]) in the [[#Mullard–Philips system|{{color|Green|Mullard–Philips system}}]]) *'''C''' – 200...390 mA (This designation lived on as the "C" (200 mA) in the Mullard–Philips system) *'''D''' – 400...690 mA *'''E''' – 700...1390 mA *'''F''' – 1.4...2 A For the earliest tubes, this letter was optionally followed by a sequentially assigned, single digit ([[#O1915|{{color|Green|examples}}]]); later tubes were assigned numbers according to the following scheme: 1 or 2 digit(s): Heater voltage Last 2 digits: Type *'''00'''–'''40''', '''99''': Triode amplification factor *'''41'''–'''98''': :*second-last digit: sequentially assigned, starting at '''4''' :*last digit: ::*'''1''' – ''Bi-grille'',[http://www.r-type.org/articles/art-094.htm The Bi-Grid Valve - A Needless Invention?] on r-type.org a tetrode with a [[Tetrode#Space charge grid tube|space charge grid]] (the 2nd grid is the control grid) ::*'''2''' – Tetrode with a screen grid (the 1st grid is the control grid) ::*'''3''' – Power pentode ::*'''4''' – ''Binode'', a diode+triode or diode+tetrode ::*'''5''' – Remote-cutoff RF tetrode ::*'''6''' – Signal pentode ::*'''7''' – Remote-cutoff RF pentode ::*'''8''' – Sharp-cutoff hexode mixer ::*'''9''' – Remote-cutoff hexode mixer '''Examples:'''{{cite web |url=https://www.radiomuseum.org/forumdata/upload/Tubes%20of%20Drozdov.pdf |title=Справочник по западно-европейским приёмным лампам (West-European receiving tubes) |year=1948 |author=Дроздов, К. И. |language=ru |access-date=1 May 2017}} *'''A106''' – Directly heated triode, 1 V, 60 mA filament, amplification factor = 6 *'''A425''' = '''RE034''' = '''HR406''' – RF triode, 4 V, 60 mA filament *'''A435''' – Directly heated triode, 4 V, 60 mA filament, amplification factor = 35 *'''A441''' – Directly heated tetrode with a space charge grid, 4 V, 60 mA filament *'''A442''' = '''RES094''' = '''S406''' – Directly heated tetrode with a screen grid, 4 V, 60 mA filament *'''B409''' = '''RE134''' = '''L414''' – Triode, 4 Volt, 140 mA filament *'''B2038''' = '''REN1821''' = '''R2018''' = '''A2118''' – Triode, 180 mA heater *'''B2043''' = '''RENS1823D''' = '''PP2018D''' = '''L2318D''' – Indirectly heated power pentode, 20 V, 180 mA DC series heater *'''B2044''' = '''RENS1854''' = '''DS2218''' – Indirectly heated diode + tetrode, 20 V, 180 mA DC series heater :*'''B2044S''' = '''REN1826''' – Indirectly heated diode + triode, 20 V, 180 mA DC series heater *'''B2045''' = '''RENS1819''' – Indirectly heated remote-cutoff RF tetrode, 20 V, 180 mA DC series heater *'''B2048''' = '''RENS1824''' = '''MH2018''' – Hexode mixer, 20 V, 180 mA heater *'''B2099''' = '''REN1814''' – Indirectly heated triode, 20 V, 180 mA DC series heater, amplification factor = 99 *'''E443H''' = '''RES964''' = '''PP4101''' = '''L496D''' = '''RTP4''' = '''P435''' – Power pentode, 4 V heater *'''E446''' = '''RENS1284''' = '''HP4101''' – Indirectly heated RF pentode, 4 V, 1.1 A heater [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:E446 (vacuum tube)|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''E447''' = '''RENS1294''' = '''HP4106''' – Indirectly heated remote-cutoff RF pentode, 4 V, 1.1 A heater *'''E448''' = '''RENS1224''' = '''MH4100''' – Indirectly heated sharp-cutoff hexode mixer, 4 V, 1.2 A heater *'''E449''' = '''RENS1234''' = '''FH4105''' – Indirectly heated remote-cutoff hexode mixer, 4 V, 1.2 A heater *'''F215''' – Indirectly heated triode, 2.5 V, 1.5 A heater, amplification factor = 15 {{Commons category-inline|Philips vacuum tubes}} {{Commons category-inline|Philips gas discharge tubes}} {{anchor|PhilipsBases}}From 1924 to 1939, Philips printed a basing code on [[commons:Category:Vacuum tube boxes|tube cartons]] and price lists, but not on the tubes themselves.{{rp|228}} Socket designations such as "A-type" or "P-base" refer to this code, which was later (1950s) expanded to a [[#Bases|{{color|Green| format}}]]: *'''A''' – 4-pin Continental European base, originally Franco-British *'''B''' – 4-pin Telefunken base (1920s);{{cite web |url=http://www.4tubes.com/3-BOOKS/BOOKS-LITERATURE/NEDERLANDS/Philips-Buizen-1927.pdf |title=Philips Buizen 1927 |language=nl |year=1927 |access-date=9 May 2021}}{{rp|16f}} later 6-pin Continental European base (1930s){{rp|15}} *'''C''' – American UV base (1920s); later 7-pin Continental European base (1930s) *'''D''' – 5-pin French base, used on ''bi-grille'' tetrodes *'''E''' – 4-pin French [[Radiotechnique|''Radiola'']] base (1920s); later 7-pin Medium American base (1930s) *'''F''' – 4-stub American [[#With a 3.3 Volts DC filament|{{color|Green|UV-199}}]]-type base *'''G''' – 4-pin American base (UX) *'''H''' – 3-pin Continental European base *'''J''' – 6-pin American base *'''K''' – Octal base *'''L''' – 5-pin Special base{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/other/Philips/PMCPBFV1939.pdf |title=Philips Miniwatt Comparative Pocketbook For Valves 1939 |edition=6 |date=January 1939 |access-date=7 April 2021}}{{rp|91}} *'''M''' – 4-pin American [[WD-11]]-type base (1920s); later 7-pin British base (1930s) *'''N''' – American UY base (1920s); later 5-pin American base (1930s) *'''O''' – 5-pin Continental European base *'''P''' – Side-contact 8 base *'''Q''' – 7-pin Special base{{rp|91}} *'''R''' – 9-pin British base{{rp|91}} *'''S''' – 4-pin Subminiature [[hearing aid]] base{{rp|91}} *'''T''' – 9-pin all-glass Continental European base *'''U''' – 6-pin Special base{{rp|90}} *'''V''' – Side-contact 5 base *'''W''' – 4-pin Special base{{rp|91}} *'''X''' – ''[[Acorn tube]]'' *'''Y''' – 8-pin Continental European base, originally German ''steel tubes'' {{H:title|also known as|aka}} "German Metal Octal" On cartons and tube lists, this basing code was followed by a number giving the maximum envelope diameter in mm ====STC/Brimar receiving tubes system==== "'''''Bri'''tish '''M'''anufactured '''A'''merican '''R'''adio''" (tubes) used all American designations; [[Standard Telephones and Cables|STC]] used the following system: First number: Type *'''1''' – Half-wave rectifier *'''2''' – Diode *'''3''' – Power triode *'''4''' – [[Control grid#Effects of grid position|High-mu]] triode *'''5''' – [[Cut-off (electronics)|Sharp-cutoff]] tetrode *'''6''' – Vari-mu tetrode *'''7''' – Power or video pentode *'''8''' – Sharp-cutoff RF pentode *'''9''' – Vari-mu RF pentode *'''10''' – Dual diode *'''11''' – Triode + dual diode *'''12''' – AF Pentode + dual diode *'''13''' – Dual high-mu triode *'''14''' – Dual [[Power amplifier classes#Class B|Class-B]] power triode *'''15''' – Heptode *'''16''' – DC-coupled power triode *'''17''' – RF pentode + dual diode *'''18''' – Pentode + triode *'''20''' – Triode/hexode or triode/heptode mixer Next letter: Heater rating *'''A''' – 3.6 to 4.4 V Indirectly heated *'''B''' – 2 V Directly heated *'''C''' – Directly heated other than 2 or 4 V *'''D''' – All other heater ratings, indirectly heated other than 4 V Number: Sequentially assigned number '''Examples:''' *'''1D6''' – Indirectly heated, half-wave rectifier, British 5-pin base *'''4D1''' – Indirectly heated triode, British 7-pin base *'''7A3''' – Indirectly heated power pentode, British 7-pin base *'''8A1''' – Indirectly heated RF sharp-cutoff pentode, British 5-pin base with anode top cap *'''9A1''' – Indirectly heated RF/IF remote-cutoff pentode, British 5-pin base with anode top cap *'''10D1''' – Indirectly heated, common cathode dual diode, British 5-pin base *'''11A2''' – Indirectly heated, common cathode dual diode + triode, British 7-pin base *'''13D3''' – Indirectly heated, common cathode dual triode, Noval base *'''15A2''' – Indirectly heated, heptode [[pentagrid converter]], British 7-pin base *'''20D4''' – Indirectly heated, triode/heptode mixer, Noval base ====Valvo system before 1934==== Valvo([[:de:Valvo|de]], [[:it:Valvo|it]]) was a major German electronic components manufacturer from 1924 to 1989; a Philips subsidiary since 1927, Valvo was one of the predecessors of [[NXP Semiconductors]]. The system consisted of one or two letters followed by 3 or 4 digits. It was phased out after 1934 when Valvo adopted the [[#Mullard–Philips system|{{color|Green|Mullard–Philips scheme}}]]. First letter(s): Type{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/other/docs/CatalogDeTuburiElectronice1956.pdf |title=Catalog De Tuburi Electronice (31MB) |language=ro |publisher=[[:ro:Editura Tehnică|Editura Tehnikă Bukurești]] |year=1956 |author1=Georgescu, Aurel |author2=Golea, Ion |access-date=10 September 2017}} *'''A''' – Triode *'''AN''' – ''Binode'', a diode+triode or diode+tetrode *'''G''' – Rectifier *'''H''' – RF tube *'''L''' – Power tube *'''LK''' – Power amplifier *'''U''' – Triode with a [[Tetrode#Space charge grid tube|space charge grid]] *'''W''' – Triode for resistor-coupled amplifiers *'''X''' – Hexode Number: *If the first digit is '''4''', the tube has a 4 V heater *Otherwise, the last two digits give the heater current in tens of mA. A following letter '''D''' indicates more than one grid, not counting a space charge grid '''Examples:''' *'''A2118''' = '''B2038''' = '''REN1821''' = '''R2018''' – Triode, 180 mA (=18 × 10 mA) heater *'''H2018D''' = '''B2042''' = '''RENS1820''' = '''S2018''' – RF Tetrode, 180 mA heater *'''L496D''' = '''E443H''' = '''RES964''' = '''PP4101''' = '''RTP4''' = '''P435''' – Power pentode, 4 V heater *'''L2318D''' = '''B2043''' = '''RENS1823D''' = '''PP2018D''' – Power pentode, 180 mA heater {{Commons category-inline|Valvo vacuum tubes}} {{Commons category-inline|Valvo gas discharge tubes}} ===East European systems=== ====Lamina transmitter tube system==== Polish [[Unitra|Lamina]]([[:pl:Lamina|pl]]) transmitter tube designations consist of one or two letters, a group of digits and an optional letter and/or two digits preceded by a "/" sign. The first letter indicates the tube type, two equal letters denoting a dual tube: *'''P''' – Pentode *'''Q''' – Tetrode *'''T''' – Triode A group of digits represents the maximum anode power dissipation in kW An optional letter specifies the cooling method: *'''''' – Radiation *'''P''' – Forced-air *'''W''' – Water The first of the two digits after the "/" sign means: *'''1''' – Tube for radio broadcasting and radiocommunication equipment *'''2''' – Tube for industrial equipment *'''3''' – Tube used in TV broadcasting equipment *'''4''' – Tube for radiocommunication equipment with unbalanced modulation *'''5''' – Modulator or pulse tube The second digit after the "/" is sequentially assigned. '''Examples:''' *'''Q01''' – Power tetrode up to 125 MHz, 0.1 kW (=100 W) *'''Q3.5''' – Power tetrode up to 220 MHz, 3.5 kW *'''QQ-004/11''' – Dual beam power tetrode up to 500 MHz, 0.04 kW (=40 W) *'''T01''' – Power triode up to 200 MHz, 135 W *'''T015/21''' – Power triode up to 150 MHz, 150 W *'''T02''' – Power triode up to 60 MHz, 200 W *'''T05P/31''' – Forced-air cooled power triode up to 1 GHz, 1 kW *'''T2/22''' – Power triode up to 60 MHz, 3 kW *'''T6''' – Power triode up to 30 MHz, 6 kW *'''T8P/21''' – Forced-air cooled power triode up to 120 MHz, 8 kW *'''T10P/22''' – Power triode up to 30 MHz, 10 kW *'''T-25P''' – Forced-air cooled power triode up to 30 MHz, 25 kW *'''T60W/21''' – Water-cooled power triode up to 30 MHz, 6 kW {{Commons category-inline|Lamina vacuum tubes}} {{Commons category-inline|Lamina gas discharge tubes}} ====RFT transmitter tube system==== Rundfunk- und Fernmelde-Technik([[:de:Rundfunk- und Fernmelde-Technik|de]], [[:sv:RFT|sv]]) was the brand of a group of telecommunications manufacturers in the German Democratic Republic. The designation consists of a group of three letters and a group of three or four digits. The first two letters determine the tube type: *'''GR''' – Rectifier tube *'''SR''' – Transmitter tube *'''VR''' – Amplifier tube The third letter specifies the cooling method: *'''L''' – Forced-air *'''S''' – Radiation *'''V''' – Vapor (the anode is immersed in evaporating water, and the steam is collected, condensed and recycled) *'''W''' – Water The first digit (or the first two digits in double tubes) indicates the number of electrodes: *'''2''' – Diode *'''3''' – Triode *'''4''' – Tetrode *'''5''' – Pentode The last two digits are sequentially assigned. '''Examples:''' *'''GRS251''' – Radiation-cooled 25 kV/300 mA rectifier *'''SRL/W314''' – Forced-air/water-cooled triode up to 30 MHz, 12 kW *'''SRL364''' – Forced-air cooled triode up to 175 MHz, 14 kW *'''SRL458''' – Forced-air cooled tetrode up to 790 MHz, 10 kW *'''SRL462''' – Forced-air cooled tetrode up to 30 MHz, 25 kW *'''SRS301''' – Radiation-cooled triode up to 40 MHz, 900 W *'''SRS362''' – Radiation-cooled triode up to 100 MHz, 1.25 kW *'''SRS401''' – Radiation-cooled tetrode up to 120 MHz, 1 kW *'''SRS464''' – Radiation-cooled, vibration-resistant pulse tetrode up to 300 kW *'''SRS4451''' – Radiation-cooled dual tetrode up to 500 MHz, 60 W *'''SRS4452''' = '''QQE03/20''' = '''6252''' – Radiation-cooled dual tetrode up to 600 MHz, 20 W *'''SRS4452''' – Radiation-cooled dual tetrode up to 600 MHz, 20 W *'''SRS4453''' – Pulse version of the SRS4451 *'''SRS501''' – Radiation-cooled pentode up to 50 MHz, 100 W *'''SRS552N''' = '''[[GU-50|ГУ-50]]''' – Radiation-cooled pentode up to 120 MHz, 50 W *'''SRV355''' – Vapor-cooled triode up to 30 MHz, 50 kW *'''SRW353''' – Water-cooled tetrode up to 220 MHz, 15 kW *'''VRS303''' – Radiation-cooled AF triode, 1 kW *'''VRS328''' – Radiation-cooled AF triode, 150 W *'''VRS331''' – Radiation-cooled AF triode, 450 W '''Note:''' RFT used the [[#Mullard–Philips system|{{color|Green|Mullard–Philips}}]] and [[#RETMA receiving tubes system (1953)|{{color|Green|RETMA}}]] schemes for their low-power tubes. —Microwave tubes: *'''HKR''' – [[Sutton tube|Reflex Klystron]] *'''HMD''' – [[Continuous wave|CW]] [[Magnetron]] *'''HMI''' – Pulse Magnetron *'''HRO''' – [[Backward-wave oscillator]] *'''HSE''' – [[Duplexer|TR cell]] *'''HSS''' – ATR cell *'''HT''' – Triode *'''HTG''' – Triode oscillator *'''HWE''' – Signal [[traveling-wave tube]] *'''HWL''' – Power traveling-wave tube Then a sequentially assigned number, the first one or two digits of which give the frequency in GHz. {{Commons category-inline|RFT vacuum tubes}} ====[[Tesla (Czechoslovak company)|Tesla]] systems==== =====Signal tubes===== Besides the genuine [[#Mullard–Philips system|{{color|Green|Mullard–Philips system}}]], Tesla also used an M-P/[[#RETMA receiving tubes system (1953)|{{color|Green|RETMA}}]] hybrid scheme: First number: Heater voltage, as in the RETMA system Next letter(s): Type, [[subset]] of the Mullard–Philips system Next digit: Base *'''1''' – K8A Octal *'''2''' – B8G Loctal *'''3''' – B7G Miniature 7-pin *'''4''' – B9A Noval *'''5''' – Special, mostly 9 out of 10 1.25mm pins on a 25mm-diameter circle *'''6''' – B11A Submagnal *'''7''' – B12A Duodecal *'''8''' – B14A Diheptal *'''9''' – Pigtails Last digit: Sequentially assigned number '''Examples:''' *'''1M90''' = DM70/1M3 – Subminiature indicator tube, 1.4 V/25 mA filament, all-glass pigtailed *'''1Y32''' – Miniature 7-pin [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] [[High voltage|EHT]] rectifier with 1.4 V/265 mA filament :*'''1Y32T''' – 1Y32 with internal X-radiation shielding *'''4L20''' – Directly heated RF power pentode, center-tapped 4.2 V/325 mA filament; Soviet 4П1Л (↦4P1L), German RL4,2P6 with Loctal base *'''6B31''' – Dual diode up to 700 MHz, 6.3 V/300 mA heater, Miniature 7-pin base *'''6BC32''' = 6AV6/EBC91 – Dual diode + triode, 6.3 V/300 mA heater, Miniature 7-pin base *'''6CC31''' = 6J6/ECC91 – Dual VHF triode up to 600 MHz, 6.3 V/450 mA heater, Miniature 7-pin base *'''6CC42''' = 2C51 = 6Н3П↦[[6N3P]] (5670) – VHF dual triode, 6.3 V/350 mA heater, Noval base *'''6F24''' – Telecom pentode, 6.3 V/450 mA heater, Loctal base *'''6F36''' = 6AH6 = 6Ж5П↦6J5P – Sharp-cutoff IF/video pentode, 6.3 V/450 mA heater, Miniature 7-pin base *'''6H31''' = 6BE6/EK90 = 6А2П↦6A2P – Heptode mixer, 6.3 V/300 mA heater, Miniature 7-pin base *'''6L31''' = 6AQ5/EL90 – Power pentode, 6.3 V/450 mA heater, Miniature 7-pin base *'''6L41''' = 5763 = 6П1П↦6P1P – Beam power tetrode, 6.3 V/750 mA heater, Noval base *'''35Y31''' – Half-wave rectifier, 35 V/150 mA series heater; UY1N with Miniature 7-pin base =====Power tubes===== First letter: *'''R''' – Rectifier or RF tube *'''U''' – Gas-filled power rectifier *'''Z''' – Modulator tube Next letter(s): Type, [[subset]] of the [[#Mullard–Philips system|{{color|Green|Mullard–Philips scheme}}]] Next number: Anode dissipation in W (if radiation-cooled) or kW (otherwise) The next letter specifies the cooling method: *'''''' – Radiation *'''V''' – Vapor *'''X''' – Forced-air *'''Y''' – Water '''Examples:''' *'''RA0007A''' (Octal base), '''RA0007B''' (Noval base) – 600 V, 700 µA Directly heated, [[Thermionic emission|thermally-limited (=''saturated'') emission]] diode, 1.4 V/3.5 Amax uncoated tungsten filament, usable as a heating current-controlled, variable series resistor in voltage/current stabilizer circuits, or as an [[True RMS converter|RMS heating current-to-DC anode current converter]], or as a [[Noise generator|noise diode]]; cf. 5845, YA1000 [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:RA0007A|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''RA025B''' – 20 kV, 250 mA Half-wave rectifier with an E40 ''Goliath'' Edison screw lamp base and an anode screw top cap *'''RA05A''' – 25 kV, 700 mA Half-wave rectifier with an E40 ''Goliath'' Edison screw lamp base and an anode screw top cap *'''RA7YB''' – 25 kV, 7 A Half-wave rectifier *'''RA100A''' – 40 kV, 100 mA Half-wave rectifier with an E40 ''Goliath'' Edison screw lamp base and an anode top cap *'''RC5B''' – ''Bowl''-type UHF power triode up to 5 W *'''RD27AS''' – Radiation-cooled power triode up to 25 MHz, 27 W *'''RD200B''' – Radiation-cooled power triode up to 60 MHz, 200 W *'''RD300S''' – Radiation-cooled power triode up to 200 MHz, 300 W *'''RD1XB''' – Water-cooled power triode up to 30 MHz, 1 kW *'''RD1.5XA''' – Air-cooled power triode up to 30 MHz, 1.5 kW *'''RD2XF''' – Air-cooled power triode up to 150 MHz, 2 kW *'''RD3XL''' – Air-cooled power triode up to 30 MHz, 2 kW *'''RD5XF''' – Air-cooled power triode up to 100 MHz, 5 kW *'''RD5YA''' – Water-cooled power triode up to 20 MHz, 5 kW *'''RD8XA''' – Air-cooled power triode up to 3 MHz, 8 kW *'''RD12XB''' – Air-cooled power triode up to 30 MHz, 12 kW *'''RD12YB''' – Water-cooled power triode up to 30 MHz, 12 kW *'''RD18YA''' – Water-cooled power triode up to 30 MHz, 18 kW *'''RD20VL''' – Vapor-cooled power triode up to 100 MHz, 20 kW *'''RD20XF''' – Air-cooled power triode up to 30 MHz, 20 kW *'''RD50VL''' – Vapor-cooled power triode up to 100 MHz, 50 kW *'''RD50XA''' – Air-cooled power triode up to 3 MHz, 50 kW *'''RD50YA''' – Water-cooled power triode up to 10 MHz, 50 kW *'''RD75YB''' – Water-cooled power triode up to 3 MHz, 75 kW *'''RD150YA''' – Water-cooled power triode up to 3 MHz, 150 kW *'''RE40AK''' = '''[[KT88]]''' *'''RE65A''' – Radiation-cooled beam power tetrode up to 260 MHz, 65 W *'''RE125C''' – Radiation-cooled beam power tetrode up to 235 MHz, 125 W *'''RE400C''' – Radiation-cooled beam power tetrode up to 235 MHz, 400 W *'''RE1000F''' – Radiation-cooled beam power tetrode up to 150 MHz, 1 kW *'''RE041XL''' – Air-cooled beam power tetrode up to 250 MHz, 500 W *'''RE0125XL''' – Air-cooled beam power tetrode up to 500 MHz, 150 W *'''RE025XA''' – Air-cooled beam power tetrode up to 500 MHz, 250 W *'''RE1.5XL''' – Air-cooled beam power tetrode up to 250 MHz, 2 kW *'''RE5XL''' – Air-cooled beam power tetrode up to 250 MHz, 5 kW *'''RE20XL''' – Air-cooled beam power tetrode up to 220 MHz, 20 kW *'''REE30A''' – Radiation-cooled dual beam power tetrode up to 250 MHz, 20 W *'''RL15A''' – Radiation-cooled power pentode up to 60 MHz, 20 W *'''RL40A''' – Radiation-cooled power pentode up to 120 MHz, 40 W *'''RL65A''' – Radiation-cooled power pentode up to 15 MHz, 65 W *'''UA025A''' – 10 kV, 250 mA Argon-filled, half-wave rectifier with an E27 Edison screw lamp base and an anode screw top cap *'''UA1A''' – 8 kV, 1 A Half-wave [[Mercury-arc valve|mercury-vapor rectifier]] with an E40 ''Goliath'' Edison screw lamp base and an anode screw top cap *'''UA3A''' – 11 kV, 3 A Half-wave mercury-vapor rectifier with an E40 ''Goliath'' Edison screw lamp base and an anode screw top cap *'''UA5A''' – 11 kV, 5 A Half-wave mercury-vapor rectifier with a 2-pin base and an anode screw top cap *'''ZD1000F''' – Radiation-cooled power triode up to 60 MHz, 1 kW *'''ZD1XB''' – Air-cooled AF power triode up to 1.2 kW *'''ZD3XH''' – Air-cooled power triode up to 60 MHz, 3 kW *'''ZD8XA''' – Air-cooled power triode up to 20 MHz, 8 kW *'''ZD12YA''' – Air-cooled AF power triode up to 20 MHz, 12 kW *'''ZE025XS''' – Air-cooled beam power tetrode up to 400 MHz, 250 W {{Commons category-inline|Tesla vacuum tubes}} {{Commons category-inline|Tesla gas discharge tubes}} ====Tungsram receiving tubes system before 1934==== The [[Tungsram]] system was composed of a maximum of three letters and three or four digits.{{cite web |url=https://www.jacmusic.com/techcorner/TUBE-DECODING/Tungsram-1925-1934.pdf |title=TUNGSRAM ELECTRON TUBE NUMBERING SYSTEM |year=2004 |access-date=1 May 2017}} It was phased out after 1934 when Tungsram adopted the [[#Mullard–Philips system|{{color|Green|Mullard–Philips scheme}}]], frequently preceding it with the letter '''T''', as in TAD1 for AD1. Letter: System type: :'''Note:''' A preceding letter '''A''' indicates an indirectly heated tube *'''D''' – Detector diode *'''DD''' – Dual diode *'''DG''' – Tetrode with a [[Tetrode#Space charge grid tube|space charge grid]] (the 2nd grid is the control grid) *'''DS''' – Diode + tetrode *'''FH''' – Remote-cutoff hexode [[pentagrid converter]] *'''G''' – Preamplifier triode *'''H''' – Signal triode or [[grid-leak detector]] *'''HP''' – RF pentode *'''HR''' – RF triode *'''L''' – AF power triode *'''MH''' – Hexode pentagrid converter *'''MO''' – Octode pentagrid converter *'''O''' – Transmitting tube *'''P''' – Power triode *'''PP''' – Power pentode *'''PV''' – Full-wave rectifier *'''R''' – High-Mu triode *'''S''' – Tetrode *'''V''' – Half-wave rectifier *'''X''' – US-licensed tube Number: *First digit (or the first two digits): Heater voltage *Remaining digits: Heater current in tens of mA, but the last digit is sequentially assigned '''Examples:''' *'''AS4100''' – Tetrode, 4 V, 1 A (=100 × 10 mA) indirect heater *'''FH4105''' = '''E449''' = '''RENS1234''' – Indirectly heated remote-cutoff hexode mixer, 4 V, 1.2 A heater *'''HP4101''' = '''E446''' = '''RENS1284''' – RF pentode, 4 V, 1 A filament *'''HP4106''' = '''E447''' = '''RENS1294''' – Indirectly heated remote-cutoff RF pentode, 4 V, 1.1 A heater *'''HR406''' = '''A425''' = '''RE034''' – RF triode, 4 V, 60 mA (=6 × 10 mA) filament *'''L414''' = '''B409''' = '''RE134''' – Triode, 4 Volt, 140 mA (=14 × 10 mA) filament *'''MH2018''' = '''B2048''' = '''RENS1824''' – Hexode mixer, 20 V, 180 mA (=18 × 10 mA) heater *'''MH4100''' = '''E448''' = '''RENS1224''' – Indirectly heated sharp-cutoff hexode mixer, 4 V, 1.2 A heater *'''PP2018D''' = '''B2043''' = '''RENS1823D''' = '''L2318D''' – Indirectly heated power pentode, 20 V, 180 mA DC series heater *'''PP4101''' = '''E443H''' = '''RES964''' = '''L496D''' = '''RTP4''' = '''P435''' – Power pentode, 4 V heater *'''PV4200''' – Full-wave rectifier, 4 V, 2 A (=200 × 10 mA) filament *'''R2018''' = '''B2038''' = '''REN1821''' = '''A2118''' – Triode, 180 mA heater *'''S406''' = '''A442''' = '''RES094''' – Directly heated tetrode with a screen grid, 4 V, 60 mA filament *'''S2018''' = '''B2042''' = '''RENS1820''' = '''H2018D''' – RF Tetrode, 180 mA heater {{Commons category-inline|Tungsram vacuum tubes}} ===Russian systems=== {{main article|Russian tube designations}} Vacuum tubes produced in the former Soviet Union and in present-day Russia are designated in Cyrillic. Some confusion has been created in transliterating these designations to Latin. ===={{anchor|RuC1}}1929 system==== The first system was introduced in 1929. It consisted of one or two letters and a sequentially assigned number with up to 3 digits First letter: System type: *'''Б''' ⟼ '''B''' – Power oscillator tube or [[Iron–hydrogen resistor|barretter]] *'''В''' ⟼ '''V''' – Rectifier ({{lang-ru|[[Wiktionary:выпрямлять|'''В'''ыпрями́тель]]}} "Rectifier") *'''Г''' ⟼ '''G''' – RF power tube ({{lang-ru|[[Wiktionary:генератор|'''Г'''енератор]] |links=no}} "Generator") *[[Zhe (Cyrillic)#Related letters and other similar characters|'''Ж''' ⟼ '''J''']] – Low-power oscillator tube *'''M''' ⟼ '''M''' – Modulator *'''Н''' ⟼ '''N''' – AF amplifier ({{lang-ru|[[Wiktionary:низкий|'''Н'''изкий]] |links=no}} "Low" [frequency]) *'''П''' ⟼ '''P''' – Receiver tube ({{lang-ru|[[Wiktionary:приёмная|'''П'''риёмная]] |links=no}} "Reception") *'''С''' ⟼ '''S''' – Special tube, such as a pentode or a [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] ({{lang-ru|[[Wiktionary:специальный|'''С'''пециальный]] |links=no}} "special") *'''Т''' ⟼ '''T''' – [[Radio frequency|Carrier frequency]] tube *'''У''' ⟼ '''U''' – Amplifier tube ({{lang-ru|[[Wiktionary:усилитель|'''У'''силитель]] |links=no}} "Amplifier") Second letter (optional): [[Hot cathode|Type of cathode]]: *'''Б''' ⟼ '''B''' – [[Barium]]-coated *'''К''' ⟼ '''K''' – [[Carburizing|Carburized]] *'''О''' ⟼ '''O''' – Oxide-coated *'''Т''' ⟼ '''T''' – [[Thorium|Thoriated]] *[[Tse (Cyrillic)#Related letters and other similar characters|'''Ц''' ⟼ '''C''']] – [[Caesium]]-coated Then a hyphen ("-"), followed by a sequentially assigned number '''Examples:'''[http://www.jogis-roehrenbude.de/Roehren-Geschichtliches/Geschichte_Russischer_Roehren/Geschichte_Russischer_Roehren.htm Die Geschichte der Russischen Roehren] (History of Russian tubes, in German)[http://www.jogis-roehrenbude.de/Roehren-Geschichtliches/Geschichte_Russischer_Roehren/tabl_lev38_1.pdf ОТЕЧЕСТВЕН НЫЕ ЛАМПЫ] (DOMESTIC TUBES) *'''ВО-116''', '''ВО-188''', '''ВО-202''' ⟼ '''VO-116''', '''VO-188''', '''VO-202''' – Full-wave rectifiers with an oxide-coated cathode *'''СБ-242''', '''СБ-244''', '''СО-241''' ⟼ '''SB-242''', '''SB-244''', '''SO-241''' – 2-volts directly heated tube set for budget-priced portable, battery-operated radios *'''СО-118''', '''СО-122''', '''СО-124''' ⟼ '''SO-118''' (Triode), '''SO-122''' (Power pentode), '''SO-124''' (Tetrode) – 4-volts indirectly heated tube set for premium radios *'''CO-148''' ⟼ '''SO-148''' – Variable-mu tetrode with an oxide-coated cathode *'''СО-242''' ⟼ '''SO-242''' – Heptode with an oxide-coated cathode *'''УБ-110''' ⟼ '''UB-110''' – Triode with a barium-coated cathode *'''УО-104''', '''УО-186''' ⟼ '''UO-104''', '''UO-186''' – Power triodes *'''СБ-154''', '''УБ-107''', '''УБ-110''', '''УБ-132''' ⟼ '''SB-154''', '''UB-107''', '''UB-110''', '''UB-132''' – Budget-priced, 4-volts directly heated power triodes In 1937, the Soviet Union purchased a tube assembly line from [[RCA#Motion pictures|RCA (who at the time had difficulties raising funds for their basic operations)]], including production licenses and initial staff training, and installed it on the [[Svetlana (company)|Светлана (Svetlana) plant]] in St. Petersburg, Russia. US-licensed tubes were produced since then under an adapted [[#RETMA receiving tubes system (1953)|{{color|Green|RETMA scheme}}]]. '''Examples:'''[http://www.jogis-roehrenbude.de/Roehren-Geschichtliches/Geschichte_Russischer_Roehren/tabl_lev38_3.pdf МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИЕ ЛАМПЫ] (METAL TUBES) *'''6Ф5''' = '''6F5''' – High-mu triode *'''6Ф6''' = '''6F6''' – Power pentode *'''6Х6''' = '''6H6''' – Dual diode *'''6Ж7''' = '''6J7/EF37''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode *'''6Л6''' = '''6L6''' – [[Beam tetrode|Beam power tetrode]] *'''6Л7''' = '''6L7''' – [[Pentagrid converter]] *'''6Н7''' = '''6N7''' – Dual power triode *'''6АЖ5''' = '''6AJ5''' – Low (6.3-80 V) anode voltage, sharp-cutoff pentode The Chinese 广州曙光无线电厂 ([[Guangzhou]] {{Visible anchor|Shuguang}} Radio Factory) did the reverse, adapting the GOST system (below) to Latin letters for some of their tubes.[https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/095/suppinfo/095.pdf Shuguang 1973 Tube Manual] (in Chinese) ===={{anchor|RuCS}}GOST standard tubes system==== In the 1950s a 5-element system ({{lang-ru|[[Wiktionary:государственный|'''Го'''сударственный]] [[Wiktionary:стандарт|'''Ст'''андарт]]}} "State standard" ГОСТ↦[[GOST]] 5461-59, later 13393-76) was adopted in the (then) Soviet Union for designating receiver vacuum tubes.[ftp://pti.kpi.ua/pub/electric/http/Oldradio/maillist/045.html ЭНЦИКЛОПЕДИЯ ЛАМПОВОЙ РАДИОАППАРАТУРЫ] (Encyclopedia of tubes for radio equipment){{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/other/docs/SovietElectronTubeManual.pdf |title=СПРАВОЧНИК ПО ЗЛЕКТРОВАКЧЧМНЫМ ПРИБОРАМ (HANDBOOK ON ELECTRONIC DEVICES) |year=1982 |author1=А.Л. Булыев |author2=В.И. Галкин |author3=В.А. Прохоренко |publisher=[[:ru:Беларусь (издательство)|БЕЛАРУСЬ]] |pages=10ff |language=ru |access-date=1 May 2017}} The '''1st element''' is a number specifying filament voltage in volts (rounded to the nearest whole number; 06 means 0.625 V) The '''2nd element is''' a Cyrillic character specifying the type of device: *'''А''' ⟼ '''A''' – [[Pentagrid converter]] *'''Б''' ⟼ '''B''' – Diode + [[pentode]] *'''В''' ⟼ '''V''' – Vacuum tube with [[Secondary emission#Special amplifying tubes|secondary emission]] *'''Г''' ⟼ '''G''' – Diode + [[triode]] *'''Д''' ⟼ '''D''' – Diode, including damper diodes *'''Е''' ⟼ '''Ye''' – [[Magic eye tube|Optical tuning/level indicator]] *'''Ж''' ⟼ '''J''' – [[Cut-off (electronics)|Sharp-cutoff]] pentode *'''И''' ⟼ '''I''' – [[Pentagrid converter#Hexode|Triode/hexode]], triode/heptode or triode/octode mixer *'''К''' ⟼ '''K''' – [[Control grid#Grid variations|Variable-mu]] (remote-cutoff) pentode *'''Л''' ⟼ '''L''' – [[Nonode]] *'''Н''' ⟼ '''N''' – Dual triode :*'''МН''' ⟼ '''MN''' – ''Mechanotron''-type([[:ru:Механотрон|ru]]) mechano-electronic displacement [[sensor]]{{cite web |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00981999 |author=Berlin, G.S. |publisher=Kluwer Academic Publishers - Plenum Publishers |pages=24–28 |volume=9 |date=September 1970 |title=''Mechanotron transducers and their use in measurement techniques'' |doi=10.1007/BF00981999 |format=PDF |access-date=1 May 2018}} *'''П''' ⟼ '''P''' – Power pentode or [[Beam tetrode|beam power tetrode]] *'''Р''' ⟼ '''R''' – Dual pentode or a dual [[tetrode]] *'''С''' ⟼ '''S''' – Triode *'''У''' ⟼ '''U''' – Power triode (was soon deprecated) *'''Ф''' ⟼ '''F''' – Triode + pentode *[[Kha (Cyrillic)#Related letters and other similar characters|'''Х''' ⟼ '''H''' or '''X''']] – Dual diode :*'''МХ''' ⟼ '''MH''' – ''Mechanotron''-type mechano-electronic displacement sensor :*'''МДХ''' ⟼ '''MDH''' – ''Mechanotron''-type mechano-electronic pressure sensor :*'''МУХ''' ⟼ '''MUH''' – ''Mechanotron''-type mechano-electronic rotation sensor *'''Ц''' ⟼ '''C''' – [[Rectifier#Diode vacuum tube (valve)|Kenotron]] *'''Э''' ⟼ '''E''' – Tetrode The '''3rd element''' is a sequentially assigned number – a series designator that distinguishes between different devices of the same type. The '''4th element''' denotes vacuum tube construction (base, envelope): *'''''' – All-metal tube *'''Д''' ⟼ '''D''' – ''Disk-[[Glass-to-metal seal|seal]]'' tube for UHF operation *'''Ж''' ⟼ '''J''' – ''[[Acorn tube]]'' *'''К''' ⟼ '''K''' – Ceramic/metal envelope *'''Л''' ⟼ '''L''' – Loctal base *'''М''' ⟼ '''M''' – Short envelope with an [[Tube socket#Octal|Octal base]] *'''Н''' ⟼ '''N''' – ''[[Nuvistor]]'' *'''П''' ⟼ '''P''' – All-glass Miniature 7-pin or Noval, envelope diameter {{cvt|3⁄4|or|7⁄8|in|mm|0|order=flip}} *'''Р''' ⟼ '''R''' – Subminiature all-glass envelope with flexible leads, diameter up to {{cvt|0.2|in|mm|0|order=flip}} *'''А''' ⟼ '''A''' – Subminiature all-glass envelope with flexible leads, diameter {{cvt|0.2|to|5⁄16|in|mm|0|order=flip}} *'''Б''' ⟼ '''B''' – Subminiature all-glass envelope with flexible leads, diameter {{cvt|5⁄16|to|0.4|in|mm|0|order=flip}} *'''Г''' ⟼ '''G''' – Glass envelope, diameter {{cvt|0.4|to|7⁄8|in|mm|0|order=flip}} *'''С''' ⟼ '''S''' – Glass envelope, diameter more than {{cvt|7⁄8|in|mm|0|order=flip}}, typically with an Octal base The '''5th element''' is optional. It consists of a hyphen ("-") followed by one or more characters denoting special characteristics; in most cases this means construction differences to the basic version (rather than a selection for those characteristics from the regular-quality production): —GOST 5461-59: *'''Р''' ⟼ '''R''' – Improved quality *'''ВР''' ⟼ '''VR''' – Increased reliability *'''ДР''' ⟼ '''DR''' – Very long life *'''ЕР''' ⟼ '''YeR''' – Long-life —GOST 13393-76: *'''В''' ⟼ '''V''' – Shock/vibration resistant *'''Д''' ⟼ '''D''' – Long-life (≥10000 h) *'''Е''' ⟼ '''Ye''' – Long-life (≥5000 h) *'''И''' ⟼ '''I''' – Pulse power tube *'''К''' ⟼ '''K''' – Low-[[microphonics]]/low-[[Noise (electronics)|noise]] For '''examples''' [[#RuS|{{color|Green|see below}}]] ===={{anchor|RuCP}}Professional tubes system==== There is another designation system for professional tubes such as transmitter ones.{{cite web |url=http://jeora.net/Valves/RoehrenNum.htm#Russian |title=Vacuum Tube Numbering Schemes, Bases & Bulbs |first1=Jürgen |last1=Ewert}} The '''1st element''': Function *'''БХ''', '''БХВ''', '''БСМ''', '''БСВ''' ⟼ '''BH''', '''BHV''', '''BSM''', '''BSV''' – [[X-ray tube]] *'''В''' ⟼ '''V''' – Vacuum power rectifier ({{lang-ru|[[Wiktionary:выпрямлять|'''В'''ыпрями́тель]] |links=no}}) :*'''ВГ''' ⟼ '''VG''' – Gas-discharge or mercury-vapor power rectifier :*'''ВИ''' ⟼ '''VI''' – Pulse power rectifier *'''Д''' ⟼ '''D''' – [[Gas-discharge lamp]] *'''Г''' ⟼ '''G''' – RF power tube ({{lang-ru|[[Wiktionary:генератор|'''Г'''енератор]] |links=no}} "Generator"), two-lettered with some notable exceptions such as the [[807 (vacuum tube)|Г807]] :*'''ГД''' ⟼ '''GD''' – [[Longwave]] tube ({{lang-ru|[[Wiktionary:длинный|'''Д'''линный]] |links=no}} "Long") :*'''ГК''' ⟼ '''GK''' – [[Shortwave radio|Shortwave]] tube (≤30 MHz; {{lang-ru|[[Wiktionary:короткий|'''К'''ороткий]] |links=no}} "Short") :*'''ГУ''' ⟼ '''GU''' – VHF tube (≤300 MHz; {{lang-ru|[[Wiktionary:ультра-|'''У'''льтра]]коро́ткий |links=no}} "Ultra-short" [wave tube]) :*'''ГС''' ⟼ '''GS''' – [[Microwave]] tube (>300 MHz; {{lang-ru|[[Wiktionary:сверх-|'''С'''верх]][[Wiktionary:высоко|высоко]][[Wiktionary:частотный|частотный]] |links=no}}) :*'''ГМ''' ⟼ '''GM''' – Modulator tube :*'''ГИ''' ⟼ '''GI''' – Impulse tube :*'''ГМИ''' ⟼ '''GMI''' – Pulse modulator tube :*'''ГП''' ⟼ '''GP''' – Power tube for use in shunt or series-pass voltage regulators :*'''ГПИ''' ⟼ '''GPI''' – Pulse power tube :*'''ГГ''' ⟼ '''GG''' – [[Rectifier#Plasma type|Gas-discharge rectifier]] :*'''ГР''' ⟼ '''GR''' – [[Mercury-arc valve|Mercury-vapor rectifier]] ({{lang-ru|[[Wiktionary:ртуть|'''Р'''туть]] |links=no}} "Mercury") :*'''ГШ''', '''ГШП''' ⟼ '''GSha''', '''GShaP''' – [[Noise generator|Noise diode]] ({{lang-ru|[[Wiktionary:шум|'''Ш'''ум]] |links=no}} "Noise") *'''ЕГ''', '''ОГ''' ⟼ '''YeG''', '''OG''' – [[Dekatron]] *'''И''' ⟼ '''I''' – [[Ignitron]] *'''К''', '''КУ''', '''КИУ''' ⟼ '''K''', '''KU''', '''KIU''' – ([[Sutton tube|Reflex]]-)[[Klystron]] *'''Л''' ⟼ '''L''' – [[Beam deflection tube]] incl. [[Cathode-ray tube|CRTs]] ({{lang-ru|[[Wiktionary:электрон|Электронно]]-[[Wiktionary:лучевой|'''л'''учевые]] [[Wiktionary:приборы|приборы]] |links=no}} "Electron beam device", "CRT") :Most CRT designations are preceded by a number giving the screen diagonal or diameter in cm (rounded-off to the nearest whole number) :*'''ЛИ''' ⟼ '''LI''' – [[Video camera tube]] or [[monoscope]] ({{lang-ru|[[Wiktionary:изобразить|'''И'''зобразить]] |links=no}} "to picture") :*'''ЛК''' ⟼ '''LK''' – CRT for TV with magnetic deflection ({{lang-ru|'''К'''инеско́п |links=no}}, meaning "[[:ru:Кинескоп|picture tube]]", not "[[Kinescope]]") :*'''ЛМ''' ⟼ '''LM''' – [[Plan position indicator|Radar CRT]], [[flying-spot scanner]], ''[[Skiatron]]'', etc. with magnetic deflection :*'''ЛН''' ⟼ '''LN''' – [[Storage tube]] ({{lang-ru|[[Wiktionary:накопить|'''Н'''акопить]] |links=no}} "to stockpile") :*'''ЛНС''' ⟼ '''LNS''' – [[Charactron|Typotron]] ({{lang-ru|[[Wiktionary:символ|'''С'''имвол]]; Знакопечатающая запоминающая трубка |links=no}} "Symbol/Character/Glyph"; "Typographic memory tube") :*'''ЛО''' ⟼ '''LO''' – CRT for oscilloscopes with [[electrostatic deflection]] :*'''ЛФ''' ⟼ '''LF''' – Analog [[function generator]] :*'''ЛП''' ⟼ '''LP''' – [[Trochotron]] ({{lang-ru|Электронно-лучевой [[Wiktionary:переключатель|'''п'''ереключатель]] |links=no}} "Electron beam switch") :*'''ЛС''' ⟼ '''LS''' – [[Charactron]] ({{lang-ru|Знакопечатающая трубка |links=no}} "Typographic tube") *'''М''' ⟼ '''M''' – [[Magnetron]] :*'''МИ''' ⟼ '''MI''' – Pulse magnetron :*'''МУ''', '''МИУ''' ⟼ '''MU''', '''MIU''' – [[Crossed-field amplifier]] *'''Н''' ⟼ '''N''' – ''[[Nuvistor]]'' *'''ОВ''', '''ОВС''' ⟼ '''OV''', '''OVS''' – [[Backward-wave oscillator|Backward-wave amplifier]] ({{lang-ru|[[Wiktionary:лампа|Ла́мпа]] [[Wiktionary:обратный|'''о'''бра́тной]] [[Wiktionary:волны|'''в'''олны́]] |links=no}}) *'''Р''', '''РБ''', '''РЭ''' ⟼ '''R''', '''RB''', '''RE''' – [[Spark gap]], [[surge arrester]] ({{lang-ru|[[Wiktionary:разрядка|'''Р'''азрядка]] |links=no}} "discharge") *'''СБМ''', '''СБС''', '''СБТ''', '''СИ''', '''СГМ''', '''СТС''' ⟼ '''SBM''', '''SBS''', '''SBT''', '''SI''', '''SGM''', '''STS''' – [[Geiger–Müller tube]] *'''СГ''' ⟼ '''SG''' – [[Voltage-regulator tube|Voltage reference]] *'''СТ''' ⟼ '''ST''' – [[Iron–hydrogen resistor|Barretter]] *'''Т''' ⟼ '''T''' – [[Thyratron]] :*'''ТГ''', '''ТГИ''' ⟼ '''TG''', '''TGI''' – Gas-filled thyratron :*'''ТР''' ⟼ '''TR''' – Mercury-vapor thyratron :*'''ТХ''', '''ТХИ''', '''МТХ''' ⟼ '''TH''', '''THI''', '''MTH''' – Gas-filled, cold-cathode thyratron ({{lang-ru|[[Wiktionary:холодный|'''Х'''олодный]]|links=no}} "Cold") *'''УВ''', '''УВИ''' ⟼ '''UV''', '''UVI''' – [[Traveling-wave tube|Forward-wave amplifier]] *'''Ф''' ⟼ '''F''' – [[Phototube]] :*'''ФЭК''' ⟼ '''FEK''' – High-speed pulse phototube with a coaxial output connector :*'''ФЭУ''' ⟼ '''FEU''' – [[Photomultiplier tube|Photomultiplier]] ({{lang-ru|'''Ф'''ото'''э'''лектронный [[Wiktionary:умножать|'''у'''множитель]] |links=no}}) *'''ЭМ''' ⟼ '''EM''' – [[Electrometer]] tube *'''ЭПЛ''' ⟼ '''EPL''' – Semiconductor/tube hybrid ({{lang-ru|'''Э'''лектронно-[[Wiktionary:полупроводник|'''п'''олупроводниковая]] '''л'''ампа |links=no}}) '''Next elements''': *Ignitrons, Rectifier tubes, Thyratrons: ::A digit ::Then a hyphen ("-"), followed by the anode current in A ::Then a slash ("/"), followed by the anode voltage in kV ::Then a letter specifying the cooling method: ::*'''''' – Radiation ::*'''А''' ⟼ '''A''' – Water *Transmitting tubes: ::A hyphen ("-"), followed by a sequentially assigned number ::Then a letter specifying the cooling method: ::*'''''' – Radiation ::*'''А''' ⟼ '''A''' – Water ::*'''Б''' ⟼ '''B''' – Air ::*'''К''' ⟼ '''K''' – Contact ::*'''П''' ⟼ '''P''' – Vapor *Phototubes and Photomultipliers: ::A hyphen ("-"), followed by a sequentially assigned number ::Then one or two letters: ::*'''В''' ⟼ '''V''' – Vacuum ::*'''Г''' ⟼ '''G''' – Gas-filled ::*'''С''' ⟼ '''S''' – Caesium-activated [[antimony]] [[photocathode|cathode]] ::*'''Ц''' ⟼ '''C''' – Caesium cathode For '''examples''' [[#RuP|{{color|Green|see below}}]] ===Japanese systems=== ====Older numbering system 1930s–40s==== A letter: Structure and usage{{cite web |url=https://radiomann.sakura.ne.jp/HomePageVT/Tube_Naming_System_Japan.htm |title=日本の真空管名称制度 (Tube Naming System Japan) |first1=Koji |last1=HAYASHI |first2=Ibaraki |last2=JAPAN |language=ja}} *'''E''' – Electron ray tube *'''K''' – [[Rectifier#Diode vacuum tube (valve)|Kenotron]] *'''U''' – General-purpose tube Then a letter: Base and outline *'''N''' – Pigtailed ([[Acorn tube]]s, etc.) *'''S''' – Octal glass or metal *'''T''' – [[#Envelopes|{{color|Green|ST}}]] large 7-pin *'''t''' – ST small 7-pin *'''V''' – 4-pin *'''X''' – S/ST 4-pin *'''x''' – Peanut 4-pin *'''Y''' – S/ST 5-pin *'''y''' – Peanut 5-pin *'''Z''' – S/ST 6-pin U6A Then a hyphen ("-"), followed by a sequentially assigned number or the designation of the American original Then an optional hyphen ("-"), followed by a letter: Variant '''Examples:'''{{cite web |url=https://radiomann.sakura.ne.jp/AJRtube.html |title=Gallery on Tubes/真空管展示室 |first1=Koji |last1=HAYASHI |first2=Ibaraki |last2=JAPAN |language=ja}} *'''EZ-6G5''' = '''6G5''' – [[Control grid#Grid variations|Variable-mu]] "Magic Eye"-type [[Magic eye tube|tuning indicator]] *'''KX-80-B''' – Kenotron *'''UN-954''' = '''954''' – Acorn sharp-cutoff pentode *'''UN-955''' = '''[[955 acorn triode|955]]''' – Acorn triode *'''US-6A8''' = '''6A8''' – [[Pentagrid converter]] *'''US-6L7G''' = '''6L7G''' – Pentagrid converter *'''UX-26-B''' – Medium-mu RF triode *'''UX-167''' – Sharp-cutoff RF pentode *'''UY-47B''' – Pentode *'''UZ-58-A''' – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode ====JIS C 7001 system==== [[Japanese Industrial Standards|JIS]] C 7001 was published in 1951 and modified in 1965 and 1970 A number: Heater voltage range, as in the [[#RETMA receiving tubes system (1953)|{{color|Green|RETMA scheme}}]] *'''1''' – 1 V ≤ Uf < 2 V *'''2''' – 2 V ≤ Uf < 2.5 V *'''3''' – 2.5 V ≤ Uf < 4 V *'''4''' – 4 V ≤ Uf < 5 V *'''5''' – 5 V ≤ Uf < 6 V *'''6''' – 6 V ≤ Uf < 7 V etc. Then a letter: Base and Outline *'''A''' – Special base *'''B''' – Other *'''C''' – Duodecar ([[Compactron]]) *'''D''' – Subminiature button base *'''E''' – Subminiature flat base *'''F''' – European 4-pin [[#Envelopes|{{color|Green|ST}}]] *'''G''' – Octal base glass tubular (GT) *'''H''' – Magnoval *'''K''' – Ceramic *'''L''' – Loctal *'''M''' – Miniature 7-pin *'''N''' – ''[[Nuvistor]]'' *'''Q''' – ''[[Acorn tube]]'' *'''R''' – Noval or Neonoval *'''T''' – Large 7-pin ST *'''W''' – 7-pin ST *'''X''' – 4-pin ST *'''Y''' – 5-pin ST *'''Z''' – 6-pin ST Then a hyphen ("-"), followed by a letter: Structure and usage *'''A''' – Power triode *'''B''' – Beam power tetrode *'''C''' – [[Pentagrid converter]] *'''D''' – Diode *'''E''' – [[Magic eye tube|Optical tuning/level indicator]] *'''G''' – [[Rectifier#Plasma type|Gas-discharge rectifier]] *'''H''' – High-mu triode ([[Gain (electronics)|μ]]>30) *'''K''' – [[Rectifier#Diode vacuum tube (valve)|Kenotron]] :*Even number after '''K''': Full-wave rectifier :*Odd number after '''K''': Half-wave rectifier *'''L''' – Low-mu triode (μ<30) *'''P''' – Power tetrode or pentode *'''R''' – Sharp-cutoff tetrode or pentode *'''S''' – Tetrode with a [[Tetrode#Space charge grid tube|space charge grid]] (the 2nd grid is the control grid) *'''T''' – [[Thyratron]] *'''V''' – Variable-mu (remote-cutoff) tetrode and pentode *'''X''' – Other Then a sequentially assigned number Then an optional letter: Variant '''Examples:''' *'''2N-H12''' – ''[[Nuvistor]]'' *'''2X-L2A''' – Low-mu triode *'''6C-A10''' – Power triode *'''6G-A4''' – Power triode *'''6G-B8''' – Beam power tetrode *'''6G-E12A''' – 2-channel "Magic Eye"-type [[Magic eye tube|tuning indicator]], rectangular target *'''6H-B26''' – Beam power tetrode *'''6M-DE1''' – Diode + "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, Miniature 7-pin base *'''6M-E4''' – "Magic Finger"-type tuning indicator, Miniature 7-pin base *'''6M-E5''' = '''6ME5''' – "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, Miniature 7-pin base *'''6M-E10''' – "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, Miniature 7-pin base *'''6N-H10''' – ''Nuvistor'' *'''6R-A8''' – Power triode *'''6R-B10''' – Beam power tetrode *'''6R-B11''' – Beam power tetrode ===Military naming systems=== ====British CV and M8000s naming systems==== This system prefixes a three- or four-digit number with the letters "CV", meaning "civilian valve" i.e. common to all three armed services. It was introduced during the Second World War to rationalise the previous nomenclatures maintained separately by the War Office/Ministry of Supply, Admiralty and Air Ministry/Ministry of Aircraft Production on behalf of the three armed services (e.g. "ACR~", "AR~", "AT~", etc. for [[Cathode-ray tube|CRTs]], receiving and transmitting valves used in army equipments, "NC~", "NR~" and "NT~" similarly for navy equipments and "VCR~", "VR~" and "VT~" etc. for air force equipments), in which three separate designations could in principle apply to the same valve (which often had at least one prototype commercial designation as well). These numbers generally have identical equivalents in both the North American, RETMA, and West European, Mullard–Philips, systems but they bear no resemblance to the assigned "CV" number. '''Examples:''' *CV1988 = [[6SN7]]GT = ECC32 (not a direct equivalent as heater current is different and envelope is larger) *CV2729 = E80F – An SQ version of EF80 but with revised pin-out and a base screen substituted for the RF screen The "CV4000" numbers identify special-quality valves though SQ valves CV numbered before that rule came in retain their original CV number: *CV4007 = E91AA – SQ version of 6AL5 *CV4010 = E95F – SQ version of [[6AK5]] or EF95 *CV4014 = M8083 The "M8" in the part number denotes that it was developed by the military: *M8083 – Sharp-cutoff pentode, Miniature 7-pin base (SQ version of EF91 = 6AM6 = Z77) *M8162 = 6060 – High-mu dual triode, for use as RF amplifier/mixer in VHF circuits, Noval base (SQ versions of ECC81 = [[12AT7]] = B309) The principle behind the CV numbering scheme was also adopted by the US Joint Army-Navy JAN numbering scheme which was later considerably expanded into the US Federal and then [[NATO Stock Number]] system used by all NATO countries. This part-identification system ensures that every particular spare part (not merely thermionic valves) receives a unique stock number across the whole of NATO irrespective of the source, and hence is not held inefficiently as separate stores. In the case of CV valves, the stock number is always of the format 5960-99-000-XXXX where XXXX is the CV number (with a leading 0 if the CV number only has 3 digits). ====U.S. naming systems==== One system prefixes a three-digit number with the letters "VT", presumably meaning "Vacuum Tube". Other systems prefix the number with the letters "JHS" or "JAN". The numbers following these prefixes can be "special" four-digit numbers, or domestic two- or three-digit numbers or simply the domestic North American "RETMA" numbering system. Like the British military system, these have many direct equivalents in the civilian types. Confusingly, the British also had two entirely different "VT" nomenclatures, one used by the Royal Air Force (see the preceding section) and the other used by the [[General Post Office]], responsible for post and telecommunications at the time, where it may have stood for "valve, telephone"; none of these schemes corresponded in any way with each other. '''Examples:''' *"VT" numbering systems :*North American '''VT90''' = '''6H6''' :*British (RAF) '''VT90''' – VHF Transmitting triode :*British (GPO) '''VT90''' = '''ML4''' = '''CV1732''' – Power triode :*'''VT104''' – RF pentode :*'''VT105''' – RF triode ===Other systems=== The oldest numbering systems date back to the early 1920s, such as a two-digit numbering system ([[#O1925|{{color|Green|examples}}]]), starting with the UV-201A, which was abbreviated as "type '01A", and extended almost continuously up into the 1980s. Since the 1930s, several proprietary systems exist. These tend to be used for devices for professional equipment. Some systems were used by only one manufacturer ([[#List of other letter tubes|{{color|Green|examples}}]]), who sometimes derived a letter prefix from the behavior of devices considered to be exceptional: *[[#BritishMazda|{{color|Green|Mazda/EdiSwan}}]] sold their first tubes for 4-volts AC mains transformer (as opposed to [[Battery (vacuum tube)|home storage battery]]) heating with the prefix '''AC/''' ([[#OEACediswan|{{color|Green|examples}}]]) *The first [[beam tetrode]]s manufactured in the UK in the late 1930s by [[#Marconi-Osram system|{{color|Green|M-OV}}]], carried a "KT" prefix meaning '''''K'''inkless '''T'''etrode'' ([[#MOKT|{{color|Green|examples}}]]) Other systems grew into informal standards adopted by many manufacturers: *'''[[#700s|{{color|Green|700s}}]]''' – Mainly [[Western Electric]] *'''[[#800s|{{color|Green|800s}}]]''' – Mainly [[RCA]] :*Low 800s – Mainly transmitter output types :*High 800s – Mainly (gas-filled) rectifiers and [[thyratron]]s *'''[[#900s|{{color|Green|900s}}]]''' – Mainly RCA :*Low 900s – Mainly phototubes and photomultipliers :*High 900s – Mainly [[Acorn tube]]s *'''[[#1600s|{{color|Green|1600s}}]]''' – Mainly RCA *'''[[#9000s|{{color|Green|9000s}}]]''' – Mainly RCA VHF/UHF tubes Use was not rigorously systematic; optional letter prefixes are mostly manufacturer's codes: *'''C''' – [[RCA]]/[[Elmer T. Cunningham|Cunningham]] [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:Cunningham vacuum tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''CK''', '''QK''', '''RK''' – [[Raytheon Technologies|Raytheon Company]] [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:Raytheon vacuum tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:Raytheon gas discharge tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''ECG''' – [[Philips]]/[[Sylvania Electric Products|Sylvania]] [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:Sylvania vacuum tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:Sylvania gas discharge tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''EM''' – [[Eimac|Eitel McCullough (Eimac)]] [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:Eimac vacuum tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''F''' – [[ITT Corporation|ITT]]/[[Federal Telegraph Company|Federal Telephone and Radio]] *'''GE''', '''GL''' – [[General Electric]] Corp. (''not'' British [[General Electric Company]]) [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:General Electric vacuum tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:General Electric gas discharge tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''HK''' – Heintz & Kaufman, Ltd. (San Francisco, California, USA) [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:Heintz & Kaufman vacuum tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''HY''' – [[CBS#Conglomerate|CBS]]/Hytron (Salem, Massachusetts, USA) *'''KU''' – ITT/Kuthe Laboratories (Newark, New Jersey, USA) *'''ML''' – [[Machlett Laboratories]], Inc. [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:Machlett Laboratories vacuum tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''NL''' – Eimac/National Electronics, Inc. (Geneva, Illinois, USA) *'''NU''' – National Union Electric Corp. (Orange, New Jersey, USA) [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:National Union Radio Corporation|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''PL''' – Philips N.V. [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:Philips vacuum tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:Philips gas discharge tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''RCA''' – RCA/Radiotron [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:RCA vacuum tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:RCA gas discharge tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''SV''' – [[Svetlana (company)|Светлана (Svetlana)]] [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:Svetlana vacuum tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''SY''' – [[Standard Telephones and Cables]] Australia branch, Sydney plant (''not'' Sylvania Inc.) *'''TH''' – [[Compagnie Française Thomson-Houston]] *'''WE''' – [[Western Electric]] Company [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:Western Electric vacuum tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''WL''' – [[Westinghouse Electric (1886)|Westinghouse Electric]] Corp. [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:Westinghouse vacuum tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:Westinghouse gas discharge tubes|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''XD''' – Central Electronic Manufacturers (Denville, New Jersey, USA) ==List of American ''RETMA'' tubes== '''Note:''' Typecode explained [[#RETMA receiving tubes system (1953)|{{color|Green|above}}]] ==='''0''' prefix - Gas-filled [[Cold cathode|cold-cathode]] tubes=== First character is numeric zero, not [[#O - No heater|{{color|Green|letter O}}]]. ====[[Voltage-regulator tube|Voltage stabilisers and references]]==== '''Notes:''' :*Used in a similar way to a [[Zener diode]], at higher voltages :*'''Miniature 7-pin-based regulators:''' Letter order (A-B-C) indicates decreasing voltage; cathode on pins 2, 4, 7; anode on pins 1, 5 :*'''Octal-based regulators:''' Letter order (A-B-C) indicates increasing voltage; cathode on pin 2; anode on pin 5; jumper between pins 3 and 7 to unpower the device when the regulator is pulled from its socket *'''0A2''' = '''150C2''' – 150 volt regulator, Miniature 7-pin base *'''0A3''' = '''VR75''' – 75 volt regulator, Octal base *'''0B2''' = '''108C1''' (6627) – 105 volt regulator, Miniature 7-pin base *'''0B3''' = '''VR90''' – 90 volt regulator, Octal base *'''0C2''' – 75 volt regulator, Miniature 7-pin base *'''0C3''' = '''VR105''' – 105 volt regulator, Octal base *'''0D3''' = '''VR150''' – 150 volt regulator, Octal base *'''0E3''' = '''85A1''' – 85 volt regulator, 3-pin base *'''0G3''' = '''85A2''' – 85 volt regulator, Miniature 7-pin base ====Trigger tubes==== *'''0A4G''' (Z300T) – 25 mAavg, 100 mApeak Gas triode designed for use as a [[Load management#Ripple control|ripple control]] receiver; with the cathode tied to the midpoint of a series-resonance [[LC circuit]] across live mains, it would activate a [[relay]] in its anode circuit while fres is present *'''0A5''' – 1 kV, 10 Apeak Gas triode with a keep-alive (primer) electrode and a shield grid, designed for relay drive and general switching service ====Rectifiers==== *'''0Y4''' – 40 ≤ I ≤ 75 mA Half-wave gas rectifier with a starter anode, 5-pin Octal base *'''0Z3''' – 30 ≤ I ≤ 75 mA Full-wave gas rectifier, 5-pin base. Used in [[vibrator (electronic)|vibrator]] power supplies in early automobile radio receivers *'''0Z4''' – 30 ≤ I ≤ 90 mA Argon-filled, full-wave gas rectifier, 5-pin Octal base. Widely used in vibrator power supplies in early automobile radio receivers ==='''1''' prefix - 1 volt filament/heater tubes=== ====1.25 volt DC filament subminiature tubes==== The following tubes were used in post-World War II [[walkie-talkie]]s and pocket-sized portable radios. All have 1.25 volt DC filaments and directly heated cathodes. Some specify which end of the filament is to be powered by the positive side of the filament power supply (usually a battery). All have glass bodies ca. {{cvt|0.366|–|0.4|in|mm|0}} (round) resp. {{cvt|0.285|by|0.366|–|0.4|in|mm|0}} (elliptical) in diameter, and {{cvt|1+1⁄8|to|2|in|mm|0}} in length *'''1AC5''' – Power pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails *'''1AD4/DF62''' – [[Cut-off (electronics)|Sharp-cutoff]] pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails *'''1AD5''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base *'''1AE5''' – Heptode mixer, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails *'''1AG4''' – Power pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails *'''1AG5''' – Diode + pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails *'''1AH4''' – RF pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails *'''1AJ5''' – Diode + sharp-cutoff pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails *'''1AK4''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails *'''1AK5''' – Diode + sharp-cutoff pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails *'''1C8''' – Heptode [[pentagrid converter]], all-glass round cross-section body and circular 8-pin/pigtails base *'''1D3''' – [[Control grid#Effects of grid position|Low-mu]] UHF triode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base *'''1E8''' – Heptode pentagrid converter, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base *'''1Q6''' – Diode + pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base *'''1S6''' – Diode + pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base *'''1T6''' – Diode + pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base *'''1V5''' – Power pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base *'''1V6/DCF60''' – Oscillator/mixer triode/pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 7-pin base, long pigtails *'''1W5''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base More of these tubes are listed as equivalents under M-P ''[[#D - 1.4 V filament/heater|{{color|Green|'''D''' - 1.4 V filament/heater}}]]'' ====1.4 volt DC filament/heater tubes==== *'''1A3/DA90''' – Indirectly heated FM discriminator diode, Miniature 7-pin base, 1.4 V/150 mA heater. Used as a detector in some portable AM/FM receivers *'''1A7GT/DK32''' – Heptode [[pentagrid converter]], re-engineered variant of types 1A6 and 1D7-G, designed for use in ''Three-way portable'' (AC/DC/Dry-cell battery) radios introduced in 1938. Has 1.4 V/50 mA filament *'''1B7GT''' – Heptode pentagrid converter, re-engineered variant of types 1C6 and 1C7-G, designed for use in dry-cell battery radios with shortwave bands. Has 1.4 V/100 mA filament *'''1G6G''' – Dual power triode. "GT" version also available *'''[[1L6]]''' – Heptode pentagrid converter for battery radios with 50 mA filament *'''1LA6''' (Loctal) and later '''1L6''' (Miniature 7-pin) – Battery heptode pentagrid converter for [[Zenith Electronics|Zenith]] [[Trans-Oceanic]] [[shortwave radio]], 50 mA filament *'''1LB6''' – Heptode pentagrid converter for battery-operated radios *'''1LC6''' – 1LA6 with higher conversion [[transconductance]] *'''1R5/DK91''' – Heptode pentagrid converter, anode voltage in the 45...90 volt range *'''1S4/DL91''' – Power pentode [[Power amplifier classes#Class A|Class-A]] amplifier, anode voltage in the 45...90 volt range *'''1S5/DAF91''' – Diode + [[Cut-off (electronics)|sharp-cutoff]] pentode Class-A amplifier, used as detector and first AF stage in battery radio receivers. Anode voltage in the 67...90 volt range, 50 mA filament :*'''1S5-SF''' = '''1S5T''' = '''1AR5''' – 1S5/DAF91 with a 25 mA filament [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:1S5T|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''1T4/DF91''' – Remote-cutoff RF pentode Class-A amplifier, used as RF and IF amplifier in battery radio receivers (B7G base) *'''1U4/DF904/5910''' – Sharp-cutoff RF pentode Class-A amplifier, used as RF and IF amplifier in battery radio receivers; similar characteristics to 6BA6/EF93 (B7G base) *'''1U6''' – 1L6 with a 1.4 V/25 mA filament More of these tubes are listed as equivalents under M-P ''[[#D - 1.4 V filament/heater|{{color|Green|'''D''' - 1.4 V filament/heater}}]]'' ====2 volt DC filament tubes==== These tubes were made for [[Battery (vacuum tube)|home storage battery]] receivers manufactured during the early to mid-1930s; all have 2.0 volt DC filaments despite the 1-prefix, intended to distinguish them from the 2.5 volt AC heated tubes listed below *'''1A4P''' – Remote-cutoff '''p'''entode, U4A American 4-pin base *'''1A4T''' – Remote-cutoff '''t'''etrode, U4A American 4-pin base *'''1A6''' – Heptode [[pentagrid converter]], U6A American 6-pin base, up to only 10 MHz due to low heater power (2 V/60 mA) and consequent low emission in the oscillator section; also occasionally used as a grid-leak detector *'''1B4P''' – Sharp-cutoff '''p'''entode, U4A American 4-pin base *'''1B4T''' – Sharp-cutoff '''t'''etrode, U4A American 4-pin base *'''1B5''' – Dual detector diode + [[Control grid#Effects of grid position|medium-mu]] triode, U6A American 6-pin base, usually numbered 1B5/25S *'''1C5/DL35''' – Power pentode, Octal base; similar to 3Q5 except for filament *'''1C6''' – Heptode pentagrid converter; 1A6 with double the heater power and double the frequency range *'''1C7G''' – 1C6 with an Octal base *'''1D5GP''' – 1A4P with an Octal base *'''1D5GT''' – 1A4T with an Octal base ('''Note:''' This is a shouldered "G" Octal, not a cylindrical "GT" Octal) *'''1D7G''' – 1A6 with an Octal base *'''1E5GP''' – 1B4P with an Octal base *'''1E5GT''' – 1B4T with an Octal base ('''Note:''' This is a shouldered "G" Octal, not a cylindrical "GT" Octal) *'''1E7G''' – Dual power pentode, Octal base, for use as a driver when parallel-connected, or as a push-pull output. "GT" version also available *'''1F4''' – Power pentode, U5A American 5-pin base *'''1F5G''' – 1F4 with an Octal base *'''1F6''' – Dual diode + sharp-cutoff pentode, U6A American 6-pin base *'''1F7G''' – 1F6 with an Octal base *'''1G5G''' – Power pentode, Octal base *'''1H4G''' – Medium-mu triode, can be used as a power triode; 30 (upgraded version of type 01-A) with an Octal base. "GT" version also available *'''1H6G''' – 1B5/25S with an Octal base. "GT" version also available *'''1J5G''' (950) – AF power pentode, Octal base *'''1J6G''' – Dual power triode; 19 with an Octal base. "GT" version also available ====One-volt [[Electrical ballast#Self-variable resistors|ballast tubes]]==== Used to adapt the above 2 volt DC filament tubes to 2-cell dry batteries *'''1D1''' – 240 mA filament *'''1D2''', '''1G1''' – 420 mA filament *'''1A1''' – 490 mA filament *'''1R1''', '''1Y1''' – 540 mA filament *'''1K1''' – 550 mA filament *'''1T1''', '''1V1''' – 560 mA filament *'''1J1''' – 620 mA filament *'''1E2''', '''1S1''', '''1W1''' – 660 mA filament *'''1F1''' – 720 mA filament *'''1U1''' – 740 mA filament *'''1C1''' – 745 mA filament *'''1Z1''' – 900 mA filament ====CRT anode rectifiers==== *'''1AD2''' – ''[[Compactron]]'' [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] [[High voltage|EHT]] rectifier with 1.25 V/200 mA filament :*'''1AD2A''' – 1AD2 retrofitted with an internal X-radiation shielding, introduced after the [[X-ray tube#Hazards of X-ray production from vacuum tubes|1967 General Electric X-radiation scandal]]{{cite web |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2018/09/when-televisions-were-radioactive/570916/ |title=When Televisions Were Radioactive |publisher=[[The Atlantic]] |date=23 September 2018 |access-date=23 May 2019}} *'''1AJ2''' – ''Compactron'' CRT EHT rectifier with 1.25 V/200 mA filament *'''1AY2''' – ''Duopin'' 2-pin base CRT EHT rectifier. Has similar electrical characteristics as 1B3GT/DY30 *'''1B3GT/1G3GT/DY30''' – CRT EHT rectifier with 1.25 V filament common in monochrome TV receivers of the 1950s and early 1960s. Peak inverse voltage of 30 kV. Anode current 2 mA average, 17 mA peak, Octal base. Derived from the earlier industrial type 8016 *'''1BC2''' – Noval CRT EHT rectifier with 1.25 V/200 mA filament :*'''1BC2A''', '''1BC2B''' – 1BC2 with internal X-radiation shielding *'''1BG2/DY51''' – Subminiature half-indirectly heated 15 kV portable-TV CRT EHT rectifier, 1.4 V/575 mA filament internally connected to cathode, all-glass, filament pigtails on one end, anode pigtail on the other *'''1BQ2/[[#DY802|{{color|Green|DY802}}]]''' – Half-indirectly heated 20 kV CRT EHT rectifier, Noval base, [[Silicone rubber|silicone]]-coated envelope to avoid [[Electrical breakdown|flush-over]] in high-humidity and low atmospheric-pressure conditions, 1.4 V/600 mA filament internally connected to cathode *'''1BY2''' – ''Compactron'' CRT EHT rectifier with 1.25 V/200 mA filament :*'''1BY2A''' – 1BY2 with internal X-radiation shielding *'''1H2''' – Noval CRT EHT rectifier with 1.4 V/550 mA filament *'''1J3GT/1K3GT''' – Octal CRT EHT rectifier. Same characteristics as 1B3GT/DY30. Has filament-plate shorting protection *'''1S2/[[#DY86|{{color|Green|DY86}}]]''' – Half-indirectly heated 18 kV CRT EHT rectifier, Noval base, 1.4 V/550 mA filament internally connected to cathode; 6S2/EY86 or GY86 with a different heater :*'''1S2A/[[#DY87|{{color|Green|DY87}}]]''' – 6S2A/EY87 with a different heater; 1S2/DY86 with a silicone-coated envelope *'''1T2''' = Brimar '''R16''' – Subminiature, directly heated CRT EHT rectifier with 1.4 V/140 mA filament; filament pigtails on one end, anode pigtail on the other *'''1V2''' – CRT EHT rectifier with 0.625 V/300 mA filament (B7G base) *'''1X2''' – Noval CRT EHT rectifier with 1.25 V/200 mA filament :*'''1X2A''', '''1X2B'''. '''1X2C''' – 1X2 with internal X-radiation shielding *'''1Y2''' – 4-pin CRT EHT rectifier with 1.5 V/290 mA filament. 50 kV max PIV, 10 mA peak, 2 mA average. Usable up to 1 MHz *'''1Z1''' – Octal CRT EHT rectifier with 0.7 V/180 mA filament *'''1Z2''' – Noval CRT EHT rectifier with 1.25 V/265 mA filament ==='''2''' volt heater/filament tubes=== Some 6-prefix tubes were also available as 2-prefix, for television receivers with series heater strings [[#450 mA series heater tubes|{{color|Green|(see below)}}]] ====2.5 volt AC heater tubes==== —Tubes used in AC-powered radio receivers of the early 1930s: *'''2A3''' – Directly heated power triode, used for AF output stages in 1930s–1940s audio amplifiers and radios [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:2A3|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''2A5''' – Power pentode; 42 or 6F6 with a different heater *'''2A6''' – Dual diode + high-mu triode; 75 with a different heater *'''2A7''' – Heptode [[pentagrid converter]]; 6A7, 6A8 or 12A8 with a different heater *'''2B7''' – Dual diode + remote-cutoff pentode; 6B7 with a different heater *'''2E5''' – Top-view, "Magic Eye"-type [[Magic eye tube|tuning indicator]]; 2G5 with with a sharp-cutoff driver triode; 6E5 with a different heater *'''2G5''' – Top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator; 2E5 with with a remote-cutoff driver triode; 6G5/6U5 with a different heater —[[Thyratron]]s: *'''2A4''' – Directly heated triode thyratron, 2.5 V/2.5 A heater, Octal 7-pin base *'''2B4''' = '''885''' – Indirectly heated triode thyratron used in [[DuMont Laboratories|DuMont]] oscilloscopes as a sweep generator; 6Q5-G = 884 with a 2.5 V/2.5 A heater and a 5-pin base *'''2C4''' – Indirectly heated triode thyratron for use in portable equipment, 2.5 V/650 mA heater, Miniature 7-pin base ====CRT anode rectifiers==== *'''2X2''' = '''879''' – [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] [[High voltage|EHT]] rectifier; similar to 1B3 and 1S2/DY86 except for heater ratings :*'''2X2A''' – 2X2, shock resistant up to 250 [[g-force|g]] More of these tubes are listed as equivalents under M-P ''[[#K - 2.0 V heater|{{color|Green|'''K''' - 2.0 V heater}}]]'' ==='''3''' volt heater/filament tubes=== Many 6-prefix tubes were also available as 3-prefix with a 3.15 V heater with twice the heater current, for television receivers with series heater strings ====2.8 volt DC filament tubes==== These tubes are directly heated with a center-tapped filament, so they can be switched to 1.4 V, for use in ''Three-way portable'' (AC or DC mains, or batteries) radio receivers *'''3A4/DL93''' – 1.2 W RF/AF power pentode, Miniature 7-pin base *'''3A5/DCC90''' – Dual RF power triode, Miniature 7-pin base *'''3A8GT''' – Diode + triode + pentode with internal shield connected to filament center-tap, Octal base *'''3B4/DL98''' – 1.25 W RF power pentode up to 100 MHz, Miniature 7-pin base *'''3B5GT''' – AF beam power pentode, Octal base *'''3B7''' – 1.4 W Dual VHF power triode up to 125 MHz, Loctal base *'''3C4/DL96''' – 440 mW AF power pentode, Miniature 7-pin base *'''3E5''' – 200 mW AF beam power pentode, Miniature 7-pin base *'''3E6''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode with internal shield connected to filament center-tap, Loctal base *'''3LF4''' – 330 mW AF beam power pentode, Loctal base *'''3Q4/DL95''' – 270 mW AF power pentode, Miniature 7-pin base *'''3S4/DL92''' – 270 mW AF power pentode, Miniature 7-pin base, 2.8 V/50 mA (series) or 1.4 V/100 mA (parallel) filament :*'''3S4-SF''' = '''3S4T''' = '''3W4''' – 3S4/DL92 with a 2.8 V/25 mA (series) or 1.4 V/50 mA (parallel) filament [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:3S4T|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''3V4/DL94''' – 1.3 W AF power pentode, Miniature 7-pin base More of these tubes are listed as equivalents under M-P ''[[#D - 1.4 V filament/heater|{{color|Green|'''D''' - 1.4 V filament/heater}}]]'' ====CRT anode rectifiers==== *'''3A3/3B2/3AW3''' – [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] [[High voltage|EHT]] rectifier for color TV, Octal base, 3.15 V/220 mA heater :*'''3A3A''' – 3A3 with increased anode current capability :*'''3A3C''' – 3A3A retrofitted with an internal X-radiation shielding, introduced after the [[X-ray tube#Hazards of X-ray production from vacuum tubes|1967 General Electric X-radiation scandal]] *'''3AT2''' – ''[[Compactron]]'' CRT EHT rectifier for color TV, 3.15 V/220 mA heater :*'''3AT2B''' – 3AT2 with internal X-radiation shielding *'''3AW2''' – ''Compactron'' CRT EHT rectifier for color TV, 3.15 V/350 mA heater :*'''3AW2A''' – 3AW2 with internal X-radiation shielding *'''3BL2''' – ''Compactron'' CRT EHT rectifier for color TV, 3.3 V/285 mA heater :*'''3BL2A''' – 3BL2 with internal X-radiation shielding *'''3BM2''' – ''Compactron'' CRT EHT rectifier for color TV, 3 V/300 mA heater :*'''3BM2A''' – 3BM2 with internal X-radiation shielding *'''3BN2''' – ''Compactron'' CRT EHT rectifier for color TV, 3.15 V/300 mA heater :*'''3BN2A''' – 3BN2 with internal X-radiation shielding *'''3BS2''' – ''Compactron'' CRT EHT rectifier for color TV, 3.15 V/480 mA quickstart heater :*'''3BS2A''', '''3BS2B''' – 3BS2 with internal X-radiation shielding *'''3BT2''' – ''Compactron'' CRT EHT rectifier for color TV, 3.15 V/480 mA quickstart heater :*'''3BT2A''' – 3BT2 with internal X-radiation shielding :'''Note:''' All subsequent CRT EHT rectifiers were designed after the 1967 GE scandal and had internal X-radiation shielding right from the start *'''3BW2''' – ''Compactron'' CRT EHT rectifier for color TV, 3.15 V/480 mA quickstart heater; has a diffusion-bonded cathode, which prevents anode-to-cathode arcing caused by emissive particles being pulled from the cathode coating by the high electrostatic field *'''3CA3''' – CRT EHT rectifier for color TV, Octal base; 3.6 V/225 mA heater *'''3CN3''' – CRT EHT rectifier with a diffusion-bonded cathode for color TV, Octal base; 3.15 V/480 mA quickstart heater *'''3CU3''' – CRT EHT rectifier for color TV, Octal base; 3.15 V/280 mA heater *'''3CZ3''' – CRT EHT rectifier for color TV, Octal base; 3.15 V/480 mA quickstart heater More of these tubes are listed as equivalents under M-P ''[[#G - 5.0 V heater or misc.|{{color|Green|'''G''' - Miscellaneous}}]]'' ==='''4''' volt heater/filament tubes=== Some 6-prefix tubes were also available as 4-prefix with a 4.2 V heater with 1.5 times the heater current, for television receivers with series heater strings [[#450 mA series heater tubes|{{color|Green|(see below)}}]] ;4 volt DC filament tubes *'''4A6G''' – Dual power triode, Octal base, directly heated with a center-tapped 4.0 V filament, so it can also be wired for 2 V ;[[Electrical ballast#Self-variable resistors|Ballast tubes]] *'''4A1''' – 300 mA filament ==='''5''' volt heater/filament tubes=== Some 6-prefix tubes were also available as 5-prefix, for television receivers with series heater strings [[#450 mA series heater tubes|{{color|Green|(see below)}}]] ;5 volt DC filament tubes *'''5A6''' – RF beam power pentode up to 100 MHz, Noval base, directly heated with a center-tapped 5.0 V filament, so it can also be wired for 2.5 V ;Rectifiers *'''5AR4/GZ34''' – Full-wave rectifier *'''5AS4''' – Full-wave rectifier *'''5R4''' – Full-wave rectifier *'''5U4''' – Full-wave rectifier *'''5V4/GZ32''' – Full-wave rectifier *'''[[5Y3]]''' – Full-wave rectifier; 80 with an Octal base [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:5Y3|class=noviewer|alt=]] More of these tubes are listed as equivalents under M-P ''[[#G - 5.0 V heater or misc.|{{color|Green|'''G''' - 5.0 V heater}}]]'' ==='''6''' volt heater tubes=== '''Note:''' 6-prefix tubes with center-tapped heaters are listed under ''[[#300 mA series heater tubes|{{color|Green|300 mA series heater tubes}}]]'' *'''6A6''' – Dual power triode, U7B 7-pin base, used as a [[Power amplifier classes#Class A|Class-A]] audio driver or a [[Power amplifier classes#Class B|Class-B]] audio output; 6.3 volt heater version of type 53 which had a 2.5 volt heater. Octal version: 6N7 *'''6A7''' (U7A 7-pin base) and '''6A8''' (K8A Octal base; ''PH4'', M-OV ''X63'') – Heptode [[pentagrid converter]] with [[control grid]] (grid 4) on top cap; based on type 2A7, which had a 2.5 volt heater; Loctal version: type 7B8 *'''6AB4/EC92''' – [[Control grid#Effects of grid position|High-mu]] triode, Miniature 7-pin base; 6C4/EC90 pinout except pin 5 unconnected *'''6AB5/6N5''' – Top-view, "Magic Eye"-type [[Magic eye tube|tuning indicator]] with with a sharp-cutoff driver triode *'''6AC5-G''' – High-mu power triode *'''6AC7''' = '''1852''' – TV [[Cut-off (electronics)|sharp-cutoff]] RF pentode, often encountered in a black metal envelope (not to be confused with the [[6CA7]]/EL34) *'''6AC10''' – ''[[Compactron]]'' High-mu triple triode for use as [[NTSC]] [[Chrominance|chroma signal]] [[Analog television#Color video signal extraction|demodulator matrix]] in analog [[Color television|color TV]] receivers *'''6AD6-G''' and '''6AF6-G''' – Top-view, driverless "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicators. Both have two "pie wedge" shadow indicators, one each on opposite sides of a single circular indicator target. Both shadows may be used in tandem or may be driven by two different signal sources. Type 6AE6-G is specifically made to drive each indicator with different signals. May also be driven by separate pentodes with different characteristics. E.g., a sharp-cutoff pentode like a 6J7 – which would be hyper-sensitive to any signal change – would drive one shadow, while a remote-cutoff pentode like a 6K7 – which would only react to stronger signals – would drive the other shadow. Both tubes have Octal bases. Type 6AD6-G, with a target voltage rated from 100 to 150 volt, is designed for AC/DC radios. Type 6AF6-G, with a target voltage rated at 250 volt, is designed for larger AC radios *'''6AE6-G''' – A driver triode specially designed for "Magic Eye" tuning indicator types 6AD6-G and 6AF6-G. Has a common heater and indirectly heated cathode, two internally connected triode grids – one with sharp-cutoff characteristics, one with remote-cutoff characteristics – and two anodes, one for each grid. The sharp-cutoff grid reacts to any signal change, while the remote-cutoff grid reacts only to stronger signal changes *'''6AE7-GT''' – Dual triode with a common, single anode, for use as a power triode driver *'''6AF4/EC94''' – UHF Medium-mu oscillator triode, commonly found in TV tuners and converters *'''6AF11''' – ''Compactron'' High-mu dual triode + sharp-cutoff pentode *'''6AG11''' – ''Compactron'' High-mu dual triode + dual diode *'''6AH5-G''' – Beam power tetrode for early TV use. Same as type 6L6-G, but with scrambled pinout. Used in some [[Philco]] receivers *'''6AJ5''' – Low (6.3-80 V) anode voltage, sharp-cutoff pentode *'''[[6AK5]]/EF95''' = '''6Ж1П''' (↦'''6J1P''') (''5654'', ''CV4010'', ''408A'') – VHF/RF/IF Sharp-cutoff pentode, Miniature 7-pin base, used in old ''[[Radiosonde]]'' weather balloon transmitters, [[RF front end|receiver front ends]] and contemporary audio equipment [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:6AK5|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''6AK6''' – Power pentode; 6G6-G with a Miniature 7-pin base. Unusual low-power consumption output tube with 150 mA heater *'''{{Visible anchor|6AK8}}/[[#EABC80|{{color|Green|EABC80}}]]''' – Triple diode + high-mu triode. Diodes have identical characteristics – two have cathodes connected to the triode's cathode, one has a separate cathode. Used as a combination AM detector/AVC rectifier/FM ratio detector/AF amplifier in AM/FM radios manufactured outside of North America. Triode amplification factor: 70; [[#6T8|{{color|Green|6T8}}]] with a longer glass envelope [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:EABC80 (vacuum tube)|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''6AK9''' – ''Compactron'' 1× high-mu + 1× medium-mu dual triode + beam power pentode *'''6AK10''' – ''Compactron'' High-mu triple triode for use as NTSC chroma signal demodulator matrix in analog color TV receivers *'''6AL3/EY88''' – TV "Damper/Efficiency" diode *'''6AL5/EAA91''' = M-OV '''D77''' – Dual diode with separate cathodes, for use as detector. Often used in [[Voltmeter#VTVMs and FET-VMs|vacuum tube volt meters (VTVMs)]]; 6H6 with a Miniature 7-pin base; 12AL5/HAA91, UAA91 or 3AL5/XAA91 with a different heater *'''6AL6-G''' – Beam power tetrode for early TV use. Same as type 6L6-G, but with scrambled pinout and anode connected to top cap *'''6AL7-GT''' – Top-view, driverless, triple (independently controllable) bar graph-type tuning/level indicator used in many early AM/FM Hi-Fi radios *'''6AM6/EF91''' = M-OV '''Z77''' (''M8083'') – Sharp-cutoff RF pentode used in receiver front ends and test gear such as VTVMs and TV broadcast modulation monitors *'''6AN7/ECH80''' – [[Pentagrid converter#Hexode|Triode/remote-cutoff hexode mixer]]; 6CU7/ECH42 with a Noval base *'''6AN8''' – Triode + pentode used in CRT vertical deflection timebase circuits, electrically fairly similar to ECL80 but with a different pinout *'''[[6AQ5]]/EL90''' – Beam power pentode, Miniature 7-pin similar of type 6V6 *'''6AQ8/ECC85''' – Dual RF/VHF triode with separate cathodes and an internal shield between the two sections, designed for use as oscillator and mixer in FM receivers. The heater to cathode insulation is inadequate for use in [[cascode]] operation; similar to 6BK7, 6BQ7, 6BZ7 *'''6AR8''', '''6JH8''', '''6ME8''' – [[Beam deflection tube]]s for use as [[NTSC]] [[Chrominance|chroma signal]] [[Analog television#Color video signal extraction|demodulators]] in analog [[Color television|color TV]] receivers *'''6AS6''' – Pentode with a fine-pitched suppressor grid which could serve as a second control grid. Used in radar ''[[phantastron]]'' circuits *'''6AS7/ECC230''' (''6080'') – Dual low-mu triode, low impedance, mostly used for voltage regulation circuits *'''6AS11''' – ''Compactron'' 1× high-mu + 1× medium-mu dual triode + sharp-cutoff pentode *'''6AT6/EBC90''' – Dual diode + high-mu triode; 6Q7 with a Miniature 7-pin base. Triode amplification factor: 70 *'''6AU4''' – TV "Damper/Efficiency" diode *'''6AU6/EF94''', ''6AU6A'' – Sharp-cutoff pentode *'''6AV6/EBC91''' – Dual diode + high-mu triode. Triode amplification factor: 100. (Triode section similar in characteristics to one half of a 12AX7); Miniature 7-pin version of type 75 *'''6AV11''' – ''Compactron'' Medium-mu triple triode *'''6AX4''' – TV "Damper/Efficiency" diode *'''6AX5''' – Full-wave rectifier. Octal base. Similar in structure to type 6X5, but with higher voltage and current ratings which are comparable to those of types 5Y3 and 80 *'''6B6-G''' – Dual diode + high-mu triode, grid on top cap; Octal version of type 75, later 6SQ7 (with under-chassis connection for triode grid). Miniature 7-pin version: 6AV6/EBC91 *'''6B7''' (UX7 base) and '''6B8''' (EBF32, Octal base) – Dual diode + semiremote-cutoff pentode with control grid on top cap. Based on type 2B7 which had a 2.5 volt heater. The diode anodes are most commonly used as (second) detectors and AVC rectification in superheterodyne receivers. Because their control grids have both sharp-cutoff and remote-cutoff characteristics, these types were used as IF amplifiers with AVC bias to the control grid, and as AF amplifiers. These types were also used in [[reflex receiver]]s. In a typical 2B7/6B7/6B8 reflex circuit, the IF signal from the converter is injected into the pentode and is amplified. The diodes then act as detectors, separating the AF signal from the RF signal. The AF signal is then re-injected into the pentode, amplified, and sent to the audio output tube[http://www.nostalgiaair.org/PagesByModel/791/M0007791.pdf Schematic for General Electric model F-40], a 1938 reflex radio using a 6B7. *'''6BA6/EF93''' = M-OV '''W727''' (''5790'') – Semiremote-cutoff RF pentode (Often encountered in [[Vehicle audio|car radios]]) *'''6BD11''' – ''Compactron'' 1× high-mu + 1× medium-mu dual triode + sharp-cutoff pentode *'''6BE6/EK90''' = M-OV '''X727''' (''5750'') – Heptode [[pentagrid converter]] (Often encountered in car radios) *'''6BF6''' – Dual diode + medium-mu triode; 6R7 with a Miniature 7-pin base *'''6BF8''' – Sextuple diode with a common cathode *'''6BG6''' – Beam power pentode, anode on top cap, used in early TV magnetic-deflection horizontal-output stage *'''6BH11''' – ''Compactron'' Medium-mu dual triode + sharp-cutoff pentode *'''6BK4''' – High voltage beam power triode, Ua=27 kV, Ia=1.5 mA, Pa=25 W, Uh-c=-200 V; used as shunt regulator in color TV receivers and in measurement equipment such as high voltage meters :*'''6BK4A''' – 6BK4 with Pa=30 W :*'''6BK4B''' – 6BK4A with Pa=40 W, Uh-c=-450 V :*'''6BK4C/6EL4A''' – 6BK4B retrofitted with an internal X-radiation shielding, introduced after the [[X-ray tube#Hazards of X-ray production from vacuum tubes|1967 General Electric X-radiation scandal]] *'''6BK7''' – Dual RF/VHF triode with separate cathodes and an internal shield between the two sections; similar to 6BQ7, 6BZ7, 6AQ8/ECC85 *'''[[6BK8]]/6CF8/EF86''' = M-OV/GEC '''Z729''' – AF Pentode used in [[microphone preamplifier]]s and audiophile equipment [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:EF86|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''6BK11''' – ''Compactron'' 2× High-mu + 1× medium-mu triple triode preamplifier, used in some guitar amps made by [[Ampeg]] *'''6BL6''' (5836) – ''[[Sutton tube]]'', a reflex klystron used as a 250 mW [[Continuous wave|CW]] microwave source, 1.6 to 6.5 GHz depending upon an external cavity. 4-pin ''peewee'' base with cavity contact rings and top cap *'''6BL8/ECF80''' – General-purpose triode + pentode used in TV, audio and test gear *'''6BM6''' (5837) – Sutton tube used as a 150 mW CW microwave source, 550 MHz to 3.8 GHz depending upon an external cavity. 4-pin ''peewee'' base with cavity contact rings and top cap *'''6BM8/ECL82''' – Triode + pentode used as the driver and output stages in audio amplifiers, audio output and vertical deflection output stages in TV receivers and has even been seen in an electronic nerve stimulator [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:ECL82|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''6BN6/6KS6''' – ''Gated-beam discriminator'' pentode, used in radar, dual channel oscilloscopes and [[Detector (radio)#Quadrature detector|FM quadrature detector]]s; cf. 6DT6, [[Nonode]] *'''[[6BQ5]]/EL84''' = M-OV '''N709''' – 5.7 Watts AF power pentode, Noval base [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:EL84|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''6BQ6-GT''' – Beam power pentode, used as a horizontal deflection output tube in monochrome TV receivers of the 1950s. Most commonly used in receivers with diagonal screen sizes less than {{cvt|19|in|cm}}. (However, may be found in some larger models) Larger receivers often used similar type 6DQ6. Later versions of this tube branded as 6BQ6-GTB/6CU6 *'''6BQ7''' – Dual RF/VHF triode with separate cathodes and an internal shield between the two sections, which can be used independently or in a [[cascode]] stage; similar to 6BK7, 6BZ7, 6AQ8/ECC85 :*'''6BQ7A/ECC180''' – Improved 6BQ7 capable of operation at UHF frequencies *'''6BU8''' – Split-anode pentode for use as TV sync separator *'''6BX6/EF80''' – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF/Video pentode, Noval base [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:EF80|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''6BY6''' – Similar to type 6CS6/EH90, but with higher [[transconductance]]; 3BY6 with a different heater *'''6BY7/EF85''' = M-OV '''W719''' – Remote-cutoff RF pentode (TV IF) *'''6BZ6''' – Sharp-cutoff RF pentode used in video IF circuits of the 1960s *'''6BZ7''' – Dual RF/VHF triode with separate cathodes and an internal shield between the two sections; similar to 6BK7, 6BQ7, 6AQ8/ECC85 *'''6C4/EC90''' – 3.6 W small-power VHF triode up to 150 MHz; single [[12AU7]]/ECC82 system *'''6C6''' – Sharp-cutoff RF pentode. Most common commercial uses were as a tuned RF amplifier, a detector, and an AF amplifier. Also used in test equipment. Has UX6 base with top cap. Based on type 57, which had a 2.5 volt heater. Similar to types 1603, 77 and Octal types 6J7 and 6SJ7 *'''6C10''' – ''Compactron'' High-mu triple triode – ''not'' related to the [[#BritishMazda|{{color|Green|Mazda/EdiSwan}}]] 6C10 triode-hexode *'''6CA4/EZ81''' – Full-wave rectifier [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:EZ81 (vacuum tube)|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''[[6CA7]]/EL34''' – AF power pentode [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:EL34|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''6CA11''' – ''Compactron'' High-mu dual triode + sharp-cutoff pentode *'''6CB6/EF190''' – Remote-cutoff RF pentode used in video IF circuits of the 1950s and early 1960s *'''6CG7''' – Dual triode, used in TV and some audio amplifiers including modern solid-state designs often as a cathode follower; similar to 6SN7 *'''6CJ6/EL81''' – CRT horizontal deflection output pentode *'''6CL6''' – Power pentode *'''6CM5/EL36''' – AF or CRT horizontal deflection output beam power tetrode *'''6CW4''' – ''[[Nuvistor]]'' High-mu VHF triode, 6.3 V/135 mA heater, most common one in consumer electronics *'''6CZ5''' (''6973'') – Beam power pentode for use as vertical deflection or audio amplifier *'''6D4''' – 25 mAavg, 100 mApeak Indirectly heated, argon triode [[thyratron]], negative starter voltage, Miniature 7-pin base; found an additional use as a 0 to 10 MHz [[Noise generator|noise source]], when operated as a diode (starter tied to cathode) in a transverse {{cvt|375|G|mT|lk=on}} magnetic field. Sufficiently filtered for "flatness" ("[[white noise]]") in a band of interest, such noise was used for testing radio receivers, servo systems and occasionally in analog computing as a random value source *'''6D6''' – Remote-cutoff RF pentode. Most common commercial uses were as an IF amplifier or as a superheterodyne mixer, aka 1st detector. Also used in test equipment. Has UX6 base with top cap. Based on type 58, which had a 2.5 volt heater; similar to type 78. Octal version: 6U7-G *'''6D8-G''' – Heptode [[pentagrid converter]], Octal base with top cap, 150 mA heater, used in pre-war 6-volt [[Antique radio#Farm radios|farm radios]]; similar to type 6A8 *'''6D10''' – ''Compactron'' High-mu triple triode for use as oscillator, mixer, amplifier or [[Automatic frequency control|AFC]] tube *'''6DA6/EF89''' – RF Pentode used in AM/FM radios manufactured outside North America [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:EF89 (vacuum tube)|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''[[6DJ8]]/ECC88''' = '''6Н23П''' (↦'''6N23P''') = [[#Shuguang|{{color|Green|Shuguang}}]] '''6N11''' (↤6Н11) – Dual RF/AF triode (often used in TV broadcast equipment, test gear, oscilloscopes and audiophile gear) similar to 6ES8/ECC189, ''6922/E88CC'' [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:6DJ8|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''6DQ6''' – Beam power pentode, used as a horizontal deflection output tube in monochrome TV receivers of the 1950s. Most often found in receivers with diagonal screen measurements larger than {{cvt|17|in|cm}}. Smaller receivers often used similar type 6BQ6-GT. Also used as audio output tubes in [[Standel]] guitar amplifiers. Later versions branded as 6DQ6-B/6GW6 *'''6DR8/EBF83''' – Common cathode dual diode + low (6.3-50 V) anode voltage pentode for use as IF amplifier, detector and [[Automatic gain control#AM radio receivers|AGC]] diode in vehicle equipment, Noval base *'''6DS4''' – ''Nuvistor'' Semiremote-cutoff VHF triode used in TV tuners immediately prior to the introduction of solid state tuning circuits. ([[RCA]] TVs equipped with a 6DS4 tuner bore the trademark "Nu-Vista Vision"); successor of the 6CW4 *'''6DS8/ECH83''' – Low (6.3-25 V) anode voltage, triode/heptode mixer, for use in vehicle equipment *'''6DT6''' – [[Detector (radio)#Quadrature detector|Quadrature detector]] pentode used in FM audio demodulators; cf. 6BN6, [[nonode]] *'''6DV4''' – Medium-mu ''Nuvistor'' triode for UHF oscillators; some versions had a gold-plated envelope *'''6DX8/ECL84''' – Triode + pentode *'''6E5''' – Top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, UX6 base; 6G5/6U5 with a sharp-cutoff driver triode; 2E5 with a different heater *'''6EM5''' – CRT vertical deflection output pentode *'''6ES6/EF97''' (remote-cutoff), '''6ET6/EF98''' (sharp-cutoff) – Low (6.3-50 V) anode voltage RF pentodes, used in car radios *'''6ES8/ECC189''' – Dual triode used as [[cascode]] RF amplifier in TV tuners and VHF receiver front ends, also used as general-purpose dual triode in test gear; similar to 6DJ8/ECC88 *'''6EZ8''' – High-mu triple triode, Noval base *'''6F4''' – ''[[Acorn tube|Acorn]]'' UHF triode up to 1.2 GHz, for use as an oscillator *'''6F5''' – High-mu triode, equal to triode section of type 6Q7 *'''6F6''', M-OV '''KT63''' – Power pentode, moderate power output rating – 9 watts max. (Single-ended Class-A circuit); 11 watts max. (Push-pull Class-A circuit); 19 watts max. (push-pull [[Power amplifier classes#Class AB|Class-AB2]] circuit). Available in metal (numbered "6F6"), shouldered glass ("6F6-G"), and cylindrical glass ("6F6-GT"). Sometimes used as a transformer-coupled audio driver for types 6L6-GC and [[807 (vacuum tube)|807]] when those tubes were used in Class-AB2 or Class-B amplifiers. Also used as a [[Power amplifier classes#Class C|Class-C]] oscillator/amplifier in transmitters; Octal base version of type 42 *'''6F7''' – Remote-cutoff pentode + medium-mu triode. Has UX7 base with the pentode control grid on top cap. Most common uses were as superheterodyne mixer ("first detector") and local oscillator, or as a combination IF amplifier (pentode) and (second) detector or AF amplifier (triode); Octal version: 6P7-G *'''6FA7''' – Diode + sharp-cutoff dual-anode tetrode for use as frequency divider or complex-wave generator, 6.3 V/300 mA heater, Noval base *'''6FH8''' – Medium-mu triode + three-anode sharp-cutoff tetrode for use in TV receivers and complex wave generators *'''6FS5''', '''6GU5''' – Sharp-cutoff, ''Shadow-Grid'' beam pentodes with a beam-forming extra grid between control and screen grids, intended to reduce screen current and hence anode/screen grid distribution [[Noise (electronics)|noise]] (technically a hexode), Miniature 7-pin base; cf. DAH50, EF8, EF38 *'''6G5/6U5''' – Top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, UX6 base; 6E5 with a remote-cutoff driver triode; 2G5 with a different heater :*'''6G5G/6U5G''' – 6G5/6U5 with an Octal base *'''6G6-G''' – Power pentode. Octal base. Low power output – 1.1 watt max. output. Has 150 mA heater. Used in pre-war 6-volt [[Antique radio#Farm radios|farm radios]]; Miniature 7-pin version: 6AK6 *'''6G8-G''' – Dual diode + sharp-cutoff pentode (Used as Detector and first AF stage in Australian 1940s radios) *'''6GK5''' – Miniature 7-pin VHF triode (Used as VHF local oscillator in some TV turret tuners) *'''6GM5''' – 19 W Beam power pentode; 7591 or 7868 with a Noval base *'''6GS8''' – Dual-anode pentode for TV receiver sync separation or [[Automatic gain control|AGC]] service *'''6GV8/ECL85''' – Triode + power pentode for use as CRT vertical deflection output *'''6GW8/ECL86''' – AF Triode + power pentode for use as audio or CRT vertical deflection output *'''6GY8''' – High-mu triple triode for use as oscillator, mixer, RF amplifier or AGC tube, Noval base *'''6H5''' – Top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, UX6 base; 6G5/6U5 with an extra grid tied to the cathode and a fixed 90° shadow oppopsite the controllable one *'''6H6''' (''EB34'', M-OV ''D63'', RFT ''HF/OSW3109'') – Dual diode, Octal base. Most commonly found as a "stubby" metal envelope tube. Glass versions 6H6-G and 6H6-GT are also found *'''6HS8''' – Dual-anode pentode for TV receiver sync separation service or as a two-channel [[Variable-gain amplifier|VCA]] *'''6J5''' (M-OV ''L63'') – Medium-mu triode *'''6J5WGT''' – Indirectly heated medium-mu triode; 12J5WGT with a different heater *'''6J6/ECC91''' – Dual VHF triode with common cathode up to 600 MHz, Miniature 7-pin base *'''6J7/EF37''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode, control grid on top cap. Most common commercial uses were as a tuned RF amplifier, a (second) detector, or an AF amplifier; Octal version of type 77, later 6SJ7 (control grid connection on pin 4) *'''6J8-G''' – Triode/heptode mixer *'''6J10/6Z10''' – ''Compactron'' [[Detector (radio)#Quadrature detector|Quadrature detector]] pentode + power pentode, used as FM audio demodulator and power stage; cf. 6BN6, 6DT6, [[nonode]] *'''6JU8A''' – 9 mA, Four-diode bridge rectifier *'''6K6-G''' – Power pentode, low-to-moderate power output rating: 0.35 to 4.5 watts (single-ended Class-A circuit), 10.5 watts max. (push-pull Class-A circuit); Octal version of type 41 *'''6K7/EF39''' – Remote-cutoff RF pentode, control grid on top cap. Most common commercial uses were as an IF amplifier or as a superheterodyne mixer, aka 1st detector. Also used in test equipment; Octal version of type 78, later 6SK7 (control grid connection on pin 4) *'''6K8''' – American triode/hexode mixer, 1938; 12K8 with a different heater *'''6K11/6Q11''' – ''Compactron'' 2× High-mu + 1× medium-mu triple triode for use as a sync clipper and [[Automatic gain control|gated AGC]] amplifier in TV receivers *'''6KM8''' – Diode + three-anode sharp-cutoff tetrode for use in musical instruments, frequency dividers and complex wave generators *'''6L4''' – ''Acorn'' UHF triode for use as an oscillator *'''6L5-G''' – Medium-mu triode (Similar to type 6J5-G, available only in ST shape) *'''[[6L6]]''' (EL37) – Beam power tetrode [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:6L6|class=noviewer|alt=]] ::There are several variations. Except for types 6L6-GC and 6L6-GX, all have the same maximum output ratings: ::*11.5 watts (single-ended Class-A circuit) ::*14.5 watts (push-pull Class-A circuit) ::*34 watts (push-pull Class-AB1 circuit) ::*60 watts (push-pull Class-AB2 circuit) ::6L6 (metal envelope) and 6L6-G (shouldered glass envelope) were used in pre-World War II radios and Public Address amplifiers ::6L6 and 25L6 were introduced in 1935 as the first beam power tetrodes. Both types were branded with the ''L6'' ending to signify their (then) uniqueness among audio output tubes. However, this is the only similarity between the two tubes (Type 6W6-GT is the 6.3 volt heater version of types 12L6-GT, 25L6-GT and 50L6-GT) :*'''6L6GA''' – Post-war version of type 6L6-G, in smaller ST-14 shape with ''Shouldered Tubular'' (ST) shaped envelope, revision A :*'''6L6GB''' – Post-war improved version in a cylindrical glass envelope. Similar to type 5881 ::*'''6L6GTB''' – 6L6 with ''Tubular'', (T), shaped envelope, revision B, (higher power rating, as it happens. The 6L6GTB can always replace the 6L6, 6L6G, and 6L6GT, but a 6L6GTB running at maximum rating should not be replaced with another subtype) ::*'''6L6-WGB''' – "Industrial" version of type 6L6GB :*'''6L6GC''' – Final and highest-powered audio version of the tube. Max. outputs: ::*17.5 watts (single-ended Class-A circuit) ::*32 watts (push-pull Class-A circuit) ::*55 watts (push-pull Class-AB1 circuit) ::*60 watts (push-pull Class-AB2 circuit) :*'''6L6-GX''' – Class-C oscillator/amplifier used in transmitters. Max. output 30 watts. (All versions may be used as a Class-C oscillator/amplifier, but this version is specifically designed for this purpose, has a special ceramic base) *'''6L7''' – Heptode [[pentagrid converter]] often used in console radios of the late 1930s. Similar in structure to heptodes 6SA7 and 6BE6, except that a separate oscillator – usually type 6C5 – is required, as grid 1 is the RF input, remote-cutoff control grid and grid 3 is the oscillator input grid. (In types 6SA7 and 6BE6, grid 1 is the internal oscillator grid, grid 3 is the control grid) Because of low conversion [[transconductance]], radios using type 6L7 typically have either a tuned RF pre-amplifier stage, or at least two stages of IF amplification. (A few models have both) *'''6LF6''' – ''Compactron'' Beam power tetrode with an anode cap, for CRT horizontal deflection amplifiers *'''6M5/EL80''' – AF power pentode (Used as Class-A or C output stages of 1950s Australian [[Radiogram (device)|radiograms]]) similar to 6BQ5 *'''6M11''' – ''Compactron'' Dual triode + pentode *'''6MD8''' – Medium-mu triple triode for use as [[NTSC]] [[Chrominance|chroma signal]] [[Analog television#Color video signal extraction|demodulator matrix]] in analog [[Color television|color TV]] receivers, B9E Novar 9-pin base *'''6ME5''' – Top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, Miniature 7-pin base *'''6MK8''' – Dual-anode pentode for TV receiver sync separation service or as a two-channel [[Variable-gain amplifier|VCA]] *'''6MJ8''' – ''Compactron'' Medium-mu triple triode for use as NTSC chroma signal demodulator matrix in analog color TV receivers *'''6MN8''' – ''Compactron'' High-mu triple triode for use as NTSC chroma signal demodulator matrix in analog color TV receivers *'''6N3/EY82''' – Half-wave rectifier *'''6N5''' – See 6AB5/6N5 *'''6N6''' – ''[[Triple-twin|Triple-Twin]]'' AF signal + 4-Watts power triode, internally connected as a cathode follower like today's [[Darlington transistor]]s *'''6N7''', '''6N7-G''', '''6N7-GT''' – Dual power triode, used as Class-A audio driver or as Class-B power output, max. output (Class-B): 10 watts; 6A6 with an Octal base *'''6N8/EBF80''' – Remote-cutoff pentode + dual diode for use as detector plus RF or AF amplifier in radios *'''6P5-G/GT''' – Medium-mu triode, often used as driver for type 6AC5-G; Octal version of type 76 *'''6P7-G''' – Rarely seen Octal version of type 6F7 *'''6Q5-G''' = '''884''' – Triode gas [[thyratron]] used in [[DuMont Laboratories|DuMont]] oscilloscopes as a sweep generator; 2B4 = 885 with a 6.3 V/600 mA heater and an Octal base *'''6Q11''' – See 6K11/6Q11 *'''6R3/EY81''' – TV "Damper/Efficiency" diode *'''6R7''', '''6R7-G''', '''6R7-GT''' – Dual diode + medium-mu triode, Octal base with top cap, amplification factor: 16; Miniature 7-pin version: 6BF6 *'''6S7-G''' – Remote-cutoff RF pentode, Octal base with top cap, 150 mA heater, used in pre-war 6-volt [[Antique radio#Farm radios|farm radios]]; similar to type 6K7 *'''6S8-GT''' – Triple diode + high-mu triode. Octal tube with triode grid on top cap. Has three identical diodes – two diodes share a cathode with the triode, one has a separate cathode. Used as a combined AM detector/AVC rectifier/FM ratio detector/AF amplifier in AM/FM radios. Typically, all sections of this tube are arranged around a single heater *'''6SA7''' – First heptode [[pentagrid converter]], Octal base; Miniature 7-pin version: 6BE6 *'''6SB7Y''' (Octal base), '''6BA7''' and '''12BA7''' (Noval base) – VHF heptode pentagrids, 1946 *'''6SC7''' – Common-cathode dual high-mu triode *'''6SK7''' – Remote-cutoff pentode used in IF stages of North American radios; Miniature 7-pin version: 6BD6 *'''6SL7/ECC35''' – Dual triode, used in TV and general electronics *'''[[6SN7]]/ECC32''' (M-OV ''B65'', Brimar ''13D2'', ''CV1986'', 6042?) – Medium-mu dual triode, each section is equivalent to a 6J5, used in audio amplifiers, [[Hammond organ]]s, television, and extensively in World War II radar; Noval version: 12AU7 [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:6SN7|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''6SS7''' – Remote-cutoff pentode; 6SK7 with a 150 mA heater, found in some AA6 radios as both the RF amplifier and first IF. This is the only RETMA tube to have a same-letter repetition *'''6T5''' – Top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator with a remote-cutoff driver triode, UX6 base; 6G5/6U5 with a ring-shaped indicating area that varies its inner diameter with the signal strength *'''6T7-G''' – Dual diode + high-mu triode, Octal base with top cap, 150 mA heater, used in pre-war [[Antique radio#Farm radios|farm radios]]; similar to type 6Q7 *'''{{Visible anchor|6T8}}''' – Triple diode + high-mu triode. Has three identical diodes – two have cathodes connected to the triode's cathode, one has a separate cathode. Triode amplification factor: 70. Used as an AM detector/AVC rectifier/FM ratio detector/AF amplifier in North American AM/FM radios; [[#6AK8|{{color|Green|6AK8}}]]/[[#EABC80|{{color|Green|EABC80}}]] with a shorter glass envelope *'''6U5''' – See 6G5/6U5 *'''6U7-G''' – Remote-cutoff RF pentode. Most common commercial uses were as an IF amplifier or as a superheterodyne mixer, aka 1st detector. Also used in test equipment; 6D6 with an Octal base. Most direct substitute: 6K7. Similar to types 58, 78 and 6SK7 *'''6U8/ECF82''' – Triode + pentode, Noval base. Audio preamplifier *'''6U10''' – ''Compactron'' 1× High-mu + 2× medium-mu triple triode *'''6V4/EZ80''' – 90 mA Full-wave rectifier, indirectly heated, Noval base *'''[[6V6]]''' – Beam power tetrode, used in single-ended Class-A audio output stages of radios and sometimes seen in Class-B audio amplifiers (see also: 5V6 and 12V6). Electrically similar to 6AQ5/EL90 [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:6V6|class=noviewer|alt=]] :*'''6V6G''' – 6V6 with ''Shouldered Tubular'' (ST) shaped envelope :*'''6V6GT''' – 6V6 with ''Tubular'', (T), shaped envelope *'''6V7-G''' – Dual diode + medium-mu triode, amplification factor: 8.3; Octal version of type 85, similar to type 6R7 *'''6W6-GT''' – Beam power pentode, used most often as a vertical deflection output tube in monochrome TV receivers of the 1950s. Can also used as an audio output tube; 12L6-GT or 25L6-GT or 50L6-GT with a 6.3 volt heater *'''6X4/EZ90''' (Miniature 7-pin base) and '''6X5/EZ35''' (Octal base) – Full-wave rectifiers with indirectly heated common cathode, based on type 84/6Z4 More of these tubes are listed as equivalents under M-P ''[[#E - 6.3 V heater|{{color|Green|'''E''' - 6.3 V heater}}]]'' ==='''7''' prefix - Loctal tubes=== These tubes all have 6.3 V heaters despite the 7-prefix, intended to indicate a Loctal base Actual 7V heater tubes are listed [[#300 mA series heater tubes|{{color|Green|below as series heater tubes}}]] *'''7A4''' – [[Control grid#Effects of grid position|Medium-mu]] triode; Loctal version of type 6J5, often numbered 7A4/XXL *'''7A5''' – Beam power pentode; Loctal version of type 6U6GT *'''7A6''' – Dual detector diode; similar to type 6H6 *'''7A7''' – [[Cut-off (electronics)|Remote-cutoff]] pentode; Loctal version of type 6SK7 *'''7A8''' – The only octode [[pentagrid converter]] produced in America by [[Sylvania Electric Products|Sylvania]], 1939. Used mostly in [[Philco]] radios *'''7AB7''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode *'''7AD7''' – Power pentode *'''7AF7''' – Dual medium-mu triode *'''7AG7''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode *'''7AH7''' – Remote-cutoff pentode *'''7AJ7''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode *'''[[7AK7]]''' – Sharp-cutoff, dual-control pentode for computer service. Perhaps the first active device specifically designed for computer use [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:7AK7|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''7B4''' – High-mu triode; Loctal version of types 6F5 and 6SF5 *'''7B5''' – Power pentode; Loctal version of types 6K6 and 41 *'''7B6''' – High-mu triode + dual detector diodes; Loctal version of type 75, similar to types 6AV6/EBC91 and 6SQ7 *'''7B7''' – Remote-cutoff pentode *'''7B8''' – Heptode [[pentagrid converter]]; Loctal version of types 6A7 and 6A8 *'''7C4''' – High frequency diode *'''7C5''' – Beam power pentode; Loctal version of type 6V6 *'''7C6''' – High-mu triode + dual detector diode *'''7C7''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode *'''7E5''' – Medium-mu RF triode *'''7E6''' – Medium-mu triode + dual detector diode; Loctal version of types 6R7 and 6SR7; Miniature 7-pin version: 6BF6 *'''7E7''' – Semiremote-cutoff pentode + dual detector diode; similar to types 6B7 and 6B8 *'''7F7''' – High-mu dual triode; Loctal version of type 6SL7-GT *'''7F8''' – Medium-mu VHF triode, used as FM RF amplifier and converter *'''7G7''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode *'''7G8''' – Sharp-cutoff dual tetrode *'''7H7''' – Semiremote-cutoff pentode *'''7J7''' – Triode/heptode mixer; similar to type 6J8-G *'''7K7''' – High-mu triode + dual detector diode; similar to types 6AT6/EBC90 and 6Q7 *'''7L7''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode *'''7N7''' – Dual medium-mu triode; Loctal version of type 6SN7-GT *'''7Q7''' – Heptode pentagrid converter; similar to type 6SA7 *'''7R7''' – Remote-cutoff pentode + dual detector diode *'''7S7''' – Triode/heptode mixer *'''7T7''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode *'''7V7''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode *'''7W7''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode :'''Note:''' Types 7V7 and 7W7 are electronically identical except for base connections of pins 4, 5 and 7. On type 7V7, the suppressor grid (grid 3) is connected to pin 4, an internal shield is connected to pin 5, and the cathode is connected to pin 7. On type 7W7, the suppressor grid and internal shield are connected to pin 5, and the cathode is connected to pins 4 and 7. All other pin connections are the same. If interchanging these tube types is necessary, confirm that pins 4 and 7 are connected at the socket. Pin 5 is usually connected to the chassis. *'''7X6''' – Separate cathode dual rectifier for use as a [[voltage doubler]] *'''7X7''' – High-mu triode + dual detector diodes on separate cathodes, used as FM discriminator and AF amplifier, often numbered 7X7/XXFM *'''7Y4''' – Full-wave rectifier *'''7Z4''' – Full-wave rectifier ==='''12''' volt heater tubes=== ====For fixed/mobile equipment==== Many of these tubes have a 150 mA heater and so were popular in [[All American Five|AA5 radio receivers]]; some have 300, 450 or 600 mA heaters for use in TV receivers *'''12A7''' – Half-wave rectifier + power pentode, UX7 base with top cap. Pentode section is similar to type 38. Rectifier has a low power rating – 120 V/30 mA – that limits the number of tubes that can be tied to its B+ circuit. Used in one-tube portable phonographs and a few two- and three-tube radios; forerunner of such types as 32L7-GT, 70L7-GT and 117L7-GT. Not related to types 2A7 and 6A7 *'''12AB5''' – Beam power tetrodehttps://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/191/1/12AB5.pdf *'''12AC10''' – ''[[Compactron]]'' High-mu triple triode for use as [[NTSC]] [[Chrominance|chroma signal]] [[Analog television#Color video signal extraction|demodulator matrix]] in analog [[Color television|color TV]] receivers *'''12AE10''' – ''Compactron'' Beam power tetrode + sharp-cutoff pentode *'''12AL5/HAA91''' – Dual diode with separate cathodes, Miniature 7-pin base; 6AL5/EAA91, UAA91 or 3AL5/XAA91 with a different heater *'''12AT6/HBC90''' – Dual diode + triode (Commonly replaced by 12AV6/HBC91 in consumer radios) *'''12AV6/HBC91''' – Dual diode + high-mu triode; 6AV6/EBC91 with a different heater *'''12BA6/HF93''' – Remote-cutoff pentode; 6BA6/EF93 with a different heater *'''12BE6/HK90''' – Heptode [[pentagrid converter]]; 6BE6/EK90 with a different heater *'''12DT6''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode *'''12FQ8''' – Common cathode, dual split-anode triode for use in musical instruments, frequency dividers and complex wave generators[[#RCARC|{{color|Green|RCA: ''Receiving Tube Manual RC21''}}]], p.360 *'''12J5WGT''' – Indirectly heated medium-mu triode; 6J5WGT with a different heater *'''12L8GT''' – Common-cathode dual power pentode, Octal base, for use as a parallel-connected or push-pull output stage *'''12MD8''' – Medium-mu triple triode for use as [[NTSC]] [[Chrominance|chroma signal]] [[Analog television#Color video signal extraction|demodulator matrix]] in analog [[Color television|color TV]] receivers, B9E Novar 9-pin base *'''12MN8''' – ''Compactron'' High-mu triple triode for use as NTSC chroma signal demodulator matrix in analog color TV receivers *'''12SA7''' – Heptode pentagrid converter; 12BE6/HK90 with an Octal base *'''12SC7''' – High-mu dual triode, 12.6 V/150 mA heater, for use as AF amplifier or phase inverter *'''12SK7''' – Remote-cutoff pentode; 12BA6/HF93 with an Octal base *'''12SQ7''' – Dual diode + triode; 12AV6/HBC91 with an Octal base *'''12U5G''' – Tuning indicator; 6U5G with a different heater *'''12Z3''' – Half-wave rectifier, UX4 base —'''with a center-tapped heater''', used in: {{ordered list|type=lower-roman |Dual-system (6V and 12V) [[Vehicle audio|car radios]], |Parallel heater circuits - the same tube may be wired for 6.3 or 12.6V, |Series heater strings - the same tube may be wired for e.g. 150 or 300mA }} *'''12A4''' – High-perveance triode for use as vertical deflection amplifier, center-tapped 12.6 V/300 mA resp. 6.3 V/600 mA heater, Noval base *'''12A5''' – Power pentode, UX7 base, center-tapped 12.6 V/300 mA resp. 6.3 V/600 mA heater. Mostly used in pre-war car radios *'''12AD7''' – Dual high-mu triode, center-tapped 12.6 V/225 mA resp. 6.3 V/450 mA heater, Noval base *'''[[12AT7]]/ECC81''', M-OV '''B309''' (''6060'', ''M8162'') – [[Control grid#Effects of grid position|High-mu]] dual triode with a center-tapped 12.6 V/150 mA resp. 6.3 V/300 mA heater. Commonly used as RF amplifier/mixer in VHF circuits [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:12AT7/ECC81|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''[[12AU7]]/ECC82''', M-OV '''B329''' (''6067'', ''M8136'') – Medium-mu dual triode with a center-tapped 12.6 V/150 mA resp. 6.3 V/300 mA heater. Two 6C4/EC90s in one envelope;{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/184/1/12AU7.pdf |publisher=[[Standard Telephones and Cables|STC]] |title=12AU7 data sheet |date=August 1950 |access-date=1 May 2017}} however, it is only specified as an audio frequency device. Commonly used in audio applications and TV receivers [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:12AU7/ECC82|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''12AV7''' (''5965'') – Medium-mu dual triode with a center-tapped 12.6 V/225 mA resp. 6.3 V/450 mA heater. Principally designed for VHF amplifier/mixer operationhttps://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/127/1/12AV7.pdf *'''[[12AX7]]/ECC83''', M-OV '''B327''' (''6057'', ''M8137'') – High-mu dual triode with a center-tapped 12.6 V/150 mA resp. 6.3 V/300 mA heater. Very similar to triode section of 6AV6/EBC91. Commonly used in high-gain audio stages [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:12AX7/ECC83|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''12AY7''' – Dual triode with a center-tapped 12.6 V/150 mA resp. 6.3 V/300 mA heater. Medium gain but low noise, intended for low-level/preamplifier use *'''12AZ7''' – Medium-mu dual triode with a center-tapped 12.6 V/225 mA resp. 6.3 V/450 mA heater, Noval base, for use as AF Amplifier, or combined oscillator and mixerhttps://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/127/1/12AZ7.pdf *'''12B4A''' – Power triode with a center-tapped 12.6 V/300 mA resp. 6.3 V/600 mA heater, Noval base *'''12BH7''' – Medium-mu dual power triode with a center-tapped 12.6 V/300 mA resp. 6.3 V/600 mA heaterhttps://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/049/1/12BH7A.pdf *[[12BV7|'''12BV7''', '''12BY7/EL180''', '''12DQ7''']] – [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] cathode drive power pentodes with a center-tapped 12.6 V/300 mA resp. 6.3 V/600 mA heater[https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/191/1/12BY7A.pdf 12BV7, 12BY7/EL180, 12DQ7 data sheet] *'''12BZ7''' – Dual high-mu triode for use as sync separator and amplifier, center-tapped 12.6 V/300 mA resp. 6.3 V/600 mA heater, Noval base *'''12DF5''' – Separate cathode dual rectifier, center-tapped 12.6 V/450 mA resp. 6.3 V/900 mA heater, Noval base *'''12DF7''' – Dual triode, low-[[microphonics]] version of 12AX7, center-tapped 12.6 V/150 mA resp. 6.3 V/300 mA heater, Noval base *'''12DM7''' – Dual high-mu triode, low hum, center-tapped 12.6 V/130 mA resp. 6.3 V/260 mA heater, Noval base *'''12DQ7''' – CRT cathode drive beam power pentode, center-tapped 12.6 V/300 mA resp. 6.3 V/600 mA heater, Noval base *'''12DT7''' – Dual high-mu AF triode, center-tapped 12.6 V/150 mA resp. 6.3 V/300 mA heater, Noval base *'''12DW7/ECC832''' (''7247'') – Dual dissimilar AF triode with a center-tapped 12.6 V/150 mA resp. 6.3 V/300 mA heater; one half 12AX7-type triode, other half 12AU7-type triode *'''12GN7/12HG7''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode for use as video amplifier, center-tapped 12.6 V/300 mA resp. 6.3 V/600 mA heater, Noval base *'''12H4''' – Triode, center-tapped 12.6 V/150 mA resp. 6.3 V/300 mA heater, Miniature 7-pin base *'''12HL7''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode for use as video amplifier, center-tapped 12.6 V/300 mA resp. 6.3 V/600 mA heater, Noval base *'''12U7''' – Dual medium-mu triode, center-tapped 12.6 V/150 mA resp. 6.3 V/300 mA heater, Noval base ====For mobile equipment==== *'''12AC6''' – Low (12.6-30 V) anode voltage remote-cutoff pentode, 12.6 V/150 mA heater, Miniature 7-pin base *'''12AD6''' – Low (10.0-15.9 V) anode voltage sharp-cutoff heptode [[pentagrid converter]] *'''12AE7''' – Low (12.6-16 V) anode voltage dissimilar (medium-mu + low-mu) triodes, 12.6 V/450 mA heater, Noval base *'''12AG6''' – Low (12.6-16 V) anode voltage heptode pentagrid converter, 12.6 V/150 mA heater, Miniature 7-pin base *'''12AL8''' – Low (12.6-30 V) anode voltage medium-mu triode + power tetrode with a [[Tetrode#Space charge grid tube|space charge grid]], 12.6 V/550 mA heater, Noval base *'''12CX6''' – Low (12.6-33 V) anode voltage sharp-cutoff pentode, 12.6 V/150 mA heater, Miniature 7-pin base *'''12DE8''' – Diode + low (12.6-30 V) anode voltage, remote-cutoff pentode, 12.6 V/200 mA heater, Noval base *'''12DK7''' – Dual diode + low (12.6-30 V) anode voltage power tetrode, 12.6 V/500 mA heater, Noval base *'''12DL8''' – Dual diode + low (12.6-30 V) anode voltage power tetrode with a space charge grid, 12.6 V/550 mA heater, Noval base *'''12DS7''' – Dual diode + low (12.6-16 V) anode voltage power tetrode, 12.6 V/400 mA heater, Noval base *'''12DU7''' – Dual diode + low (12.6-16 V) anode voltage power tetrode, 12.6 V/250 mA heater, Noval base *'''12DV7''' – Dual diode + low (12.6-16 V) anode voltage triode, 12.6 V/150 mA heater, Noval base *'''12DV8''' – Dual diode + low (12.6-16 V) anode voltage power tetrode with a space charge grid, 12.6 V/375 mA heater, Noval base *'''12DW8''' – Diode + low (12.6-16 V) anode voltage, dissimilar dual triode, 12.6 V/450 mA heater, Noval base *'''12DY8''' – Low (12.6-16 V) anode voltage medium-mu triode + remote-cutoff pentode, 12.6 V/350 mA heater, Noval base *'''12DZ6''' – Low (12.6-16 V) anode voltage RF pentode, 12.6 V/190 mA heater, Miniature 7-pin base *'''12EA6''' – Low (12.6-16 V) anode voltage IF pentode, 12.6 V/175 mA heater, Miniature 7-pin base *'''12EC8''' – Low (12.6-16 V) anode voltage medium-mu triode + semiremote-cutoff pentode, 12.6 V/225 mA heater, Noval base *'''12EG6''' – Low (12.6-30 V) anode voltage heptode pentagrid converter, both grids 1 and 3 are sharp-cutoff, 12.6 V/150 mA heater, Miniature 7-pin base *'''12EL6''' – Dual diode + low (12.6-30 V) anode voltage, high-mu triode, 12.6 V/150 mA heater, Miniature 7-pin base *'''12EM6''' – Diode + low (12.6-30 V) anode voltage power tetrode, 12.6 V/500 mA heater, Noval base *'''12FA6''' – Low (12.6-30 V) anode voltage heptode pentagrid converter, 12.6 V/150 mA heater, Miniature 7-pin base; car radio version of 12BE6/HK90 *'''12FM6''' – Dual diode + low (12.6-30 V) anode voltage, medium-mu triode, 12.6 V/150 mA heater, Miniature 7-pin base *'''12FR8''' – Diode + low (12.6-16 V) anode voltage triode + pentode for use as IF/AF amplifier and detector, 12.6 V/320 mA heater, Noval base *'''12FT6''' – Dual diode + low (12.6-30 V) anode voltage triode for use as detector and AF Amplifier, 12.6 V/150 mA heater, Miniature 7-pin base *'''12FX8''' – Low (12.6-16 V) anode voltage triode/heptode mixer, 12.6 V/270mA heater, Noval base *'''12GA6''' – Low (12.6-16 V) anode voltage heptode pentagrid converter, 12.6 V/150 mA heater, Miniature 7-pin base; similar to type 12FA6, but with lower conversion [[transconductance]] *'''12J8''' – Dual diode + low (12.6-30 V) anode voltage power tetrode, 12.6 V/325 mA heater, Noval base *'''12K5''' – Low (12.6-30 V) anode voltage power tetrode with a space charge grid, 12.6 V/400 mA heater, Miniature 7-pin base; cf. 13П1С, Shuguang 13P1P *'''12SW7''' – Dual diode + low (26.5-250 V) anode voltage triode, 12.6 V/150 mA heater, Octal base *'''12SX7GT''' – Low (26.5-300 V) anode voltage dual triode, 12.6 V/300 mA heater, Octal base *'''12SY7''' – Low (26.5-300 V) anode voltage pentagrid converter, 12.6 V/150 mA heater, Octal base ==='''14''' prefix - Loctal tubes=== These tubes all have 12.6 V heaters despite the 14-prefix, intended to indicate a Loctal base. Most draw 150 mA for use in [[All American Five|AA5 radio receivers]] Actual 14V heater tubes are listed [[#150 mA series heater tubes|{{color|Green|below as series heater tubes}}]] *'''14A4''' – [[Control grid#Effects of grid position|Medium-mu]] triode; Loctal version of type 12J5 *'''14A5''' – Beam power pentode *'''14A7''' – Remote-cutoff pentode, often numbered 14A7/12B7 *'''14AF7''' – Dual medium-mu triodes, often numbered 14AF7/XXD *'''14B6''' – High-mu triode + dual detector diode; similar to types 12AV6/HBC91 and 12SQ7 *'''14B8''' – Heptode [[pentagrid converter]]; Loctal version of type 12A8 *'''14C5''' – Beam power pentode; Loctal version of type 12V6-GT *'''14C7''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode *'''14E6''' – Medium-mu triode + dual detector diode; Loctal version of 12SR7 *'''14E7''' – Semiremote-cutoff pentode + dual detector diode; similar to type 12C8 *'''14F7''' – High-mu dual triode; Loctal version of type 12SL7-GT *'''14F8''' – Medium-mu high frequency triode, used as FM RF amplifier and converter *'''14H7''' – Semiremote-cutoff pentode *'''14J7''' – Triode/heptode mixer *'''14N7''' – Dual medium-mu triode; Loctal version of type 12SN7-GT *'''14Q7''' – Heptode pentagrid converter; similar to type 12SA7 *'''14R7''' – Remote-cutoff pentode + dual detector diode *'''14S7''' – Triode/heptode mixer *'''14W7''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode *'''14X7''' – High-mu triode + dual detector diodes on separate cathodes, used as FM discriminator and AF amplifier *'''14Y4''' – Full-wave rectifier ==='''25''' volt series heater tubes=== ;For [[All American Five|AA5 radio receivers]] with 150 mA series heater strings *'''25F5''' – Beam power pentode; 50C5 with half the heater power, allowing for push-pull output stages with the heater spec of a single 50C5 ;For AA5 radio receivers with 300 mA series heater strings *'''25A6''' – Power pentode, Octal version of type 43 *'''25C5''' – Beam power pentode; 50C5 with a different heater *'''[[25L6]]''' – Beam power pentode; 12L6 or 50L6 with a different heater; besides AA5, also popular for high-speed [[Logic gate|gating]], or as a relay or [[keypunch]] [[solenoid]] driver, in early computers such as the [[UNIVAC I]], where the heater ran off the equipment's 24-volts supply bus. As the 25L6GT developed [[Hot cathode#Failure modes|cathode interface/poisoning]] after prolonged periods in [[Cut-off (electronics)|cut-off]], the [[#EIA professional tubes system|{{color|Green|EIA}}]]-type 6046 was derived from it, which didn't suffer from this problem [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:25L6|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''25Z5''' – Separate cathode dual rectifier for use as a [[voltage doubler]] *'''25Z6''' – 25Z5 with an Octal base ==='''35''' volt series heater tubes=== ;For [[All American Five|AA5 radio receivers]] with 150 mA series heater strings *'''35A5''' – Beam power tetrode, Loctal base; similar to 35L6 *'''35B5''' – Beam power tetrode *'''35C5''' – 35B5 with a revised pinout to address concerns that high peak voltage between 4 (heater) and 5 (anode) would promote socket breakdown{{cite web |url=http://home.netcom.com/~wa2ise/radios/aa5h.html |title=History of the AA5 (All American 5ive) AM tube radio |publisher=Wa2ise |access-date=2017-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424082127/http://home.netcom.com/~wa2ise/radios/aa5h.html|archive-date=2017-04-24 |url-status=dead |df=}} *'''35DZ8''' – [[Control grid#Effects of grid position|High-mu]] triode + power pentode, used for audio; similar to 35HB8 *'''35HB8''' – Triode + beam power tetrode, used primarily as both the audio preamplifier and output *'''35L6-GT''' – Beam power pentode similar to, but not electronically identical to, types 12L6-GT, 25L6-GT and 50L6-GT *'''35W4''' – Half-wave rectifier with a heater tap for a pilot light *'''35Y4''' – Half-wave rectifier with a heater tap for a pilot light, Loctal base; similar to 35Z5 *'''35Z3''' – Half-wave rectifier, Loctal base; similar to 35Z4 *'''35Z4-GT''' – Half-wave rectifier *'''35Z5-GT''' – 35Z4-GT with a heater tap for a pilot light ==='''50''' volt series heater tubes=== ;For [[All American Five|AA5 radio receivers]] with 150 mA series heater strings *'''50A5''' – Beam power tetrode, Loctal base; similar to 50L6 *'''50B5''' – Beam power tetrode, 35B5 with a 50 volt heater *'''[[50C5]]''' – 50B5 with a revised pinout to address concerns that high peak voltage between 4 (heater) and 5 (anode) would promote socket breakdown *'''50DC4''' – Half-wave rectifier, 35W4 with a 50 volt heater *'''50EH5''' – Beam power tetrode, some radios that use this tube do not have an audio amplifier section; similar to 50C5 but with higher gain *'''50HK6''' – Power pentode with a heater tap for a pilot light *'''50L6''' – Beam power tetrode, 12L6 or 25L6 with a 50 volt heater *'''50X6''' – Separate cathode dual rectifier for use as a [[voltage doubler]], Loctal base ==='''117''' volt heater tubes=== These tubes operate with their heaters connected directly to the 117 volt (now 120 volt) electrical mains of North America. They are indirectly heated and were used in one-tube [[Phonograph#Piezoelectric (crystal/ceramic) cartridges|phonographs]] and ''Three-way portable'' (AC or DC mains, or batteries) radio receivers ====Rectifier and beam power pentode==== *'''117L7GT''' = '''117M7GT''' – Half-wave rectifier + beam power pentode *'''117N7GT''' – Half-wave rectifier + beam power pentode *'''117P7GT''' – Half-wave rectifier + beam power pentode ====Rectifiers==== *'''117Z3''' – Half-wave rectifier; 117Z4GT with a Miniature 7-pin base *'''117Z4GT''' – Half-wave rectifier *'''117Z6GT''' – Separate cathode dual rectifier for use as a [[voltage doubler]]; some versions have a center-tapped heater that can also be wired for 150 mA/58.5 V ===100 mA series heater tubes=== Used in radio receivers with [[#Heater or filament ratings|{{color|Green|series heater strings}}]] *'''18FX6''' – Heptode [[pentagrid converter]]; 6BE6/EK90 or 12BE6/HK90 with an 18 V heater *'''18FY6''' – Dual diode + triode; 6AV6/EBC91 or 12AV6/HBC91 with an 18 V heater *'''34GD5''' – Beam power tetrode; 35C5 or 50C5 with a 34 V heater *'''36AM3''' – Half-wave rectifier; 35W4 with a 36 V heater *'''60FX5''' – AF power pentode; 12FX5 or 19FX5 with a 60 V heater More of these tubes are listed as equivalents under M-P ''[[#U - 100 mA heater|{{color|Green|'''U''' - 100 mA heater}}]]'' ===150 mA series heater tubes=== Used in [[All American Five|AA5 radios]], and semi-[[Wiktionary:transistorized|transistorized]] TV receivers with [[#Heater or filament ratings|{{color|Green|series heater strings}}]] *'''14GT8/7724''', '''14JG8''' – Dual diode, high-mu triode for use as FM detector and AF amplifier *'''17EW8/HCC85''' – Dual triode for use as VHF oscillator/mixer up to 200 MHz, Noval base; 6AQ8/ECC85, 9AQ8/PCC85 or UCC85 with a 17.5 V heater *'''19T8/HABC80''' – [[Control grid#Effects of grid position|High-mu]] triode + triple diode (two on common cathode with triode, one with independent cathode), Noval base, used as an AF amplifier, AM detector and FM ratio detector in series-heated post-war AM/FM radios; 5T8, [[#6T8|{{color|Green|6T8}}]], [[#6AK8|{{color|Green|6AK8}}]]/[[#EABC80|{{color|Green|EABC80}}]], 9AK8/PABC80 or 27AK8/UABC80 with an 18.9 V heater *'''40B2''' – 20 to 60 V [[Iron–hydrogen resistor|Barretter]], Octal base, to stabilize against mains voltage fluctuations *'''50JY6''' – Horizontal deflection beam power pentode *'''56R9''' – ''[[Compactron]]'' AF triode + beam power pentode, separate heaters for triode (14 V) and pentode (42 V) for flexibility with the series string order *'''70A7''', '''70L7''' – Half-wave rectifier + beam power pentode More of these tubes are listed as equivalents under M-P ''[[#H - 150 mA heater|{{color|Green|'''H''' - 150 mA heater}}]]'' ===300 mA series heater tubes=== Most are series heater versions of respective 6-prefix tubes; used in TV receivers with [[#Heater or filament ratings|{{color|Green|series heater strings}}]] *'''4HK5''' – VHF frame-grid, [[Control grid#Grid variations|variable-mu]] triode; 2HK5, 3HK5 or 6HK5 with a 4.0 V heater *'''6AU7''' – AF, Medium-mu dual triode; 12AU7/ECC82 with a different, but also center-tapped heater that can be wired for 300 mA/6.3 V or 600 mA/3.15 V *'''6AX7''' – AF, High-mu dual triode; 12AX7/ECC83 with a different, but also center-tapped heater that can be wired for 300 mA/6.3 V or 600 mA/3.15 V *'''6CN7''' – Dual common cathode diode + triode for use as horizontal phase detector and reactance tube in TV receivers; 8CN7 with a different, but also center-tapped heater that can be wired for 300 mA/6.3 V or 600 mA/3.15 V *'''7AU7/XCC82''' – 6AU7 Dual triode with a 300 mA/7.0 V resp. 600 mA/3.5 V heater *'''42A1''' (141 Ω), '''49A1''' (162 Ω), '''55A1''' (183 Ω), '''80A1''' (266 Ω), '''86A1''' (287 Ω), '''92A1''' (308 Ω) – Straight ballast resistors, Octal base, for use in areas with a [[Electrical grid#Voltage|stable power grid]] *'''42A2''', '''49A2''', '''55A2''', '''80A2''', '''86A2''', '''92A2''' – Straight ballast resistors with tap for 2 pilot lights *'''42B2''', '''49B2''', '''55B2''', '''80B2''', '''86B2''', '''92B2''' – Straight ballast resistors with tap for 1 pilot light *'''50A2''' (with tap for 2 pilot lights), '''50B2''' (with tap for 1 pilot light) – 50 V Barretter, 4-pin base, to stabilize against mains voltage fluctuations *'''58HE7''' – ''[[Compactron]]'' High-perveance damper diode + horizontal deflection beam power pentode; 6HE7, 12HE7 or 38HE7 with a 58 V heater More of these tubes are listed as equivalents under M-P ''[[#P - 300 mA heater|{{color|Green|'''P''' - 300 mA heater}}]]'' ===450 mA series heater tubes=== Most are series heater versions of respective 6-prefix tubes; used in TV receivers with [[#Heater or filament ratings|{{color|Green|series heater strings}}]] *'''2CW4''' – ''[[Nuvistor]]'' High-mu VHF triode, 6CW4 with a 2.1 V heater *'''2EN5''' – Dual diode *'''4BN6''' – ''Gated-beam discriminator'' pentode, used in [[Detector (radio)#Quadrature detector|FM quadrature detector]]s; 3BN6, 6BN6, 12BN6 with a 4.2 V heater *'''4CB6''' – [[Cut-off (electronics)|Sharp-cutoff]] pentode *'''4DT6''' – Quadrature detector pentode used in FM audio demodulators; 3DT6, 6DT6 with a 4.2 V heater *'''7KY6''' – Sharp-cutoff frame-grid pentode with a 7.3 V heater for use as video output tube in TV receivers, Noval base[[#RCARC|{{color|Green|RCA: ''Receiving Tube Manual RC30''}}]], p.397 *'''8AC10''' – ''[[Compactron]]'' High-mu triple triode for use as [[NTSC]] [[Chrominance|chroma signal]] [[Analog television#Color video signal extraction|demodulator matrix]] in analog [[Color television|color TV]] receivers *'''8B10''' – ''Compactron'' Dual triode + dual diode *'''8CG7/8FQ7''' – Dual triode; 6CG7/6FQ7, 12FQ7 with an 8.4 V heater *'''8CN7''' – Dual common cathode diode + triode for use as horizontal phase detector and reactance tube in TV receivers; 6CN7 with a different, but also center-tapped heater that can be wired for 225 mA/8.4 V or 450 mA/4.2 V *'''11DS5''' – Beam power tetrode; 50B5 or 35B5 with an 11.2 V heater *'''13J10/13Z10''' – ''Compactron'' Quadrature detector pentode + power pentode, used as FM audio demodulator and power stage; 6J10/6Z10, 10Z10 with a 13.2 V heater *'''38HE7''', '''38HK7''' – ''Compactron'' High-perveance damper diode + horizontal deflection beam power pentode *'''42KN6''' – ''Compactron'' Horizontal deflection beam power pentode; 6KN6 with a 42 V heater More of these tubes are listed as equivalents under M-P ''[[#L - 450 mA heater|{{color|Green|'''L''' - 450 mA heater}}]]'' ===600 mA series heater tubes=== Most are series heater versions of respective 6-prefix tubes; used in color TV receivers with [[#Heater or filament ratings|{{color|Green|series heater strings}}]] *'''2AF4''' – UHF Medium-mu oscillator triode; 6AF4/EC94 with a 2.35 V heater *'''2BN4''' – VHF triode *'''2CY5''' – VHF sharp-cutoff tetrode *'''2EA5''' – VHF sharp-cutoff tetrode *'''2EG4''' – ''Nuvistor'' High-mu VHF triode, 1.7 volt heater *'''2ER5/XC95''' – [[Control grid#Grid variations|Variable-mu]] VHF triode; 4ER5/PC95 or 6ER5/EC95 with a 2.3 V heater *'''2ES5''' – VHF triode *'''2EV5''' – VHF sharp-cutoff tetrode *'''2FH5''' – VHF triode *'''2FQ5''' – VHF semiremote-cutoff triode *'''2FV6''' – VHF sharp-cutoff tetrode *'''2FY5/XC97''' – Frame-grid VHF triode; 4FY5/PC97 or 6FY5/EC97 with a 2.4 V heater *'''5J6''' – Dual VHF triode; 6J6/ECC91 with a 4.7 V/600 mA controlled warm-up heater[https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/127/5/5J6.pdf 5J6 data sheet] - this particular Tung-Sol datasheet contains a copy/paste error in the description where it cites 6J6's 450 mA heater current when it should read 5J6's 600 mA *'''5T8''' – [[Control grid#Effects of grid position|High-mu]] triode + triple diode (two on common cathode with triode, one with independent cathode), Noval base, used as an AF amplifier, AM detector and FM ratio detector in series-heated post-war AM/FM radios; [[#6T8|{{color|Green|6T8}}]], [[#6AK8|{{color|Green|6AK8}}]]/[[#EABC80|{{color|Green|EABC80}}]], 9AK8/PABC80, 19T8/HABC80 or 27AK8/UABC80 with a 4.7 V heater *'''10DE7''' – Dual triode (dissimilar triode sections) for use as vertical deflection oscillator and amplifier; 6DE7 or 13DE7 with a 9.7 V heater *'''30KD6''' – ''[[Compactron]]'' Horizontal deflection beam power pentode; 6KD6 or 36KD6/40KD6 with a 30 V heater More of these tubes are listed as equivalents under M-P ''[[#X - 600 mA heater|{{color|Green|'''X''' - 600 mA heater}}]]'' ===Other tubes=== *'''13CW4''' – ''[[Nuvistor]]'' High-mu VHF triode (13.5 V/60 mA heater version of the 6CW4) for use as a [[RF front end|low-noise front end]] in standalone, semi-[[Wiktionary:transistorized|transistorized]] [[Antenna amplifier|antenna boosters]]; later also used as a [[microphone preamplifier|preamplifier]] in [[Georg Neumann|Neumann]] [[Valve microphone|condenser microphones]] [[Neumann U47|''U-47'' and ''U-48'']] after the production of the [[#VF|{{color|Green|VF14M}}]] ceased[http://lilienthalengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/Neumann-U47-schematic-ed.png Neumann U47 schematic] *'''20EZ7''' – Dual high-mu AF triode, center-tapped 20 V/100 mA resp. 10 V/200 mA heater, Noval base; cf. 407A *'''26A6''' – Remote-cutoff pentode with a 12-cell lead-acid battery heater *'''26A7GT''' – Low (26.5-50 V) anode voltage dual AF beam power pentode designed for both heater and anode to run directly off the standard [[avionics]] 28-volts DC bus, for use as a push–pull audio amplifier; cf. 13П1С, Shuguang 13P1P *'''26BK6''', '''26C6''' – Dual diode + triode with a 12-cell lead-acid battery heater *'''26D6''' – Heptode pentagrid with a 12-cell lead-acid battery heater *'''26E6WG''' – Avionics AF beam power pentode *'''26Z5W''' – Avionics dual power diode, separate cathodes *'''28D7W''' – Low (28-100 V) anode voltage dual AF beam power pentode designed for both heater and anode to run directly off the standard avionics 28-volts DC bus, shock resistant up to 350 [[g-force|g]], for use as a push–pull audio amplifier, or as switching element of a self-excited [[Push–pull converter|push–pull DC/DC converter]] to provide up to 725 mW of anode high voltage supply for conventional tubes *'''40A1''', '''50A1''' – [[Iron–hydrogen resistor|Barretters]] for use as [[Cathode bias|cathode resistors]] of horizontal-deflection output tubes in early TV receivers to stabilize the picture width against mains voltage fluctuations ==List of ''[[Electronic Industries Alliance|EIA]]'' professional tubes== '''Note:''' Most of these are special quality versions of the equivalents given. Some manufacturers preceded the [[EIA standards|EIA]] number with a manufacturer's code, as explained [[#EIA professional tubes system|{{color|Green|above}}]]. ==='''4000'''s=== *'''4042''' – Ceramic/metal ''pencil''-type disk-[[Cermet#Ceramic-to-metal joints and seals|seal]] UHF power triode for pulsed operation up to 425 W *'''4062A''' – Ceramic/metal ''pencil''-type disk-seal SHF power triode up to 4 GHz, mu = 100, Panode = 10 W *'''4065''' – Directly heated [[electrometer]] triode, grid current ≤125 fA, 4-pin all-glass pigtail, for [[Test probe|probe]] amplifiers *'''4205''' – Directly heated power triode, 4-pin bayonet base with offset pin *'''4270A''' = STC '''3C/350E''' – Directly heated power triode, 3-pin base *'''4275''' – Directly heated power triode, 4-pin base *'''4300''' – Directly heated power triode, 4-pin base *'''4307A''' – Directly heated power pentode; remotely similar to the indirectly heated [[807 (vacuum tube)|807]] beam power tetrode. Both types have an ST-16 envelope with an anode cap and a U5A American 5-pin base [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:SY4307A|class=noviewer|alt=]] :The '''[[SY4307A]]''' made by [[Standard Telephones and Cables]] Australia is historically notable because a pair of them in parallel [[Power amplifier classes#Class C|Class-C]] was used as the output stage in a transmitter built in secret by Australian soldiers in Japanese-occupied Portuguese [[Timor]] during [[World War II]] in 1942. This transmitter, now reconstructed and on display at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra, was called "Winnie the War Winner".http://www.ww2australia.gov.au/japadvance/boots.html :*'''4307AF''' – 4307A qualified for use in [[Aircraft station|standard aircraft radio]] *'''4560''' – [[Character generator]] [[monoscope]] for [[text mode]] video rendering in [[Video display terminal#Early VDUs|early computer monitors]], with a square target having letters, digits and symbols stenciled into it in a customer-supplied 8×8 array. An electron beam selects and scans a character, both by appropriate [[electrostatic deflection]], and generates an [[Luma (video)|analog video signal]];{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/049/4/4560.pdf |publisher=[[RCA]] Electronic Components |title=''4560 Custom-built, 2" diameter, Electrostatic-Focus, Electrostatic-Deflection Monoscope Tubes For Use As Alphanumeric Character Generators'' data sheet |date=May 1969 |access-date=27 September 2017}} cf. CK1414, SC3093, TH9503 *'''4598''',{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/049/4/4598.pdf |publisher=[[RCA]] Electronic Components |title=''4598 Graphechon Tube'' data sheet |date=February 1971 |access-date=1 May 2017}} '''7539''',{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/201/7/7539.pdf |publisher=[[RCA]] Electronic Components |title=''7539 Graphechon Tube'' data sheet |date=March 1960 |access-date=1 May 2017}} '''7828''',{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/201/7/7828.pdf |publisher=[[General Electric]] Corporation |title=''GEC 7828 Scan conversion tube'' data sheet |date=10 April 1961 |access-date=1 May 2017}} '''8087''',{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/201/8/8087.pdf |publisher=[[Machlett Laboratories]], Inc. |title=''8087 Scan-Conversion Storage Tube'' data sheet |date=16 September 1963 |access-date=1 May 2017}} '''8098'''{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/201/8/8098.pdf |publisher=Rauland Corporation |title=''Rauland 8098 Signal Storage Tube'' data sheet |date=8 January 1962 |access-date=1 May 2017}} – ''Graphechon'' dual-electron gun scan conversion tubes, analog video [[Transcoding#History|transcoder]]s with [[Read-while-write|simultaneous R/W]] capability for realtime resolution and frame rate transcoding between different analog video standards. This was achieved by a CRT/camera tube combination; the CRT part writes onto a thin, dielectric target; the camera part reads the generated charge pattern at a different scan rate from the back side of this target.{{cite web |url=https://www.earlytelevision.org/pdf/graphecon.pdf |publisher=[[RCA]] Research Laboratories, Princeton, NJ, USA |title=''The Graphechon - A picture storage tube'' |author=L. Pensak |date=March 1949 |access-date=1 May 2017}} The setup could also be used as a [[genlock]] *'''4613''' – Directly heated power triode, 4-pin base *'''4614''' – Indirectly heated power triode, 5-pin base *'''4641''' – Directly heated power triode, 4-pin base *'''4671/E1C''' ([[955 acorn triode|955]]) – Indirectly heated ''[[Acorn tube|Acorn]]'' triode *'''4672/E1F''' (954) – Indirectly heated ''Acorn'' pentode *'''4674''' – Indirectly heated ''Acorn'' diode *'''4675''' – 4671/E1C with a 4 Volts heater *'''4676''' – 4672/E1F with a 4 Volts heater *'''4678''' (EM1) – Indirectly heated [[Magic eye tube|tuning indicator]] *'''4683''' – Directly heated power triode, side-contact 8 base *'''4695/E2F''' (956) – Indirectly heated ''Acorn'' pentode ==='''5000'''s=== [[File:5651RegulatorTubeInOperation.jpg|89 px|thumb|right|5651]] *'''5331''', '''5332''', '''5514''' – Directly heated power triodes, 4-pin base with anode top cap *'''5556''' – Directly heated power triode, 4-pin base *'''5593''' – ''Phasitron'', a magnetically controlled [[Beam deflection tube|beam deflection]] phase modulator tube[http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sp/GL5593.pdf RMA Release #600, 2 September 1947] • on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sp/sp038.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] similar to the 2H21, used in early FM broadcast transmitters *'''5608''' – Dual power triode, designed for use with AC anode voltage and critical grid leak requirements *'''5651''' – 86-volts, cold-cathode, glow-discharge [[Voltage-regulator tube|voltage reference]], Miniature 7-pin base *'''[[6AK5|5654]]/E95F''', CV4010, 408A – VHF/RF/IF Sharp-cutoff pentode, Miniature 7-pin base, common in vintage radar IF amplifiers; premium version of 6AK5/EF95/6Ж1П (↦6J1P) *'''5678''' – 5 leads subminiature shielded pentode for RF applications *'''5691''' – ''Special Red'' ruggedized long-life [[Control grid#Effects of grid position|high-mu]] triode for industrial applications *'''5692''' – ''Special Red'' ruggedized long-life medium-mu triode for industrial applications *'''5693''' – ''Special Red'' ruggedized long-life sharp-cutoff pentode for industrial applications *'''5704''' – Subminiature diode, all-glass round cross-section body, but flat 4-pin base, long pigtails *'''5727''' – 650 V, 100 mAavg, 500 mApeak, 10 Asurge Indirectly heated tetrode [[thyratron]], positive starter voltage, Miniature 7-pin base *'''5729''' – [[Beam deflection tube|Beam deflection]], 30-channel analog [[Multiplexing#Time-division multiplexing|multiplexer]] for telecomms transmitting [[channel bank]]s, internal electrostatic focusing and deflection to determine through which one out of 30 grids the electron beam passes to the common anode;{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/201/5/5729.pdf |publisher=National Union Electric Corporation |title=''5729 30 channel radial beam tube - collector type'' data sheet |date=9 April 1951 |access-date=1 May 2017}} cf. 5738, 6090, 6091, 6170, 6324 *'''5731''' – Narrow-tolerance selected [[955 acorn triode|955]] ''[[Acorn tube|Acorn]]'' triode for use in ''[[Radiosonde]]'' weather balloon transmitters *'''5734''' – ''Mechanotron''-type mechano-electronic displacement [[sensor]]; a vacuum triode with its anode mounted on a shaft that extends through a thin, flexible metal diaphragm; shaft movement is reflected in anode current; Fres = 12 kHz{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/049/5/5734.pdf |publisher=[[RCA]] |title=''5734 Mechano-electronic transducer, triode type'' data sheet |date=November 15, 1948 |access-date=1 May 2017}}{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/202/5/5734A.pdf |publisher=[[Toshiba]] Corp. |title=''5734A Mechano-electronic transducer'' data sheet |date=March 14, 1964 |access-date=1 May 2017}} *'''5738''' – ''Cyclophon'', a beam deflection, [[Secondary emission#Special amplifying tubes|secondary emission]], 25-channel analog [[Multiplexing#Time-division multiplexing|multiplexer]], internal electrostatic focusing and [[electrostatic deflection|deflection]] to determine which one out of 25 individually controllable dynodes receives the electron beam controlled by a common grid;{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/201/5/5738.pdf |publisher=[[Federal Telegraph Company|Federal communication laboratories]], Inc., Nutley, New Jersey, USA |title=''5738 Commutator tube'' data sheet |date=6 October 1948 |access-date=1 May 2017}} cf. 5729, 6090, 6091, 6170, 6324 *'''5749''' – RF pentode, premium version of ''6BA6/EF93'', M-OV ''W727'' *'''5750''' – Heptode [[pentagrid converter]], premium version of ''6BE6/EK90'', M-OV ''X727'' *'''[[5751]]''' – Low-voltage, low-noise [[avionics]] dual triode with separate cathodes *'''[[5814A]]''' – Dual triode; industrial/computer-rated version of ''12AU7/ECC82'' (shock/vibration resistant, no [[Hot cathode#Failure modes|cathode interface/poisoning]] after prolonged periods in [[Cut-off (electronics)|cut-off]]) *'''5836''', 6BL6[[File:RK5836.JPG|89 px|thumb|right|Raytheon RK5836]] – ''[[Sutton tube]]'', a reflex klystron used as a 250 mW [[Continuous wave|CW]] microwave source, 1.6 to 6.5 GHz depending upon an external cavity. 4-pin ''peewee'' base with cavity contact rings and top cap *'''5837''', 6BM6 – Sutton tube used as a 150 mW CW microwave source, 550 MHz to 3.8 GHz depending upon an external cavity. 4-pin ''peewee'' base with cavity contact rings and top cap *'''5845''' – Directly heated, dual 300 V, 1 mA [[Thermionic emission|thermally-limited (=''saturated'') emission]] diode, center-tapped 5 V/435 mAmax uncoated tungsten filament, usable as a heating current-controlled, variable series resistor in voltage/current stabilizer circuits, or as an [[True RMS converter|RMS heating current-to-DC anode current converter]], or as a [[Noise generator|noise diode]]; cf. Tesla RA0007, YA1000 *'''5876A''' – Glass ''pencil''-type disk-seal UHF power triode up to 2 GHz *'''5930''' – Ruggedized, directly heated power triode, 4-pin base *'''5962''' – 700 V/2...55 µA [[Voltage-regulator tube|Corona voltage reference]], Miniature 7-pin base with anode top cap *'''5963''' (Noval base), '''5964''' (Miniature 7-pin base, common cathode), '''5965''' (Noval base) – Dual triode; industrial/computer-rated versions of ''12AV7'' (high zero-bias anode current, no cathode poisoning after prolonged periods in cut-off) *'''5998''', '''6336A''', '''6394''', '''6520''', '''6528''', '''7802''' – Dual power triodes, designed for series voltage regulator applications ==='''6000'''s=== *'''6047''' – [[Additron tube|''Additron'']], a triple-control grid, split-anode tetrode for use as a single-bit digital [[Adder (electronics)#Full adder|full adder]]{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/201/6/6047.pdf |publisher=[[Rogers Vacuum Tube Company|Rogers Majestic Corp.]] |title=''6047 Additron'' data sheet, RTMA Engineering Dept. Release #954 |date=March 20, 1951 |access-date=14 August 2016}} (technically a hexode) *'''6057''', M8137 – [[Control grid#Effects of grid position|High-mu]] dual triode; premium version of ''[[12AX7]]/ECC83'', M-OV ''B339'' *'''6059''' – Low-[[microphonics]] pentode, premium version of ''6BR7'', ''6J7'' *'''6060''', M8162 – High-mu dual triode; premium version of ''[[12AT7]]/ECC81'', M-OV ''B309'' *'''6064''', M8083 – Sharp-cutoff RF pentode; premium version of ''6AM6/EF91'' = M-OV ''Z77'' *'''6067''', M8136 – Medium-mu dual triode; premium version of ''[[12AU7]]/ECC82'', M-OV ''B329'' *'''6080''' – Very-low impedance dual power triode, designed for series [[voltage regulator]] applications, now popular for [[output transformerless]] audio amplifiers; premium version of ''6AS7/ECC230'' *'''6082''' – Ruggedized, indirectly heated power triode, Octal base *'''6090''' – ''Cyclophon'', a [[Beam deflection tube|beam deflection]], 18-channel analog [[Multiplexing#Time-division multiplexing|demultiplexer]] for telecomms receiving [[channel bank]]s, internal electrostatic focusing and deflection to determine which one out of 18 anodes receives the electron beam controlled by a common grid;{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sp/NU6090.pdf |publisher=National Union Electric Corporation |title=''6090 18 channel radial beam tube - multiple anode type'' data sheet |date=January 1956 |access-date=15 June 2013}} • on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sp/sp015.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] cf. 5729, 5738, 6091, 6170, 6324 *'''6091''' – Beam deflection, 25-channel analog [[Multiplexing#Time-division multiplexing|multiplexer]] for telecomms transmitting [[channel bank]]s, internal electrostatic focusing and deflection to determine through which one out of 25 grids the electron beam passes to the common anode;{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/201/6/6091.pdf |publisher=National Union Electric Corporation |title=''6091 25 channel radial beam tube - multiple grid type'' data sheet |date=January 1956 |access-date=1 May 2017}} cf. 5729, 5738, 6090, 6170, 6324 *'''6146''' – 60 MHz, 120 W AF/RF/VHF beam power pentode :*'''6146B''', '''8298A''' – Improved version of 6146, 6146A and 8298 *'''6170''' and '''6324''' – Beam deflection, 25-channel analog [[Multiplexing#Time-division multiplexing|multiplexer]] for telecomms transmitting [[channel bank]]s, external focusing and deflection by a multiphase, rotating magnetic field to determine through which one out of 25 grids the electron beam passes to the common anode;{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sp/6170-6324.pdf |publisher=National Union Electric Corporation |title=''6170 & 6324 25 channel radial beam tube - multiple grid type'' data sheet |date=December 1955 |access-date=15 June 2013}} • on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sp/sp045.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] cf. 5729, 5738, 6090, 6091 *'''6173''' – ''Pencil''-type disk-seal UHF diode up to 3.3 GHz *'''6196''' – Directly heated dual, compensating [[electrometer]] tetrode with [[Tetrode#Space charge grid tube|space charge grids]] for use in the 2 branches of a differential-in, differential-out bridge circuit{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/020/6/6196.pdf |title=''Tube Electrometre Double Tétrode à 2 Grilles de Charge d'Espace'' data sheet |language=fr |publisher=[[Compagnie Industrielle Française des Tubes Electroniques]] (CIFTE) |date=January 1968 |access-date=1 May 2017}} *'''6218/E80T''' (CV5724) – Modulated, single-anode [[beam deflection tube]] for pulse generation up to 375 MHz; shock resistant up to 500 [[g-force|g]]{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/201/6/6218.pdf |publisher=[[Rogers Vacuum Tube Company|Rogers Majestic Corp.]] |title=6218 data sheet, RTMA Engineering Dept. Release #1115 |date=25 August 1952 |access-date=1 May 2017}}{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/030/e/E80T.pdf |publisher=[[Philips]] |title=E80T data sheet |date=4 April 1956 |access-date=1 May 2017}}{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sp/Bruijsten_Groendijk_Mantz.pdf |last1=Bruijsten |first1=J. |last2=Groendijk |first2=H. |last3=Mantz |first3=M. R. |publisher=[[Philips]] |date=Nov–Dec 1952 |title=Philips Electronic Application Bulletin: ''Synchronization of a Variable Frequency Oscillator at Discrete, Stabilized Frequencies with the E80T'' |volume=13 |pages=58-64 |access-date=31 August 2019}}{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sp/Kretzmann.pdf |last=Kretzmann |first=R. |publisher=[[Philips]] |title=Philips Technical Library: ''Pulse Delay Circuit using Deflection Tube E80T'' |pages=64-66 |access-date=31 August 2019}} *'''6263''' – ''Pencil''-type disk-seal UHF power triode up to 500 MHz, Panode = 8 W *'''6351''' – [[Secondary emission#Special amplifying tubes|Secondary emission]] pentode for wide band RF amplifiers *'''6353''' – 19.3 kV/25...1000 µA [[Voltage-regulator tube|Corona voltage reference]], Miniature 7-pin base with anode top cap *'''6361''' – ''Convectron'', an [[inclinometer]] tube that senses tilt from the vertical by means of different gas convections around a heating wire in a glass envelope, of two 6361s aligned in a 90° V-shaped position to each other and the heating wires connected in a [[bridge circuit]] *'''6386''' – Dual variable-mu triode for use as VHF cascode amplifiers or in [[Dynamic range compression|audio compressors]] *'''6391''' – Subminiature low-[[microphonics]] pentode, 8-pin all-glass pigtailed *'''6441''' – 650 V, 100 mAavg, 300 mAsurge ''Tacitron'', a grid turn-off hydrogen [[thyratron]] with a grid that forms a shield around both the cathode and anode and separates the two by a wire mesh, so the arc discharge can be extinguished by a negative grid that surrounds the positive anode with a field of opposing polarity and inhibits conduction, taking over part of the anode current during deionisation – similar to today's [[Gate turn-off thyristor|GTO]]s; Octal base;{{cite web |url=https://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA460044 |publisher=[[United States Naval Research Laboratory]] |title=NRL Memorandum Report 606: ''Application of Tacitron Type RCA 6441 to Pulse Circuitry'' |author=Richard G. Cumings |date=8 June 1956 |format=PDF |access-date=19 November 2017}} cf. EC860, 20TC4, 30TC1 *'''6462''' – ''Magnetic pickup tube'', a 1-axis [[Beam deflection tube|beam deflection]] [[magnetometer]] with approx. {{cvt|1|G|uT|lk=on}} resolution; an electron beam is [[electrostatic deflection|electrostatically centered]] between two anodes while no magnetic field is present; the magnetic field to be detected will then deflect the beam more towards one of the anodes, resulting in an imbalance between the two anode currents{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/201/6/6462.pdf |publisher=National Union Electric Corporation |title=''6462 Magnetic pick-up tube'' data sheet |date=9 May 1956 |access-date=1 May 2017}} *'''6498''' – ''Memotron'', a [[storage tube]]{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/201/6/6498.pdf |publisher=[[Hughes Aircraft Company]] |title=''6498 Memotron 5-inch Bright Display Cathode-Ray-Type Storage Tube'' data sheet |date=4 February 1955 |access-date=30 September 2017}} *'''6499''' – [[Selectron tube|Radechon]], an early form of digital [[computer memory]]{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/049/6/6499.pdf |publisher=[[RCA]] Electron Tube Division |title=''6499 Charge Storage Tube, single beam, barrier-grid type, non-equilibrium write, capacitance-discharge reading'' data sheet |date=August 1956 |access-date=30 September 2017}} *'''[[6550]]''' – 20 W AF [[Beam tetrode|beam power tetrode]] with a 35 watt anode, for [[high fidelity]] amplifiers [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:6550 (vacuum tube)|class=noviewer|alt=]] :*'''6550A''' – Improved 6550 with a 42 watt anode *'''6571''' – [[Williams tube|Williams]]-type computer memory tube{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/201/6/6571.pdf |title=''6571 Computer storage tube'' data sheet |publisher=[[RCA]] Electron Tube Division |date=21 March 1955|access-date=1 May 2017}} *'''6577''' – ''Typotron'', a [[charactron]] for [[text mode]] video rendering in [[Video display terminal#Early VDUs|early computer monitors]]{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/201/6/6577.pdf |publisher=[[Hughes Aircraft Corporation]] |title=''6577 Typotron, 5" character-writing CRT-type storage tube'' data sheet |date=24 November 1954 |access-date=29 August 2017}} *'''6694''', '''6957''', '''7412''', '''7536''', '''7633/ORP11''', '''8100''', '''8142''', '''8143''', '''8217''', '''8318''', '''8345''', '''8346''', '''8347''', '''8474''', '''8475''', '''8476''', '''8477''', '''8478''', '''8582''' – [[Cadmium sulfide|CdS]] [[photoresistor]]s (LDR) *'''6700''' – 200 ns Decade counter [[Trochotron|''Magnetron Beam Switching Tube'']], 6.3 V, 300 mA heater{{cite web |url=http://www.decadecounter.com/vta/pdf/Burroughs%206700.pdf |publisher=[[Burroughs Corporation]] |title=''6700 Magnetron Beam Switching Tube'' data sheet |date=August 1956 |access-date=4 March 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304175321/http://www.decadecounter.com/vta/pdf2/Burroughs%206700.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2014 |df= }} *'''6701''' – Low-voltage 500 ns decade counter ''Magnetron Beam Switching Tube'', 6.3 V, 300 mA heater{{cite web |url=http://www.decadecounter.com/vta/pdf/Burroughs%206701.pdf |publisher=[[Burroughs Corporation]] |title=''6701 Magnetron Beam Switching Tube'' data sheet |date=August 1956 |access-date=4 March 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304175321/http://www.decadecounter.com/vta/pdf2/Burroughs%206701.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2014 |df= }} *'''6702''' (200 to 400 MHz), '''6713''' (0.15 to 30 MHz) – [[Trochotron|''Beam-X Switch'']] modified for use as a [[Noise generator|noise source]] by removing all but the last two spade and grid pairs, thus introducing asymmetries of the already undulated electric field inside, using the principle of random noise generation in a magnetron-like device operated near cutoff, 6.3 V heater *'''6703''' – 500 ns Decade counter ''Magnetron Beam Switching Tube'', 6.3 V, 300 mA heater *'''6704''' – 100 ns Decade counter ''Magnetron Beam Switching Tube'' with internal spade load resistors, 6.3 V, 300 mA heater *'''6710''', '''6711''', '''6712''' (High current), '''6714''' (Low-voltage) – 2 MHz Decade counter ''Beam-X Switch'', 6.3 V heater *'''6762''' – ''Wamoscope'' ("'''Wa'''ve '''mo'''dulated oscillo'''scope'''"), a [[Traveling-wave tube|TWT]]/[[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] combination used to directly visualize an incoming microwave signal by electron velocity-sorting{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/201/6/6762.pdf |publisher=[[Sylvania Electric Products]] |title=''6762 Wamoscope'' data sheet |date=17 January 1957 |access-date=1 May 2017}} *'''6835''', '''7570''', '''7571''' – Single-[[electron gun]] ''recording [[storage tube]]'', an [[Composite video|analog video]] [[Freeze-frame shot|frame freezer]] tube. This was achieved by a CRT that writes the video image onto a thin, dielectric target and subsequently can read the generated charge pattern up to 30000 times from that target, producing a video signal containing a static shot that resembles a still photograph{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/138/6/6835.pdf |publisher=[[Raytheon Technologies|Raytheon Company]] |title=''CK6835 Recording storage tube'' data sheet |date=1 November 1959 |access-date=1 May 2017}}{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/138/7/7570.pdf |publisher=[[Raytheon Technologies|Raytheon Company]] |title=''CK7570 Recording storage tube'' data sheet |date=1 November 1959 |access-date=1 May 2017}}{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/138/7/7571.pdf |publisher=[[Raytheon Technologies|Raytheon Company]] |title=''CK7571 Recording storage tube'' data sheet |date=1 November 1959 |access-date=1 May 2017}} *'''6846''' – Gas-filled, three-cathode, [[Dekatron|glow-transfer]] 1-bit binary counter or switching tube, Miniature 7-pin base{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/137/6/6846.pdf |publisher=[[Sylvania Electric Products]] |title=''6846 Binary tube'' data sheet |date=July 1956 |access-date=1 May 2017}} *'''6877''', '''7233''' – Power triodes, designed for series voltage regulator applications *'''6900''' – Dual power triode for pulse applications in [[missile]]s, [[avionics]] and industrial systems; Noval base *'''6922/E88CC''' – Dual triode used as cascode RF amplifier, industrial version of ''6DJ8/ECC88'' *'''6973''' (''6CZ5'') – Beam power pentode popular in some makes of 1960s era guitar amplifiers, though rarely implemented in modern times ==='''7000'''s=== *'''7025''' – Low-hum and noise version of [[12AX7]] :*'''7025A''' – Low-microphonics version of 7025 *'''7027''' – AF power pentode, improved [[6L6]] with a 25 watt anode and different pinout :*'''7027A''' – Improved 7027 with a 35 watt anode *'''7077''' – Miniature ceramic/metal disk-[[Cermet#Ceramic-to-metal joints and seals|seal]] planar UHF triode *'''7105''' – 6080 with a 12.6 volts heater *'''7189/6BQ5/[[EL84]]''' – AF power pentode :*'''7189A''' – Improved 7189 *'''[[7199]]''' – AF triode + AF pentode, Noval base. Similar to 6U8 *'''7229''',{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/201/7/7229.pdf |publisher=[[CBS#Conglomerate|CBS]]/Hytron |title=''7229 Cold-Cathode Trigger Tube'' data sheet E287B |date=22 June 1958 |access-date=11 September 2017}} '''7230''',{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/201/7/7230.pdf |publisher=[[CBS#Conglomerate|CBS]]/Hytron |title=''7230 Reliable Cold-Cathode Trigger Tube'' data sheet E287C |date=25 August 1958 |access-date=11 September 2017}} '''7231''',{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/201/7/7231.pdf |publisher=[[CBS#Conglomerate|CBS]]/Hytron |title=''7231 Subminiature Cold-Cathode Trigger Tube'' data sheet E287D |date=22 June 1958 |access-date=11 September 2017}} '''7232''',{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/201/7/7232.pdf |publisher=[[CBS#Conglomerate|CBS]]/Hytron |title=''7232 Reliable Subminiature Cold-Cathode Trigger Tube'' data sheet E287E |date=22 June 1958 |access-date=11 September 2017}} '''7439''', '''7440''', '''7441''', '''7595''', '''7596''', '''7597''', '''7598''', '''7599''', '''7600''', '''7602''' – [[Krytron]]s, cold-cathode gas-filled trigger tubes with a primer electrode for use as a very high-speed, high-surge current switch[[CBS#Conglomerate|CBS]]/Hytron "''Krytron Trigger Tubes''" spec sheets [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/201/7/7439.pdf E-337] (30 March 1959), [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/201/7/7599.pdf E-337A-1] (20 June 1960), [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/201/7/7595.pdf E-337A-2] (20 June 1960) – [[second source]] to [[#OEKN|{{color|Green|EG&G}}]] *'''7236''' – Dual power triode for use as long-life power amplifier in computer applications *'''7241''', '''7242''' – Triple-grid/cathode power triodes, designed for hi-rel series voltage regulator applications *'''7266''' – Miniature ceramic/metal disk-seal planar UHF diode *'''7289''' – 3 GHz, 40 W UHF planar power triode *'''7296''' – Miniature ceramic/metal disk-seal planar VHF triode for use on [[Printed circuit board|PCB]]s *'''7308/E188CC''' – Premium version of 6922 *'''7323''', '''7400''' (top-viewing), '''7401''', '''7979''' – Small neon-filled cold-cathode thyratrons for use as a latching indicator, all-glass pigtaled; cf. 395A, МТХ-90 *'''{{Visible anchor|7360}}''' – [[Beam deflection tube]], used as balanced modulator/mixer up to 100 MHz{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/049/7/7360.pdf |publisher=[[RCA]] |title=''7360 Beam Deflection Tube'' data sheet |date=March 1961 |access-date=1 May 2017}}{{cite web |url=http://electronbunker.ca/DL/RCA_Review_7360.pdf |title=A new miniature beam deflection tube |author=M. B. Knight |publisher=[[RCA]] Electron Tube Division |year=1960 |access-date=January 22, 2017}}{{cite web |url=http://jlandrigan.com/files/RECEIVER%20Schematics/SSB%20Exciter%20Circuits%20Using%20the%207360.pdf |title=SSB Exciter Circuits Using a New Beam-Deflection Tube |author=H. C. Vance K2FF |publisher=[[QST]] |year=1960 |access-date=May 30, 2013}} *'''7414''' – ''Time Totalizer'', a metal-vapor [[coulometer]], a cold-cathode gas-discharge tube where metal is constantly sputtered off the cathode and deposited on a collector element whose resistance therefore decreases with elapsed time{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/201/7/7414.pdf |publisher=[[Bendix Corporation]] |title=''7414 Subminiature Time Totalizer'' data sheet |date=14 March 1959 |access-date=1 May 2017}} *'''7416''' – ''Constant firing diode'', a gas-filled cold-cathode switching diode with a very stable breakdown voltage over age and temperature, for use as a trigger in RC timing crcuits; Miniature 7-pin base *'''7430''' – Flat-envelope variant of the [[6AK5]]/EF95 sharp-cutoff pentode for use on PCBs in ''[[Radiosonde]]'' weather balloon transmitters *'''7462''' – Miniature ceramic/metal disk-seal planar UHF triode; PCB variant of 7077 *'''7486''' – Miniature ceramic/metal disk-seal planar UHF triode *'''7548''' – [[Secondary emission#Special amplifying tubes|Secondary emission]] hexode for pulse generator and pulse amplifier applications *'''7551''' (12-15V heater for mobile equipment), '''7558''' (6.3V heater for fixed equipment) – 175 MHz, 10 W Noval-base beam power pentode used for telephony, RF amplification, and more rarely AF amplification *'''7554''' – Ceramic/metal ''Pencil''-type disk-seal SHF power triode up to 5 GHz *'''7572''', '''7575''', '''7702''' – Dual-[[electron gun]] ''recording [[storage tube]]'', a realtime [[Composite video|analog video]] [[Freeze-frame shot|frame freezer]] tube with [[Read-while-write|simultaneous R/W]], and storing capability. This was achieved by a [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]]/[[Video camera tube|camera tube]] combination; the CRT part writes the video signal onto a thin, dielectric target, which can hold the generated charge pattern for many hours; the camera part reads the charge pattern from the back side of this target, producing a video signal containing a static shot that resembles a still photograph{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/138/7/7572.pdf |publisher=[[Raytheon Technologies|Raytheon Company]] |title=''CK7572 Recording storage tube'' data sheet |date=15 December 1959 |access-date=1 May 2017}}{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/138/7/7575.pdf |publisher=[[Raytheon Technologies|Raytheon Company]] |title=''CK7575 Recording storage tube'' data sheet |date=15 December 1959 |access-date=1 May 2017}}{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/138/7/7702.pdf |publisher=[[Raytheon Technologies|Raytheon Company]] |title=''CK7702 Recording storage tube'' data sheet |date=15 March 1960 |access-date=1 May 2017}} *'''7586''' – First ''[[Nuvistor]]'' available on the market, medium-mu triode *'''7587''' – ''Nuvistor'' Sharp-cutoff tetrode *'''7588''' – Miniature ceramic/metal disk-seal planar UHF triode for use on PCBs *'''7591''' – 19 W Beam power pentode; 6GM5 or 7868 with a 7-pin Octal base. Found in many guitar amps made by [[Gibson Guitar Corporation|Gibson]] and [[Ampeg]] [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:7591A (vacuum tube)|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''7610''' – ''Electron bombarded semiconductor tube'' for high-speed, 8-bit [[Analog-to-digital converter|A/D conversion]]; a [[beam deflection tube]] where the analog signal to be digitized deflects a sheet beam across an array of 8 long [[p–n diode|semiconductor diodes]] that is covered by a metal layer with windows patterned to encode the [[Gray code]]. The 8 diodes are reverse-biased and when hit through a window by the electron beam, generate currents that digitally represent the analog signal;{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sc/7612D-ADC.pdf |title=''7612D – Electron bombarded semiconductor tube for high-speed analog-digital conversion'' |publisher=[[Tektronix]] |access-date=10 July 2019}} on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sc/sc023.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] cf. ЭПЛ-1 *'''7625''' – Miniature ceramic/metal disk-seal planar AF triode for use on PCBs *'''7688''', '''7690''' (Medium-mu), '''7689''' (high-mu) – Triple triodes *'''7699''' – Dual tetrode for wide band push-pull amplifiers *'''7720''' – Miniature ceramic/metal disk-seal planar UHF triode for use on PCBs *'''[[12BV7|7733]]''' – [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] cathode drive power pentode, premium version of 12BY7/EL180 *'''7762''' – Shock-proof [[avionics]] AF beam power pentode *'''7763''' – [[Beam deflection tube]], used as IF amplifier/limiter where a constant phase shift over a wide range of input signal amplitudes is required{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/201/7/7763.pdf |publisher=[[General Electric]] |title=''7763 Sheet Beam Tube'' data sheet |date=5 March 1962 |access-date=1 May 2017}} *'''7768''' – Miniature ceramic/metal disk-seal planar SHF triode up to 4 GHz *'''7846''' – [[Cadmium selenide|CdSe]] [[infrared]] (500...900 nm) [[photoresistor]], 2-pin all-glass pigtailed *'''7868''' – 19 W Beam power pentode; 6GM5 or 7591 with a B9E Novar base. Found in many of the once popular ''Challenger'' series ''PA'' amps made by Bogen Communications, also found in some guitar amplifiers made by Ampeg *'''7895''' – Improved 7586 ''Nuvistor'' with higher [[Control grid#Effects of grid position|mu]] ==='''8000'''s=== *'''8011''' – ''[[Micropup]]''-type UHF power triode up to 600 MHz *'''8032A''' ('''6883B''', '''8552''' – 13.5V heater), '''8298A''' ('''6146B''' – 6.3V heater) – 60 MHz, 120 W AF/RF/VHF beam power pentode *'''8056''' – ''[[Nuvistor]]'' triode for low supply voltage *'''8058''' – ''Nuvistor'' triode with grid on envelope and an anode cap, for [[Valve RF amplifier#Grounded grid amplifier|grounded-grid]] UHF circuits *'''8069''' – 8 kV/23...1000 µA [[Voltage-regulator tube|Corona voltage reference]], cathode cylinder and anode top cap *'''8081''' – Miniature ceramic/metal disk-[[Cermet#Ceramic-to-metal joints and seals|seal]] planar AF triode for use on PCBs *'''8082''' – Miniature ceramic/metal disk-seal planar UHF triode for use on PCBs *'''8083''' – Miniature ceramic/metal disk-seal planar UHF triode for use on PCBs *'''8089''' – 1.6 kV/20...800 µA Corona voltage reference, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed *'''8090''' – 3.5 kV/50...1000 µA Corona voltage reference, Noval with anode top cap *'''8091''' – 4 kV/50...1000 µA Corona voltage reference, Noval with anode top cap *'''8122''' – Forced-air cooled, 300 W@470 MHz beam power tetrode *'''8203''' – ''Nuvistor'' power triode up to 250 MHz *'''8256''' – 3.5 kV/35...1900 µA Corona voltage reference, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed *'''8257''' – 1.2 kV/15...750 µA Corona voltage reference, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed *'''8380''' – ''Nuvistor'' power tetrode for use in [[sonobuoy]]s, up to 80 MHz *'''8382''' – ''Nuvistor'' power triode for use in sonobuoys, up to 175 MHz *'''8393''' – ''Nuvistor'' medium-mu triode, used in [[Tektronix]] [[oscilloscope]]s, 12.6 Volt heater *'''8414''' – Low (26.5 V) anode voltage, sharp-cutoff, VHF/RF/IF, frame-grid pentode designed for both heater and anode to run directly off the standard [[avionics]] 28-volts DC bus, all-glas pigtails, up to {{cvt|80000|ft|km|lk=on}} altitude; cf. 28D7W *'''8428''' (2.4 kilowatts), '''8455''' (4 kilowatts) – High pulse power, grid-controlled [[Secondary emission#Special amplifying tubes|electron multiplier]] tubes with a flanged metal envelope and an SO-239 [[UHF connector|UHF output connector]] *'''8441''' – ''Nuvistor'' high-mu triode for use in sonobuoys *'''8456''' – ''Nuvistor'' medium-mu triode for use in sonobuoys *'''8461''' – 80 kV, 200 kW Water-cooled power triode with three 15 V/200 A (each) filaments for [[Three-phase electric power|3-phase]] operation in series regulator, or hard-tube modulator applications, considerable [[X-ray tube#Hazards of X-ray production from vacuum tubes|X-radiation]] *'''8469''' – 400 V/5...400 µA Corona voltage reference, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed *'''8506''' – Miniature ceramic/metal disk-seal planar UHF triode *'''8514''' – 1 kV/10...800 µA Corona voltage reference, 7-pin with anode top cap *'''8515''' – 1.6 kV/20...950 µA Corona voltage reference, 7-pin with anode top cap *'''8525''', '''8526''', '''8527''' – ''Nuvistor'' medium-mu dual triodes *'''8549''' – 70 kV, 500 kW Water-cooled power triode with a 7.6 V/1.9 kA filament, considerable X-radiation, can deliver 10-ms pulses of 60 MW at 6% duty factor *'''8569''' (ИВ-29↦IV-29) – [[Vacuum fluorescent display]], single pixel, top-view, for use as [[Flip-flop (electronics)|flip-flop]] status indicator in transistorized computers. All-glass pigtailed, 700 mV/35 mA filament; cf. 6977/DM160 *'''8627''' – ''Nuvistor'' power triode up to 1.2 GHz *'''8628''' – ''Nuvistor'' high-mu AF triode for use in [[valve microphone]]s and piezoelectric pickup preamplifiers up to 200 kHz *'''8808''' – ''Nuvistor'' high-mu triode up to 1.2 GHz *'''8873''' – 500 MHz, 200 W anode dissipation power triode *'''8874''' – 500 MHz, 400 W anode dissipation power triode *'''8875''' – 500 MHz, 300 W anode dissipation power triode *'''8877''' = Eimac '''3CX1500A7''' – Ceramic, forced-air cooled, 1.5 kW power triode *'''[[8974]]''' (Eimac ''X-2159'') – 30 MHz, 1.5 MW Water-cooled tetrode used for very high-power broadcast and industrial service, two-section 18.5 V/650 A (each) filament ==List of European ''Mullard–Philips'' tubes== '''Note:''' Typecode explained [[#Mullard–Philips system|{{color|Green|above}}]]. The part behind a slash ("/") is the [[#RMA system (1942)|{{color|Green|RMA}}]]/[[#RETMA receiving tubes system (1953)|{{color|Green|RETMA}}]]/[[#EIA professional tubes system|{{color|Green|EIA}}]] equivalent. ==='''A''' - 4 V heater=== ===='''AAB'''==== *'''AAB1''' – Triple diode with common cathode, side-contact 8 base; EAB1 or PAB1 with a different heater ===='''AB'''==== *'''AB1''' – Dual common cathode signal diode, 650 mA heater, European 5-pin base with one anode on top cap *'''AB2''' – AB1 with a side-contact 5 base; CB2 with a different heater ===='''ABC'''==== *'''ABC1''' – Dual diode + triode, side-contact 8 base with triode grid on top cap; CBC1 with a 4 V/650 mA heater ===='''ABF'''==== *'''ABF1''' – Common cathode dual diode + remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap ===='''ABL'''==== *'''ABL1''' – Dual diode + 9-watts power pentode, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap; EBL1 with a 4 V/2.4 A heater ===='''AC'''==== *'''AC2''' – Triode for use as AF amplifier or as oscillator together with an AH1 mixer, side-contact 8 base with triode grid on top cap; EC2 with a 4 V/650 mA heater *'''AC50/4686''' – 3 mAavg, 300 mApeak, Argon-filled triode [[thyratron]], side-contact 8 base with grid on top cap, for [[relaxation oscillator]]s up to 50 kHz; 4 V/600 mA heater *'''AC100''' – Triode for use as AF amplifier or as oscillator together with an AH100 mixer; AC2 with a P5A German [[Postal, telegraph and telephone service|PTT]] 5-pin base *'''AC101''' – Triode for use as AF amplifier or as oscillator together with an AH100 mixer; AC2 with an O5A European 5-pin base *'''AC102''' – Triode, P7A German PTT 7-pin base with 2 unused pins *'''AC104''' – Triode, O5A European 5-pin base[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/1/106.pdf AC104 vademecum data] *'''AC701''' – Subminiature AF triode, 4-pin all-glass pigtailed with grid on top wire, for [[Valve microphone|condenser microphone]] [[microphone preamplifier|preamplifiers]] *'''AC761''' – Subminiature AF triode, 4-pin all-glass pigtailed with grid on top wire, for microphone preamplifiers ===='''ACH'''==== *'''ACH1''' – [[Pentagrid converter#Hexode|Triode/remote-cutoff hexode mixer]], European 7-pin base with hexode control grid 1 on top cap; BCH1 with a 4 V/1 A heater ===='''A D'''==== *'''AD1''' – ''Directly'' heated, 4.2 W power triode, side-contact 8 base, 4 V/950 mA filament *'''AD100''' – 1.7 W Power triode, P7A German PTT 7-pin base with 2 unused pins *'''AD101''' – 1.7 W Power triode, O5A European 5-pin base *'''AD102''' – 5.5 W Power triode, P7A German PTT 7-pin base with 2 unused pins ===='''AF'''==== *'''AF2''' – Remote-cutoff pentode, 4 V/1.1 A heater, European 5-pin base with anode on top cap *'''{{Visible anchor|AF3}}''' – Remote-cutoff pentode, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap; CF3 with a 4 V/650 mA heater *'''{{Visible anchor|AF7}}''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap; CF7, EF7 or VF7 with a 4 V/650 mA heater *'''AF100''' – Wide band, sharp-cutoff pentode ===='''AH'''==== *'''AH1''' – Remote-cutoff hexode for use as mixer or RF gain control, side-contact 8 base with grid 1 on top cap; CH1 with a 4 V/650 mA heater *'''AH100''' – Remote-cutoff hexode for use as mixer or RF gain control, side-contact 8 base ===='''AK'''==== *'''AK1''' – Remote-cutoff octode [[pentagrid converter]], European 7-pin base with grid 4 on top cap, 4 V/650 mA heater *'''AK2''' – Remote-cutoff octode pentagrid converter, side-contact 8 base with grid 4 on top cap; CK1 with a 4 V/650 mA heater, similar to EK2 [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:AK2 (vacuum tube)|class=noviewer|alt=]] ===='''AL'''==== *'''AL1''' – 3.1 W AF power pentode, side-contact 8 base, 4 V/1.1 A heater *'''AL2''' – 3.8 W AF power pentode, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap, 4 V/1 A heater *'''AL3''' – AF power pentode, side-contact 8 base *'''AL4''' – AF power pentode, side-contact 8 base; EL3N with a 4 V/1.75 A heater *'''AL5''' – AF power pentode, side-contact 8 base; [[#EL5|{{color|Green|EL5}}]] with a 4 V/2 A heater *'''AL60''' – Power pentode, M7A British 7-pin base with anode on top capAL60 on [http://www.r-type.org/exhib/aaq0073.htm r-type.org], on [https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_al60.html radiomuseum.org] *'''AL860''' – ''Directly'' heated, 3 W RF/AF power pentode, Noval base; center-tapped, 4.8 V/280 mA (series) or 2.4 V/560 mA (parallel) filament ===='''AM'''==== *'''AM1''' – Top-view, "Magic Cross"-type [[Magic eye tube|tuning indicator]], side-contact 8 base; EM1 with a 4 V/300 mA heater *'''AM2/4677''' – Top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, side-contact 8 base; CM2 or EM2 with a different heater ===='''AN'''==== *'''AN1''' = M-OV '''GT1C''' – -1300 to +650 Va, 300 mAavg, 2 Apeak, 15 Asurge, Gas-filled triode thyratron with negative control characteristic, 4 V/1.45 A heater, O5A European 5-pin base, for industrial control applications ===='''AX'''==== *'''AX1/4652''' – 500 V[[Peak inverse voltage|PIV]], 125 mA Gas-filled, full-wave rectifier, European 4-pin base :'''Note:''' This particular '''4652''' is a Philips-proprietary designation and ''not'' an [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/049/4/4652.pdf EIA number] *'''AX50''' – 500 VPIV, 275 mA Gas-filled, full-wave rectifier, European 4-pin base ===='''AZ'''==== *'''AZ1''' – 100 mA Full-wave rectifier, side-contact 8 base [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:AZ1 (vacuum tube)|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''AZ2''' – 160 mA Full-wave rectifier, side-contact 8 base *'''AZ3''' – 120 mA Full-wave rectifier, side-contact 8 base *'''AZ4''' – 200 mA Full-wave rectifier, side-contact 8 base [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:AZ4 (vacuum tube)|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''AZ11''' – Full-wave rectifier, AZ1 with Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''AZ12''' – Full-wave rectifier, AZ4 with Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''AZ21''' – 120 mA Full-wave rectifier, B8G Loctal base *'''AZ31''' – Full-wave rectifier, AZ1 with 5-pin Octal base *'''AZ32''' – Full-wave rectifier, AZ2 with 5-pin Octal base *'''AZ33''' – 120 mA Full-wave rectifier, 4-pin Octal base *'''AZ41''' – 70 mA Full-wave rectifier, Rimlock base *'''AZ50''' – 300 mA Full-wave rectifier, European 4-pin base ==='''B''' - [[#180mADC|{{color|Green|180 mA heater}}]]=== ===='''BB'''==== *'''BB1''' – Shielded common cathode dual diode, CB2 with a 16 V heater and a European 5-pin base with one anode on top cap{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/043/suppinfo/019-023.pdf |title=Rundfunkröhren ("Radio tubes") |publisher=[[Telefunken]] |language=de |access-date=14 January 2016}}{{cite book |author= |title=Röhren-Taschen-Tabelle |language=de |publisher=[[Franzis Verlag]] |location=Munich |year=1974 |isbn=978-3-7723-5453-3}} ===='''BCH'''==== *'''BCH1''' – [[Pentagrid converter#Hexode|Triode/remote-cutoff hexode mixer]]; ACH1 with a 24 V heater ===='''BL'''==== *'''BL2''' – Power pentode, CL2 with a 30 V heater and a European 5-pin base with the [[control grid]] on top cap ==='''C''' - 200 mA heater=== '''Note:''' Many "C" tubes had 13V/200mA heaters, so apart from 1930s European [[AC/DC receiver design#Series tube heaters|AC/DC radios]], these were also used in 12-Volts [[Vehicle audio|car radios]]{{rp|6}} '''[[Iron–hydrogen resistor|Barretters]]''' with a side-contact 8 base The six free pins were used as [[Jumper (computing)|jumpers]] to switch the anode supply circuit between 110V and 220V mains *'''C1''' – 80 to 200 V filament for 220V mains *'''C2''' – 35 to 100 V filament for 110V mains *'''C3''' – 100 to 200 V filament with a [[Inrush current limiter|surge-limiting]] [[Uranium dioxide|''Urdox'' (UO2)]] power [[thermistor]] *'''C8''' – 80 to 200 V filament *'''C9''' – 35 to 100 V filament *'''C10''' – 35 to 100 V filament *'''C12''' – 80 to 200 V filament ===='''CB'''==== *'''CB1''' – Common cathode dual diode, side-contact 5 base, 13 V heater *'''CB2''' – Common cathode dual diode, side-contact 5 base; AB2 with a 13 V heater ===='''CBC'''==== *'''CBC1''' – Common cathode dual diode + triode, side-contact 8 base with triode grid on top cap; ABC1 with a 13 V heater ===='''CBL'''==== *'''CBL1''' – Common cathode dual diode + power pentode, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap, 44 V heater *'''CBL6''' – Common cathode dual diode + power pentode, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap, 44 V heater *'''CBL31''' – Common cathode dual diode + power pentode; CBL1 with an Octal base ===='''CC'''==== *'''CC2''' – Triode for use as AF amplifier or as oscillator together with an CH1 mixer, side-contact 8 base with triode grid on top cap; AC2 with a 13 V heater ===='''CCH'''==== *'''CCH1''' – [[Pentagrid converter#Hexode|Triode/remote-cutoff hexode mixer]], side-contact 8 base with hexode control grid 1 on top cap, 20 V heater *'''CCH2''' – Triode/remote-cutoff hexode mixer, side-contact 8 base with hexode control grid 1 on top cap, 29 V heater *'''CCH35''' – Triode/remote-cutoff hexode mixer; ECH3 with an Octal base and a 7 V heater ===='''CF'''==== *'''CF1''' – [[Cut-off (electronics)|Sharp-cutoff]] pentode, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap, 13 V heater *'''CF2''' – Remote-cutoff pentode, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap, 13 V heater *'''CF3''' – Remote-cutoff pentode, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap; [[#AF3|{{color|Green|AF3}}]] with a 13 V heater *'''CF7''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap; [[#AF7|{{color|Green|AF7}}]], EF7 or VF7 with a 13 V heater *'''CF50''' – [[Microphone preamplifier]] sharp-cutoff pentode, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap, 30 V heater *'''CF51''' – Microphone preamplifier sharp-cutoff pentode, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap ===='''CH'''==== *'''CH1''' – Remote-cutoff hexode mixer, side-contact 8 base with grid 1 on top cap; AH1 with a 13 V heater ===='''CK'''==== *'''CK1''' – Remote-cutoff octode [[pentagrid converter]], side-contact 8 base; AK2 with a 13 V heater *'''CK3''' – Remote-cutoff beam octode pentagrid converter, side-contact 8 base; EK3 with a 19 V heater ===='''CL'''==== *'''CL1''' – 5 Watts power pentode for anode voltages above 200 V, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap, 13 V heater *'''CL2''' – 8 Watts power pentode for anode voltages below 200 V; BL2 with a 24 V heater and a side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap *'''CL4''' – 9 Watts power pentode, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap, 33 V heater *'''CL6''' – 5 Watts power pentode, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap, 35 V heater *'''CL33''' – AF power pentode, CL4 with an Octal base ===='''CM'''==== *'''CM2''' – Top-view, "Magic Eye"-type [[Magic eye tube|tuning indicator]], side-contact 8 base; AM2 with a 6.3 V/200 mA heater, therefore marketed as '''C/EM2''' ===='''CY'''==== *'''CY1''' – 250 V, 80 mA Half-wave rectifier, side-contact 8 base, 20 V heater *'''CY2''' – Separate cathode dualThis tube's designation is inconsistent with the scheme 250 V, 60 mA rectifier, side-contact 8 base, 30 V heater, for use as half-wave rectifier or as [[voltage doubler]] *'''CY31''' – CY1 with an Octal base *'''CY32''' – CY2 with an Octal base ==='''D''' - 1.4 V filament/heater=== '''Note:''' D-type tubes except some rectifiers are directly heated ===='''DA'''==== *'''DA50''' – Subminiature diode, 3-pin all-glass *'''DA90/1A3''' – Indirectly heated FM discriminator diode, Miniature 7-pin base, 1.4 V/150 mA heater *'''DA101''' – Diode, Miniature 7-pin base ===='''DAC'''==== *'''DAC1''' – AM detector diode + AF triode, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap, 1.4 V/50 mA filamentDAC1 on [http://www.r-type.org/exhib/aaa1615.htm r-type.org], on [https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_dac1.html radiomuseum.org] *'''DAC21''' – AM detector diode + AF triode, Octal base, 1.4 V/25 mA filament *'''DAC22''' – AM detector diode + AF triode, B8G Loctal base *'''DAC25''' – AM detector diode + AF triode, B8G Loctal base *'''DAC31''' – AM detector diode + AF triode, Octal base *'''DAC32/1H5GT''' – AM detector diode + AF triode, Octal base, 1.4 V/50 mA filament *'''DAC41w''' – AM detector diode + AF triode ===='''DAF'''==== *'''DAF1''' – AM detector diode + AF pentode[https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_daf1.html DAF1 on radiomuseum.org] *'''DAF11''' – AM detector diode + AF pentode, wide-range 0.9-1.5 V/50 mA filament, Y8A ''steel tube'' base with 1 unused pin *'''DAF26/1LD5''' – AM detector diode + AF pentode, B8G Loctal base *'''DAF40''' – AM detector diode + remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode, Rimlock base, 1.4 V/25 mA filament *'''DAF41''' – AM detector diode + AF pentode, Rimlock base, 1.4 V/25 mA filament *'''DAF70''' – Subminiature AM detector diode + AF pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base, 1.25 V/25 mA filament *'''DAF91/1S5''' – AM detector diode + AF pentode, Miniature 7-pin base, 1.4 V/50 mA filament [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:1S5T|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''DAF92/1U5''' – AM detector diode + AF pentode, Miniature 7-pin base *'''DAF96/1AH5''' – AM detector diode + AF pentode, Miniature 7-pin base, 1.4 V/25 mA filament *'''DAF191''' – AM detector diode + AF pentode, Miniature 7-pin base, 1.4 V/50 mA filament *'''DAF961''' – AM detector diode + AF pentode, Miniature 7-pin base, 1.2 V/60 mA filament ===='''DAH'''==== *'''DAH50''' – Diode + low (15-25 V) anode voltage pentode with extra beam-forming rods and a [[Tetrode#Space charge grid tube|space charge grid]] between cathode and control grid (technically a heptode), Octal base with control grid on top cap; center-tapped, 2.8 V/25 mA (series) or 1.4 V/50 mA (parallel) filament; cf. 6FS5, 6GU5, EF8, EF38 ===='''DBC'''==== *'''DBC21''' – Dual diode + triode, Octal base, 1.4 V/50 mA filament *'''DBC31''' – Dual diode + triode, Octal base[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/2/290.pdf DBC31 vademecum data] ===='''DC'''==== *'''{{Visible anchor|DC11}}''' – AF driver triode for [[#DDD11|{{color|Green|DDD11}}]], wide-range 0.9-1.5 V/25 mA filament, Y8A ''steel tube'' base with 3 unused pins *'''{{Visible anchor|DC25}}''' – AF driver triode, B8G Loctal base, for [[#DDD25|{{color|Green|DDD25}}]] *'''DC41w''' – Driver triode *'''DC51''' – Directly heated miniature AF triode, 1.5 V/70 mA filament, for use in [[hearing aid]]s;[https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_dc51.html DC51 on radiomuseum.org] cf. KC50, KC51, Mullard DB1 *'''DC70/6375''' – Subminiature UHF triode for [[walkie-talkie]]s, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base, 1.25 V/200 mA filament *'''DC80/1E3/5882''' – Triode for use as VHF amplifier or self-oscillating mixer in FM receivers, Noval base *'''DC90''' – Triode for use as VHF amplifier or self-oscillating mixer, Miniature 7-pin base, 1.4 V/50 mA filament *'''DC96''' – Triode for use as VHF amplifier or self-oscillating mixer, Miniature 7-pin base, 1.4 V/25 mA filament *'''DC703''' – Subminiature UHF triode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 5-pin/pigtails base *'''DC760''' – Subminiature [[electrometer]] ''inverted triode'' for [[Test probe|probes]], all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base *'''DC761''' – Subminiature UHF triode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base *'''DC762''' – Subminiature electrometer ''inverted triode'' for probes, 100 fA grid current, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base {{anchor|DC_SQ}}—''[[#MP_SQ|{{color|Green|Special quality}}]]'': *'''D1C''' (957) – ''[[Acorn tube|Acorn]]'' UHF triode *'''D2C''' (958) – ''Acorn'' UHF triode ===='''DCC'''==== *'''DCC90/3A5''' – Dual triode, RF amplifier or oscillator, Miniature 7-pin base; center-tapped, 2.8 V/110 mA (series) or 1.4 V/220 mA (parallel) filament ===='''DCF'''==== *'''DCF60/1V6''' – Oscillator/mixer triode/pentode, all-glass flat 7-pin pigtailed, 1.25 V/40 mA filament ===='''DCH'''==== *'''DCH1''' – [[Pentagrid converter#Hexode|Triode/hexode mixer]], European 7-pin base[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/3/324.pdf DCH1 vademecum data] *'''DCH11''' – Triode/[[Cut-off (electronics)|remote-cutoff]] hexode mixer, Y8A ''steel tube'' base, wide-range 0.9-1.5 V/75 mA filament *'''DCH21''' – Triode/remote-cutoff hexode mixer, Octal base *'''DCH22''' – Triode/remote-cutoff hexode mixer, B8G Loctal base *'''DCH25''' – Triode/remote-cutoff hexode mixer, B8G Loctal base *'''DCH31''' – Triode/remote-cutoff hexode mixer, Octal base[https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_dch31.html DCH31 on radiomuseum.org] *'''DCH41w''' – Triode/remote-cutoff hexode mixer ===='''DD'''==== *'''DD51''' – Directly heated miniature AF power triode, 1.5 V/70 mA filament, for use in hearing aids; cf. KD50, Mullard DB3 *'''DD960''' – VHF power triode, Miniature 7-pin base; center-tapped, 2.4 V/100 mA (series) or 1.2 V/200 mA (parallel) filament ===='''DDD'''==== *'''{{Visible anchor|DDD11}}''' – Dual AF power triode, wide-range 0.9-1.5 V/100 mA filament, Y8A ''steel tube'' base with 1 unused pin – preferred driver is [[#DC11|{{color|Green|DC11}}]] *'''{{Visible anchor|DDD25}}''' – Dual AF power triode, B8G Loctal base – preferred driver is [[#DC25|{{color|Green|DC25}}]] *'''DDD41w''' – Dual power triode ===='''DF'''==== *'''DF1''' – RF/IF pentode, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top capDF1 on [http://www.r-type.org/exhib/aag0087.htm r-type.org], on [https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_df1.html radiomuseum.org] *'''DF11''' – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode, wide-range 0.9-1.5 V/100 mA filament, Y8A ''steel tube'' base with 2 unused pins *'''DF21''' – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode, Octal base, 1.4 V/25 mA filament *'''DF22''' – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode, Octal base, 1.4 V/50 mA filament *'''DF23''' – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode, B8G Loctal base *'''DF25''' – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode, B8G Loctal base *'''DF26''' – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF pentode, B8G Loctal base *'''DF31''' – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode, Octal base[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/1/176.pdf DF31/32/33 vademecum data] *'''DF32''' – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode, Octal base *'''DF33/1N5GT''' – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode, Octal base, 1.4 V/50 mA filament *'''DF41w''' – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode *'''DF51''' – Miniature, 1.5 V/70 mA half-indirectly heated, sharp-cutoff RF/IF pentode;[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/1/145.pdf DF51 vademecum data] cf. KE50 *'''DF60/5678''' – Subminiature sharp-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, 1.25 V/50 mA filament *'''DF61''' – Subminiature sharp-cutoff RF or mixer pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, 1.25 V/25 mA filament *'''DF62/1AD4''' – Subminiature sharp-cutoff RF pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, 1.25 V/100 mA filament, for use as RF/IF stage *'''DF63''' – Subminiature remote-cutoff RF pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, 1.25 V/25 mA filament, for use as RF/IF stage *'''DF64''' – Subminiature AF pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, 0.625 V/10 mA filament, for use in [[hearing aid]]s *'''DF65''' – Subminiature AF pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 5-pin/pigtails base, 0.625 V/13.3 mA filament, for use in hearing aids *'''DF66''' – Subminiature AF pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, 0.625 V/15 mA filament, for use in hearing aids *'''DF67/6008''' – DF65 with round cross-section body, but flat 5-pin base *'''DF70''' – Subminiature AF pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base, 0.625 V/25 mA filament, for use in hearing aids *'''DF72''' – Subminiature sharp-cutoff RF pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base, for use as RF/IF stage *'''DF73''' – Subminiature remote-cutoff RF pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base, for use as RF/IF stage *'''DF91/1T4''' – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode, Miniature 7-pin base, 1.4 V/50 mA filament *'''DF92/1L4''' – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF pentode, Miniature 7-pin base, 1.4 V/50 mA filament *'''DF96/1AJ4''' – Remote-cutoff RF/mixer pentode, Miniature 7-pin base, 1.4 V/25 mA filament *'''DF97/1AN5''' – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode, Miniature 7-pin base, 1.4 V/25 mA filament *'''DF161''' – Subminiature AF pentode, all-glass pigtailed, for use in hearing aids *'''DF167''' – Subminiature AF pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, 0.625 V/13.3 mA filament, for use in hearing aids *'''DF191''' – RF pentode, Miniature 7-pin base, 1.4 V/50 mA filament *'''DF650''' = Raytheon '''CK538DX''' – Subminiature AF pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, for use in hearing aids[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/1/143.pdf DF650 vademecum data] *'''DF651''' = Raytheon '''CK549DX''' – Subminiature AF pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, for use in hearing aids *'''DF668''' – Subminiature RF pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, 1.25 V/100 mA filament; similar to 1AD4 *'''DF669''' – Subminiature RF/IF pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, 1.25 V/50 mA filament; similar to 5678 *'''DF703''' (5886) – Subminiature [[electrometer]] pentode, envelope has a moisture-repellent coating, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, 1.25 V/10 mA filament, for probe amplifiers *'''DF904/1U4/5910''' – Sharp-cutoff SW/VHF pentode, Miniature 7-pin base *'''DF906''' – Sharp-cutoff SW/VHF pentode, Miniature 7-pin base *'''DF961''' – Sharp-cutoff SW/VHF pentode, Miniature 7-pin base, 1.2 V/60 mA filament {{anchor|DF_SQ}}—''[[#MP_SQ|{{color|Green|Special quality}}]]'': *'''D1F''' – D11F with a hand grip *'''D2F''' – D12F with a hand grip *'''D3F''' (959) – ''[[Acorn tube|Acorn]]'' VHF pentode *'''D11F''' – ''Acorn'' remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode for portable transceivers, 1.4 V/100 mA filament *'''D12F''' – ''Acorn'' RF/IF/AF pentode for portable transceivers, 1.4 V/240 mA filament ===='''DFF'''==== *'''DFF50''' – Dual pentode, B8G Loctal base[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/3/317.pdf DFF50/51/101 vademecum data] *'''DFF51''' – Dual pentode, B8G Loctal base *'''DFF101''' – Dual pentode, Miniature 7-pin base ===='''DK'''==== *'''DK1''' – Octode [[pentagrid converter]], side-contact 8 base with grid 4 on top cap[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/2/242.pdf DK1 vademecum data] *'''DK21''' – Remote-cutoff octode beam pentagrid converter, Octal base, 1.4 V/50 mA filament *'''DK22''' – Octode pentagrid converter, B8G Loctal base[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/2/249.pdf DK22/31 vademecum data] *'''DK25''' – Remote-cutoff octode pentagrid converter, B8G Loctal base *'''DK31''' – Remote-cutoff octode pentagrid converter, Octal base *'''DK32/1A7GT''' – Remote-cutoff heptode pentagrid converter, Octal base with grid 4 on top cap, 1.4 V/50 mA filament *'''DK40''' – Remote-cutoff octode pentagrid converter, Rimlock base, 1.4 V/50 mA filament *'''DK91/1R5''' – Remote-cutoff heptode pentagrid converter, Miniature 7-pin base, 1.4 V/50 mA filament *'''DK92/1AC6''' – Heptode pentagrid converter, Miniature 7-pin base, 1.4 V/50 mA filament *'''DK96/1AB6''' – Heptode pentagrid converter, Miniature 7-pin base, 1.4 V/25 mA filament *'''DK192''' – Heptode pentagrid converter, Miniature 7-pin base, 1.4 V/50 mA filament *'''DK962''' – Heptode pentagrid converter, Miniature 7-pin base, 1.2 V/60 mA filament ===='''DL'''==== *'''DL2''' – Power pentode, side-contact 8 base[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/1/199.pdf DL2/36 vademecum data] *'''DL11''' – 350 mW AF power pentode, wide-range 0.9-1.5 V/50 mA filament, Y8A ''steel tube'' base with 2 unused pins *'''DL21''' – 700 mW AF power pentode, Octal base, 1.4 V/50 mA filament *'''DL22''' – Power pentode, B8G Loctal base[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/1/197.pdf DL22/31 vademecum data] *'''DL25''' – Power pentode, B8G Loctal base *'''DL26''' – Power pentode, B8G Loctal base *'''DL29/3D6''' – 1.4 W VHF beam power pentode up to 50 MHz with a center-tapped, 2.8/1.4 V filament, B8G Loctal base *'''DL31/1A5''' – Power pentode, Octal base *'''DL33/3Q5GT''' – 400 mW AF power pentode, Octal base; center-tapped, 2.8 V/50 mA (series) or 1.4 V/100 mA (parallel) filament *'''DL35/1C5GT''' – 400 mW Power pentode, Octal base, 1.4 V/100 mA filament *'''DL36/1Q5GT''' – Power pentode, Octal base *'''DL41''' – 600 mW Power pentode, Rimlock base; center-tapped, 2.8 V/50 mA (series) or 1.4 V/100 mA (parallel) filament :*'''DL41w''' – ''Bowl'' Power pentode *'''DL51''' – Miniature, 1.5 V/130 mA half-indirectly heated power pentode *'''DL64''' – Subminiature AF power pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, for use in [[hearing aid]]s, UA = 15 V, UAmax = 45 V, 1.25 V/10 mA filament *'''DL65''' – Subminiature AF power pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 5-pin/long pigtails base, UA = 22.5 V, UAmax = 45 V, 1.25 V/13 mA filament, for use in hearing aids; DL67/6007 with a different pinout *'''DL66''' – Subminiature AF power pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, for use in hearing aids, UA = 22.5 V, UAmax = 45 V, 1.25 V/15 mA filament *'''DL67/6007''' – DL65 with round cross-section body, but flat 5-pin base *'''DL68''' – Subminiature AF power pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, for use in hearing aids, UA = 22.5 V, UAmax = 45 V, 1.25 V/25 mA filament *'''DL69''' – Subminiature power pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, UA = 90 V, 1.25 V/25 mA filament *'''DL70''' – Subminiature VHF power pentode up to 200 MHz, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base, for use in [[walkie-talkie]]s, UA = 150 V, 1.25 V/110 mA filament *'''DL71''' – Subminiature AF power pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base, for use in hearing aids, UA = 22.5 V, UAmax = 45 V, 1.25 V/25 mA filament *'''DL72''' – Subminiature AF power pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base, for use in hearing aids, UAmax = 45 V, 1.25 V/25 mA filament *'''DL73''' (CV2299) – Subminiature VHF power pentode up to 200 MHz, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base, for use in walkie-talkies, UA = 150 V, 1.25 V/200 mA filament *'''DL75''' – Subminiature AF power pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/1/196.pdf DL75 vademecum data] *'''DL91/1S4''' – Power pentode, Miniature 7-pin base *'''DL92/3S4''' – 270 mW AF power pentode with a center-tapped, 2.8 V/50 mA (series) or 1.4 V/100 mA (parallel) filament, Miniature 7-pin base [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:3S4T|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''DL93/3A4''' – 1.2 W RF/AF power pentode with a center-tapped, 2.8 V/100 mA (series) or 1.4 V/200 mA (parallel) filament, Miniature 7-pin base *'''DL94/3V4''' – 1.3 W AF power pentode with a center-tapped, 2.8 V/50 mA (series) or 1.4 V/100 mA (parallel) filament, Miniature 7-pin base *'''DL95/3Q4''' – 270 mW AF power pentode with a center-tapped, 2.8 V/50 mA (series) or 1.4 V/100 mA (parallel) filament, Miniature 7-pin base *'''DL96/3C4''' – 440 mW AF power pentode with a center-tapped, 2.8 V/25 mA (series) or 1.4 V/50 mA (parallel) filament, Miniature 7-pin base *'''DL97/3Y4''' – Power pentode with a center-tapped filament, Miniature 7-pin base[https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_dl97.html DL97/3Y4 on radiomuseum.org] *'''DL98/3B4''' – 1.25 W RF power pentode with a center-tapped, 2.5 V/165 mA (series) or 1.25 V/330 mA (parallel) filament, up to 100 MHz, Miniature 7-pin base *'''DL161''' – Subminiature AF power pentode, all-glass pigtailed, for use in hearing aids *'''DL167''' – 1.8 mW Subminiature AF power pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, 1.25 V/13.3 mA filament, for use in hearing aids *'''DL192''' – 150 mW AF power pentode with a center-tapped, 2.8 V/50 mA (series) or 1.4 V/100 mA (parallel) filament, Miniature 7-pin base *'''DL193''' – 650 mW AF power pentode with a center-tapped, 1.4 V/200 mA filament, Miniature 7-pin base *'''DL620''' – 110 mW Subminiature power pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, UAmax = 90 V, 1.25 V/50 mA filament *'''DL650''' = Raytheon '''CK532DX''' – 45 mW Subminiature power pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, UAmax = 30 V, 1.25 V/15 mA filament *'''DL651''' = Raytheon '''CK546DX''' – DL650 with a 1.25 V/10 mA filament *'''DL761''' (6397) – Subminiature RF power pentode, all-glass pigtailed *'''DL907''' – SW/VHF power pentode, Miniature 7-pin base *'''DL962''' – 150 mW AF power pentode with a center-tapped, 2.4 V/60 mA (series) or 1.2 V/120 mA (parallel) filament, Miniature 7-pin base *'''DL963''' – RF/AF power pentode with a center-tapped, 2.4 V/100 mA (series) or 1.2 V/200 mA (parallel) filament, Miniature 7-pin base ===='''DLL'''==== *'''DLL21''' (Octal base), '''DLL25''' (B8G Loctal base) – 1.5 W AF Dual power pentode, center-tapped, 2.8 V/100 mA (series) or 1.4 V/200 mA (parallel) filament *'''DLL31''' – DLL21 with a different pinout *'''DLL101''' – Dual power pentode, Miniature 7-pin base *'''DLL102''' – Dual power pentode, Miniature 7-pin base ===='''DM'''==== *'''DM21''' – Top-view, "Magic Eye"-type [[Magic eye tube|tuning indicator]], Octal base, 1.4 V/25 mA filament *'''DM70/1M3''' – Side-view, subminiature band-and-dot-type tuning/level indicator, all-glass pigtailed *'''DM71/1N3''' – Side-view, subminiature band-and-dot-type tuning/level indicator, all-glass pigtailed *'''DM160/6977''' (ИВ-15↦IV-15) – First [[vacuum fluorescent display]], single segment, side-view, for use as [[Flip-flop (electronics)|flip-flop]] status indicator in [[Wiktionary:transistorized|transistorized]] computers. All-glass pigtailed, 1 V/30 mA filament; cf. 8569 ===='''DY'''==== *'''DY30/1B3GT''' – 30 kV [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] [[High voltage|EHT]] rectifier, Octal base with anode on top cap *'''DY51/1BG2''' – Half-indirectly heated 15 kV portable-TV CRT EHT rectifier, filament internally connected to cathode, all-glass, filament pigtails on one end, anode pigtail on the other *'''DY70''' – 10 kV CRT EHT rectifier, 3-pin all-glass pigtailed, anode on top wire *'''DY80/1X2A''' – 23 kV CRT EHT rectifier, Noval base *'''{{Visible anchor|DY86}}/1S2''' – Half-indirectly heated 18 kV CRT EHT rectifier, Noval base, filament internally connected to cathode; EY86/6S2 or GY86 with a different heater *'''{{Visible anchor|DY87}}/1S2A''' – EY87/6S2A with a different heater; DY86/1S2 with a [[Silicone rubber|silicone]]-coated envelope to avoid [[Electrical breakdown|flush-over]] in high-humidity and low atmospheric-pressure conditions *'''{{Visible anchor|DY802}}/1BQ2''' – Half-indirectly heated 20 kV CRT EHT rectifier, Noval base, silicone-coated envelope, filament internally connected to cathode; EY802 or GY802 with a different heater *'''DY900''' – Half-indirectly heated 16 kV CRT EHT rectifier, Miniature 7-pin base, filament internally connected to cathode ==='''E''' - 6.3 V heater=== ===='''EA'''==== *'''EA40''' – 7 kV, 25 mA Diode, 4-pin Rimlock base *'''EA41''' – 150 V, 9 mA Diode, 4-pin Rimlock base *'''EA50/2B35''' – Diode for TV detectors, 3+1-pin all-glass subminiature with anode on top pin *'''EA52/6923''' – [[Instrumentation]] rectifier diode up to 1 GHz, ''Rocket''-type ''disk-seal'' tube *'''EA53''' – Co-axial instrumentation rectifier diode up to 1 GHz, ''Rocket''-type ''disk-seal'' tube *'''EA71''' – Diode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base *'''EA76''' (''6489'') – Diode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 5-pin/pigtails base *'''EA111''' – Diode for time bases, Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''EA766''' (''5704'') – Diode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 5-pin/pigtails base *'''EA960''' – 100 V[[Peak inverse voltage|PIV]] VHF Diode, Miniature 7-pin base *'''EA961''' – 2 kVPIV VHF Diode, Miniature 7-pin base *'''EA962''' – 100 VPIV VHF Diode with extremely small distance between cathode and anode for extended frequency range, Miniature 7-pin base ===='''EAA'''==== *'''EAA11''' – Dual diode, Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''EAA91/6AL5''' – Dual diode with separate cathodes, Miniature 7-pin base; HAA91/12AL5, UAA91 or XAA91/3AL5 with a different heater; EB91 with a shorter envelope *'''EAA171''' – Dual diode, separate cathodes and separate heaters, ''gnome tube''; UAA171 with a different heater *'''EAA766''' – Virtual dual diode for use in [[Fictitious entry|homing beacons]] *'''EAA901S/5726''' – Dual RF diode, Miniature 7-pin base {{anchor|EAA_SQ}}—''[[#MP_SQ|{{color|Green|Special quality}}]]'': *'''E91AA''' – Dual diode, Miniature 7-pin base ===='''EAB'''==== *'''EAB1''' – Triple diode with common cathode, side-contact 8 base; AAB1 or PAB1 with a different heater ===='''EABC'''==== *'''{{Visible anchor|EABC80}}/[[#6AK8|{{color|Green|6AK8}}]]''' = M-OV '''DH719''' ('''[[#6T8|{{color|Green|6T8}}]]''', '''6T8A''') – [[Control grid#Effects of grid position|High-mu]] triode + triple low-voltage diode (two on common cathode with triode, one with independent cathode), Noval base, used as an AF amplifier, AM detector and FM ratio detector in post-war European AM/FM radios; 5T8, HABC80/19T8, PABC80/9AK8 or UABC80/27AK8 with a different heater [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:EABC80 (vacuum tube)|class=noviewer|alt=]] ===='''EAC'''==== *'''EAC91''' – Diode/triode UHF mixer, Miniature 7-pin base ===='''EAF'''==== *'''EAF21''' – Diode + [[Cut-off (electronics)|remote-cutoff]] RF/IF/AF pentode, B8G Loctal base; UAF21 with a different heater *'''EAF41''' – Diode + remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode, Rimlock base; UAF41 with a different heater *'''EAF42/6CT7''' – Diode + remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode, Rimlock base *'''EAF801''' – Diode + remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode, Noval base ===='''EAM'''==== *'''EAM86/6GX8''' – Diode + side-view, horizontal band-type [[Magic eye tube|tuning/level indicator]], Noval base; the diode is to rectify the audio signal when indicating a recording level or a [[Modulation index|modulation depth]] ===='''EB'''==== *'''EB1''' – Common cathode dual diode, side-contact 5 base *'''EB2''' – Common cathode dual diode, side-contact 5 base *'''EB4''' – Separate cathodes dual diode; EB11 or EB34 with a side-contact 8 base *'''EB11''' – Separate cathodes dual diode with separate cathodes; EB4 or EB34 with a Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''EB34''' – Separate cathodes dual diode with separate cathodes; EB4 or EB11 with an Octal base *'''EB40''' – Common cathode dual diode, Rimlock base *'''EB41''' – Separate cathodes dual diode, Rimlock base; UB41 with a different heater *'''EB91''' – Separate cathodes dual diode with separate cathodes, Miniature 7-pin base, for FM ratio detectors; EAA91/6AL5 with a longer envelope ===='''EBC'''==== *'''EBC1''' – Dual diode + AF triode, side-contact 8 base with triode grid on top cap; ABC1 with a different heater *'''EBC3''' – Dual diode + AF triode, side-contact 8 base with triode grid on top cap *'''EBC11''' – Dual diode + AF triode, Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''EBC33/6Q7''' – Dual diode + AF triode; EBC3 with an Octal base *'''EBC41/6CV7''' – Shielded dual diode + AF triode; UBC41 with a different heater; EBC81/6BD7A with a Rimlock base *'''EBC80/6BD7''' – Shielded dual diode + AF triode, Noval base *'''EBC81/6BD7A''' – Shielded dual diode + AF triode; UBC81 with a different heater; EBC41 with a Noval base *'''EBC90/6AT6''' – High-mu AF triode + common cathode dual diode, Miniature 7-pin base; HBC90/12AT6 with a different heater *'''EBC91/6AV6''' – High-mu AF triode + common cathode dual diode, for use in FM ratio detectors, Miniature 7-pin base; HBC91/12AV6 with a different heater ===='''EBF'''==== *'''EBF1''' (6B7) – Common cathode dual diode + remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/3/301.pdf EBF1 vademecum data] *'''EBF2''' – Common cathode dual diode + remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode; EBF11 or EBF35 with a side-contact 8 base *'''EBF11''' – Common cathode dual diode + remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode; EBF2 and EBF35 with a Y8A ''steel tube'' base; VBF11 with a different heater *'''EBF15''' – Common cathode dual diode + remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode, Y8A ''steel tube'' base; UBF15 with a different heater *'''EBF21''' – Common cathode dual diode + remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode, B8G Loctal base[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/3/303.pdf EBF21 vademecum data] *'''EBF32''' (6B8) – Common cathode dual diode + remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode, Octal base with g1 on top cap *'''EBF35''' – Common cathode dual diode + remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode; EBF2 or EBF11 with an Octal base with g1 on top cap *'''EBF80/6N8''' = '''WD709''' – Common cathode dual diode + remote-cutoff pentode, Noval base *'''EBF81/6AD8''' – Common cathode dual diode + remote-cutoff pentode, Noval base *'''EBF83/6DR8''' – Common cathode dual diode + low (6.3-50 V) anode voltage sharp-cutoff pentode for use as IF amplifier, detector and [[Automatic gain control#AM radio receivers|AGC]] diode in vehicle equipment, Noval base *'''EBF89/6DC8/7125''' – Common cathode dual diode + semiremote-cutoff RF/IF pentode, Noval base *'''EBF171''' – Dual diode + remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode; the first ''gnome tube'', a modified and repackaged EBF11; UBF171 with a different heater *'''EBF175''' – Common cathode dual diode + remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode,[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/052/6/602.pdf EBF175 vademecum data] prototype only ===='''EBL'''==== *'''EBL1''' – Dual diode + 9-watts power pentode; EBL21 or EBL31 with a side-contact 8 base, ABL1 with a different heater *'''EBL21''' = '''EBL71''' – Dual diode + power pentode; EBL1 or EBL31 with a B8G Loctal base *'''EBL31''' – Dual diode + power pentode; EBL1 or EBL21 with an Octal base ===='''EC'''==== *'''EC2''' – Triode for use as AF amplifier or as oscillator, side-contact 8 base; AC2 with a different heater *'''EC21''' – Triode, B8G Loctal base[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/1/127.pdf EC21 vademecum data] *'''EC31''' – Triode, Octal base[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/1/137.pdf EC31 vademecum data] *'''EC40''' – VHF Triode up to 500 MHz; EC80 with a B8A Rimlock base *'''EC41''' – UHF oscillator triode; EC81 with a B8A Rimlock base *'''EC50''' – Helium-filled triode [[thyratron]] for use as a horizontal sweep, sawtooth waveform generator in [[oscilloscope]]s, side-contact 8 base with anode on top cap *'''EC52''' – RF triode for use as an oscillator, B9G 9-pin Loctal base *'''EC53''' – VHF triode for use as an oscillator up to 600 MHz, 3-pin base with grid and anode on top pins *'''EC54''' – Triode, B9G 9-pin Loctal base[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/1/133.pdf EC54 vademecum data] *'''EC55/5861''' = La Radiotechnique '''R243''' – 3 GHz, 10 W ''Rocket''-type ''disk-seal'' UHF triode *'''EC56''' – 4 GHz [[Triode#Lighthouse tubes|''Lighthouse'']]-type ''disk-[[Glass-to-metal seal|seal]]'' microwave triode *'''EC57''' (''EC157'') – ''Lighthouse''-type ''disk-seal'' microwave triode *'''EC70/6K4/6778''' – Subminiature UHF triode for use as an oscillator in the 500 MHz range, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base *'''EC71/5718''' – Subminiature UHF triode up tp 1 GHz, for use as an oscillator in the 500 MHz range, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base *'''EC80/6Q4''' – VHF Triode up to 500 MHz, Noval base *'''EC81/6R4''' – UHF oscillator triode, Noval base *'''EC84/6AJ4''' – [[Control grid#Effects of grid position|High-mu]] triode, Noval base *'''EC86/6CM4''' – UHF triode, Noval base; PC86/4CM4 with a different heater *'''EC88/6DL4''' – UHF triode, Noval base; PC88/4DL4 with a different heater. This and the EC86 were often encountered in UHF TV tuners, the latter as a self oscillating mixer *'''EC90/6C4''' (6100) – 3.6 W Small-power VHF triode up to 150 MHz, Miniature 7-pin base; single ECC82/[[12AU7]] system *'''EC91/6AQ4''' – VHF triode up to 250 MHz, Miniature 7-pin base *'''EC92/6AB4''' – VHF triode for FM [[RF front end|receiver front ends]], Miniature 7-pin base, single ECC81/[[12AT7]] system; UC92/9AB4 with a different heater *'''EC93/6BS4''' – UHF Medium-mu oscillator triode, Miniature 7-pin base[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/1/131.pdf EC93 vademecum data] *'''EC94/6AF4''' – UHF Medium-mu oscillator triode, Miniature 7-pin base *'''EC95/6ER5''' – [[Control grid#Grid variations|Variable-mu]] VHF triode, Miniature 7-pin base; PC95/4ER5 or XC95/2ER5 with a different heater *'''EC97/6FY5''' – Frame-grid VHF triode, Miniature 7-pin base; PC97/4FY5 or XC97/2FY5 with a different heater *'''EC98''' – UHF triode, Miniature 7-pin base *'''EC157/8108''' – 4 GHz, 12.5 W ''Lighthouse''-type ''disk-seal'' microwave triode *'''EC158''' – Low-voltage, 4 GHz, 30 W ''Lighthouse''-type ''disk-seal'' microwave triode *'''EC162''' – RF power triode, Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''EC360''' (Center-tapped heater), '''EC362''' (anode on top cap) – Triodes, Octal base, for use in power supplies *'''EC560''' (2C40) – ''Lighthouse''-type ''disk-seal'' microwave triode *'''EC562''' (2C39B) – ''Oil can''-type ''disk-seal'' microwave triode *'''EC760''' (''EC71/5718'') – Subminiature VHF oscillator/mixer triode up to 500 MHz, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 7-pin/pigtails base *'''EC860''' – 20 mAavg, 500 mApk Helium-filled grid-turn-off triode thyratron e.g. for [[Relaxation oscillator#Pearson–Anson oscillator|relaxation oscillator]]s up to 150 kHz, Noval base; cf. 6441, 20TC4, 30TC1 *'''EC866''' – Low-noise UHF triode, Noval base *'''EC900/6HA5''' – VHF triode, Miniature 7-pin base; LC900/3HA5 or PC900/4HA5 with a different heater *'''EC903''' – RF/IF Triode, Miniature 7-pin baseEC903 on [http://www.r-type.org/exhib/aaa0972.htm r-type.org], on [https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_ec903.html radiomuseum.org] {{anchor|EC_SQ}}—''[[#MP_SQ|{{color|Green|Special quality}}]]'': *'''EC1000/8254''' – Triode for use as amplifier in [[Test probe|probes]], 8-pin all-glass pigtailed with grid on top wire *'''EC1030''' – Indirectly heated UHF triode, ''[[Hot spare|hot-standby]]'' (no cathode current) resistant, all-glass round cross-section body with 8 circular, tinned, 38 mm long wires *'''EC1031''' – EC1030 with 5.5 mm long, gold-plated pins for insertion into a special socket *'''EC8010/8556''' – UHF triode for use as amplifier or oscillator up to 1 GHz, Noval base *'''EC8020''' – UHF triode, Noval base *'''E1C/4671''' ([[955 acorn triode|955]]) – ''[[Acorn tube|Acorn]]'' UHF triode *'''E20C''' – RF triode for wide band [[cascode]] circuits, B8G Loctal base *'''E86C''' (''EC806S'') – UHF triode up to 800 MHz, Noval base with gold-plated pins *'''E88C/8255''' – UHF triode for [[Valve RF amplifier#Grounded grid amplifier|grounded-grid amplifiers]], up to 1 GHz, Noval base ===='''ECC'''==== *'''ECC31''' – Common cathodes dual AF power triode, Octal base[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/2/279.pdf ECC31 vademecum data] *'''ECC32/[[6SN7]]''' – Separate cathodes dual AF triode, Octal base *'''ECC33''' – Separate cathodes, [[Control grid#Effects of grid position|high-mu]] dual triode for use as a [[Flip-flop (electronics)|flip-flop]], Octal base *'''ECC34''' – Separate cathodes, dual triode for use as a [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] vertical deflection power multivibrator, Octal base *'''ECC35/6SL7''' – Separate cathodes, high-mu AF dual triode, Octal base *'''ECC40''' – Separate cathodes, AF dual triode, Rimlock base *'''ECC70/6021''' – Separate cathodes, subminiature VHF medium-mu dual triode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base *'''ECC81/[[12AT7]]'''[[File:Dubulttriode darbiibaa.jpg|99 px|thumb|right|ECC83/12AX7]] (''6060, M8162, B309'') – High-mu dual triode with a center-tapped heater, for use as RF amplifier/mixer in VHF circuits, Noval base [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:12AT7/ECC81|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''ECC82/[[12AU7]]''' (''6067, M8136, B329'') – Medium-mu dual triode with a center-tapped heater for use as AF amplifier, Noval base; XCC82/7AU7 with a different heater. Two EC90/6C4s in one envelope; however, it is only specified as an audio frequency device [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:12AU7/ECC82|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''ECC83/[[12AX7]]''' (''6057, M8137, B339'') – High-mu dual triode with a center-tapped heater for use as a high-gain AF amplifier, Noval base [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:12AX7/ECC83|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''{{Visible anchor|ECC84}}/6CW7''' – Dual VHF triode for [[Valve RF amplifier#Grounded grid amplifier|grounded-grid]]/[[cascode]] amplifiers in TV tuners; section 1 cathode is connected to two adjacent pins and the screen between the two sections is internally connected to the section 2 grid; Noval base; PCC84/7AN7 or UCC84 with a different heater *'''ECC85/6AQ8''' – Dual triode for use as VHF oscillator/mixer up to 200 MHz, Noval base; HCC85/17EW8, PCC85/9AQ8 or UCC85 with a different heater *'''ECC86/6GM8''' – Dual low (6.3-25 V) anode voltage triode, Noval base, for use in VHF tuners in vehicle equipment [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:ECC86|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''ECC87/6085''' – Renamed to E80CC/6085 *'''ECC88/[[6DJ8]]''' – Dual triode used as cascode RF amplifier in TV tuners and VHF [[RF front end|receiver front ends]], or as general-purpose [[instrumentation]] dual triode, Noval base; PCC88/7DJ8 with a different heater [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:6DJ8|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''ECC89/6FC7''' – Dual triode used as cascode RF amplifier in TV tuners and VHF receiver front ends, or as general-purpose [[instrumentation]] dual triode, Noval base ::'''Notes:''' ::*All ECC8x have separate cathodes ::*ECC81, 82 & 83 have the individual triode heaters internally series-connected, with the midpoint on a separate pin, so they could be run on both 6.3 V and 12.6 V (hence [[#RETMA receiving tubes system (1953)|{{color|Green|RETMA}}]] lists them as 12V types), which was useful in dual-system (6V and 12V) [[Vehicle audio|car radios]] ::*All other ECC8x have no heater midpoint tap; ECC85, 86 & 88 have the freed-up pin being used for an internal screen between the sections *'''ECC91/6J6''' – Common cathode dual VHF triode up to 600 MHz, Miniature 7-pin base *'''ECC92''' – Common cathode dual triode for use as a flip-flop in computers, Miniature 7-pin base *'''ECC99''' – Separate cathodes dual RF triode, Noval base *'''ECC171''' – Separate cathodes and separate heaters dual triode, 11-pin ''gnome tube'' with internal shield, prototype only; UCC171 with a different heater *'''ECC180/6BQ7A''' – Separate cathodes, dual VHF triode for cascode amplifiers, Noval base *'''ECC186/7316''' – Separate cathodes, dual triode for use in digital computers, no [[Hot cathode#Failure modes|cathode interface/poisoning]] after prolonged periods in [[Cut-off (electronics)|cut-off]], Noval base *'''ECC189/6ES8''' – Separate cathodes, dual variable-mu VHF triode for cascode amplifiers, Noval base; PCC189/7ES8, XCC189/4ES8 or YCC189/5ES8 with a different heater *'''ECC230/6AS7G''' (''6080'') – Separate cathodes, dual low-mu power triode for use as series regulator in DC power supplies, servo applications, or as a horizontal booster triode in TV monitors, Octal base *'''ECC801S/6201''' – Separate cathodes, dual RF triode, Noval base *'''ECC802S/6189''' – Separate cathodes, dual AF triode, Noval base *'''ECC803S/6057''' – Separate cathodes, dual low-[[microphonics]] AF triode, Noval base *'''ECC804/6GA8''' – Separate cathodes, dual triode, Noval baseECC804 on [http://www.r-type.org/exhib/abo0077.htm r-type.org], on [https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_ecc804.html radiomuseum.org] *'''ECC807S''' – Separate cathodes, dual AF triode for high-gain preamplifiers, Noval base *'''ECC808/6KX8''' – Separate cathodes, dual AF triode for use as record head output tube in [[tape recorder]]s, Noval base *'''ECC812''' – Separate cathodes, dual shielded triode for color TV chrominance outputs in [[SECAM]] TV receivers, Noval base *'''ECC813''' (6463) – Separate cathodes, dual triode for computer circuits, heaters internally series-connected, with the midpoint on a separate pin, Noval base *'''ECC832/12DW7/7247''' – Dual dissimilar AF triode, a combination of one ECC83/[[12AX7]] system for use as a high-gain amplifier and one ECC82/[[12AU7]] system for use as a phase inverter or cathode follower, Noval base *'''ECC863''' – Separate cathodes, dual triode with an internal screen between the sections *'''ECC865''' – Long-life version of the ECC85 *'''ECC960''', '''ECC962''' – Common cathode, dual triodes for use as a flip-flop in computers, Miniature 7-pin base {{anchor|ECC_SQ}}—''[[#MP_SQ|{{color|Green|Special quality}}]]'': *'''ECC2000''' – VHF separate cathodes, dual triode with neutralization screen, Decal base, for use in cascode amplifiers up to 300 MHz *'''ECC8100''' – VHF separate cathodes, dual triode with neutralization screen ("''Neutrode''") connected to the heater, for use in cascode amplifiers, Noval base *'''E80CC/6085''' – Separate cathodes, dual triode for use as DC or AF amplifier, Noval base *'''E81CC/6201''' – Separate cathodes, dual triode for AF and RF amplifiers, mixers up to 300 MHz, oscillators, impulse circuits; Noval base; withstands zero cathode current for extended periods of time *'''E82CC/6189''' – Separate cathodes, dual triode, shock/vibration resistant, no [[Hot cathode#Failure modes|cathode interface/poisoning]] after prolonged periods in [[Cut-off (electronics)|cut-off]], Noval base, for use as amplifier or multivibrator; premium version of ECC82/12AU7 *'''E83CC/6681''' – Separate cathodes, low-microphonics dual triode, Noval base *'''E88CC/6922''' – Separate cathodes, dual triode, Noval base with gold-plated pins *'''E90CC/5920''' – Common cathode, dual triode for use as a flip-flop in computers, no cathode poisoning after prolonged periods in cut-off, Miniature 7-pin base *'''E92CC''' – Common cathode, dual triode for use as a flip-flop in computers, no cathode poisoning after prolonged periods in cut-off, Miniature 7-pin base *'''E180CC/7062''' – Separate cathodes, dual triode for use as a flip-flop in computers, no cathode poisoning after prolonged periods in cut-off, Noval base *'''E181CC/7118''' – Separate cathodes, dual triode for use in digital computers, no cathode poisoning after prolonged periods in cut-off, Noval base *'''E182CC/7119''' – Separate cathodes, dual triode for use as a flip-flop in computers, no cathode poisoning after prolonged periods in cut-off, Noval base *'''E188CC/7308''' – Separate cathodes, dual triode for use as RF/IF/AF amplifier, Noval base *'''E283CC''' – Separate cathodes, dual triode for use as [[Valve audio amplifier|AF]] or [[instrumentation]] amplifier, Noval base *'''E288CC/8223''' – Separate cathodes, dual triode for use in IF, RF and cascode amplifiers, Noval base ===='''ECF'''==== *'''ECF1''' – AF Triode + remote-cutoff IF pentode, side-contact 8 base with pentode control grid on top cap *'''ECF12''' – Triode + sharp-cutoff pentode for use as RF amplifier and [[Regenerative circuit|superregenerative FM detector]], Y8A ''steel tube'' base; UCF12 with a different heater *'''ECF80/6BL8''' – VHF oscillator/mixer triode/pentode, Noval base; LCF80/6LN8, PCF80/9A8, UCF80 or XCF80/4BL8 with a different heater *'''{{Visible anchor|ECF82}}/6U8''' – VHF oscillator/mixer triode/pentode, Noval base; PCF82/9U8A or XCF82/5U8 with a different heater *'''ECF83''' – Low-[[microphonics]] VHF oscillator/mixer triode/remote-cutoff pentode, Noval base, for vehicle equipment *'''ECF86/6HG8''' – VHF oscillator/mixer triode/pentode, Noval base; LCF86/5HG8, PCF86/7HG8, 8HG8 or XCF86/4HG8 with a different heater *'''ECF174''' – Triode + pentode, ''gnome tube'', prototype only; UCF174 with a different heater *'''ECF200/6X9''' – Triode + sharp-cutoff pentode for use as IF amplifier in TV receivers, Decal base; PCF200/8X9 with a different heater *'''ECF201/6U9''' – Triode + remote-cutoff pentode for use as IF amplifier and sync sep in TV receivers, Decal base; LCF201/5U9 or PCF201/8U9 with a different heater *'''ECF202/6AJ9''' – Triode + sharp-cutoff pentode for use as [[SECAM]] [[Chrominance|chroma signal]] [[Analog television#Color video signal extraction|demodulators]] in analog color TV receivers, Decal base *'''ECF801/6GJ7''' – Triode + remote-cutoff pentode for use as VHF mixer in TV receivers, Noval base; LCF801/5GJ7, PCF801/8GJ7 or XCF801/4GJ7 with a different heater *'''ECF802/6JW8''' – Triode + sharp-cutoff pentode for use as reactance and sinewave oscillator in TV receivers, Noval base; LCF802/6LX8, PCF802/9JW8 or 5JW8 with a different heater *'''ECF803''' – ECF801/6GJ7 with separate cathodes *'''ECF804''' – Triode + sharp-cutoff pentode for use as wide band amplifier, Noval base; PCF804 with a different heater *'''ECF805/6GV7''' – Triode + remote-cutoff pentode for use as VHF mixer in TV receivers, Noval base; PCF805/7GV7 with a different heater *'''ECF812''' = EdiSwan '''6FL2''' – Triode + low-power semiremote-cutoff beam tetrode, Noval base;[https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/084/e/ECF812.pdf E/PCF812 data sheet] PCF812 (=30FL2) with a different heater {{anchor|ECF_SQ}}—''[[#MP_SQ|{{color|Green|Special quality}}]]'': *'''ECF8070''' – Triode + pentode *'''E80CF/7643''' – Triode + pentode ===='''ECH'''==== *'''ECH2''' – Triode/remote-cutoff heptode mixer, side-contact 8 base[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/3/328.pdf ECH2 vademecum data] *'''ECH3''' – [[Pentagrid converter#Hexode|Triode/remote-cutoff hexode mixer]], ECH33 with a side-contact 8 base *'''ECH4''' – Triode/remote-cutoff heptode mixer, ECH21 with a side-contact 8 base *'''ECH11''' – Triode/remote-cutoff hexode mixer, Y8A ''steel tube'' base; VCH11 with a different heater *'''ECH21''' = '''ECH71''' (M-OV ''X143'') – Triode/remote-cutoff heptode mixer; ECH4 with a B8G Loctal base *'''ECH33''' – Triode/remote-cutoff hexode mixer; ECH3 with an Octal base *'''ECH35''' (M-OV ''X147'') – Triode/remote-cutoff hexode mixer, Octal base *'''ECH41''' – Triode/remote-cutoff hexode mixer, Rimlock base *'''ECH42/6CU7''' – Triode/remote-cutoff hexode mixer; ECH80/6AN7 with a Rimlock base; UCH42 with a different heater *'''ECH43''' – Triode/remote-cutoff hexode mixer, Rimlock base, low-[[microphonics]] version of ECH42; UCH43 with a different heater *'''ECH80/6AN7''' – Triode/remote-cutoff hexode mixer; ECH42/6CU7 with a Noval base *'''ECH81/6AJ8''' = M-OV '''X719''' – Triode/remote-cutoff heptode mixer, Noval base; XCH81/3AJ8 with a different heater *'''ECH83/6DS8''' – Low (6.3-25 V) anode voltage, triode/sharp-cutoff heptode mixer, Noval base, for use in vehicle equipment *'''ECH84/6JX8''' – Triode/sharp-cutoff heptode mixer, Noval base *'''ECH171''' – Triode/remote-cutoff heptode mixer, ''gnome tube''; UCH171 with a different heater *'''ECH200/6V9''' – Triode/sharp-cutoff heptode, Decal base, for TV sync sep; PCH200 with a different heater {{anchor|ECH_SQ}}—''[[#MP_SQ|{{color|Green|Special quality}}]]'': *'''ECH8000''' – Triode/remote-cutoff heptode mixer, Noval base ===='''ECL'''==== *'''ECL11''' – AF Triode + AF power tetrode, Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''ECL80/6AB8''' – Triode + power pentode, Noval base *'''{{Visible anchor|ECL81}}''' – Triode + power pentode; PCL81 with a different heater *'''{{Visible anchor|ECL82}}/6BM8''' – AF Triode + AF power pentode; PCL82/16A8, UCL82/50BM8 or XCL82/8B8 with a different heater [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:ECL82|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''ECL83''' – AF Triode + AF power pentode; PCL83 with a different heater *'''ECL84/6DX8''' – TV sync sep triode + [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] cathode drive power pentode; LCL84/10DX8, PCL84/15DQ8 or XCL84/8DX8 with a different heater *'''ECL85/6GV8''' – Triode + power pentode used in TV receivers for vertical timebase, generally as a multivibrator, with the pentode section doubling as one half of the multivibrator and the power output device; LCL85/10GV8, PCL85/18GV8 or XCL85/9GV8 with a different heater *'''ECL86/6GW8''' – AF Triode + AF power pentode, used for audio amplification in European TV receivers; PCL86/14GW8 with a different heater *'''ECL113''' – Triode + AF power pentode, Rimlock base *'''ECL200''' – Triode + CRT drive power pentode, Decal base; PCL200 with a different heater *'''ECL802''' – Triode + Power pentode for use as vertical oscillator and output tube in TV receivers, Noval base *'''ECL805''' – Triode + Power pentode with separate cathodes; PCL805 with a different heater, Noval base ===='''ECLL'''==== *'''ECLL800''' – Triode + dual screened power pentode, for 9.2 W ([[Power amplifier classes#Class B|Class-B]]) or 8.5 W ([[Power amplifier classes#Class AB|Class-AB]]) [[Valve audio amplifier technical specification#The push–pull power amplifier|AF push-pull power amplifiers]]. The triode shares its [[control grid]] with the 1st pentode and acts as a phase inverter for the 2nd pentode, both pentodes share screen and suppressor grids, Noval baseECLL800 [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/062/e/ECLL800.pdf data sheet] • [http://www.4tubes.com/2-SCHEMATICS/BY-TUBES/ECLL800/ECLL800-Schaltung.jpg circuit] ===='''ED'''==== *'''ED111''' – 6 W VHF power triode up to 85 MHz, Rimlock base *'''ED500/6ED4''' – [[#PD500|{{color|Green|PD500/9ED4}}]] with a different heater, Magnoval base; considerable [[X-ray tube#Hazards of X-ray production from vacuum tubes|X-radiation]] despite the envelope being fabricated from [[lead glass]] *'''ED501''' – 27 kV Color CRT [[High voltage|EHT]] shunt stabilizer triode, Magnoval base {{anchor|ED_SQ}}—''[[#MP_SQ|{{color|Green|Special quality}}]]'': *'''ED8000''' – Power triode for use in series-pass voltage regulators, Noval base ===='''EDD'''==== *'''EDD11''' – Dual power triode, Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''EDD171''' – Dual high-mu power triode, ''gnome tube'', prototype only ===='''EE'''==== *'''EE1/4696''' (''EEP1'') – Single-ended [[Secondary emission#Special amplifying tubes|secondary emission]] amplifier for use as a wide band amplifier and phase inverter, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap *'''EE50''' – Single-ended secondary emission amplifier, B9G 9-pin Loctal base, for use in TV receivers ===='''EEL'''==== *'''EEL71''' – AF Tetrode + AF power pentode, B8G 8-pin Loctal base, for use as [[audion]] detector, AF preamplifier, AF power amplifier *'''EEL171''' – Remote-cutoff tetrode + 4-Watt power pentode, ''gnome tube''; UEL171 with a different heater ===='''EEP'''==== *'''EEP1''' See '''EE1/4696''' ===='''EF'''==== *'''EF1''' – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF pentode, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap *'''EF2''' – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap *'''EF3''' – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap *'''EF5''' – Remote-cutoff pentode, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap *'''EF6''' – Sharp-cutoff AF pentode; EF36 with a side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap *'''EF7''' – RF/IF Pentode, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap; [[#AF7|{{color|Green|AF7}}]], CF7 or VF7 with a 6.3 V heater *'''EF8''' – ''Selektode'', a remote-cutoff pentode with a beam-forming extra grid between control and screen grids, intended to reduce screen current and hence anode/screen grid distribution [[Noise (electronics)|noise]] (technically a hexode), EF38 with a side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap; cf. DAH50, 6FS5, 6GU5 *'''EF9''' – Remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode; EF22/7B7, EF39/6K7 or EF41/6CJ5 with a side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap *'''EF11''' – Remote-cutoff pentode, Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''EF12''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode, Y8A ''steel tube'' base :*'''EF12K''' – Low-microphonics version of the EF12 *'''EF13''' – Remote-cutoff pentode, Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''EF14''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode, Y8A ''steel tube'' base; UF14 and VF14 with a different heater *'''EF15''' – Remote-cutoff pentode, Y8A ''steel tube'' base; UF15 with a different heater *'''EF21''' – Remote-cutoff pentode, both 8- or 9-pin Loctal base[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/1/160.pdf EF21 vademecum data] *'''EF22/7B7''' – Remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode; EF9, EF39/6K7 and EF41/6CJ5 with a B8G Loctal base *'''EF27''' – Sharp-cutoff AF pentode, B8G Loctal base *'''EF36''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode for use as a tuned RF amplifier, a (second) detector, or an AF amplifier; EF6 with an Octal base with [[control grid]] on top cap *'''EF37/6J7''' – EF36 with low hum and microphonics *'''EF38''' – EF8 with an Octal base *'''EF39/6K7''' – Remote-cutoff RF pentode for use as an IF amplifier or as a superheterodyne mixer (1st detector), also used in test equipment; EF4, EF22/7B7 or EF41/6CJ5 with an Octal base with control grid on top cap *'''EF40''' – Sharp-cutoff AF pentode, Rimlock base *'''EF41/6CJ5''' (Cossor ''62VP'') – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode; EF4, EF22/7B7 or EF39/6K7 with a Rimlock base *'''EF42''' – Sharp-cutoff RF pentode; EF52 with a Rimlock base *'''EF43''' – Remote-cutoff RF pentode, Rimlock base *'''[[EF50]]''', EF53 – Remote-cutoff pentode for use in the IF stages of 1940s TV and radar receivers, B9G 9-pin Loctal base [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:EF50|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''EF51''' – Remote-cutoff pentode, B8G Loctal base *'''EF52''' – Sharp-cutoff RF pentode; EF42 with a B8G Loctal base *'''EF54''' – Sharp-cutoff RF pentode, B9G 9-pin Loctal base *'''EF55''' – Sharp-cutoff RF/video pentode, B9G 9-pin Loctal base *'''EF70''' – Subminiature sharp-cutoff pentode, suppressor grid available on separate pigtail and internally connected to a separate diode to prevent positive grid voltage, for use as a [[NAND gate]] in [[coincidence circuit]]s; all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base *'''EF71/5899''' – Subminiature remote-cutoff pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base *'''EF72''' – Subminiature sharp-cutoff RF pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base *'''EF73''' – Subminiature sharp-cutoff pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base *'''EF74''' – Subminiature, low-[[microphonics]] pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base *'''EF80/6BX6''' = M-OV '''Z152''' – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF/Video pentode, Noval base; XF80/3BX6, 12BX6 or UF80/19BX6 with a different heater [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:EF80|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''EF81/6BH5''' – Remote-cutoff RF/IF/Video pentode, Noval base *'''EF83''' – Remote-cutoff AF pentode, Noval base [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:EF83|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''EF85/6BY7''' = M-OV '''W719''' – Remote-cutoff wideband RF pentode, Noval base; HF85 or XF85 with a different heater *{{anchor|EF86}}'''[[EF86]]/6BK8/6CF8''' = M-OV/GEC '''Z729''' (''6267'') – Sharp-cutoff AF pentode, also for use in ''[[Dynatron oscillator|Transitron]]'' circuits in TV receivers, Noval base; PF86 or UF86 with a different heater [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:EF86|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''EF89/6DA6''' – Remote-cutoff RF pentode, Noval base [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:EF89 (vacuum tube)|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''EF91/6AM6''' = M-OV '''Z77''' = '''8D3''' (''6064'', ''M8083'') – Sharp-cutoff pentode, Miniature 7-pin base *'''EF92/6CQ6''' (''M8161'') – Remote-cutoff RF pentode, Miniature 7-pin base *'''EF93/6BA6''' = M-OV '''W727''' – Remote-cutoff RF pentode, Miniature 7-pin base; HF93/12BA6 with a different heater *'''EF94/6AU6''' – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode, Miniature 7-pin base; HF94/12AU6 or XF94/3AU6 with a different heater *'''EF95/[[6AK5]]''' = '''6Ж1П''' (↦'''6J1P''') (''5654'', ''CV4010'', ''408A'') – VHF/RF/IF Sharp-cutoff pentode, Miniature 7-pin base [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:6AK5|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''EF96/6AG5''' = '''6Ж3П''' (↦'''6J3P''') – Sharp-cutoff RF pentode, Miniature 7-pin base *'''EF97/6ES6''' – Low (6.3-50 V) anode voltage, remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode, for use in vehicle equipment, Miniature 7-pin base *'''EF98/6ET6''' – Low (6.3-50 V) anode voltage, sharp-cutoff pentode, for use as oscillator or IF/AF amplifier in vehicle equipment, Miniature 7-pin base *'''EF111''' – Remote-cutoff pentode, Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''EF112''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode, Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''EF172''' – RF/IF/AF Pentode, ''gnome tube''; UF172 with a different heater *'''EF174''' – Pentode, ''gnome tube''; UF174 with a different heater *'''EF175''' – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode, ''gnome tube''; UF175 with a different heater *'''EF176''' – VHF Pentode, ''gnome tube'', prototype only; UF176 with a different heater *'''EF177''' – VHF Pentode, ''gnome tube'', prototype only; UF177 with a different heater *'''EF183/6EH7''' – [[Control grid|Frame-grid]], remote-cutoff IF pentode for use in TV receivers; LF183/YF183/4EH7 or XF183/3EH7 with a different heater{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/191/6/6EA8.pdf |title=RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC30: ''6EH7/EF183 Semiremote-cutoff pentode'' data sheet |publisher=[[RCA]], Harrison, New Jersey, USA |page=262 |access-date=5 October 2013}} [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:EF183 (vacuum tube)|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''EF184/6EJ7''' – Frame-grid, sharp-cutoff IF pentode for use in TV receivers; LF184/YF184/4EJ7 or XF184/3EJ7 with a different heater{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/191/6/6EA8.pdf |title=RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC30: ''6EJ7/EF184 Sharp-cutoff pentode'' data sheet |publisher=[[RCA]], Harrison, New Jersey, USA |page=263 |access-date=5 October 2013}} *'''EF190/6CB6''' – Remote-cutoff RF pentode for use in video IF circuits *'''EF410''' – RF/IF Pentode, Rimlock B8A base *'''EF730/5636''' – Subminiature dual-control, sharp-cutoff RF/IF pentode for use as a gated or gain-controlled amplifier, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base; similar to 5784 *'''EF731''' – Subminiature remote-cutoff RF pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base *'''EF732''' – Subminiature sharp-cutoff RF pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base *'''EF734''' – Subminiature sharp-cutoff RF pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base *'''EF762''' – Subminiature sharp-cutoff RF/IF pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base *'''EF800''' – Long-life sharp-cutoff RF/IF pentode *'''EF802''' – Long-life sharp-cutoff RF/IF pentode *'''EF804''' – Sharp-cutoff, low-[[Mains hum|hum]], low-[[microphonics]] AF pentode *'''EF804S''' – Ruggedized, long-life version of EF804 *'''EF805S''' – Long-life remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode *'''EF806S/6267''' – Ruggedized, long-life AF pentode *'''EF812''' – RF/IF Pentode[https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_ef812.html EF812 on radiomuseum.org] *'''EF814''' – RF/IF Pentode[https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_ef814.html EF814 on radiomuseum.org] *'''EF816''' – Dual-anode pentode for TV receiver sync separation service *'''{{Visible anchor|EF860}}''' – Long-life sharp-cutoff RF pentode for use as preamplifier in telecomms [[Long line (telecommunications)|wide-area]] receivers; IF860 with a 300 mA heater *'''EF861''' – Wideband pentode *'''EF866''' – AF pentode *'''EF905''' = E95F/6AK5W/5654 {{anchor|EF_SQ}}—''[[#MP_SQ|{{color|Green|Special quality}}]]'': *'''EF5000''' – [[Secondary emission#Special amplifying tubes|Secondary emission]] wide band pentode, Magnoval base *'''EF8010''' – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode *'''E1F/4672''' (954) – ''[[Acorn tube|Acorn]]'' UHF pentode *'''E2F/4695''' (956) – ''Acorn'' UHF pentode *'''E3F''' – E13F with a hand grip *'''E13F''' – ''Acorn'' remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF signal/power pentode for portable transceivers *'''E80F/6084''' – AF or [[electrometer]] pentode, gold-plated pins *'''E83F/6689''' – Long-life, wide band pentode for use in telephone equipment, gold-plated pins *'''E90F/6BH6/7693''' – RF Pentode *'''E95F/6AK5W/5654''' – VHF/RF/IF Sharp-cutoff pentode, Miniature 7-pin base *'''E99F/6BJ6/7694''' – Remote-cutoff RF pentode *'''E180F/6688''' – Wide band pentode, wideband amplifier for professional equipment *'''E186F/7737''' – Wide band pentode, wideband amplifier *'''E280F/7722''' – Wide band pentode, wideband amplifier *'''E282F''' – Pentode, wideband amplifier up to 250 MHz *'''E810F/7788''' – Wide band pentode, gold-plated pins ===='''EFF'''==== *'''EFF50''' – Dual VHF pentode, B9G 9-pin Loctal base[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/3/318.pdf EFF50 vademecum data] *'''EFF51''' – Dual VHF pentode up to 500 MHz, B9G 9-pin Loctal base ===='''EFL'''==== *'''EFL200/6Y9''' – Sync sep pentode + [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] cathode drive power pentode, Decal base; LFL200/11Y9 or PFL200/16Y9 with a different heater ===='''EFM'''==== *'''EFM1''' – [[Control grid#Grid variations|Variable-mu]] AF pentode + top-view, "Magic Eye"-type [[Magic eye tube|tuning indicator]], side-contact 8 base; beam control rods internally tied to the floating screen grid on a weak pullup resistor so its DC voltage mirrors the [[Automatic gain control#AM radio receivers|gain-control voltage]] fed to the control grid together with the audio signal to be amplified *'''EFM11''' – Variable-mu AF pentode + top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, Y8A ''steel tube'' base; beam control rods internally tied to the floating screen grid ===='''EFP'''==== *'''EFP60''' – [[Secondary emission#Special amplifying tubes|Secondary emission]] wide band pentode for TV amplifiers, B9G 9-pin Loctal base ===='''EH'''==== *'''EH1''' – Remote-cutoff hexode [[pentagrid converter]], side-contact 8 base with control grid 1 on top cap, separate oscillator *'''EH2''' – Remote-cutoff heptode pentagrid converter, side-contact 8 base with grid 4 on top cap, separate oscillator *'''EH81''' – Heptode *'''EH90/6CS6''' – Dual-control heptode for use in TV receivers *'''EH171''' – Sharp-cutoff heptode, ''gnome tube'', prototype only *'''EH860''' – Heptode *'''EH900S/5915''' – Dual-control switching heptode, designed for high speed digital computers, no [[Hot cathode#Failure modes|cathode interface/poisoning]] after prolonged periods in [[Cut-off (electronics)|cut-off]] {{anchor|EH_SQ}}—''[[#MP_SQ|{{color|Green|Special quality}}]]'': *'''E81H''' – Heptode *'''E91H/6687''' – Dual-control heptode with a [[Passivation (chemistry)|passivated]] third grid to reduce [[Secondary emission#Undesirable effects - the tetrode|secondary emission]], for use as a [[NAND gate]] in a [[coincidence circuit]] ===='''EK'''==== *'''EK1''' – Octode [[pentagrid converter]], side-contact 8 base with grid 4 on top cap *'''EK2''' – Remote-cutoff octode pentagrid converter; EK32 with a side-contact 8 base with grid 4 on top cap, similar to AK2 *'''EK3''' – Remote-cutoff beam octode pentagrid converter, side-contact 8 base with grid 4 on top cap; similar to AK2; CK3 with a different heater *'''EK32''' – Octode pentagrid converter; EK2 with an Octal base *'''EK90/6BE6''' – Heptode pentagrid converter; HK90/12BE6 with a different heater ===='''EL'''==== *'''EL1''' – Power pentode, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap *'''EL2''' – Power pentode; EL32 with a side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap *'''EL3''', '''EL3N''' – Power pentode; EL11 or EL33 with a side-contact 8 base :*'''EL3G''' (6V6) – EL3 with an Octal base *'''{{Visible anchor|EL5}}''' – Power pentode; AL5 with a different heater; EL35 with a side-contact 8 base *'''EL6''' – Power pentode; EL12 with a side-contact 8 base *'''EL8''' – Power pentode; EL13 with a side-contact 8 base *'''EL11''' – Power pentode; EL3 or EL33 with a Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''EL12''' – Power pentode; EL6 with a Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''EL13''' – Power pentode; EL8 with a Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''EL20''' – Power pentode, B8G Loctal base[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/2/216.pdf EL20/22 vademecum data] *'''EL21''' – Power pentode, B8G Loctal base;[https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_el21.html EL21 on radiomuseum.org] related to UL21/UL71; not related to EL71/5902 *'''EL22''' – Power pentode, B8G Loctal base *'''EL30''' – Power pentode, Octal base[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/2/212.pdf EL30 vademecum data] *'''EL31''' – Power pentode, Octal base, very similar to EL38/6CN6 *'''EL32''' – Power pentode; EL2 with an Octal base *'''EL33''' (6AG6G, 6M6G) – Power pentode; EL3 or EL11 with an Octal base *'''[[EL34]]/6CA7''' – Power pentode, Octal base [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:EL34|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''EL35''' – Power pentode; EL5 with an Octal base *'''EL36/6CM5''' – AF or CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode; EL12 with an Octal base; XL36/13CM5 with a different heater *'''EL37''' ([[6L6]]) – Power pentode, Octal base [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:6L6|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''EL38/6CN6''' – Power pentode, Octal base; PL38 with a different heater *'''EL39''' – Power pentode, Octal base[https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_el39.html EL39 on radiomuseum.org] *'''EL41/6CK5''' = M-OV '''N150''' – 3.9 W AF power pentode; EL80 with a Rimlock base *'''EL42''' = M-OV '''N151''' – Power pentode; EL85 with a Rimlock base *'''EL43''' – Power pentode, Rimlock base[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/2/218.pdf EL43 vademecum data] *'''EL44''' – Power pentode, Rimlock base; UL44 with a different heater *'''EL50/4654''' – 80 W Power pentode, side-contact 8 base with anode on top cap *'''EL51''' – 140 W Power pentode, side-contact 8 base with anode on top cap *'''EL53''' – Power pentode, side-contact 8 base[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/2/215.pdf EL53 vademecum data] *'''EL54''' – Power pentode, side-contact 8 base[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/2/225.pdf EL54 vademecum data] *'''EL60''' – Power pentode; EL34 with a B9G 9-pin Loctal base *'''EL61''' – Power pentode, B9G 9-pin Loctal base *'''EL70''' – Subminiature power pentode, round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base *'''EL71/5902''' – Subminiature 4 W AF power pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base *'''EL80/6M5''' – 3.9 W AF power pentode; EL41 with a Noval base *'''EL81/6CJ6''' – [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] horizontal deflection or stabilized power supply series regulator pentode[https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/129/e/EL81.pdf EL81 data sheet] *'''EL82/6DY5''' – CRT vertical deflection or AF power pentode *'''EL83/6CK6''' – CRT cathode drive power pentode *'''[[EL84]]/6BQ5''' = M-OV '''N709''' – 6 W AF power pentode [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:EL84|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''EL85/6BN5''' – 6 W RF/AF power pentode up to 120 MHz, for use in mobile equipment; EL42 with a Noval base *'''EL86/6CW5''' – 5.3 W AF or CRT vertical deflection output power pentode; LL86/10CW5, PL84/15CW5[https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/020/p/PL84.pdf PL84 data sheet]{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/191/6/6CS6.pdf |title=RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC26: ''6CW5/EL86 power pentode'' data sheet |publisher=[[RCA]], Harrison, New Jersey, USA |page=236 |access-date=5 October 2013}} or XL86/8CW5 with a different heater [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:EL86|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''EL90/[[6AQ5]]''' = M-OV '''N727''' (6005) – 4.5 W AF power pentode [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:EL90|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''EL91/6AM5''' (''M8082'') – 4 W AF power pentode *'''EL95/6DL5''' – 3 W AF power pentode *'''EL112''' – Radiation-cooled power pentode for 85W SW/VHF service, or for AF amplifiers; EL152 or EL401 with a Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''EL136/6FV5''' – Horizontal-output power pentode for 110° deflection color TV, Octal base *'''EL151''' – 60-Watts AF power pentode, Y10A ''steel tube'' 10-pin base *'''{{Visible anchor|EL152}}''' – Radiation-cooled power pentode for 85W SW/VHF service, or for AF amplifiers; EL112 or EL401 with a B10V glass 10-pin base with one big pin for the anode; FL152 with a different heater *'''EL153''' – Radiation-cooled power pentode for 70W SW/VHF service, B10V glass 10-pin base with one big pin for the anode *'''EL156''' – 50-Watts AF power pentode, Y10A ''steel tube'' 10-pin base *'''EL171''' – 4-Watts Power pentode, ''gnome tube''; UL171 with a different heater *'''EL172''' – 8-Watts Power pentode, ''gnome tube'' *'''EL173''' – Power pentode, ''gnome tube'', prototype only for TV receivers *'''[[12BV7|EL180/12BY7]]''' – CRT cathode drive power pentode *'''EL183''' – CRT cathode drive power pentode *'''EL300/6FN5''' – CRT horizontal deflection power pentode, Octal base; PL300/35FN5 with a different heater *'''EL360''' – Power pentode for use in [[Radar display|radar scanning]], series regulators and pulse modulators, Octal base *'''EL401''' – Radiation-cooled power pentode for 85W SW/VHF service, or for AF amplifiers; EL112 or EL152 with a B8G Loctal base *'''EL500/6GB5''' – CRT horizontal deflection output beam power pentode, Magnoval base; LL500/18GB5, PL500/27GB5 or XL500/13GB5 with a different heater *'''EL502''' – CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode, Magnoval base *'''EL503/8278''' – AF power pentode, Magnoval base *'''EL504''' – CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode, Magnoval base; PL504 with a different heater *'''EL505/6KG6''' – CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode for color TV, Magnoval base; PL505/40KG6 with a different heater *'''EL508/6KW6''' – CRT vertical deflection output power pentode for color TV, Magnoval base; PL508/17KW6 with a different heater *'''EL509/6KG6A''' – EL505/6KG6 with an increased max. anode dissipation, Magnoval base; PL509/40KG6A with a different heater *'''EL511''' – CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode, Magnoval base *'''EL519''' – CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode, Magnoval base; PL519 with a different heater *'''EL802/6LD6''' – CRT cathode drive power pentode for color TV, Noval base; PL802 with a different heater *'''EL803''' – Wide band power pentode *'''EL804''' – Wide band power pentode *'''EL805''' – CRT vertical deflection output power pentode; PL805 with a different heater *'''EL806''' – CRT cathode drive power pentode *'''EL820''' – Power pentode[https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_el820.html EL820 on radiomuseum.org] *'''EL821/6CH6''' (''6132'') – CRT cathode drive power pentode for use in [[Analog high-definition television system|high definition television]] equipment *'''EL822''' – CRT cathode drive power pentode *'''EL844''' – 9 W RF power pentode *'''{{Visible anchor|EL861}}''' – Long-life 1 W RF power pentode for use as output amplifier in telecomms [[Long line (telecommunications)|wide-area]] transmitters; IL861 with a different heater *'''EL862''' – Power pentode *'''EL863''' – Power pentode {{anchor|EL_SQ}}—''[[#MP_SQ|{{color|Green|Special quality}}]]'': *'''EL3010''' – 16.5 W Linear power pentode, Octal base *'''EL5000''' – AF power pentode, Magnoval base *'''EL5070/8608''' – Wideband video power pentode, Magnoval base *'''EL8000''' – Power pentode, Noval base *'''E55L/8233''' – Wide-band power pentode for use as CRT vertical deflection electrode driver in [[oscilloscope]]s, Magnoval base *'''E80L/6227'''[[File:E80L pentode.jpg|100 px|thumb|right|E80L]] – 2.8 W AF power pentode, Noval base with gold-plated pins *'''E81L/6686''' – Long-life 1 W power pentode for use in telephone equipment, Noval base with gold-plated pins (No relationship to EL81) *'''E84L/7320''' – 6 W Power pentode for use in AF amplifiers and stabilized power supplies, Noval base *'''E130L/7534''' – Wide band power pentode, Octal base *'''E235L/7751''' – Wide band power pentode, Octal base *'''E236L''' – Wide band power pentode, Octal base ===='''ELL'''==== *'''ELL1''' – Dual power pentode, side-contact 8 base *'''ELL80/6HU8''' – Dual AF power pentode, Noval base; PLL80/12HU8 with a different heater ===='''EM'''==== *'''EM1''' (''4678'') – Top-view, "Magic Eye"-type [[Magic eye tube|tuning indicator]], side-contact 8 base *'''EM2''' – Top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, side-contact 8 base; AM2 with a 6.3 V/200 mA heater, therefore marketed as '''C/EM2''' *'''EM3''' – Top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, side-contact 8 base[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/5/502.pdf EM3 vademecum data] *'''EM4''' – Dual-sensitivity, top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator; EM34 with a side-contact 8 base [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:EM4 (vacuum tube)|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''EM5''' – Dual-sensitivity, top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, EM11 or EM35 with a side-contact 8 base *'''EM11''' – Dual-sensitivity, top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator; EM5 or EM35 with a Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''EM31''' – Top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, Octal base[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/5/501.pdf EM31 vademecum data] *'''EM34/6CD7''' – Dual-sensitivity, top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator; EM4 with an Octal base [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:EM34 (vacuum tube)|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''EM35''' – Dual-sensitivity, top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator; EM5 or EM11 with an Octal base :'''Note:''' Telefunken EM35s appear to have a different pin-out than examples from other manufacturers[https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_em35.html EM35 on radiomuseum.org] *'''EM71''' – Top-view, fan-type tuning indicator with an unusual offset cathode,[https://frank.pocnet.net/images/Lor/e/EM71_LOR_HM.jpg EM71 illustration] B8G 8-pin Loctal base; HM71 with a different heater *'''EM72''' – EM71 with two segments of the fluorescent screen uncoated with [[phosphor]], intended for indicating low and peak levels but not average level, useless for tuning but intended for recording level indication *'''EM80/6BR5''' – Side-view, fan-type tuning indicator for AM receivers, Noval B9A base *'''EM81/6DA5''' – EM80/6BR5 with 25% greater sensitivity *'''EM83''' – Side-view, "Magic Balance" band-type dual-channel tuning/level indicator, two DC amplifier triodes and one electron gun for two separate screen anodes, Noval B9A base, mainly for stereo use in tape recorders [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:EM83 (vacuum tube)|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''EM84/6DH7/6FG6''' – Side-view, band-type tuning/level indicator, Noval B9A base [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:EM84 (vacuum tube)|class=noviewer|alt=]] :*'''EM84a''' – Improved EM84 with twice the sensitivity{{cite web |url=http://www.jogis-roehrenbude.de/Roehren-Geschichtliches/Mag_Augen/Baender/EM84a.pdf |title=EM84a Data sheet |publisher=[[C. Lorenz AG|Lorenz]] |language=de |access-date=9 April 2019}} *'''EM85''' – Side-view, fan-type tuning indicator; HM85 or UM85 with a different heater :*'''EM85E''' – Band-type [[drop-in replacement]] for EM85{{cite web |url=http://www.jogis-roehrenbude.de/Roehren-Geschichtliches/Mag_Augen/Baender/EM85E.htm |title=EM85E on Jogis-Roehrenbude.de |language=de |access-date=9 April 2019}} *'''EM87/6HU6''' (''CV10407'') – Side-view, band-type tuning/level indicator, Noval B9A base *'''EM171''' – Dual-sensitivity, top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, ''gnome tube'';[https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_em171.html EM171 on radiomuseum.org] UM171 with a different heater *'''EM800''' – Side-view, bar graph-type tuning/level indicator, Noval B9A base *'''EM840''' – Side-view, band-type tuning/level indicator, Noval B9A base {{anchor|EM_SQ}}—''[[#MP_SQ|{{color|Green|Special quality}}]]'': *'''E82M''' – Side-view, rectangle-type dual-channel level indicator, two DC amplifier triodes control separate deflection rods before a 17 × 20 mm screen anode, Noval B9A base ===='''EMM'''==== *'''EMM801''' – Side-view, dual, band-type indicator with brightness control, for voltage comparison, Noval B9A base *'''EMM803''' – Side-view, dual, band-type tuning indicator for [[FM broadcasting#Stereo FM|FM-stereo]] receivers (field strength, [[Pilot signal|19kHz pilot]] present), Noval B9A base ===='''EN'''==== *'''EN31''' – 10 mAavg, 750 mApeak, Helium-filled, indirectly heated triode thyratron for high-frequency timebases and control equipment, Octal base with anode cap *'''EN32/6574''' – 300 mAavg, 2 Apeak, 10 Asurge, Gas-filled, indirectly heated tetrode thyratron with negative control characteristic; for industrial control applications, Octal base *'''EN70''' – 20 mAavg, 100 mApeak, Subminiature, gas-filled, indirectly heated tetrode thyratron with negative control characteristic, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base *'''{{Visible anchor|EN91}}/[[#2D21|{{color|Green|2D21}}]]''' (''PL21'', ''PL2D21'', ''CV797'') – 100 mAavg, 500 mApeak, 10 Asurge, Gas-filled, indirectly heated tetrode thyratron, negative starter voltage, Miniature 7-pin base, for relay and grid-controlled rectifier service *'''EN92''' (5696) – 25 mAavg, 100 mApeak, 2 Asurge, Gas-filled, indirectly heated tetrode thyratron, negative starter voltage, Miniature 7-pin base, for industrial control ===='''EQ'''==== *'''EQ40''' – [[Nonode]] for [[Detector (radio)#Quadrature detector|FM quadrature detection]], Rimlock base *'''EQ80/6BE7''' – Nonode for FM quadrature detection or as phase detector in TV flywheel sync circuits{{cite web |url=http://www.4tubes.com/1-DATASHEETS/CATALOGS/Jager%201953%20Data%20and%20Circuits%20of%20TV%20Receiving%20Valves.pdf |author=Jager, J. |title=Data and circuits of TV receiver valves, Philips technical library Book IIIC |year=1953 |access-date=26 Dec 2014}} *'''EQ171''' – Nonode, ''gnome tube'', prototype only; UQ171 with a different heater ===='''ES'''==== *'''{{Visible anchor|ES111}}''' – ''TV sync oscillator'' ({{lang-de|[[Wiktionary:kippen#German|Kipp]]-Pentode}}), a special power [[relaxation oscillator]] pentode, an attempt to cut costs on [[Einheitsempfänger|TV receiver]] production; one ES111 each were needed for vertical and horizontal deflection; the output power for the deflection yoke was extracted not from the anode, but from the screen grid, the sync pulses were applied to the suppressor grid via a separate pin. The anode acted only as a small-signal amplified/gated-sync output which was added to the feedback from an auxiliary winding on the deflection yoke, and fed to the [[control grid]]. As there was no vertical deflection output transformer, a secondary, magnetically decoupled vertical deflection yoke received a variable, smoothed-out part of the screen grid current to compensate for its DC component in the primary vertical deflection yoke; it was variable to adjust the vertical picture position on the [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] screen. The screen grid delivered enough power even for an [[High voltage|EHT]] winding on the horizontal deflection output transformer and for the 6.3V/0.2A heater of an RFG5 16-kV EHT rectifier.{{cite book |author1=Günther, Hanns |author1-link=:de:Hanns Günther |author2=Richter, Ing. Heinz |author2-link=:de:Heinz Richter (Ingenieur) |title=Fortschritte der Funktechnik |volume=5 |language=de |publisher=[[Kosmos (publisher)|Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, W. Keller & Co.]] |location=Stuttgart, Germany |year=1940}}{{cite web |url=https://www.cdvandt.org/ES111-Ablenkroehre.pdf |author1=Scheel, J. E. |author2=Urtel, Rudolf |author2-link=:de:Rudolf Urtel |series=Die Telefunken-Röhre |title=Issue 21/22, ''Die Ablenkendstufe des Fernseh-Gemeinschaftsempfängers E1'' |pages=177ff |language=de |publisher=[[Telefunken]] |date=August 1941 |access-date=17 April 2015}}{{cite web |url=http://www.hts-homepage.de/DStahl/DSES111.html |title=Telefunken ES 111 |language=de |access-date=1 January 2014}}{{cite web |url=http://bs.cyty.com/menschen/e-etzold/archiv/TV/telefunken/img/e-1.jpg |title=''Einheits-Fernseh-Empfänger'' circuit diagram |language=de |access-date=11 September 2015}} Y8A ''steel tube'' base with 2 unused pins, screen grid on top cap; compare '''US111''' ===='''ET'''==== *'''ET51''' – ''[[Trochotron]]'', an electron-beam decade counter tube {{anchor|ET_SQ}}—''[[#MP_SQ|{{color|Green|Special quality}}]]'': *'''E1T/6370''' – ''Trochotron'' with side-viewing, fluorescent-screen readout, Duodecal (12-pin) base *'''E80T/6218''' (CV5724) – Modulated, single-anode [[beam deflection tube]] for pulse generation up to 375 MHz, Noval base; shock resistant up to 500 [[g-force|g]] ===='''EW'''==== *'''EW60''' – 700 V[[Peak inverse voltage|PIV]], 400 mA, Gas-filled, half-wave rectifier, 9-pin Loctal base with 2 unused pins ===='''EY'''==== *'''EY1''' – CRT EHT rectifier; EY51 with a B4B 4-pin subminiature hearing aid base with anode on top cap *'''EY51/6X2''' – CRT EHT rectifier, pigtailed version of EY1 *'''EY70''' – 850 V half-wave rectifier, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base *'''{{Visible anchor|EY80}}/6U3''' – CRT horizontal deflection output booster diode, Noval base; PY80 with a different heater *'''EY81/6R3''' – CRT horizontal deflection output booster diode *'''{{Visible anchor|EY82}}/6N3''' – Half-wave rectifier; PY82/19Y3 with a different heater *'''EY83''' – CRT horizontal deflection output booster diode; PY83 with a different heater *'''EY84/6374''' – Half-wave rectifier for [[Avionics|operation at high altitudes]] *'''EY86/6S2''' – CRT EHT rectifier, anode on top cap; [[#DY86|{{color|Green|DY86}}]]/1S2 or GY86 with a different heater *'''EY87/6S2A''' – [[#DY87|{{color|Green|DY87}}]]/1S2A with a different heater; EY86 with a [[Silicone rubber|silicone]]-coated envelope to avoid [[Electrical breakdown|flush-over]] in high-humidity and low atmospheric-pressure conditions *'''EY88/6AL3''' – CRT horizontal deflection output booster diode; LY88/20AQ3, PY88/30AE3 or XY88/16AQ3 with a different heater *'''EY91''' – Half-wave rectifier, Miniature 7-pin base *'''EY189/6AL3''' – Half-wave rectifier, Noval base *'''EY500A/6EC4A''' – [[#PY500|{{color|Green|PY500}}]]A with a different heater *'''EY802''' – CRT EHT rectifier, silicone-coated envelope, Noval base with anode on top cap; [[#DY802|{{color|Green|DY802}}]]/1BQ2 or GY802 with a different heater {{anchor|EY_SQ}}—''[[#MP_SQ|{{color|Green|Special quality}}]]'': *'''EY3000''' – 800 V, 750 mA Half-wave rectifier, side-contact 8 base with anode on top cap ===='''EYY'''==== *'''EYY13''' – Dual power diode, separate cathodes, Y8A ''steel tube'' base ===='''EZ'''==== *'''EZ1''' – 250 V, 50 mA Full-wave rectifier for 6V [[Vehicle audio|car radios]], side-contact 8 base; FZ1 with a different heater *'''EZ2''' – Full-wave rectifier, side-contact 8 base *'''EZ3''' – Full-wave rectifier, side-contact 8 base *'''EZ4''' – Full-wave rectifier, side-contact 8 base *'''EZ11''' – Full-wave rectifier for vehicle equipment, Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''EZ12''' – Full-wave rectifier, Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''EZ22''' – Full-wave rectifier, B8G Loctal base *'''EZ30/6CF4''' – Full-wave rectifier, Octal base *'''EZ35/6X5''' – Full-wave rectifier, Octal base *'''EZ40/6BT4''' – Full-wave rectifier, Rimlock base; GZ40 with a different heater *'''EZ41''' – Full-wave rectifier, Rimlock base *'''EZ80/6V4''' – Full-wave rectifier, Noval base *'''EZ81/6CA4''' – Full-wave rectifier [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:EZ81 (vacuum tube)|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''EZ90/6X4''' – Full-wave rectifier, Miniature 7-pin base; HZ90/12X4 with a different heater *'''EZ91/6AV4''' – Full-wave rectifier, Miniature 7-pin base *'''EZ150''' – Full-wave rectifier, separate cathodes, Y10A ''steel tube'' 10-pin base *'''EZ900/6063''' – Full-wave rectifier, Miniature 7-pin base[https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_ez900.html EZ900 on radiomuseum.org] {{anchor|EZ_SQ}}—''[[#MP_SQ|{{color|Green|Special quality}}]]'': *'''E90Z/6063''' – Full-wave rectifier, Miniature 7-pin base ==='''F''' - 12.6 V heater=== ===='''FDD'''==== *'''FDD20''' – Common cathode dual power triode, 12.6 V/350 mA heater, side-contact 8 base - available with two different pinouts;[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/052/3/372.pdf FDD20 vademecum data], [http://www.jogis-roehrenbude.de/Roehren-Geschichtliches/Trioden/FDD20/FDD20_Sockel_Codex_1.gif pinouts] similar to 53, 6A6, 6N7G ===='''FL'''==== *'''FL152''' – [[#EL152|{{color|Green|EL152}}]] with a different heater ===='''FZ'''==== *'''FZ1''' – 250 V, 50 mA Full-wave rectifier for 12V [[Vehicle audio|car radios]], side-contact 8 base; EZ1 with a different heater ==='''G''' - 5.0 V heater or misc.=== ===='''GA'''==== *'''GA560''' – Directly heated, [[Thermionic emission|thermally-limited (=''saturated'') emission]], vacuum [[Noise generator|noise diode]], 2.5 to 3,5 V/1.9 to 2.2 A uncoated, thorium-free tungsten filament, all-glass, 3-pin base ===='''GY'''==== *'''GY11''' – Half-wave rectifier, 2.5 V/5 A heater, Y8A ''steel tube'' base with anode on top cap *'''GY86''' – [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] [[High voltage|EHT]] rectifier, Noval base with anode on top cap; [[#DY86|{{color|Green|DY86}}]]/1S2 or EY86/6S2 with a 2.6 V/300 mA heater *'''GY501/3BH2''' – CRT EHT rectifier for color TV, 3.15 V/400 mA heater, Magnoval base with anode on top cap *'''GY802''' – CRT EHT rectifier, [[Silicone rubber|silicone]]-coated envelope to avoid [[Electrical breakdown|flush-over]] in high-humidity and low atmospheric-pressure conditions, Noval base with anode on top cap; [[#DY802|{{color|Green|DY802}}]]/1BQ2 or EY802 with a 2.6 V/310 mA heater ===='''GZ'''==== These tubes all have a 5.0 V heater *'''GZ30/5Z4-G''' – Full-wave rectifier, Octal base *'''GZ32/5V4/5AQ4''' – Full-wave rectifier, Octal base *'''GZ33''' – Full-wave rectifier, Octal base *'''GZ34/5AR4''' – Full-wave rectifier, Octal base *'''GZ37''' – Full-wave rectifier, Octal base *'''GZ40''' – Full-wave rectifier, Rimlock base; EZ40 with a different heater *'''GZ41''' – Full-wave rectifier, Rimlock base ==='''H''' - 150 mA heater=== ===='''HAA'''==== *'''HAA91/12AL5''' – Dual diode with separate cathodes, Miniature 7-pin base; EAA91/6AL5, UAA91 or XAA91/3AL5 with a different heater ===='''HABC'''==== *'''HABC80/19T8''' – [[Control grid#Effects of grid position|High-mu]] triode + triple diode (two on common cathode with triode, one with independent cathode), Noval base, used as an AF amplifier, AM detector and FM ratio detector in series-heated post-war AM/FM radios; 5T8, [[#6T8|{{color|Green|6T8}}]], [[#EABC80|{{color|Green|EABC80}}]]/[[#6AK8|{{color|Green|6AK8}}]], PABC80/9AK8 or UABC80/27AK8 with a different heater ===='''HBC'''==== *'''HBC90/12AT6''' – High-mu triode + common cathode dual diode, Miniature 7-pin base; EBC90/6AT6 with a different heater *'''HBC91/12AV6''' – High-mu AF triode + common cathode dual diode, for use in FM ratio detectors, Miniature 7-pin base; EBC91/6AV6 with a different heater ===='''HCC'''==== *'''HCC85/17EW8''' – Dual triode for use as VHF mixer up to 200 MHz, Noval base; ECC85/6AQ8, PCC85/9AQ8 or UCC85 with a different heater ===='''HCH'''==== *'''HCH81/12AJ7''' – Triode/remote-cutoff heptode mixer, Noval base; UCH81/19D8 with a different heater ===='''HF'''==== *'''HF85''' – Remote-cutoff wideband RF pentode, Noval base; EF85/6BY7 or XF85 with a different heater *'''HF93/12BA6''' – Remote-cutoff pentode, Miniature 7-pin base; EF93/6BA6 with a different heater *'''HF94/12AU6''' – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode, Miniature 7-pin base; EF94/6AU6 or XF94/3AU6 with a different heater ===='''HK'''==== *'''HK90/12BE6''' – Heptode [[pentagrid converter]], Miniature 7-pin; EK90/6BE6 with a different heater ===='''HL'''==== *'''HL84''' – AF power pentode, Noval base; UL84 with a different heater *'''HL90/12AQ5''' – AF power pentode, Miniature 7-pin; EL90 with a different heater *'''HL92/50C5''' – AF beam power pentode, Miniature 7-pin *'''HL94/30A5''' – AF power pentode, Miniature 7-pin ===='''HM'''==== *'''HM34''' – Dual-sensitivity, top-view, "Magic Eye"-type [[Magic eye tube|tuning indicator]]; EM34 with different heater ratings; UM4 with different base and heater ratings *'''HM71''' – Top-view, fan-type tuning indicator, B8G Loctal base; EM71 with a different heater *'''HM85''' – Side-view, fan-type tuning indicator, Noval base; EM85 or UM85 with a different heater ===='''HY'''==== *'''HY90/35W4''' – Half-wave rectifier, Miniature 7-pin ===='''HZ'''==== *'''HZ90/12X4''' – Full-wave rectifier, Miniature 7-pin base; EZ90/6X4 with a different heater ==='''I''' - 20 V heater=== ===='''IF'''==== *'''IF860''' – Long-life sharp-cutoff RF pentode for use as preamplifier in telecomms [[Long line (telecommunications)|wide-area]] receivers; [[#EF860|{{color|Green|EF860}}]] with a 95 mA heater ===='''IL'''==== *'''IL861''' – Long-life RF power pentode for use as output amplifier in telecomms [[Long line (telecommunications)|wide-area]] transmitters; [[#EL861|{{color|Green|EL861}}]] with a 120 mA heater ==='''K''' - 2.0 V heater=== ===='''KA'''==== *'''KA560''' (6357) – Gas-filled, directly heated [[Noise generator|noise diode]] for the [[S band|10 cm band]], [[waveguide]] output, [[Bayonet mount|BA15d lamp base]] with anode top cap *'''KA561''' (6356) – Gas-filled, directly heated noise diode for the 7.5 cm band, waveguide output, BA15d lamp base with anode top cap *'''KA562''' (6358) – Gas-filled, directly heated noise diode for the [[X band|3 cm band]], waveguide output, BA15d lamp base with anode top cap *'''KA563''' (6359) – Gas-filled, directly heated noise diode for the [[K band (IEEE)|1.25 cm band]], waveguide output, BA15d lamp base with anode top cap *'''K50A''' (6358) – Neon-filled, directly heated noise diode for the 3 cm band, waveguide output, BA15d lamp base with anode top cap *'''K51A''' – Neon-filled, directly heated noise diode for the 10 cm band, waveguide output, BA15d lamp base with anode top cap *'''K81A''' – Directly heated, [[Thermionic emission|thermally-limited (=''saturated'') emission]], vacuum VHF noise diode, 2.5 Amax uncoated tungsten filament, Noval base ===='''KB'''==== *'''KB1''' – Directly heated dual diode with common cathode, poor performance as an AM detector lead to the introduction of the KB2; see [[#Heater or filament ratings|{{color|Green|introduction}}]] *'''KB2''' – Indirectly heated dual diode with common cathode, side-contact 5 base ===='''KBC'''==== *'''KBC1''' – Dual diode + triode, side-contact 8 base with triode grid on top cap *'''KBC32''' – Dual diode + triode, Octal base ===='''KC'''==== *'''KC1''' – Triode, side-contact 8 base *'''KC3''' – Triode, side-contact 8 base *'''KC4''' – Triode, side-contact 8 base *'''KC50''' – Triode for use in [[hearing aid]]s, 4-pin base;[https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_kc50.html KC50 on radiomuseum.org] cf. Marconi-Osram H11, H12, Mullard DA1 *'''KC51''' – Triode, 4-pin base;[https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_kc51.html KC51 on radiomuseum.org] cf. DC51 ===='''KCF'''==== *'''KCF30''' – Triode + remote-cutoff pentode, oscillator/mixer, Octal base with control grid on top cap ===='''KCH'''==== *'''KCH1''' – [[Pentagrid converter#Hexode|Triode/hexode mixer]], side-contact 8 base with hexode control grid 1 on top cap ===='''KD'''==== *'''KD50''' – Power triode for use in hearing aids, 4-pin base;[https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_kd50.html KD50 on radiomuseum.org] cf. DD51, Marconi-Osram L11, L12, Mullard DA2, DA3 ===='''KDD'''==== *'''KDD1''' – 1.5 W Dual power triode, side-contact 8 base ===='''KE'''==== *'''KE50''' – Tetrode for use in hearing aids, 4-pin base with anode on top cap;[https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_ke50.html KE50 on radiomuseum.org] cf. DF51, Marconi-Osram S12, Mullard DAS1 ===='''KF'''==== *'''KF1''' – RF/IF Pentode, European 7-pin base with anode on top cap *'''KF2''' – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode, European 7-pin base with anode on top cap *'''KF3''' – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap *'''KF4''' – RF/IF Pentode, side-contact 8 base with control grid on top cap *'''KF7''' – RF/IF Pentode, side-contact 8 base with anode on top cap *'''KF8''' – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode, side-contact 8 base with anode on top cap *'''KF35''' – Remote-cutoff RF pentode, Octal base with control grid on top cap ===='''KH'''==== *'''KH1''' – Hexode [[pentagrid converter]], side-contact 8 base with grid 1 on top cap ===='''KK'''==== *'''KK1''' – Octode pentagrid converter, side-contact 8 base with grid 4 on top cap[https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_kk1.html KK1 on radiomuseum.org] *'''KK2''' – Remote-cutoff octode pentagrid converter; KK32 with a side-contact 8 base with grid 4 on top cap *'''KK32''' – Octode pentagrid converter; KK2 with an Octal base ===='''KL'''==== *'''KL1''' – Power pentode, O5A European 5-pin base *'''KL2''' – Power pentode, side-contact 8 base *'''KL4''' – Power pentode, side-contact 8 base *'''KL5''' – Power pentode, side-contact 8 base *'''KL35''' – 340 mW Power pentode, Octal base ===='''KLL'''==== *'''KLL3''' – Dual power pentode, side-contact 8 base[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/054/3/320.pdf KLL3 vademecum data] *'''KLL32''' – 1.2W Dual power pentode, Octal base ===='''KY'''==== *'''KY50/2L2''' = EdiSwan '''U25''' – [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] [[High voltage|EHT]] rectifier, all-glass pigtailed *'''KY80/2J2''' = EdiSwan '''U26''' – CRT EHT rectifier, Noval base ==='''L''' - 450 mA heater=== ===='''LC'''==== *'''LC900/3HA5''' – VHF triode; EC900/6HA5 or PC900/4HA5 with a different heater ===='''LCF'''==== *'''LCF80/6LN8''' – VHF oscillator/mixer triode/pentode; ECF80/6BL8, PCF80/9A8, UCF80 or XCF80/4BL8 with a different heater{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/191/6/6LC8.pdf |title=RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC26: ''6LN8/LCF80 Medium-mu triode - sharp-cutoff pentode'' data sheet |publisher=[[RCA]], Harrison, New Jersey, USA |page=368 |access-date=8 December 2013}} *'''LCF86/5HG8''' – VHF oscillator/mixer triode/pentode; ECF86/6HG8, PCF86/7HG8, 8HG8 or XCF86/4HG8 with a different heater{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/107/6/6HG8.pdf |title=''6HG8/ECF86 Color television type VHF oscillator and mixer'' data sheet |publisher=[[Sylvania Electric Products]] |access-date=8 December 2013}} *'''LCF201/5U9''' – Triode + pentode for use as IF amplifier and sync sep in TV receivers, Decal base; ECF201/6U9 or PCF201/8U9 with a different heater[[#RCARC|{{color|Green|RCA: ''Receiving Tube Manual RC25''}}]], p.363 *'''LCF801/5GJ7''' – Medium-mu triode + sharp-cutoff pentode for use as VHF mixer in TV receivers, Noval base; ECF801/6GJ7, PCF801/8GJ7 or XCF801/4GJ7 with a different heater{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/191/6/6GB5.pdf |title=RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC30: ''6GJ7/ECF801 Medium-mu triode - Sharp-cutoff pentode'' data sheet |publisher=[[RCA]], Harrison, New Jersey, USA |page=286 |access-date=8 December 2013}} *'''LCF802/6LX8''' – Medium-mu triode + sharp-cutoff pentode for use as reactance and sinewave oscillator in TV receivers, Noval base; ECF802/6JW8, PCF802/9JW8 or 5JW8 with a different heater{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/191/6/6JU8A.pdf |title=RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC30: ''6JW8/ECF802 Medium-mu triode - Sharp-cutoff pentode'' data sheet |publisher=[[RCA]], Harrison, New Jersey, USA |page=334 |access-date=8 December 2013}} ===='''LCL'''==== *'''LCL84/10DX8''' – High-mu TV sync sep triode + sharp-cutoff [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] cathode drive power pentode; ECL84/6DX8, PCL84/15DQ8 or XCL84/8DX8 with a different heater{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/191/6/6DX8.pdf |title=RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC30: ''6DX8/ECL84 High-mu triode - sharp-cutoff pentode'' data sheet |publisher=[[RCA]], Harrison, New Jersey, USA |page=257 |access-date=8 December 2013}} *'''LCL85/10GV8''' – Triode + power pentode used in TV receivers for vertical timebase, generally as a multivibrator, with the pentode section doubling as one half of the multivibrator and the power output device; ECL85/6GV8, PCL85/18GV8 or XCL85/9GV8 with a different heater{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/191/6/6GV8.pdf |title=RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC30: ''6GV8/ECL85 High-mu triode - power pentode'' data sheet |publisher=[[RCA]], Harrison, New Jersey, USA |page=295 |access-date=8 December 2013}} ===='''LF'''==== *'''LF183/YF183/4EH7''' – Frame-grid, remote-cutoff IF pentode for use in TV receivers; EF183/6EH7 or XF183/3EH7 with a different heater{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/035/4/4EH7.pdf |title=''4EH7/YF183'' data sheet |publisher=[[Amperex Electronic|Amperex Electronic Corporation]], Brooklyn, New York, NY, USA |date=June 1960 |access-date=5 October 2013}} *'''LF184/YF184/4EJ7''' – Frame-grid, sharp-cutoff IF pentode for use in TV receivers; EF184/6EJ7 or XF184/3EJ7 with a different heater{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/035/4/4EJ7.pdf |title=''4EJ7/YF184'' data sheet |publisher=[[Amperex Electronic|Amperex Electronic Corporation]], Brooklyn, New York, NY, USA |date=June 1960 |access-date=5 October 2013}} ===='''LFL'''==== *'''LFL200/11Y9''' – Sync sep pentode + [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] cathode drive power pentode, Decal base; EFL200/6Y9 or PFL200/16Y9 with a different heater[[#RCARC|{{color|Green|RCA: ''Receiving Tube Manual RC26''}}]], p.394 ===='''LL'''==== *'''LL86/10CW5''' – AF or CRT vertical deflection output power pentode; EL86/6CW5, PL84/15CW5 or XL86/8CW5 with a different heater *'''LL500/18GB5''' – CRT horizontal deflection beam power pentode, Magnoval base; EL500/6GB5, PL500/27GB5 or XL500/13GB5 with a different heater{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/191/6/6GB5.pdf |title=RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC30: ''6GB5/EL500 power pentode'' data sheet |publisher=[[RCA]], Harrison, New Jersey, USA |page=281 |access-date=6 October 2013}} ===='''LY'''==== *'''LY88/20AQ3''' – CRT horizontal deflection output booster diode; EY88/6AL3, PY88/30AE3 or XY88/16AQ3 with a different heater{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/191/1/16A8.pdf |title=RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC30: ''16AQ3/XY88 diode'' data sheet |publisher=[[RCA]], Harrison, New Jersey, USA |page=432 |access-date=8 December 2013}} ==='''M''' - 1.9 V heater=== '''Note:''' [[#MOMP|{{color|Green|Marconi}}]] preceded the M-P designation with the letter '''M''', as in MEBC3 for EBC3 ===='''MC'''==== *'''MC1''' = '''RL2T15''' – AF triode for use in [[audion]]s{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/043/m/MC1.pdf |title=''MC1 Triode für Niederfrequenz und Audion'' data sheet |language=de |publisher=[[Telefunken]] |access-date=4 January 2014}}{{cite web |url=http://www.4tubes.com/1-DATASHEETS/SCANS-Original/S-T-U/TFK-Catalog_Datasheet.pdf |title=''Telefunken catalogue'' |language=de |publisher=[[Telefunken]] |access-date=1 May 2017}}{{cite web |url=https://www.radiomuseum.org/forumdata/users/5100/Entwicklung_des_UKW_Teil6_Folge6_v11.pdf |author=Gerhard Bogner |title=Funkgeschichte 144: Entwicklung des UKW-Rundfunks, Teil 6: Zeitraum 1934 -1940, Folge 6: Spezial- und Wehrmachts-Röhren, UKW-Röhren (RadioHistory 144: Developing VHF radio, part 6: Period 1934-1940, subpart 6: Special and Wehrmacht tubes, FM tubes) |language=de |location=Neu-Ulm, Germany |year=2002}} ===='''MF'''==== *'''MF2''' = '''RV2P800''' – RF pentode{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/043/m/MF2.pdf |title=''MF2 HF-Pentode'' data sheet |language=de |publisher=[[Telefunken]] |access-date=4 January 2014}} *'''MF6''' = '''RV2P7''' – RF pentode{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/043/m/MF6.pdf |title=''MF6 HF-Pentode'' data sheet |language=de |publisher=[[Telefunken]] |access-date=4 January 2014}} ==='''N''' - 12.6 V heater=== ===='''ND'''==== *'''ND4''' – 600 MHz, 10 W VHF power triode{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/043/n/ND4.pdf |title=''ND4 UKW-Sende-Triode'' data sheet |language=de |publisher=[[Telefunken]] |access-date=4 January 2014}} ===='''NF'''==== *'''NF2''' – Sharp-cutoff RF pentode;{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/043/n/NF2.pdf |title=''NF2 HF-Pentode'' data sheet |language=de |publisher=[[Telefunken]] |access-date=4 January 2014}} AF7 or CF7 with a different heater; also produced by [[Japan Radio Company|JRC]] in the then-[[Axis powers|axis power of Japan]]{{cite web |url=https://radiomann.sakura.ne.jp/HomePageVT/Radio_tube_22.html#Tab2 |title=戦前の日本独自の特殊管 - 日本無線が作った特殊受信管 (Japan Oriented Special Tubes before WWII - Special Receiving Tubes manifactured by Japan Radio Corp.) |first1=Koji |last1=HAYASHI |first2=Ibaraki |last2=JAPAN |language=ja}} *'''NF3''' – Remote-cutoff RF pentode;{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/043/n/NF3.pdf |title=''NF3 HF-Regelpentode'' data sheet |language=de |publisher=[[Telefunken]] |access-date=4 January 2014}} CF2 with a different heater *'''NF4''' = '''RV12P4000''' – RF pentode{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/043/n/NF4.pdf |title=''NF4 HF-Pentode'' data sheet |language=de |publisher=[[Telefunken]] |access-date=4 January 2014}} *'''NF6''' = '''RV12P2000''' – RF pentode[https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_nf6.html NF6 on radiomuseum.org] also produced by JRC in Japan ==='''O''' - No heater=== '''Notes:''' *The [[semiconductor]]s had a [[#Osemi|{{color|Green|different function letter scheme}}]] *Gas-filled [[Cold cathode|cold-cathode]] tubes were shifted to Z before their mass production in Europe started, but before that, most producers published [[#0 prefix - Gas-filled cold-cathode tubes|{{color|Green|RETMA '''0'''-prefix tube}}]] data appearantly under this letter: OA2, OA3, OB2, OB3, OC2, OC3, OD3, etc. *[[Philips]] sold a family of 150mA series heater tubes under this letter in South America: OBC1, OBC3/12SQ7GT, OBF2, OCH4, OH4/12A8GT, OF1/6S7G, OF5/12K7GT, OF9 and OM5, used in combination with RETMA types 35Z5 and 50L6 ===='''OA'''==== *'''OA5''' – 100 V, 150 mA [[Germanium]] gold-bonded point-contact diode *'''OA85''' – 90 V, 50 mA Germanium point-contact diode *'''OA127''' – 19 V, 40 mA [[Silicon]] diode *'''OA214''' – 700 V, 500 mA Silicon diode *'''OA262''' – 200 V, 15 A Silicon diode *'''OA1154Q''' – Quad germanium point-contact diode *'''OA1182''' – 80 V, 150 mA Germanium diode ===='''OAP'''==== *'''OAP12''' – Germanium [[photodiode]], all-glass pigtailed, black-tinted except top dome, max. sensitivity at [[Wavelength|λ]] = 1.55 µm ===='''OAZ'''==== *'''OAZ200''' – 4.7 V, 420 mW Silicon [[zener diode]] *'''OAZ292''' – 9.1 V, 7 W Silicon zener diode ===='''OC'''==== *'''OC2''' – Germanium PNP [[bipolar junction transistor]], [[Bipolar junction transistor#Transistor characteristics: alpha (α) and beta (β)|β]] > 20 *'''OC43''' – 15 V, 50 mA Germanium PNP transistor, β: 50...200 *'''OC44''' – 15 V, 5 mA Germanium PNP transistor, β: 100 *'''OC45''' – 15 V, 5 mA Germanium PNP transistor, β: 50 [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:OC45|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''OC46''' – 20 V, 100 mA Germanium PNP transistor, β: 20...80 *'''OC47''' – 20 V, 100 mA Germanium PNP transistor, β: 50...200 :'''Note:''' The German [[Clevite|''Clevite-Intermetall'']] sold their first lineup of silicon PNP transistors initially under these same type numbers OC43...47; when this became clear, they appended a '''0''' to their type numbers, henceforth selling this line as OC430...470[https://sites.google.com/site/transistorhistory2/home/transistor-products Mark P. D. Burgess: Transistor History 2 - History of Clevite Transistor Products] *'''OC50''' – 20 V, 1.5 mA Germanium PNP point-contact transistor, β: 2.1 *'''OC70''' – 30 V, 10 mA Germanium PNP transistor, black-tinted all-glass pigtailed, β: 30 *'''OC71''' – 30 V, 10 mA Germanium PNP transistor, black-tinted all-glass pigtailed, β: 47 [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:OC71|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''OC141''' – 20 V, 400 mA Germanium NPN transistor, β: 150 *'''OC170''' – 20 V, 10 mA Germanium NPN transistor, β: 100 [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:OC170|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''OC200''' – 25 V, 50 mA Silicon NPN transistor, β: 15...60 [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:OC200|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''OC430''' – 10 V, 50 mA Silicon PNP transistor, β: 10...20 *'''OC440''' – 30 V, 50 mA Silicon PNP transistor, β: 10...20 *'''OC450''' – 75 V, 50 mA Silicon PNP transistor, β: >10 *'''OC460''' – 10 V, 50 mA Silicon PNP transistor, β: >20 *'''OC470''' – 30 V, 50 mA Silicon PNP transistor, β: >20 *'''OC604''' – 10 V, 50 mA Germanium PNP AF transistor, black-tinted all-glass pigtailed, β: 45 *'''OC604spez.''' – 15 V, 500 mA Germanium PNP AF power transistor, OC604 with improved internal heat transfer and a cooling fin *'''OC703''' – 80 V, 50 mA Silicon PNP transistor, β: 10...25 *'''OC800''' – 50 V, 10 mA Silicon [[Field-effect transistor|FET]] (Clevite-Intermetall), [[Gain (electronics)|μ]]: 4.5, [[Transconductance|gm]]: 50 [[Siemens (unit)#Mho|µ℧]] ===='''OCP'''==== *'''OCP70''' – [[File:OCP71, edge-on.jpg|138 px|thumb|right|OCP71]]Germanium PNP [[phototransistor]], OC70 without black tint, max. sensitivity at λ = 1.55 µm *'''OCP71''' – Germanium PNP phototransistor, OC71 without black tint, max. sensitivity at λ = 1.55 µm [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:OCP71|class=noviewer|alt=]] ===='''OD'''==== *'''OD650''' – 60 V, 15 A, 45 W Germanium AF PNP power transistor, β: 80 *'''OD652''' – 60 V, 30 A, 45 W Germanium AF PNP power transistor, β: 50 *'''OD750''' – 100 V, 2 A, 150 W Silicon AF NPN power transistor, β: 30 *'''OD751''' – 100 V, 5 A, 150 W Silicon AF NPN power transistor, β: 30 ===='''ORP'''==== *'''ORP10/7632''' – [[Indium antimonide|InSb]] mid-[[infrared]] [[photoresistor]], top window, 2-pin pigtailed, max. sensitivity at λ = 6 µm *'''ORP11/7633''' – [[Cadmium sulfide|CdS]] photoresistor (LDR), top window, 3-pin base, max. sensitivity at λ = 675 nm *'''ORP12/LDR03''' – CdS photoresistor, top window, 2-pin pigtailed, max. sensitivity at λ = 675 nm *'''ORP13''' – InSb mid-infrared photoresistor in a [[liquid nitrogen]] [[Cryogenic storage dewar|dewar]], side window via mirror, max. sensitivity at λ = 4.5...5.4 µm *'''ORP14/RPY14''' – CdS photoresistor, side window, 2-pin gold-plated pigtailed, max. sensitivity at λ = 675 nm *'''ORP23''' – CdS photoresistor, top window, 2-pin base, max. sensitivity at λ = 675 nm *'''ORP30''' – 350 Vmax CdS photoresistor, top window, 4-pin Octal base, max. sensitivity at λ = 675 nm *'''ORP31''' – 350 Vmax CdS photoresistor, top window, 4-pin Octal base *'''ORP50''' (300 Vmax), '''ORP52''' (200 Vmax) – CdS photoresistor 45° tilt under dome, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed, max. sensitivity at λ = 675 nm *'''ORP60''', '''ORP66''' (top window), '''ORP61''' (side window) – 350 Vmax CdS photoresistor, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed, max. sensitivity at λ = 675 nm *'''ORP62''' (side window), '''ORP68''', '''ORP69''' (45° tilt) – 350 Vmax CdS photoresistor, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed, max. sensitivity at λ = 675 nm *'''ORP63''' – 75 Vmax CdS photoresistor, side window, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed, max. sensitivity at λ = 675 nm *'''ORP80/RPY13''' – [[Resistive opto-isolator|''Vactrol''-type opto-isolator]], a small 24-volts incandescent lamp surrounded by 4 CdS photoresistors in a black-tinted glass envelope, Noval base *'''ORP90''', '''ORP93''', '''ORP94''' – 350 Vmax CdS photoresistor, side window, Miniature 7-pin base, max. sensitivity at λ = 675 nm ===='''OY'''==== *'''OY2''' – 100 V, 200 mA Germanium half-wave rectifier *'''OY114''' – 200 V, 1 A Germanium half-wave rectifier *'''OY252''' – 200 V, 500 mA Silicon half-wave rectifier *'''OY5066''' – 600 V, 10 A Silicon half-wave rectifier *'''OY6047''' – 700 V, 1 A Silicon half-wave rectifier ==='''P''' - 300 mA heater=== '''Note:''' [[Philips]] sold a family of 300mA series heater tubes under this letter in South America: PAB1, PBC3/6SQ7GT, PBF2/6B8G, PF9/6K7G, PH4/6A8G and PM5, used in combination with RETMA types 25L6 and 25Z6 ===='''PAB'''==== *'''PAB1''' – Triple diode with common cathode, side-contact 8 base; AAB1 or EAB1 with a different heater ===='''PABC'''==== *'''PABC80/9AK8''' – [[Control grid#Effects of grid position|High-mu]] triode + triple low-voltage diode (two on common cathode with triode, one with independent cathode), Noval base, used as an AF amplifier, AM detector and FM ratio detector in series-heated post-war European AM/FM radios and TV receivers; [[#EABC80|{{color|Green|EABC80}}]]/[[#6AK8|{{color|Green|6AK8}}]], 5T8, [[#6T8|{{color|Green|6T8}}]], HABC80/19T8, UABC80/27AK8 or DH719 with a different heater ===='''PC'''==== *'''PC86/4CM4''' – UHF Triode; EC86/6CM4 with a different heater *'''PC88/4DL4''' – UHF Triode; EC88/6DL4 with a different heater *'''PC92''' – RF Triode *'''PC93''' – Triode *'''PC95/4ER5''' – [[Control grid#Grid variations|Variable-mu]] VHF triode; EC95/6ER5 or XC95/2ER5 with a different heater *'''PC96''' – Triode *'''PC97/4FY5''' – Frame-grid VHF triode; EC97/6FY5 or XC97/2FY5 with a different heater *'''PC900/4HA5''' – VHF Triode; EC900/6HA5 or LC900/3HA5 with a different heater ===='''PCC'''==== *'''PCC84/7AN7''' – Dual triode for VHF [[cascode]] amplifiers, Noval base; [[#ECC84|{{color|Green|ECC84/6CW7}}]] or UCC84 with a different heater *'''PCC85/9AQ8''' – Dual triode for use as VHF oscillator/mixer up to 200 MHz, Noval base; ECC85/6AQ8, HCC85/17EW8 or UCC85 with a different heater *'''PCC88/7DJ8''' – Dual triode for use as cascode amplifiers; ECC88/[[6DJ8]] with a different heater *'''PCC89/7FC7''' – Dual variable-mu triode for use as cascode amplifiers up to 220 MHz *'''PCC189/7ES8''' – Dual variable-mu VHF triode for cascode amplifiers; ECC189/6ES8, XCC189/4ES8 or YCC189/5ES8 with a different heater ===='''PCE'''==== *'''PCE82''' – Triode + CRT cathode drive beam tetrode *'''PCE800''' = EdiSwan '''30FL1''' – Triode + low-power semiremote-cutoff beam tetrode, Noval base ===='''PCF'''==== *'''PCF80/9A8''' – VHF oscillator/mixer triode/pentode; ECF80/6BL8, LCF80/6LN8, UCF80 or XCF80/4BL8 with a different heater *'''PCF82/9U8A''' – [[#ECF82|{{color|Green|ECF82/6U8}}]] or XCF82/5U8 with a different heater *'''PCF86/7HG8''' – VHF oscillator/mixer triode/pentode; ECF86/6HG8, LCF86/5HG8, 8HG8 or XCF86/4HG8 with a different heater *'''PCF87''' = EdiSwan '''30C17''' – Triode + remote-cutoff pentode for use as VHF mixer in TV receiversPCF87 on [http://www.r-type.org/exhib/aai0119.htm r-type.org], on [https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_pcf87.html radiomuseum.org] *'''PCF200/8X9''' – Triode + pentode for use as IF amplifier in TV receivers, Decal base; ECF200/6X9 with a different heater *'''PCF201/8U9''' – Triode + pentode for use as IF amplifier and sync sep in TV receivers, Decal base; ECF201/6U9 or LCF201/5U9 with a different heater *'''PCF800''' (EdiSwan 30C15) – Triode + pentode for use as VHF mixer in TV receivers *'''PCF801/8GJ7''' – Triode + remote-cutoff pentode for use as VHF mixer in TV receivers, Noval base; ECF801/6GJ7, LCF801/5GJ7 or XCF801/4GJ7 with a different heater *'''PCF802/9JW8''' – Triode + pentode for use as reactance and sinewave oscillator in TV receivers, Noval base; ECF802/6JW8, LCF802/6LX8 or 5JW8 with a different heater *'''PCF803''' – PCF801/8GJ7 with separate cathodes *'''PCF805/7GV7''' – Triode + remote-cutoff pentode for use as VHF mixer in TV receivers, Noval base; ECF805/6GV7 with a different heater *'''PCF806''' – Triode + sharp-cutoff, frame-grid pentode for use as VHF mixer in TV receivers *'''PCF812''' = EdiSwan '''30FL2''' – Triode + low-power semiremote-cutoff beam tetrode, Noval base; ECF812 (=6FL2) with a different heater ===='''PCH'''==== *'''PCH200/9V9''' – Triode/heptode, Decal base, for TV sync sep; ECH200/6V9 with a different heater ===='''PCL'''==== *'''PCL81''' – [[#ECL81|{{color|Green|ECL81}}]] with a different heater *'''PCL82/16A8''' – AF triode + AF power pentode; [[#ECL82|{{color|Green|ECL82/6BM8}}]]; UCL82/50BM8 or XCL82/8B8 with a different heater *'''PCL83''' – Triode + power pentode; ECL83 with a different heater *'''PCL84/15DQ8''' – TV sync sep triode + [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] cathode drive power pentode; ECL84/6DX8 or LCL84/10DX8 or XCL84/8DX8 with a different heater *'''PCL85/18GV8''' – Triode + power pentode used in TV receivers for vertical timebase, generally as a multivibrator, with the pentode section doubling as one half of the multivibrator and the power output device; ECL85/6GV8, LCL85/10GV8 or XCL85/9GV8 with a different heater *'''PCL86/14GW8''' – AF Triode + AF power pentode, used for audio amplification in European TV receivers; ECL86/6GW8 with a different heater *'''PCL88''' = EdiSwan '''30PL14''' – Triode + power pentodePCL88 on [http://www.r-type.org/exhib/abc0033.htm r-type.org], on [https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_pcl88.html radiomuseum.org] *'''PCL200''' – Triode + CRT drive power pentode, Decal base; ECL200 with a different heater *'''PCL800''' = EdiSwan '''30PL13''' – Triode + power pentodePCL800 on [http://www.r-type.org/exhib/aad0301.htm r-type.org], on [https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_pcl800.html radiomuseum.org] *'''PCL802''' – Triode + power pentode *'''PCL805''' – Triode + power pentode; ECL805 with a different heater ===='''PD'''==== *'''{{Visible anchor|PD500}}/9ED4''' – 25 kV Color CRT [[High voltage|EHT]] shunt stabilizer triode, Magnoval base; considerable [[X-ray tube#Hazards of X-ray production from vacuum tubes|X-radiation]] despite the envelope being fabricated from [[lead glass]]; may be replaced by the PD510 after rewiring the arc-safety shield pin of the socket; ED500/6ED4 with a different heater *'''PD510''' – PD500 with a higher [[Lead(II) oxide|PbO]] content in the glass, improving the X-radiation screening, and therefore should ''never'' be replaced by a PD500 in equipment designed for the PD510[https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/010/p/PD510.pdf PD510 data sheet] ===='''PF'''==== *'''PF83''' – Remote-cutoff AF pentode for use as a [[Variable-gain amplifier|VCA]] in remotely controllable TV receivers *'''PF86''' – Sharp-cutoff AF pentode, also for use in ''[[Dynatron oscillator|Transitron]]'' circuits in TV receivers; [[#EF86|{{color|Green|EF86}}]]/6BK8/6CF8 or UF86 with a different heater ===='''PFL'''==== *'''PFL200/16Y9''' – Sync sep pentode + [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] cathode drive power pentode, Decal base; EFL200/6Y9 or LFL200/11Y9 with a different heater ===='''PL'''==== *'''PL11''' – Power pentode, Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''PL33''' – [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] vertical deflection or AF power pentode, Octal base *'''PL36/25E5''' – British high voltage high frequency switching pentode valve, Octal base with anode on top cap. Used in TV receivers for horizontal deflection output and/or [[High voltage|EHT]] generation up to c1964. Last consumer electronics use DECCA series DR101, 202, 303, 404, 505, 606 monochrome receivers *'''PL38''' – CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode, Octal base; EL38/6CN6 with a different heater :*'''PL38M''' – PL38 with a metal particles spray-shielded envelope on a separate pin{{cite web |url=http://www.vintageradio.me.uk/info/VALVES/mullard1958/mullard1958.pdf |title=''Pocket Data Book'' |publisher=[[Mullard]] |year=1958 |pages=47ff |access-date=14 December 2013}} *'''PL81/21A6''' – AF or CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode, Noval base :*'''PL81A''' – Similar to PL81 but optimised for portable television designs *'''PL82/16A5''' – AF or CRT vertical deflection output power pentode *'''PL83/15A6''' = M-OV '''N309''' – CRT cathode drive power pentode *'''PL84/15CW5''' – AF or CRT vertical deflection output power pentode; EL86/6CW5, LL86/10CW5 or XL86/8CW5 with a different heater *'''PL95''' – AF power pentode *'''PL136/35FV5''' – Color TV 110° horizontal deflection output power pentode, Octal base *'''PL300/35FN5''' – CRT horizontal deflection power pentode, Octal base; EL300/6FN5 with a different heater *'''PL302''' – CRT horizontal deflection beam power pentode, Octal base *'''PL500/27GB5/28GB5''' – CRT horizontal deflection beam power pentode, Magnoval base; EL500/6GB5, LL500/18GB5 or XL500/13GB5 with a different heater *'''PL502''' – CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode *'''PL504''' – CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode, replacement for PL500; EL504 with a different heater *'''PL505/40KG6''' – CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode for color TV; EL505/6KG6 with a different heater *'''PL508/17KW6''' – CRT vertical deflection output power pentode for color TV; EL508/6KW6 with a different heater *'''PL509/40KG6A''' – PL505/40KG6 with an increased max. anode dissipation; EL509/6KG6A with a different heater *'''PL511''' – CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode *'''PL519''' – CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode; EL519 with a different heater *'''PL521/29KQ6''' – CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode, Magnoval base; 21KQ6 with a different heater *'''PL802''' – CRT cathode drive output pentode for color TV, Noval base; EL802/6LD6 with a different heater *'''PL805''' – CRT vertical deflection output power pentode; EL805 with a different heater *'''PL820''' – CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode *'''PL841''' – AF or CRT vertical deflection output power pentode ===='''PLL'''==== *'''PLL80/12HU8''' – Dual AF power pentode, Noval base; ELL80/6HU8 with a different heater ===='''PM'''==== *'''PM84''' – Side-view, band-type [[Magic eye tube|tuning/level indicator]] for use in TV receivers, Noval base; UM84/12FG6 with a different heater ===='''PY'''==== *'''PY31''' – Half-wave rectifier, Octal base *'''PY32''' – Half-wave rectifier, Octal base *'''PY33''' – Half-wave rectifier, Octal base *'''PY71''' – Half-wave rectifier, B8G Loctal base *'''PY80/19X3''' – CRT horizontal deflection output booster diode, Noval base; [[#EY80|{{color|Green|EY80}}]] with a different heater *'''PY81/17Z3''' – CRT horizontal deflection output booster diode *'''PY82/19Y3''' – Half-wave rectifier; [[#EY82|{{color|Green|EY82/6N3}}]] with a different heater *'''PY83''' – Half-wave rectifier; EY83 with a different heater *'''PY88/30AE3''' – CRT horizontal deflection output booster diode; EY88/6AL3, LY88/20AQ3 or XY88/16AQ3 with a different heater *'''{{Visible anchor|PY500}}A/42EC4A''' – CRT horizontal deflection output booster diode for color TV, Magnoval base; EY500A/6EC4A with a different heater *'''PY800''' – CRT horizontal deflection output booster diode, Noval base *'''PY801''' – CRT horizontal deflection output booster diodePY801 on [http://www.r-type.org/exhib/aaa0391.htm r-type.org], on [https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_py801.html radiomuseum.org] ===='''PZ'''==== *'''PZ30''' – Dual 200 mA rectifier diode, separate cathodes, Octal base, for use as a [[voltage doubler]] in TV receivers ==='''Q''' - 2.4 V heater=== ===='''QC'''==== *'''QC100''' – Low-[[microphonics]] triode[https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_qc100.html QC100 on radiomuseum.org] ===='''QZ'''==== *'''QZ100''' – Full-wave rectifier[https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_qz100.html QZ100 on radiomuseum.org] Further types such as the QD100, QF100,[https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_qf100.html QF100 on radiomuseum.org] QH100, QLL100, QY100 were under development, but didn't get past the prototyping phase{{cite web |url=http://www.hts-homepage.de/Wehrmacht/Gemeinschaft/WMGemein.html |title=Behördenröhren ("Government tubes") |language=de |access-date=19 July 2020}} ==='''S''' - 1.9 V heater=== ===='''SA'''==== *'''SA100''' – [[Instrumentation]] rectifier diode up to 3 GHz{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/043/s/SA100.pdf |title=''SA100 UKW-Diode für Meßzwecke'' data sheet |language=de |publisher=[[Telefunken]] |access-date=4 January 2014}} *'''SA101''' – Instrumentation rectifier diode{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/043/s/SA101.pdf |title=''SA101 UKW-Diode für Meßzwecke'' data sheet |language=de |publisher=[[Telefunken]] |access-date=4 January 2014}} *'''SA102''' – Instrumentation rectifier diode{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/043/s/SA102.pdf |title=''SA102 UKW-Diode für Meßzwecke'' data sheet |language=de |publisher=[[Telefunken]] |access-date=4 January 2014}} ===='''SD'''==== *'''SD1A''' – Shortwave power triode{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/043/s/SD1A.pdf |title=''SD1A Kurzwellen-Triode'' data sheet |language=de |publisher=[[Telefunken]] |access-date=4 January 2014}} *'''SD3''' – 750 MHz, 3.5 W VHF power triode{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/043/s/SD3.pdf |title=''SD3 UKW-Sende-Triode'' data sheet |language=de |publisher=[[Telefunken]] |access-date=4 January 2014}} ===='''SF'''==== *'''SF1A''' – Sharp-cutoff RF pentode;{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/043/s/SF1A.pdf |title=''SF1A HF-Pentode'' data sheet |language=de |publisher=[[Telefunken]] |access-date=4 January 2014}} NF6 resp. RV12P2000 with a different heater ==='''T''' - Custom heater=== '''Note:''' [[Tungsram]] preceded the M-P designation with the letter '''T''', as in TAD1 for AD1 ===='''TY'''==== *'''TY86F''' – 7.4 V, 77 mA heater version of the EY86 18-kV [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] [[High voltage|EHT]] rectifier, for use as a hotfix in early-production [[Ferguson Electronics|Ferguson Radio Corporation]] TV receivers ''306T'' and ''308T''[http://www.r-type.org/hires-00/aaa0834b.jpg see sticker] on [http://www.r-type.org/exhib/aaa0834.htm r-type.org] where the [[Flyback transformer|horizontal-output transformer]] produced excessive heater voltage which destroyed the originally fitted EY86's ==='''U''' - 100 mA heater=== '''Notes:''' *Ultron (MBLE)([[:fr:MBLE|fr]], [[:nl:Manufacture Belge de Lampes Electriques|nl]]) preceded the M-P designation with the letter '''U''', as in UAD1 for AD1 *[[Philips]] sold a family of 100mA series heater tubes under this letter in South America: UBC1, UBF2, UBL1, UCH4, UF8, UF9, UL1, UM4 and UY1 ;[[Iron–hydrogen resistor|Barretters]] *'''U30''' – 70 to 122.5 V filament, Octal base, for 110 to 127V mains ===='''UAA'''==== *'''UAA11''' – Dual diode with separate cathodes, Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''UAA91''' – Dual diode with separate cathodes, Miniature 7-pin base; EAA91/6AL5, HAA91/12AL5 or XAA91/3AL5 with a different heater *'''UAA171''' – Dual diode, separate cathodes and separate heaters, ''gnome tube''; EAA171 with a different heater ===='''UABC'''==== *'''UABC80/27AK8''' – [[Control grid#Effects of grid position|High-mu]] triode + triple low-voltage diode (two on common cathode with triode, one with independent cathode), Noval base, used as an AF amplifier, AM detector and FM ratio detector in series-heated post-war European AM/FM radios; [[#EABC80|{{color|Green|EABC80}}]]/[[#6AK8|{{color|Green|6AK8}}]], 5T8, [[#6T8|{{color|Green|6T8}}]], HABC80/19T8, PABC80/9AK8 and DH719 with a different heater ===='''UAF'''==== *'''UAF21''' – Diode + remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode, B8G Loctal base; EAF21 with a different heater *'''UAF41''' – Diode + remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode, Rimlock base; EAF41 with a different heater *'''UAF42/12S7''' – Diode + remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode, Rimlock base ===='''UB'''==== *'''UB41''' – Dual RF diode with separate cathodes, Rimlock base; EB41 with a different heater ===='''UBC'''==== *'''UBC41/14L7''' – Shielded dual diode + AF triode; EBC41 with a different heater; UBC81 with a Rimlock base *'''UBC81''' – Shielded dual diode + AF triode; EBC81/6BD7A with a different heater; UBC41 with a Noval base ===='''UBF'''==== *'''UBF11''' – Dual diode + remote-cutoff pentode, Y8A ''steel tube'' base; EBF11 with a different heater *'''UBF15''' – Dual diode + remote-cutoff pentode, Y8A ''steel tube'' base; EBF15 with a different heater *'''UBF80/17C8''' – Dual diode + remote-cutoff pentode *'''UBF89''' = EdiSwan '''19FL8''' – Dual diode + remote-cutoff pentode *'''UBF171''' – Dual diode + remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode, ''gnome tube''; EBF171 with a different heater ===='''UBL'''==== *'''UBL1''' – Dual diode + power pentode, Octal base *'''UBL3''' – Dual diode + power pentode, side-contact 8 base *'''UBL21''' = '''UBL71''' – Dual diode + power pentode, B8G Loctal base ===='''UC'''==== *'''UC92/9AB4''' – VHF triode for FM [[RF front end|receiver front ends]], single ECC81/[[12AT7]] system; EC92/6AB4 with a different heater ===='''UCC'''==== *'''UCC84''' – Dual triode for VHF [[cascode]] amplifiers, Noval base; [[#ECC84|{{color|Green|ECC84/6CW7}}]] or PCC84/7AN7 with a different heater *'''UCC85''' – Dual triode for use as VHF oscillator/mixer up to 200 MHz, Noval base; ECC85/6AQ8, HCC85/17EW8 or PCC85/9AQ8 with a different heater *'''UCC171''' – Separate cathodes and separate heaters dual triode, 11-pin ''gnome tube'' with internal shield, prototype only; ECC171 with a different heater ===='''UCF'''==== *'''UCF12''' – Triode + sharp-cutoff pentode for use as RF amplifier and [[Regenerative circuit|superregenerative FM detector]], Y8A ''steel tube'' base; ECF12 with a different heater *'''UCF80''' – VHF oscillator/mixer triode/pentode; ECF80/6BL8, LCF80/6LN8, PCF80/9A8 or XCF80/4BL8 with a different heater *'''UCF174''' – Triode + pentode, ''gnome tube'', prototype only; ECF174 with a different heater ===='''UCH'''==== *'''UCH4''' – Triode/remote-cutoff heptode mixer; UCH5 or UCH21 with an Octal base *'''UCH5''' – UCH4 or UCH21 with a side-contact 8 base *'''UCH11''' – [[Pentagrid converter#Hexode|Triode/remote-cutoff hexode mixer]], Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''UCH21''' = '''UCH71''' – UCH4 or UCH5 with a B8G Loctal base *'''UCH41''' – Triode/remote-cutoff hexode mixer, Rimlock base *'''UCH42/14K7''' – Triode/remote-cutoff hexode mixer, Rimlock base; ECH42 with a different heater *'''UCH43''' – Triode/remote-cutoff hexode mixer, Rimlock base, low-[[microphonics]] version of UCH42; ECH43 with a different heater *'''UCH81/19D8''' – Triode/remote-cutoff heptode mixer; HCH81 with a different heater *'''UCH171''' – Triode/remote-cutoff heptode mixer, ''gnome tube''; ECH171 with a different heater ===='''UCL'''==== *'''UCL11''' – Triode + power tetrode, Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''UCL81''' – Triode + power pentode; PCL81 with a different heater *'''UCL82/50BM8''' – AF triode + AF power pentode; [[#ECL82|{{color|Green|ECL82/6BM8}}]]; PCL82/16A8 or XCL82/8B8 with a different heater *'''UCL83''' – Triode + power pentode; PCL83 with a different heater ===='''UEL'''==== *'''UEL11''' – Tetrode + power tetrode, Y8A ''steel tube'' base; VEL11 with a different heater *'''UEL51''' – Tetrode + power pentode, Y10A ''steel tube'' 10-pin base *'''UEL71''' – Tetrode + power pentode, B8G 8-pin Loctal base; EEL71 with a different heater *'''UEL171''' – Remote-cutoff tetrode + 4-Watt power pentode, ''gnome tube''; EEL171 with a different heater ===='''UF'''==== *'''UF5''' – Remote-cutoff pentode, side-contact 8 base *'''UF6''' – Pentode, side-contact 8 base *'''UF9''' – Remote-cutoff pentode, Octal base *'''UF11''' – Remote-cutoff pentode, Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''UF14''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode, Y8A ''steel tube'' base; EF14 or VF14 with a different heater *'''UF15''' – Remote-cutoff pentode, Y8A ''steel tube'' base; EF15 with a different heater *'''UF21''' – Remote-cutoff pentode, B8G Loctal base *'''UF41/12AC5''' – Remote-cutoff RF pentode, Rimlock base; EF41 with a different heater *'''UF42''' – Wide band pentode, Rimlock base; EF42 with a different heater *'''UF43''' – Wide band, remote-cutoff pentode, Rimlock base; EF43 with a different heater *'''UF80/19BX6''' – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF/Video pentode, Noval base; XF80/3BX6, EF80/6BX6 or 12BX6 with a different heater *'''UF85/19BY7''' – Remote-cutoff RF pentode *'''UF86''' – [[#EF86|{{color|Green|EF86}}]]/6BK8/6CF8 or PF86 with a different heater *'''UF89''' – Remote-cutoff IF pentode *'''UF172''' – RF/IF/AF Pentode, ''gnome tube''; EF172 with a different heater *'''UF174''' – Pentode, ''gnome tube''; EF174 with a different heater *'''UF175''' – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode, ''gnome tube''; EF175 with a different heater *'''UF176''' – VHF Pentode, ''gnome tube'', prototype only; EF176 with a different heater *'''UF177''' – VHF Pentode, ''gnome tube'', prototype only; EF177 with a different heater ===='''UFM'''==== *'''UFM11''' – [[Cut-off (electronics)|Remote-cutoff]] AF pentode + top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, Y8A ''steel tube'' base; EFM11 with a different heater ===='''UH'''==== *'''UH171''' – Sharp-cutoff heptode, ''gnome tube'', prototype only ===='''UL'''==== *'''UL2''' – Power pentode, side-contact 8 base *'''UL11''' – Power pentode, Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''UL12''' – Power pentode, Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''UL21''' = '''UL71''' – Power pentode, B8G Loctal base *'''UL41/45A5''' – AF power pentode, Rimlock base *'''UL44''' – Power pentode, Rimlock base; EL44 with a different heater *'''UL46''' – Power pentode, Rimlock baseUL46 on [http://www.r-type.org/exhib/aaa0376.htm r-type.org], on [https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_ul46.html radiomuseum.org] *'''UL84/45B5''' – AF power pentode *'''UL171''' – 4-Watts Power pentode, ''gnome tube''; EL171 with a different heater ===='''ULL'''==== *'''ULL80''' – Dual AF power pentode; ELL80, PLL80 with a different heater ===='''UM'''==== *'''UM4''' ('''10M2''') – Dual-sensitivity, top-view, "Magic Eye"-type [[Magic eye tube|tuning indicator]], Octal base; UM34 with a different pinout *'''UM11''' – Dual-sensitivity, top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, Y8A ''steel tube'' base; EM11 with a different heater *'''UM34''' – UM4 with a different pinout; HM34 with different heater ratings *'''UM35''' = EdiSwan '''10M2''' – Dual-sensitivity, top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, Octal base *'''UM80/19BR5''' – Side-view, fan-type tuning indicator for AM receivers *'''UM81''' – Side-view, fan-type tuning indicator *'''UM84/12FG6''' – Side-view, band-type tuning/level indicator; PM84 with a different heater *'''UM85''' – Side-view, fan-type tuning indicator, Noval base; EM85 or HM85 with a different heater *'''UM171''' – Dual-sensitivity, top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, ''gnome tube'';[https://frank.pocnet.net/short/053/2/266.pdf UM171 vademecum data] EM171 with a different heater ===='''UQ'''==== *'''UQ80''' – [[Nonode]]; EQ80/6BE7 with a different heater *'''UQ171''' – Nonode, ''gnome tube'', prototype only; EQ171 with a different heater ===='''US'''==== *'''US111''' – ''TV sync oscillator'', a special [[relaxation oscillator]] pentode with the suppressor grid on a separate pin to act as a second control grid; Y8A ''steel tube'' base with 2 unused pins, screen grid on top cap. See [[#ES111|{{color|Green|ES111}}]] ===='''UY'''==== *'''UY1''' – Half-wave rectifier, Octal base [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:UY1 (vacuum tube)|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''UY2''' – Half-wave rectifier, side-contact 5 base *'''UY3''' – Half-wave rectifier, side-contact 8 base *'''UY4''' – Half-wave rectifier, side-contact 8 base *'''UY11''' – Half-wave rectifier, Y8A ''steel tube'' base *'''UY21''' – Half-wave rectifier, B8G Loctal base *'''UY31''' – Half-wave rectifier, Octal base *'''UY41/31A3''' – Half-wave rectifier, Rimlock base *'''UY42''' – Half-wave rectifier, Rimlock base *'''UY82/55N3''' – Half-wave rectifier *'''UY85/38A3''' – Half-wave rectifier *'''UY89/31AV3''' – Half-wave rectifier *'''UY92''' – Half-wave rectifier ==='''V''' - 50 mA heater=== '''Notes:''' *Apart from [[AC/DC receiver design#Series tube heaters|AC/DC radios]],[http://www.phaedrus-audio.com/VF14image011%20(4).png 2-tube AC/DC receivers with the new 55-Volts tubes] "V" tubes were also used in miniaturized equipment with only one single supply for both anode and heater. *''[[:File:VateaGyar Bp13 Vaci169.jpg|VATEA Rádiótechnikai és Villamossági Rt.-t.]]'' (VATEA Radio Technology and Electric Co. Ltd., Budapest, Hungary) preceded the M-P designation with the letter '''V''', as in VEL5 for EL5. ===='''VBF'''==== *'''VBF11''' – Dual diode + pentode, Y8A ''steel tube'' base; EBF11 with a 38 V heater ===='''VC'''==== *'''VC1''' – Triode, side-contact 8 base with grid on top cap, 55 V heater ===='''VCH'''==== *'''VCH11''' – [[Pentagrid converter#Hexode|Triode/hexode mixer]], Y8A ''steel tube'' base, ECH11 with a 38 V heater ===='''VCL'''==== *'''VCL11''' – Triode + power tetrode, 90 V heater, Y8A ''steel tube'' base ===='''VEL'''==== *'''VEL11''' – AF Tetrode + AF beam power tetrode, Y8A ''steel tube'' base with E-tetrode grid on top cap, UEL11 with a 90 V heater ===='''VF'''==== *'''VF3''' – Pentode, side-contact 8 base; AF3 with a 55 V heater *'''VF7''' – Pentode, side-contact 8 base; [[#AF7|{{color|Green|AF7}}]], CF7 or EF7 with a 55 V heater *'''VF14''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode, Y8A ''steel tube'' base; EF14 or UF14 with a 55 V heater :*'''VF14M''' – Selected VF14 in production until the end of the 1950s for use as a [[microphone preamplifier|preamplifier]] in [[Georg Neumann|Neumann]] [[Valve microphone|condenser microphones]] [[Neumann U47|''U-47'' and ''U-48'']] where they were run at only half their rated heater power to [[Noise reduction|reduce noise]] ===='''VL'''==== *'''VL1''' – 1.6 W AF Pentode, side-contact 8 base, CL1 with a 55 V heater *'''VL4''' – 4 W AF Pentode, side-contact 8 base, CL4 with a 110 V heater ===='''VY'''==== *'''VY1''' – 60 mA Half-wave rectifier, 55 V heater, side-contact 8 base *'''VY2''' – 250 V, 20 mA Half-wave rectifier, 30 V heater, side-contact 5 base ==='''X''' - 600 mA heater=== ===='''XAA'''==== *'''XAA91/3AL5''' – Dual diode with separate cathodes, Miniature 7-pin base; EAA91/6AL5, HAA91/12AL5 or UAA91 with a different heater ===='''XC'''==== *'''XC95/2ER5''' – [[Control grid#Grid variations|Variable-mu]] VHF triode; EC95/6ER5, PC95/4ER5 with a different heater *'''XC97/2FY5''' – Frame-grid VHF triode; EC97/6FY5 or PC97/4FY5 with a different heater ===='''XCC'''==== *'''XCC82/7AU7''' – Dual triode; ECC82/[[12AU7]] with a different heater *'''XCC189/4ES8''' – Dual VHF triode for [[cascode]] amplifiers; ECC189/6ES8, PCC189/7ES8 or YCC189/5ES8 with a different heater ===='''XCF'''==== *'''XCF80/4BL8''' – VHF oscillator/mixer triode/pentode; ECF80/6BL8, PCF80/9A8, LCF80/6LN8 or UCF80 with a different heater *'''XCF82/5U8''' – Triode + pentode; [[#ECF82|{{color|Green|ECF82/6U8}}]] or PCF82/9U8A with a different heater *'''XCF801/4GJ7''' – VHF oscillator/mixer triode/pentode, Noval base; ECF801/6GJ7, LCF801/5GJ7 or PCF801/8GJ7 with a different heater ===='''XCH'''==== *'''XCH81/3AJ8''' – Triode/heptode mixer; ECH81/6AJ8 with a different heater ===='''XCL'''==== *'''XCL82/8B8''' – AF triode + AF power pentode; [[#ECL82|{{color|Green|ECL82/6BM8}}]], PCL82/16A8 or UCL82/50BM8 with a different heater *'''XCL84/8DX8''' – TV sync sep triode + [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] cathode drive power pentode; ECL84/6DX8, LCL84/10DX8 or PCL84/15DQ8 with a different heater *'''XCL85/9GV8''' – Triode + power pentode for CRT vertical deflection output; ECL85/6GV8, LCL85/10GV8 or PCL85/18GV8 with a different heater ===='''XF'''==== *'''XF80/3BX6''' – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF/Video pentode, Noval base; EF80/6BX6, 12BX6 or UF80/19BX6 with a different heater *'''XF85''' – Remote-cutoff wideband RF pentode, Noval base; EF85/6BY7 or HF85 with a different heater *'''XF94/3AU6''' – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode, Miniature 7-pin base; EF94/6AU6 or HF94/12AU6 with a different heater *'''XF183/3EH7''' – Frame-grid, remote-cutoff IF pentode for use in TV receivers; EF183/6EH7 or LF183/YF183/4EH7 with a different heater *'''XF184/3EJ7''' – Frame-grid, sharp-cutoff IF pentode for use in TV receivers; EF184/6EJ7 or LF184/YF184/4EJ7 with a different heater ===='''XL'''==== *'''XL36/13CM5''' – AF or CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode; EL36/6CM5 with a different heater *'''XL84''' – Power pentode; EL84 with a different heater *'''XL86/8CW5''' – AF or CRT vertical deflection output power pentode; EL86/6CW5, LL86/10CW5 or PL84/15CW5 with a different heater *'''XL500/13GB5''' – CRT horizontal deflection beam power pentode, Magnoval base; EL500/6GB5, LL500/18GB5 or PL500/27GB5 with a different heater ===='''XY'''==== *'''XY88/16AQ3''' – CRT horizontal deflection output booster diode; EY88/6AL3, LY88/20AQ3 or PY88/30AE3 with a different heater ==='''Y''' - 450 mA heater=== ===='''YCC'''==== *'''YCC189/5ES8''' – Dual VHF triode for [[cascode]] amplifiers; ECC189/6ES8, PCC189/7ES8 or XCC189/4ES8 with a different heater[[#RCARC|{{color|Green|RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC26}}]], p.128 ===='''YF'''==== *'''YF183/LF183/4EH7''' – Frame-grid, remote-cutoff IF pentode for use in TV receivers; EF183/6EH7 or XF183/3EH7 with a different heater *'''YF184/LF184/4EJ7''' – Frame-grid, sharp-cutoff IF pentode for use in TV receivers; EF184/6EJ7 or XF184/3EJ7 with a different heater ==='''Z''' - Cold-cathode tube=== '''Notes:''' *Special-quality [[Cold cathode|cold-cathode]] "Z" tubes had a [[#ZSQ|{{color|Green|different function letter scheme}}]]. *See also the [[#Z - Gas-filled tubes|{{color|Green|professional tubes}}]] under Z ===='''ZA'''==== *'''Z860A''' – 250 V [[Electric arc|Arc discharge]] tube for use as switching element in a high voltage pulse generator such as an electric fence energizer, Noval base *'''Z861A''' – 450 V Arc discharge tube, Noval base *'''Z862A''' – 650 V Arc discharge tube, Noval base *'''Z960A''' – 75 V [[Surge protector#Gas discharge tube (GDT)|Cold-cathode surge protector]] for [[RF front end|receiver front ends]], Miniature 7-pin base ===='''ZC'''==== *'''Z302C''' – Unusual decade ''Counter [[Dekatron]]'', a counterclockwise-only decade counter tube with separate odd and even extinguishing electrodes except "0", which is tied to a -300V supply so reaching the terminal count produces a negative spike on the anode voltage which can be used to advance the next counter stage with no intermediate active components *'''Z303C''' – Neon-filled, 4 kHz bidirecional decade ''Counter Dekatron'' *'''Z563C''' – Neon-filled 4 kHz bidirecional decade ''Counter Dekatron'' *'''Z565C''' – 4 kHz Bidirecional decade ''Counter Dekatron'' *'''Z573C''' – Neon-filled 4 kHz bidirecional decade ''Counter Dekatron'' with aux anodes for direct control of [[Nixie tube]]s ===='''ZE'''==== *'''Z862E''' – Noble-gas filled, cold-cathode [[electrometer]] tube, control current 10 pA, [[Silicone rubber|silicone]]-coated envelope for isolation, [[Driven guard|guard ring]], envelope inside radioactively coated for a constant ignition voltage ===='''ZM'''==== *'''ZM11''' – Neon-filled [[Nixie tube|digital indicator tube]], 21 mm character height, top-viewing, showing a cross with a central dot and independent arms, for use in industrial control panels *'''ZM13''' – Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 21 mmCH, top-viewing, showing a vertical line and a circle with a small gap, for use in industrial control panels *'''ZM13U''' – Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 21 mmCH, top-viewing, showing a vertical line and a circle, for use in industrial control panels *'''ZM14''' – Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 21 mmCH, top-viewing, showing a vertical line, a circle, a triangle and a three-winged star, for use in industrial control panels *'''Z510M''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5 mmCH, top-viewing, no decimal point *'''Z520M''' = '''[[#ZM1020|{{color|Green|ZM1020}}]]''' *'''Z521M''' = '''[[#ZM1021|{{color|Green|ZM1021}}]]''' *'''Z522M''' = '''[[#ZM1040|{{color|Green|ZM1040}}]]''' *'''Z550M''' = '''8453''' = '''[[#ZM1050|{{color|Green|ZM1050}}]]''' *'''Z560M''' – Z5600M with a red contrast filter coating *'''Z561M''' = '''ZM1021''' – Z5610M with a red contrast filter coating *'''Z565M''' – Gas-filled digital indicator tube with a [[dekatron]]-type readout; similar to GR10A, Z503M and ZM1050 *'''Z566M''' – Z5660M with a red contrast filter coating *'''Z567M''' – Z5670M with a red contrast filter coating *'''Z568M''' – Z5680M with a red contrast filter coating *'''Z570M''' – Z5700M with a red contrast filter coating *'''Z571M''' – Z5710M with a red contrast filter coating *'''Z573M''' – Z5730M with a red contrast filter coating *'''Z574M''' – Z5740M with a red contrast filter coating *'''Z580M''' – Z5800M with a red contrast filter coating *'''Z581M''' – Z5810M with a red contrast filter coating *'''Z590M''' – Z5900M with a red contrast filter coating *'''Z870M''' – Z8700M with a red contrast filter coating *'''Z5200M''' = '''[[#ZM1022|{{color|Green|ZM1022}}]]''' *'''Z5220M''' = '''[[#ZM1042|{{color|Green|ZM1042}}]]''' *'''Z5600M''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5 mmCH, top-viewing, no decimal point *'''Z5610M''' –  ''A V Ω + - ~ % W''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5 mmCH top-viewing, for use in [[Multimeter|digital multimeters]] *'''Z5660M''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 30 mmCH, side-viewing, no decimal point *'''Z5670M''' –  ''+ - ~''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 18/30 mmCH side-viewing *'''Z5680M''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 50 mmCH side-viewing, no decimal point *'''Z5700M''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 13 mmCH side-viewing, no decimal point *'''Z5710M''' –  ''+ - ~''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 10.5/13 mmCH side-viewing *'''Z5730M''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 13 mmCH side-viewing, right decimal points *'''Z5740M''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 13 mmCH side-viewing, left decimal points *'''Z5800M''' –  ''[[Metric prefix|{{color|#FF4000|T G M k m µ n p}}]]''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 13 mmCH side-viewing *'''Z5810M''' –  ''A F H S V Ω Hz s''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 13 mmCH side-viewing, for use in digital multimeters *'''Z5900M''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 10 mmCH side-viewing, both left and right decimal points *'''Z8700M''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 10 mmCH side-viewing, no decimal point, 5 dual cathodes and separate odd/even anode compartments for [[Multiplexed display|biquinary multiplexing]] '''Note:''' More Nixie tubes under ''[[#ZM 2|{{color|Green|professional - ZM}}]]'' and ''[[#ETL_Examples|{{color|Green|ETL examples}}]]'' ===='''ZS'''==== *'''Z502S''' – Neon-filled, 4 kHz max. decade ''Counter/Selector [[Dekatron]]'' *'''Z504S''' = '''ZM1070''' = '''8433''' – Neon-filled, 5 kHz max. decade ''Counter/Selector Dekatron'' *'''Z505S''' = '''ZM1060''' – Argon-filled, 50 kHz max. decade ''Counter/Selector Dekatron'' *'''Z562S''' – Neon-filled, 4 kHz max. decade ''Counter/Selector Dekatron'', envelope inside radioactively coated for a constant ignition voltage *'''Z564S''' – 25 kHz max. Decade ''Counter/Selector Dekatron'', envelope inside radioactively coated for a constant ignition voltage *'''Z572S''' – Neon-filled, 5 kHz max. decade ''Counter/Selector Dekatron'', aux anodes to directly drive [[Nixie tube]]s, envelope inside radioactively coated for a constant ignition voltage ===='''ZT'''==== *'''Z50T''' – Subminiature, 6 mAavg, 24 mApeak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode trigger triode, 1 starter, 3-pin all-glass pigtailed, for use as switch in [[bang–bang control]]lers *'''Z300T''' = '''PL1267''' (0A4G) – 25 mAavg, 100 mApeak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC trigger triode, one starter, Octal base *'''Z900T''' = '''5823''' – 25 mAavg, 100 mApeak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode AC trigger triode, one starter, Miniature 7-pin base ===='''ZU'''==== *'''Z0.7/10U''' – 700 V, 500 mAavg, 10 Apeak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC arc trigger tetrode, one starter and a primer electrode, positive starter voltage *'''Z0.7/100U''' – 700 V, 2 Aavg, 100 Apeak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC arc trigger tetrode, one starter and a primer electrode, positive starter voltage, for triggering ignitrons *'''Z1/100U''' – 1 kV, 2 Aavg, 100 Apeak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC arc trigger tetrode, one starter and a primer electrode, positive starter voltage, for use in welding machines *'''Z70U''' = '''7710''' – Subminiature, 3 mAavg, 12 mApeak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC trigger tetrode, one starter and a primer electrode, positive starter voltage, 4-pin all-glass pigtailed *'''Z71U''' = '''7711''' – Subminiature, 7 mAavg, 12 mApeak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC trigger tetrode, two starters, positive starter voltage, 4-pin all-glass pigtailed, low impedance at audio frequencies for use in a [[Crossbar switch|telephone exchange]] *'''Z700U''' – Subminiature, 4 mAavg, 16 mApeak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC trigger tetrode, one starter and a primer electrode, positive starter voltage, all-glass pigtailed, for use in [[Dekatron]] circuits up to 2...5 kHz *'''Z701U''' – Subminiature, Gas-filled, cold-cathode trigger tetrode, all-glass pigtailed *'''Z800U''' – 2.5 mAavg, 10 mApeak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC trigger tetrode, one starter and a primer electrode, positive starter voltage, Noval base, for voltage control, sensitive relay circuits and timers *'''Z801U''' – 2.5 mAavg, 10 mApeak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC trigger tetrode, one starter and a primer electrode, negative starter voltage, Noval base, for use with Geiger-Müller tubes *'''Z803U''' = '''6779''' (ZC1020) – 25 mAavg, 100 mApeak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC trigger tetrode, one starter and a primer electrode, positive starter voltage, Noval base, for voltage control, sensitive relay circuits and timers *'''Z804U''' = '''7713''' – 5 mAavg, 25 mApeak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode AC trigger tetrode, one starter and a primer envelope coating, negative starter voltage, Noval base, direct operation from a 200...250VAC mains grid but should be triggered only while UA > 0 *'''Z805U''' = '''7714''' – 5 mAavg, 25 mApeak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode AC trigger tetrode, one starter, two primers and separate cathode and anode shields on individual pins, positive starter voltage, Noval base, direct operation from a 200...250VAC mains grid, for relay drivers, timers, photoelectric controls, etc. ===='''ZW'''==== *'''Z70W''' = '''7709''' – 4 mA, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC trigger pentode, two starters and a primer electrode, positive starter voltage, 5-pin all-glass pigtailed, for use in bidirectional counters *'''Z660W''' (GR43) – 12 mAavg, 50 mApeak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC trigger pentode, two starters and a primer electrode, positive starter voltage, 5-pin all-glass pigtailed, envelope inside radioactively coated for a constant ignition voltage, for use in bidirectional counters *'''Z661W''' (ZC1010) – 8 mAavg, 50 mApeak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode AC trigger pentode, two starters and a primer electrode, positive starter voltage, 5-pin all-glass pigtailed, envelope inside radioactively coated for a constant ignition voltage, for use in bidirectional counters *'''Z700W''' – 4 mA, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC trigger pentode, two starters and a primer electrode, positive starter voltage, 5-pin all-glass pigtailed, for use in bidirectional counters *'''Z806W''' – Gas-filled, cold-cathode trigger tetrode, one starter and dual primer, Noval base, used in elevator controls *'''Z865W''' – 25 mAavg, 200 mApeak Gas-filled, cold-cathode AC/DC trigger tetrode, one starter and a primer electrode, low positive starter voltage for [[Wiktionary:transistorized|transistorized]] circuits, Noval base, envelope inside radioactively coated for a constant ignition voltage, for use as a relay driver ===='''ZX'''==== *'''Z860X''' – 40 mAavg, 200 mApeak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC trigger pentode, two starters, a primer electrode and an internal shield, positive starter voltage, Noval base, envelope inside radioactively coated for a constant ignition voltage, for use in counters *'''Z861X''' – 40 mAavg, 200 mApeak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode AC trigger pentode, two starters, a primer electrode and an internal shield, positive starter voltage, Noval base, envelope inside radioactively coated for a constant ignition voltage, for use in counters *'''Z863X''' – 40 mAavg, 200 mApeak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC trigger pentode, two starters, a primer electrode and an internal shield, negative starter voltage, Noval base, envelope inside radioactively coated for a constant ignition voltage, for use in counters ==List of ''[[Pro Electron]]'' professional tubes== '''Note:''' Typecode explained [[#Professional tubes|{{color|Green|above}}]]. ==='''X''' - Electro-optical devices=== ===='''XA'''==== *'''XA1003''' – [[Phototube]], [[Photocathode|caesium-on-oxydated-silver cathode]], 2-pin all-glass pigtailed ===='''XG'''==== *'''XG2000''' – [[X-ray image intensifier|Image converter]] for [[X-ray]] diagnostics ===='''XL'''==== *'''XL7900''' – [[Parametric amplifier|Vibrating-capacitor]] [[Chopper (electronics)#Chopper amplifiers|chopper front end]] for [[dosimeter]]s, [[electrometer]]s, [[pH meter]]s etc., Magnoval base with gold-plated pins ===='''XM'''==== *'''XM1000''' – [[Nimo tube]], directly heated [[Cathode ray|cathode-ray]] 1-digit numeric display tube, [[Decimal separator|decimal points]] on both sides, hence 12 [[stencil]]ed [[electron gun]]s, top-viewing, green, 15 mm high ''[[Futura (typeface)|Futura Medium]]'' font, oval envelope for easy horizontal stacking, 14-pin base ===='''XP'''==== *'''XP1000''' – 10-stage [[Photomultiplier tube|photomultiplier]], blue-sensitive Sb-Cs [[Photocathode|cathode]], Ag-Mg-O-Cs [[dynode]]s, Diheptal (14-pin) base *'''XP1001''' – 10-stage photomultiplier for gamma ray [[Scintillation counter#Scintillation counter as a spectrometer|scintillation spectrometry]], Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes *'''XP1002''' – 10-stage photomultiplier, blue/green/yellow/orange-sensitive Sb-Na-K-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, Diheptal base *'''XP1003''' – 10-stage photomultiplier with [[Fused quartz|Silica]] window, UV/blue/green/yellow/orange-sensitive Sb-Na-K-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, Diheptal base *'''XP1004''' – 10-stage photomultiplier with Silica window, UV/blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, Diheptal base *'''XP1005''' – 10-stage Ag-O-Cs (800±100 nm) photomultiplier, IR/red-sensitive Ag-O-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, Diheptal base *'''XP1010''' – 10-stage photomultiplier for r-ray and gamma ray scintillation spectrometry, selected 150AVP for low noise and resolution, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, Duodecal (12-pin) base *'''XP1011''' – 10-stage photomultiplier, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, shock and vibration-proof, Duodecal base *'''XP1020''' – 12-stage photomultiplier, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, 100 Ω [[Coaxial cable|coaxial]] output, Duodecal (20-pin) base *'''XP1021''' – 12-stage photomultiplier, UV/blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, 50 Ω coaxial output, Duodecal base *'''XP1023''' – 12-stage photomultiplier with Silica window Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, UV/blue-sensitive, 50 Ω coaxial output, Duodecal base *'''XP1030''' – 10-stage photomultiplier, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, Diheptal (14-pin) base *'''XP1031''' – 10-stage photomultiplier, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, for gamma ray scintillation spectrometry *'''XP1032''' – 10-stage photomultiplier with 3 mm Silica window, UV/blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, Diheptal base *'''XP1033''' – 10-stage photomultiplier with 10 mm Silica window, UV/blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, Diheptal base *'''XP1040''' – 14-stage photomultiplier, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, concave window, Duodecal base *'''XP1110''' – Photomultiplier, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes *'''XP1111''' – Photomultiplier, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, pigtails *'''XP1113''' – 6-stage Photomultiplier, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes *'''XP1114''' – 4-stage Photomultiplier, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes *'''XP1115''' – Photomultiplier, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, pigtails, shock and vibration-proof *'''XP1116''' – Photomultiplier, red-sensitive Ag-O-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, shock and vibration-proof *'''XP1117''' – 9-stage photomultiplier, blue/green/yellow/orange-sensitive Sb-Na-K-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes *'''XP1118''' – Photomultiplier with Silica window, UV/blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes *'''XP1120''' – 17-stage windowless photomultiplier for X-ray (λ > 200 pm) or UV (λ < 150 nm) [[photon counting]] in a high-vacuum environment up to {{cvt|1e-5|mmHg|mPa|lk=on}}, [[Nickel]] cathode, Cu-Be-O dynodes, coaxial outputs, built-in resistor ladder *'''XP1121''' – 17-stage windowless photomultiplier for ion (> 10 keV) or electron (0.1...10 keV) photon counting in a high-vacuum environment up to 10−5 mmHg, Cu-Be-O cathode and dynodes, coaxial outputs, built-in resistor ladder *'''XP1122''' – 17-stage windowless photomultiplier for X-ray (λ > 200 pm) or UV (λ < 150 nm) photon counting in a high-vacuum environment up to 10−5 mmHg, Nickel cathode, Cu-Be-O dynodes, coaxial outputs, built-in resistor ladder *'''XP1123''' – 17-stage windowless photomultiplier for ion (> 10 keV) or electron (0.1...10 keV) photon counting in a high-vacuum environment up to 10−5 mmHg, Cu-Be-O cathode and dynodes, coaxial outputs, built-in resistor ladder *'''XP1130''' – 17-stage windowless photomultiplier for X-ray (λ > 200 pm) or UV (λ < 150 nm) photon counting in a high-vacuum environment up to 10−5 mmHg, Nickel cathode, Cu-Be-O dynodes, coaxial outputs, built-in resistor ladder *'''XP1131''' – 17-stage windowless photomultiplier for ion (> 10 keV) or electron (0.1...10 keV) photon counting in a high-vacuum environment up to 10−5 mmHg, Cu-Be-O cathode and dynodes, coaxial outputs, built-in resistor ladder *'''XP1140''' – 6-stage photomultiplier, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, fast, Diheptal base *'''XP1141''' – 7-stage photomultiplier, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, fast, Diheptal base *'''XP1180''' = '''52AVP''' – 10-stage photomultiplier, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, fast, Diheptal base *'''XP1240''' – Photomultiplier ===='''XQ'''==== *'''XQ1010''' – 1" ''[[Video camera tube#Vidicon|Vidicon]]'', resolution ≥600 TV lines *'''XQ1020''' ([[Black and white|B/W]]), '''XQ1020L''' (luminance channel), '''XQ1020B''' (blue channel), '''XQ1020G''' (green channel), '''XQ1020R''' (red channel) – {{cvt|6⁄5|in|mm|0|order=flip}} Color TV broadcast-grade ''[[Video camera tube#Plumbicon (1963)|Plumbicon]]'', resolution ≥600 TV lines *'''XQ1021/B/G/R''' – XQ1020 for industrial use *'''XQ1022''' (30mm), '''XQ1072''' (1") – ''Plumbicon'' for use with an [[X-ray image intensifier]] in medical equipment *'''XQ1023/L/R''' – 30mm ''Plumbicon'', resolution ≥700 TV lines *'''XQ1024/R''' – XQ1023 for industrial use *'''XQ1025/L/R''' – XQ1023 with an IR reflection filter *'''XQ1029R''' – Camera tube, red channel *'''XQ1031''' (industrial-grade), '''XQ1032''' (commercial-grade) – 1" ''Vidicon'', magnetic focusing and deflection, [[Antimony trisulfide|Sb2S3]] target *'''XQ1040''', '''XQ1050''' (for [[telecine|film scanning]]), '''XQ1042''', '''XQ1052''' (broadcast-grade), '''XQ1043''', '''XQ1053''' (industrial-grade), '''XQ1044''', '''XQ1054''' (commercial-grade) – 1" ''Vidicon'' *'''XQ1070/L/B/G/R''' – 1" Color TV broadcast-grade ''Plumbicon'', resolution ≥600 TV lines *'''XQ1071/B/G/R''' – XQ1070 for industrial use *'''XQ1073R''' – 1" ''Plumbicon'', extended red response, resolution ≥750 TV lines *'''XQ1073X''' – 1" ''Plumbicon'', matched to X-ray image intensifiers with P20 [[phosphor]] *'''XQ1074''' – XQ1073 for industrial use *'''XQ1075/R''' – XQ1073 with extended red response and an IR reflection filter *'''XQ1076/R''' – XQ1075 for industrial use *'''XQ1200''' – ''Electron Bombarded Silicon Tube'', a ''Vidicon'' with a silicon target *'''XQ1270''' (≥400 TV lines), '''XQ1271''' (≥550 TV lines), '''XQ1272''' (≥500 TV lines) – ⅔" Commercial-grade ''Vidicon'', Sb2S3 target, overall length {{cvt|4+1⁄4|in|cm|1|order=flip}} *'''XQ1274''' – ⅔" ''[[Video camera tube#Newvicon (1973)|Newvicon]]'', magnetic focussing and deflection, [[Zinc selenide|ZnSe]] + [[Cadmium zinc telluride|CdZnTe]] target, for use in low-light security cameras, resolution ≥650 TV lines *'''XQ1275''' – ⅔" ''Newvicon'' camera tube *'''XQ1276''' – XQ1274 with extended red response *'''XQ1277''' – XQ1275 with extended red response *'''XQ1278''' – XQ1275 with better geometry and uniform signal *'''XQ1285''' – 1" ''Vidicon'', magnetic focusing and deflection, precision electron gun, Sb2S3 target, fiber optic interface to X-ray image intensifiers with P11 or P20 phosphors and fiber optic output, for use in medical equipment *'''XQ1290''' – 1" ''Resistron'' camera tube, Sb2S3 target, for use with X-ray image intensifiers in medical equipment *'''XQ1293''' – Camera tube *'''XQ1300''' – ''[[Video camera tube#Saticon (1973)|Saticon]]'' camera tube *'''XQ1340''' – ''Electron Bombarded Silicon Tube'', a low-light ''Vidicon'' with a silicon target{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/other/AEG-Telefunken/AEG-Telefunken_ImageIntensifierTubes_more.pdf |title=Image Intensifier Tubes, Infrared Image Converter, EBSi-Camera Tube |publisher=[[AEG]]-[[Telefunken]] |access-date=2 April 2021}} *'''XQ1371''' – ''Resistron'' camera tube *'''XQ1380''' – XQ1274 with radiation resistant (anti-browning) faceplate *'''XQ1381''' – ⅔" ''Newvicon'', electrostatioc focusing and magnetic deflection with radiation-resistant (anti-browning) faceplate *'''XQ1395''' – High-resolution ''Resistron'' camera tube *'''XQ1410/L/B/G/R''', '''XQ1413R''' (extended red response), '''XQ1415L/R''' (extended red response and IR filter) – XQ1020 with fiber optics and ≥650 TV lines resolution *'''XQ1412''' – 30mm ''Plumbicon'', low lag, [[Gamma correction|unity gamma]] matched to X-ray image intensifiers with P20 phosphor *'''XQ1427/B/G/R''' (color TV broadcast-grade), '''XQ1428''' (industrial-grade) – ⅔" ''Plumbicon'', low lag *'''XQ1430B/G/R''' – Color TV broadcast-grade ''Plumbicon'' *'''XQ1435B/G/R''' – Color TV broadcast-grade ''Plumbicon'' *'''XQ1440''', '''XQ1442''', '''XQ1443''', '''XQ1445''' – 1" ''Newvicon'', separate mesh, ZnSe + CdZnTe target *'''XQ1500/L/B/G/R''', '''XQ1503R''' (extended red response), '''XQ1505R''' (extended red response and IR filter) – 1" Color TV broadcast-grade ''Plumbicon'' *'''XQ1560''' – 1" ''Saticon'' camera tube *'''XQ1565''' – 1" ''Saticon'' camera tube *'''XQ1570/L/B/G/R''' (color TV broadcast-grade), '''XQ1571''' (industrial-grade), '''XQ1573R''' (extended red response), '''XQ1574''' (industrial-grade), '''XQ1575R''' (extended red response and IR filter), '''XQ1576''' (industrial-grade) – 1" ''Plumbicon'' *'''XQ1585''' – 1" ''Saticon'' camera tube *'''XQ1600''' – ½" Commercial-grade ''Vidicon'', separate mesh, electrostatic focusing and magnetic deflection *'''XQ1601''', '''XQ1602''' (radiation-resistant) – ½" ''Newvicon'', separate mesh, electrostatic focusing and magnetic deflection *'''XQ2070/L/B/G/R''' (color TV broadcast-grade), '''XQ2071''' (industrial-grade), '''XQ2073R''' (extended red response), '''XQ2074''' (industrial-grade), '''XQ2075R''' (extended red response and IR filter), '''XQ2076''' (industrial-grade) – 1" ''Plumbicon'' *'''XQ2172/X''' – 1" ''Plumbicon'', wide dynamic range matched to X-ray image intensifiers with P20 phosphor, for use in digital radiography applications *'''XQ2182''' – 1" ''Plumbicon'', wide dynamic range matched to digital radiography applications *'''XQ2427/B/G/R''' (color TV broadcast-grade), '''XQ2428''' (industrial-grade) – ⅔" ''Plumbicon'' *'''XQ3070/L/B/G/R''' (color TV broadcast-grade), '''XQ3071''' (industrial-grade), '''XQ3073R''' (extended red response), '''XQ3074''' (industrial-grade), '''XQ3075R''' (extended red response and IR filter), '''XQ3076''' (industrial-grade) – 1" ''Plumbicon'' *'''XQ3427/B/G/R''' – ⅔" Color TV broadcast-grade ''Plumbicon'' *'''XQ3430B/G/R''' – Color TV broadcast-grade ''Plumbicon'' *'''XQ3435B/G/R''' – Color TV broadcast-grade ''Plumbicon'' *'''XQ3440/L/B/G/R''', '''XQ3443R''' (extended red response), '''XQ3445R''' (extended red response and IR filter) – 30mm Color TV broadcast-grade ''Plumbicon'' *'''XQ3457/B/G/R''' – ⅔" Color TV broadcast-grade ''Plumbicon'' *'''XQ3467/B/G/R''' – ⅔" Color TV broadcast-grade ''Plumbicon'' *'''XQ3477B/G/R''' – Color TV broadcast-grade ''Plumbicon'' *'''XQ3487/B/G/R''' – Color TV broadcast-grade ''Plumbicon'' *'''XQ3550B/G/R''' – Color TV broadcast-grade ''Plumbicon'' *'''XQ3555B/G/R''' – Color TV broadcast-grade ''Plumbicon'' *'''XQ4187/B/G/R''' – ⅔" Color TV broadcast-grade ''Plumbicon'' *'''XQ4502/A''' – 30mm/45mm ''Plumbicon'', highest resolution, low lag, for use with X-ray image intensifiers in medical equipment *'''XQ5002''' – 2" ''Plumbicon'', electrostsatic deflection for improved corner resolution, low output capacitance *'''XQ7002''' – 1" ''Plumbicon'', low output capacitance *'''XQ8002''' – 1" ''Plumbicon'' camera tube *'''XQ9002''' – 1" ''Plumbicon'' camera tube ===='''XR'''==== *'''XR1000''' – [[Monoscope]], [[Test card|test pattern]] specified by suffix ===='''XX'''==== *'''XX1000''' – 2-stage [[image intensifier]] *'''XX1010''' – Image intensifier *'''XX1020''' – Image intensifier *'''XX1030''' – Image intensifier *'''XX1050''' – 1-stage image intensifier with fiber optics, S25 [[photocathode]], P20 [[phosphor]] *'''XX1060''' – 3-stage image intensifier with fiber optics, S25, P20, for use in [[night vision]] equipment{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/other/Mullard/Mullard_NightVision_XX1500_1980.pdf |title=Mullard Night Vision |publisher=[[Mullard]] |access-date=2 April 2021}} *'''XX1066''' – 1. Gen. 3-stage image intensifier, S25, P20 *'''XX1140''' – 1. Gen. 3-stage image intensifier *'''XX1190''' – 1. Gen. inverter, 1-stage image intensifier, S25, P20 *'''XX1192''' – 1. Gen. inverter, 1-stage image intensifier *'''XX1200''' – 1. Gen. inverter, 1-stage image intensifier, S25, P20 *'''XX1211''' – 1. Gen. 3-stage image intensifier, S25, P20 *'''XX1270''' – 1. Gen. inverter, 2-stage image intensifier *'''XX1400''' – 2. Gen. inverter, 1-stage image intensifier, S25, P20 *'''XX1430''' – 1. Gen. inverter, 1-stage image intensifier, S25, P20 *'''XX1510''' – 1. Gen. 3-stage image intensifier *'''XX1610''' – 2. Gen. image intensifier *'''XX1800''' – 2. Gen. proximity focused, 1-stage image intensifier ==='''Y''' - Vacuum tubes=== ===='''YA'''==== *'''YA1000''' – 5 kV, 5 mA Directly heated, [[Thermionic emission|thermally-limited (=''saturated'') emission]] diode, 4.3 V/325 mAmax uncoated tungsten filament, Noval base, for use as an [[True RMS converter|RMS heating current-to-DC anode current converter]] in AC voltage/current stabilizer circuits;{{cite book |author= |title=Wechselspannungs- und Wechselstrom-Stabilisierungsschaltungen mit der Diode YA1000 |pages=189–195 |series=Telefunken Laborbuch |volume=IV |language=de |publisher=AEG-Telefunken |location=Ulm |year=1967}} ([https://www.radiomuseum.org/images/tubeenvdiag_klein/ya_1000_sch.png principal circuit]) cf. 5845, Tesla RA0007 ===='''YD'''==== *'''YD1000''' – 120 kW, Water-cooled RF power triode *'''YD1001''' – 120 kW, Air-cooled RF power triode *'''YD1012''' – 360 kW, Vapor-cooled RF power triode *'''YD1130''' – 580 W, Air-cooled, linear RF/AF power triode *'''YD1252''' (RS 2051 V) – 420 kW, Water-cooled, modulator power triode *'''YD1300''' – 35 W, Air-cooled, UHF power triode *'''YD1301''' – 50 W, Air-cooled, UHF power triode *'''YD1302''' – 55 W, Air-cooled, UHF power triode *'''YD1332''' – 250 W, Air-cooled, UHF power triode *'''YD1333''' – 100 W, Air-cooled, UHF power triode *'''YD1334''' – 110 W, Air-cooled, UHF power triode *'''YD1335''' – 550 W, Air-cooled, UHF power triode *'''YD1336''' – 220 W, Air-cooled, UHF power triode *'''YD1342''' – 30 MHz, 530 kW, Water-cooled RF power triode *'''YD1352S''' = '''8867''' = Amperex '''DX334''' – 5 MHz, 3 kW, Water-cooled ''Neotron'', a gridless ''field-effect tube'' where a magnetically-focused electron beam is modulated by varying the voltage of a gate electrode surrounding it. Used as RF power amplifier or oscillator ===='''YG'''==== *'''YG1000''' – Directly heated [[electrometer]] tetrode with an oxide cathode and a [[Tetrode#Space charge grid tube|space charge grid]], grid current ≤600 fA, Magnoval base with input grid on top cap ===='''YH'''==== *'''YH1000''' – 1.7 to 2.3 GHz, 16 W [[Traveling-wave tube]] for use in L-band [[Microwave transmission#Microwave radio relay|point-to-point radio links]] *'''YH1050''' – 4.4 to 5.0 GHz, 2 W Traveling-wave tube for use in C-band point-to-point radio links *'''YH1110''' – 5.8 to 8.5 GHz, 15 W Traveling-wave tube for use in C-band point-to-point radio links *'''YH1120''' – 5.8 to 8.5 GHz, 10 W Traveling-wave tube for use in C-band point-to-point radio links *'''YH1131''' – 11.7 to 12.7 GHz, 10 W Ku-band Traveling-wave tube *'''YH1150''' – 1.7 to 2.3 GHz, 1 kW Traveling-wave tube for use in L-band satellite ground stations/radar/[[Tropospheric scatter|troposcatter]] *'''YH1160''' – 3.6 to 4.2 GHz, 14 W Traveling-wave tube for use in S-band point-to-point radio links *'''YH1181''' – 4.4 to 5.0 GHz, 1 kW Traveling-wave tube for use in C-band satellite ground stations/radar/troposcatter *'''YH1190''' – 11.7 to 12.7 GHz, 70 W Traveling-wave tube for use in Ku-band satellite ground stations/radar/troposcatter *'''YH1200''' – 5.8 to 7.5 GHz, 12 W C-band Traveling-wave tube *'''YH1210''' – 220 W Traveling-wave tube for use in UHF TV [[Broadcast relay station|transposers]] between 470 and 860 MHz ===='''YJ'''==== *'''YJ1000''' – Indirectly heated, 2.5 kW [[magnetron]] for use as a pulsed [[X band|X-band]] oscillator between 9.19 and 9.32 GHz *'''YJ1420''' – 900 W magnetron for use in domestic [[microwave oven]]s between [[ISM radio band|2.43 and 2.47 GHz]] *'''YJ1462''' – Indirectly heated, 28 kW coaxial magnetron for use as a pulsed X-band oscillator at 9.375 GHz ===='''YK'''==== *'''YK1000''' – Water-cooled, 11 kW UHF permanent magnet-focused linear-beam, 4-cavity [[Klystron]] for use in TV transmitters between 400 and 620 MHz *'''YK1004''' – Water-cooled, 11 kW UHF permanent magnet-focused linear-beam, 4-cavity Klystron for use in TV transmitters between 610 and 790 MHz *'''YK1005''' – Water-cooled, 11 kW UHF permanent magnet-focused linear-beam, 4-cavity Klystron for use in TV transmitters between 470 and 860 MHz *'''YK1010''' – 67 to 74 GHz, 130 mW V-band [[Sutton tube|Reflex Klystron]] *'''YK1046''' – 9.16 to 9.34 GHz, 35 mW X-band Reflex Klystron *'''YK107x''' – 5.9 to 8.1 GHz, 1.2 W C-band Reflex Klystrons, contact-cooled variants of the YK114x *'''YK1090''' (flying leads), '''YK1091''' (B3A 3-pin base) – 10.5 to 12.2 GHz, 400 mW X-band Reflex Klystrons *'''YK1110''' – Water-cooled 6 MWpeak, 2998±5 MHz, electromagnet-focused linear-beam, 3-cavity pulsed Klystron for use in [[linear particle accelerator]]s *'''YK114x''' (KS6/1000x, KS7/1000x) – 5.9 to 8.1 GHz, 1.2 W C-band Reflex Klystrons, forced-air cooled variants of the YK107x *'''YK1151''' – Forced-air cooled, 25 kW UHF permanent magnet-focused linear-beam, 4-cavity Klystron for use in TV transmitters between 470 and 860 MHz *'''YK1190''' – Water-cooled 40 kW UHF electromagnet-focused linear-beam, 4-cavity Klystron for use in TV transmitters between 470 and 610 MHz *'''YK1191''' – Water-cooled 40 kW UHF electromagnet-focused linear-beam, 4-cavity Klystron for use in TV transmitters between 590 and 720 MHz *'''YK1192''' – Water-cooled 40 kW UHF electromagnet-focused linear-beam, 4-cavity Klystron for use in TV transmitters between 710 and 860 MHz *'''YK1200''' – Water-cooled 25 MWpeak, 2998±5 MHz, electromagnet-focused linear-beam, 5-cavity pulsed Klystron for use in linear particle accelerators *'''YK1220''' – Water-cooled 15 kW UHF electromagnet-focused linear-beam, 4-cavity Klystron for use in TV transmitters between 470 and 860 MHz *'''YK1223''' – YK1220 with a modulating anode *'''YK1230''' – Water-cooled 25 kW UHF electromagnet-focused linear-beam, 4-cavity Klystron for use in TV transmitters between 470 and 860 MHz *'''YK1233''' – YK1230 with a modulating anode ===='''YL'''==== *'''YL1000''' = '''8463''' – 50 MHz, 12 W RF power pentode, B9A Noval base, 1.1 V/880 mA quickstart heater *'''YL1020''' = '''8118''' = '''[[#QQZ03/20|{{color|Green|QQZ03/20}}]]''' *'''YL1030''' = '''[[#QQZ06/40|{{color|Green|QQZ06/40}}]]''' *'''YL1050''' – 1215 MHz, 1.6 kW Forced-air cooled, coaxial, ceramic/metal UHF power tetrode, 3.8 V/20.5 A heater *'''YL1060''' = '''7854''' = '''[[#QQE06/40|{{color|Green|QQE06/40}}]]''' *'''YL1070''' = '''8117''' (Center-tapped 12.6/6.3 V heater), '''YL1071''' = '''8116''' (center-tapped 26.5/13.25 V heater) – 60 MHz, 100 W Dual linear RF power tetrode, B7A Septar base *'''YL1080''' = '''8348''' – 200 MHz, 5 W Dual VHF power tetrode, Noval base, internally neutralized, 1.6 V/2.5 A quickstart heater *'''YL1120''' = '''8429''' – 60 MHz, 4 kW Forced-air cooled, coaxial, ceramic/metal, linear RF power tetrode, 16 V/16.5 A heater *'''YL1130''' = '''8408''' – 200 MHz, 4 W Dual VHF power pentode, Noval base, internally neutralized, 1.1 V/2.9 A quickstart heater *'''YL1150''' = '''8579''' – 60 MHz, 75 W Linear RF beam power tetrode, Septar base, center-tapped 12.6/6.3 V heater *'''YL1190''' = '''8580''' – 500 MHz, 8 W Dual UHF power tetrode, B9D Magnoval base, internally neutralized, 1.1 V/4.2 A quickstart heater *'''YL1200''' = '''[[#PE1/100|{{color|Green|PE1/100}}]]''' *'''YL1210''' = '''8457''' – [[#QQE03/12|{{color|Green|QQE03/12}}]] with a center-tapped 12.6/6.3 V heater *'''YL1220''' = '''8577''' – [[#QQE02/5|{{color|Green|QQE02/5}}]] with a center-tapped 13.5/6.75 V heater *'''YL1240''' = '''8458''' – 200 MHz, 10 W Dual VHF power tetrode, B9E Novar base, internally neutralized, center-tapped 13.5/6.75 V heater *'''YL1250''' = '''8505''' – 250 MHz, 30 W VHF beam power tetrode, Magnoval base, center-tapped 13.5/6.75 V heater *'''YL1270''' = '''8581''' – 500 MHz, 18 W Dual UHF power tetrode, B8G Loctal base, internally neutralized, 1.1 V/4 A quickstart heater *'''YL1290''' – [[#QE08/200|{{color|Green|QE08/200}}]] with a 19 V/1.4 A heater *'''YL1310''' = '''8603''' – 75 MHz, 30 W RF beam power tetrode, Magnoval base, 1.2 V/4.2 A quickstart heater *'''YL1360''' – [[#QQE04/5|{{color|Green|QQE04/5}}]] with a 13.5 V/280 mA heater *'''YL1370''' = '''6146B''' (6.3 V/1.125 A heater), '''YL1371''' (12.6 V/562 mA heater), '''YL1372''' (26.5 V/300 mA heater) – 60 MHz, 35 W RF beam power tetrode, K8A Octal base *'''YL1570''' (RS1084CJ) – 250 MHz, 60 kW Water-cooled, coaxial, ceramic/metal, linear VHF power tetrode, 12.5 V/200 A heater ==='''Z''' - [[Gas-filled tube]]s=== '''Note:''' See also [[#Z - Cold-cathode tube|{{color|Green|standard M-P tubes}}]] under Z ===='''ZA'''==== *'''ZA1000''' – Neon-filled, coaxial, [[tritium]]-primed ([[half-life]]: 12.32 years), sputtered-[[molybdenum]] cold-cathode switching diode, meshed cylinder anode, all-glass pigtailed{{cite web |url=https://www.dos4ever.com/ring/ring.html#ZA100X |title=The ZA100x series switching tubes from Philips|access-date=19 August 2013}} *'''ZA1001''' – Neon-filled, coaxial, tritium-primed, sputtered-molybdenum cold-cathode switching diode with traces of heavy gas ([[krypton]]/[[xenon]]) for slow de-ionization, e.g. for low-frequency [[Relaxation oscillator#Pearson–Anson oscillator|relaxation oscillator]]s; meshed cylinder anode, all-glass pigtailed *'''ZA1002''' – Neon-filled, coaxial, tritium-primed, sputtered-molybdenum cold-cathode switching diode, large difference between burning and ignition voltage, meshed cylinder anode, 3-pin all-glass pigtailed *'''ZA1003''' – Neon-filled, coaxial, tritium-primed, sputtered-molybdenum cold-cathode switching diode for use as indicator tube in [[Wiktionary:transistorized|transistorized]] circuits, meshed cylinder anode, 3-pin all-glass pigtailed *'''ZA1004''' – Neon-filled, coaxial, tritium-primed, sputtered-molybdenum cold-cathode switching diode, small difference between burning and ignition voltage, for use as indicator tube in transistorized circuits or as 86.4 V [[Voltage-regulator tube|Voltage reference]], meshed cylinder anode, 3-pin all-glass pigtailed *'''ZA1005''' – Neon-filled, coaxial, tritium-primed, sputtered-molybdenum cold-cathode switching diode for use like a [[DIAC]] in thyristor circuits, meshed cylinder anode, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed ===='''ZC'''==== *'''ZC1010''' (Z661W) – 8 mAavg, 50 mApeak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode AC trigger pentode, two starters and a primer electrode, positive starter voltage, 5-pin all-glass pigtailed, envelope inside radioactively coated for a constant ignition voltage, for use in bidirectional counters *'''ZC1040''' – 25 mA, Gas-filled, cold-cathode AC trigger tetrode, one starter and a primer electrode, positive starter voltage, Noval base *'''ZC1050''' – 2 mA, Gas-filled, cold-cathode, luminiscent trigger tetrode, one starter and a primer, 300 [[Lumen (unit)|mlm]] light output{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/013/z/ZC1050.pdf |title=''ZC1050'' data sheet |publisher=[[Philips]] |date=February 1968 |access-date=21 December 2013}} for use as self-displaying [[shift register]] cells in large-format, crawling-text [[dot-matrix display]]s;{{cite web |url=https://www.dos4ever.com/Z550M/text_display.pdf |author1=Thaens, J. G. M. |author2=van Vlodrop, P. H. G. |publisher=Philips Elcoma Division, Central Application Laboratory, Eindhoven, The Nederlands |title=Electronic Applications Vol. 27 No. 3: ''Running Text Display with Cold-Cathode Trigger Tubes'' |access-date=21 December 2013}} all-glass pigtailed *'''ZC1060''' – 20 mAavg, 5 kApeak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode, high-current trigger triode for e.g. capacitor discharge circuits. One external (capacitive) starter electrode ===='''ZM'''==== *'''ZM1000''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled [[Nixie tube|digital indicator tube]], 14 mm character height side-viewing, left [[Decimal separator|decimal point]] *'''ZM1000R''' – ZM1000 with a red contrast filter coating *'''ZM1001''' –  ''+ - ~ [[Cartesian coordinate system|{{color|#FF4000|X Y Z}}]]''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 14mmCH side-viewing, for use with ZM1000 *'''ZM1001R''' – ZM1001 with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1000R *'''ZM1002''' –  ''ns µs ms s Hz kHz MHz''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 13mmCH side viewing, for use with ZM1000 in [[Frequency counter|digital frequency counters]] *'''ZM1003''' –  ''1 - +''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 14mmCH side-viewing, for use with ZM1000 *'''ZM1005''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Long-life neon-filled digital indicator tube, 14mmCH side-viewing, left decimal point, [[Multiplexed display|multiplex]]-capable *'''ZM1005R''' – ZM1005 with a red contrast filter coating *'''ZM1006''' –  ''1 2 3 4 5 6''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, side-viewing, left and right decimal point, for use in TV receivers *'''ZM1008''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 14mmCH side-viewing *'''ZM1010''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 14mmCH side-viewing, left decimal point *'''ZM1012''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 14mmCH side-viewing *'''ZM1015''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 14mmCH side-viewing *'''{{Visible anchor|ZM1020}}''' = '''Z520M''' – ZM1022 with a red contrast filter coating *'''{{Visible anchor|ZM1021}}''' = '''Z521M''' – ZM1023 with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1020 *'''{{Visible anchor|ZM1022}}''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5mmCH top-viewing, no decimal point *'''ZM1023''' –  ''A V Ω % + - ~''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5mmCH top-viewing, for use with ZM1022 in [[Multimeter|digital multimeters]] *'''ZM1024''' – ZM1025 with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1020 *'''ZM1025''' –  ''[[Cycle per second|{{color|#FF4000|c/s Kc/s Mc/s}}]] µs ms ns s''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5mmCH top-viewing, for use with ZM1022 in digital frequency counters *'''ZM1030''' – ZM1032 with a red contrast filter coating *'''ZM1031''' – ZM1031/01 without the  ~  *'''ZM1031/01''' – ZM1033/01 with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1030 *'''ZM1032''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5mmCH side-viewing, no decimal point, 5 dual cathodes and separate odd/even anode compartments for [[Multiplexed display|biquinary multiplexing]] *'''ZM1033/01''' –  ''+ - ~''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5mmCH side-viewing, separate anode compartment for  + , for use with ZM1032 *'''{{Visible anchor|ZM1040}}''' = '''Z522M''' – ZM1042 with a red contrast filter coating *'''ZM1041''' – ZM1043 with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1040 *'''ZM1041S''' – ZM1043S with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1040 *'''{{Visible anchor|ZM1042}}''' = '''Z5220M''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 30mmCH side-viewing, no decimal point *'''ZM1043''' –  ''+ -''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 30mmCH side-viewing, for use with ZM1042 *'''ZM1043S''' –  ''Y X + W U Z -''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 30mmCH side-viewing, for use with ZM1042 *'''ZM1047''' – ZM1049 with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1040 *'''ZM1049''' –  ''T F S N Z Y G H M X''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, side-viewing, for use with ZM1042 in [[numerical control]] systems *'''{{Visible anchor|ZM1050}}'''[[File:Zm 1070 vallo x911t r9a.jpg|170 px|thumb|right|ZM1070]] = '''Z550M''' = '''8453''' – Neon-filled digital indicator tube, top-viewing, [[dekatron]]-type readout with common anode and common cathodes, pulsating anode voltage, controlled by 5-volts sensitive starter electrodes, for [[Wiktionary:transistorized|transistorized]] circuits *'''ZM1060''' = '''Z505S''' – Argon-filled, 50 kHz decade ''Counter/Selector Dekatron'' *'''ZM1070''' = '''Z504S''' = '''8433''' – Neon-filled, 5 kHz decade ''Counter/Selector Dekatron'' *'''ZM1080''' – ZM1082 with a red contrast filter coating *'''ZM1081''' – ZM1083 with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1080 *'''ZM1082''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 14mmCH side-viewing, no decimal point, probe electrode *'''ZM1083''' –  ''+ - ~''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 14mmCH side-viewing, for use with ZM1082 *'''ZM1100''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5mmCH top-viewing *'''ZM1120''' – ZM1122 with a red contrast filter coating *'''ZM1122''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Miniature neon-filled digital indicator tube, 7.8mmCH top-viewing *'''ZM1130''' – ZM1132 with a red contrast filter coating *'''ZM1131''' – ZM1133 with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1080 *'''ZM1132''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, side-viewing, left and right decimal point *'''ZM1133''' –  ''+ - ~''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, side-viewing, for use with ZM1132 *'''ZM1136L/R''' – ZM1138L/R with a red contrast filter coating *'''ZM1137''' – ZM1139 with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1136L/R *'''ZM1138L/R''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 13mmCH side-viewing, left or right decimal points (specify) *'''ZM1139''' –  ''+ - ~ Ω''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 13mmCH side-viewing, for use with ZM1138 in [[Multimeter|digital multimeters]] *'''ZM1162''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Long-life neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5mmCH top-viewing, no decimal point, rectangular envelope for close stacking in both axes *'''ZM1170''' – ZM1172 with a red contrast filter coating *'''ZM1172''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5mmCH side-viewing, no decimal point *'''ZM1174''' – ZM1175 with a red contrast filter coating *'''ZM1175''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5mmCH side-viewing, left decimal point *'''ZM1176''' – ZM1177 with a red contrast filter coating *'''ZM1177''' – ZM1175, but right decimal point *'''ZM1180''' – ZM1182 with a red contrast filter coating *'''ZM1181''' – ZM1183 with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1180 *'''ZM1182''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 16mmCH top-viewing, no decimal point, semi-rectangular envelope for close horizontal stacking *'''ZM1183''' –  ''+ - ~ Ω''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, top-viewing, 13mmCH for use with ZM1182 in [[Multimeter|digital multimeters]] *'''ZM1184D''' – ZM1185D with a red contrast filter coating *'''ZM1185A''' (GR1420) –  ''1 2 3 4 5 6 U K E R''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 16mmCH top-viewing *'''ZM1185D''' (GR1430) –  ∇ Δ  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 16mmCH top-viewing, for use in [[elevator]]s *'''ZM1185E''' (GR1472) –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 - t kg +''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 16mmCH top-viewing *'''ZM1200''' – ''Pandicon'', multiplexed 14-digit display tube with decimal points and [[Decimal separator#Digit grouping|punctuation marks]], pin connections on both ends *'''ZM1202''' – 12-Digit ''Pandicon'' *'''ZM1204''' – 10-Digit ''Pandicon'' *'''ZM1206''' – 8-Digit ''Pandicon'' *'''ZM1210'''[[File:ZM1210-operating edit2.jpg|110 px|thumb|right|ZM1212]] – ZM1212 with a red contrast filter coating *'''ZM1212''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5mmCH side-viewing, left decimal point, all-glass pigtailed *'''ZM1220''' – ZM1222 with a red contrast filter coating *'''ZM1222''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Large neon-filled digital indicator tube, 40mmCH side-viewing *'''ZM1230''' – ZM1232 with a red contrast filter coating *'''ZM1232''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5mmCH upside-down side-viewing, no decimal point *'''ZM1240''' – ZM1242 with a red contrast filter coating *'''ZM1241''' – ZM1243 with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1240 *'''ZM1242''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 16mmCH side-viewing, right decimal point *'''ZM1243''' –  ''+ - ~ Ω''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 16mmCH side-viewing, for use with ZM1242 in [[Multimeter|digital multimeters]] *'''ZM1250''' – Planar, neon-filled, one-character alphanumeric 5×7 [[dot-matrix display]] with a left decimal point, 9.8mmCH, all 36 cathodes directly accessible *'''ZM1263''' –  ~ ⚫  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 10mmCH side-viewing *'''ZM1290''' – ZM1292 with a red contrast filter coating *'''ZM1292''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 10mmCH side-viewing *'''ZM1330''' – ZM1332 with a red contrast filter coating *'''ZM1331''' – ZM1333 with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1330 *'''ZM1332''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 13.1mmCH side-viewing, left and right decimal points, all-glass pigtailed *'''ZM1333''' –  ''+ - ~ Ω''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 13.1mmCH side-viewing, all-glass pigtailed, for use with ZM1332 in [[Multimeter|digital multimeters]] *'''ZM1334''' – ZM1336 with a red contrast filter coating *'''ZM1335''' – ZM1337 with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1334 *'''ZM1336''' –  ''0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 13.1mmCH side-viewing, left and right decimal points, [[Multiplexed display|multiplex]]-capable *'''ZM1337''' –  ''+ - ~ Ω''  Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 13.0mmCH side-viewing, right decimal point (!), all-glass pigtailed, red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1336 in [[Multimeter|digital multimeters]] *'''ZM1350''' – ''Varisymbol'', planar neon-filled digital 40mm × 27mm [[fourteen-segment display]] tube, right decimal point, separate [[Cursor (user interface)#Text cursor|''underscore'' text cursor]], keep-alive cathode, [[Multiplexed display|multiplex]]-capable, viewing angle 160° *'''ZM1360''' – ZM1350 with 60mm × 40mm characters *'''ZM1370''' – ZM1350 with 20mm × 13mm characters *'''ZM1410''' – ZM1412 with a red contrast filter coating *'''ZM1412''' – Neon-filled digital [[seven-segment display]] tube, 8.6mmCH side-viewing, right decimal point and left [[Decimal separator#Digit grouping|punctuation mark]], all-glass pigtailed *'''ZM1500''' – ''Pandicon'', multiplexed 12-digit, 7-segment display tube *'''ZM1550''' – Planar neon-filled digital two-digit [[seven-segment display]] tube, right decimal points *'''ZM1551''' – Planar neon-filled digital 1½-digit [[seven-segment display]] tube with  +  and  -  signs, right decimal points '''Note:''' More Nixie tubes under ''[[#ZM|{{color|Green|standard - ZM}}]]'' and ''[[#ETL_Examples|{{color|Green|ETL examples}}]]'' ===='''ZP'''==== *'''ZP1000''' – Borium tri-fluoride-filled [[Geiger–Müller tube|Geiger-Müller tube]], [[Neutron temperature#Thermal neutrons|thermal]] [[neutron]]s *'''ZP1010''' – Borium tri-fluoride-filled Geiger-Müller tube, thermal neutrons *'''ZP1020''' – Borium tri-fluoride-filled Geiger-Müller tube, thermal neutrons *'''ZP1070''' – Subminiature Geiger-Müller tube, all-glass pigtailed *'''ZP1080''' – Halogen-quenched Geiger-Müller tube, [[Beta particle|β]] and [[Gamma ray|γ]] *'''ZP1100''' – Halogen-quenched Geiger-Müller tube, γ; pigtailed *'''ZP1200''' – Halogen-quenched Geiger-Müller tube, γ *'''ZP1300''' – Halogen-quenched Geiger-Müller tube, γ and high-energy β *'''ZP1330''' – Halogen-quenched Geiger-Müller tube, for use in damp and/or saline atmosphere, β and γ *'''ZP1400''' – Halogen-quenched Geiger-Müller tube, 9mm diameter mica window, β and γ *'''ZP1430''' – Halogen-quenched Geiger-Müller tube, 27.8mm diameter mica window, [[Alpha particle|α]], β, γ *'''ZP1490''' – Halogen-quenched Geiger-Müller tube, 28mm diameter mica window, low-level α, β and γ *'''ZP1600''' – Halogen-quenched Geiger-Müller tube, 19.8 mm diameter mica window, [[X-ray]]s, 6.0 to 20 [[Electronvolt|keV]] energy, 60 to 200 pm wavelength range *'''ZP1610''' – Side window, organically quenched Geiger-Müller tube. 7 × 18 mm mica window; X-rays, 2.5 to 40 keV energy, 30 to 500 pm wavelength range *'''ZP1700''' – Halogen-quenched, cosmic-ray guard counter tube for low-background measurements; to be used with another radiation counter tube in an [[Electronic anticoincidence|anticoincidence]] circuit *'''ZP1800''' – Halogen-quenched Geiger-Müller tube for use at temperatures up to 200 °C, γ *'''ZP1810''' – Halogen-quenched Geiger-Müller tube for use at temperatures up to 200 °C, γ, low sensitivity, up to 40 [[Gray (unit)|mGy/h]] *'''ZP1860''' – Halogen-quenched Geiger-Müller tube, β and γ ===='''ZT'''==== *'''ZT1000''' = '''8270''' – 21 kV, 10 A [[Thyratron|Mercury-vapor triode thyratron]] *'''ZT1011''' = '''XR1/1600A''' = '''8063''' – 1 kV, 1.6 kW Inert gas-filled triode thyratron with anode top cap ===='''ZX'''==== *'''ZX1000''' – 800 V, 1140 Apk, 13Aavg [[Ignitron]] *'''ZX1051''' – Water-cooled, 56 Aavg Ignitron *'''ZX1052''' – Water-cooled, 140 Aavg Ignitron *'''ZX1053''' – Water-cooled, 355 Aavg Ignitron *'''ZX1060''' – Water-cooled, 10 Aavg Ignitron *'''ZX1061''' – Water-cooled, 10 Aavg Ignitron *'''ZX1062''' – Water-cooled, 10 Aavg Ignitron *'''ZX1063''' – Water-cooled, 10 Aavg Ignitron ===='''ZY'''==== *'''ZY1000''' ('''[[#872|{{color|Green|872B}}]]''') – High voltage, half-wave [[Mercury-arc valve|mercury-vapor rectifier]] *'''ZY1001''' = '''8008A''' – High voltage, half-wave mercury-vapor rectifier, 4-pin base with anode top cap *'''ZY1002''' – High voltage, half-wave mercury-vapor rectifier, E40 ''Goliath'' Edison screw lamp base with anode top cap ===='''ZZ'''==== *'''ZZ1000''' = '''8228''' – 81 V [[Voltage-regulator tube|Voltage reference]], 2-pin all-glass pigtailed *'''ZZ1010''' – 85 V Voltage reference *'''ZZ1020''' (STV85-8) – 82 V Voltage reference with primer electrode, 3-pin all-glass pigtailed *'''ZZ1030''' (STV500-0,1) – Quad 125 V Voltage references, Noval base, used all series-connected to stabilize the [[dynode]] voltages of [[Photomultiplier tube|photomultipliers]] *'''ZZ1031''' – Quad Voltage reference, Noval base *'''ZZ1040''' (STV100-60Z) – 100 V Voltage reference with primer electrode *'''ZZ1050''' – 82 V Voltage reference, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed ==List of European transmitting tubes== '''Note:''' Typecode explained [[#Transmitting tubes|{{color|Green|above}}]]. ==={{anchor|EuTxB}}'''B''' - Backward-wave amplifier=== ===='''BA'''==== *'''BA9/20''' = '''7635''' – [[X band|X-band]], 20 mW, Forced-air cooled [[backward-wave oscillator]] *'''BA16/10''' = '''7636''' – [[Ku band|Ku-band]], 10 mW, Backward-wave oscillator ==={{anchor|EuTxD}}'''D''' - Rectifier incl. grid-controlled=== ===='''DA'''==== *'''DA1.5/75''' – 1.5 kV, 75 W Half-wave rectifier, triode TA1.5/75 without grid *'''DA12/24000''' – 12 kV, 24 kW Water-cooled half-wave rectifier ===='''DC'''==== *'''DC1/50''' – 1 kV, 50 mA Full-wave rectifier, DC1/60 with dual anode top cap *'''DC1/60''' – 1 kV, 60 mA Full-wave rectifier *'''DC2/200''' – 2 kV, 200 mA Full-wave rectifier with dual anode top cap ===='''DCG'''==== *'''DCG1/125''' – 1 kV, 125 mA Half-wave [[Mercury-arc valve|mercury-vapor rectifier]] with [[Edison screw]] lamp base and anode top cap *'''DCG4/1000G''' (866A) – Mercury-vapor rectifier *'''DCG5/5000GB''' (872A) – Mercury-vapor rectifier *'''DCG5/5000GS''' (8008A, ZY1001) – Mercury-vapor rectifier *'''DCG6/18''' (6693) – Mercury-vapor rectifier *'''DCG9/20''' (6508) – Mercury-vapor rectifier *'''DCG12/30''' (5870) – 12 kV, 30 A Grid-controlled, half-wave mercury-vapor rectifier with anode top cap ===='''DCX'''==== *'''DCX4/1000''' (3B28) – 4 kV, 1 kW Half-wave xenon rectifier with anode top cap *'''DCX4/5000''' (4B32) – 4 kV, 5 kW Half-wave xenon rectifier with anode top cap ===='''DE'''==== *'''DE2/200''' – 2 kV, 200 W Full-wave rectifier with dual anode top cap ==={{anchor|EuTxJ}}'''J''' - Magnetron=== ===='''JNT'''==== *'''JNT1/500''' – 1.22 to 1.35 GHz, 600 kW Forced-air cooled, external-magnet, mechanically tunable, pulsed L-band [[magnetron]] ===='''JP'''==== *'''JP8/02B''' – 8.8 GHz, 25 W Forced-air cooled, pulsed magnetron used in airborne X-band [[Pulse-Doppler radar|Doppler radar systems]] *'''JP9/15''' – 9.345 to 9.405 GHz, 15 kW Forced-air cooled magnetron for pulsed service ===='''JPG'''==== *'''JPG9/01''' – 9.15 to 9.60 GHz, 5 W Forced-air cooled, mechanically tunable magnetron ===='''JPT'''==== *'''JPT9/01''' – JPG9/01 with a different mechanical tuning arrangement ==={{anchor|EuTxK}}'''K''' - Klystron=== ===='''KB'''==== *'''KB9/150W''' – [[X band|X-band]], 150 W Water-cooled, 2-cavity [[Klystron]] ===='''KS'''==== *'''KS6/1000x''', '''KS7/1000x''' (YK114x) – 5.9 to 8.1 GHz, 1.2 W [[Sutton tube|Reflex Klystrons]] *'''KS7/85''' – 6.5 to 7.5 GHz, 85 mW Reflex Klystron *'''KS9/20''' = '''723A/B''' (2K25) – 8.7 to 9.5 GHz, 20 mW Reflex Klystron *'''KS9/30''' (6975) – 8.5 to 9.6 GHz, 30 mW Reflex Klystron *'''KS9/40''' – 9.3 to 9.5 GHz, 40 mW Reflex Klystron ==={{anchor|EuTxL}}'''L''' - Traveling-wave tube=== ===='''LA'''==== *'''LA4/250''' = '''7637''' – 3.6 to 4.2 GHz, 200 mW ''[[Traveling-wave tube|Forward-wave amplifier]]'' *'''LA9/3''' = '''7638''' – 7 to 11.5 GHz, 6 mW ''Forward-wave amplifier'' *'''LA16/2''' = '''7639''' – 11.5 to 18 GHz, 3 mW ''Forward-wave amplifier'' ===='''LB'''==== *'''LB4/8''' – 3.8 to 4.2 GHz, 8 W ''Forward-wave amplifier'' *'''LB6/12''' – 6 GHz, 12 W ''Forward-wave amplifier'' *'''LB6/25''' – 5.9 to 6.5 GHz, 25 W ''Forward-wave amplifier'' ==={{anchor|EuTxM}}'''M''' - AF modulator Triode=== ===='''MA'''==== *'''MA4/600''' – 4 kV, 600 W Radiation-cooled triode ===='''MB'''==== *'''MB1/50''' – 1 kV, 50 W Radiation-cooled triode *'''MB2/200''' – 2 kV, 200 W Radiation-cooled triode ===='''MC'''==== *'''MC1/50''' – 1 kV, 50 W Radiation-cooled triode *'''MC1/60''' – 1 kV, 60 W Radiation-cooled triode *'''MC2/200''' – 2 kV, 200 W Radiation-cooled triode ===='''MY'''==== *'''MY3/275''' – 3 kV, 275 W Radiation-cooled triode ===='''MZ'''==== *'''MZ2/200''' – 2 kV, 200 W Radiation-cooled triode ==={{anchor|EuTxP}}'''P''' - Pentode=== ===='''PA'''==== *'''PA12/15''' – 15 kW Water-cooled shortwave pentode *'''PA12/20''' – 20 kW Water-cooled pentode made by Philips and used in the 1930s and 1940s ===='''PAL'''==== *'''PAL12/15''' – Air-cooled variant of PAW12/15 ===='''PAW'''==== *'''PAW12/15''' – 15 kW Water-cooled shortwave pentode ===='''PB'''==== *'''PB2/200''' – 200 W Shortwave pentode *'''PB3/1000''' – 1 kW Shortwave pentode ===='''PC'''==== *'''PC03/3''' – 3 W Shortwave pentode *'''PC3/1000''' – 1 kW Shortwave pentode ===='''PE'''==== *'''PE04/10''' – 10 W Shortwave pentode *'''{{Visible anchor|PE1/100}}''' (6083, YL1200) – 100 W Shortwave pentode ==={{anchor|EuTxQ}}'''Q''' - Tetrode=== ===='''QB'''==== *'''QB2/75''' – 75 W [[Beam tetrode|Beam power tetrode]] *'''QB2/250''' (813) – Beam power tetrode *'''QB3/200''' (8165, Eimac 4-65A) – Beam power tetrode, 5-pin ''Septar'' base with anode top cap *'''QB3/300''' (6155, 4D21, Eimac 4-125A) – Beam power tetrode *'''QB3.5/750''' (6156, 5D22, Eimac 4-250A) – Beam power tetrode *'''QB4/1100''' (7527) – Beam power tetrode *'''QB5/1750''' (6179) – Beam power tetrode *'''QB5/2000''' – 2 kW Beam power tetrode ===='''QBL'''==== *'''QBL4/800''' (Eimac 4X500A) – Air-cooled 800 W beam power tetrode *'''QBL5/3500''' (6076) – Air-cooled 3500 W beam power tetrode ===='''QBW'''==== *'''QBW5/3500''' (6075) – Water-cooled 3500 W beam power tetrode ===='''QC'''==== *'''QC05/15''' – 15 W Beam power tetrode *'''QC05/35''' (8042) – 35 W Beam power tetrode ===='''QE'''==== *'''QE04/10''' – 10 W Beam power tetrode *'''QE05/40''' (6146) – 40 W Radiation-cooled beam power tetrode, popular amongst radio amateurs as a final RF amplifier *'''QE06/50''' ([[807 (vacuum tube)|807]]) – 50 W Radiation-cooled beam power tetrode *'''{{Visible anchor|QE08/200}}''' (7378) – 200 W Beam power tetrode ===='''QEL'''==== *'''QEL1/150''' (7034, Eimac 4X150A) – Air-cooled 150 W beam power tetrode *'''QEL1/250''' – Air-cooled 250 W beam power tetrode ===='''QEP'''==== *'''QEP20/18''' – 18 W Beam power tetrode for use as a pulse modulator ===='''QQC'''==== *'''QQC03/14''' (7983) – 14 W Dual beam power tetrode *'''QQC04/15''' (5895) – Dual beam power tetrode ===='''QQE'''==== *'''{{Visible anchor|QQE02/5}}''' (6939) – 5 W Dual beam power tetrode *'''{{Visible anchor|QQE03/12}}''' (6360) – 12 W Dual beam power tetrode *'''QQE03/20''' (6252) – 20 W Dual beam power tetrode *'''{{Visible anchor|QQE04/5}}''' (7377) – 5 W Dual beam power tetrode *'''QQE04/20''' (832A) – Dual beam power tetrode *'''{{Visible anchor|QQE06/40}}''' (5894, YL1060) – 40 W dual beam power tetrode, internally neutralized, ''Septar'' base with dual anode top cap ===='''QQV'''==== *'''QQV02/6''' – 6 W Dual beam power tetrode *'''QQV03/20A''' – 20 W Radiation-cooled split-anode tetrode made by Mullard and used in the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s as a VHF frequency-doubling output stage with balanced output *'''QQV07/50''' – 50 W Dual beam power tetrode ===='''QQZ'''==== *'''{{Visible anchor|QQZ03/20}}''' (8118, YL1020) – 20 W Dual beam power tetrode *'''{{Visible anchor|QQZ06/40}}''' (YL1030) – 40 W Dual beam power tetrode ===='''QV'''==== *'''QV04/7''' – 7 W Beam power tetrode *'''QV05/25''' ([[807 (vacuum tube)|807]]) – 25 W Radiation-cooled beam power tetrode made by Mullard *'''QV2/250C''' – 250 W Beam power tetrode ===='''QY'''==== *'''QY3/65''' – 65 W Beam power tetrode *'''QY5/3000A''' – 3 kW Beam power tetrode *'''QY5/3000W''' – Water-cooled variant of QY5-3000A ===='''QYS'''==== *'''QYS50/P40''' – Pulsed power tetrode, [[Fused quartz|Silica]] envelope, 50 kV anode voltage, considerable [[X-ray tube#Hazards of X-ray production from vacuum tubes|X-radiation]], 810 °C anode temperature at 700 W anode dissipation, 40 A anode current at duty factor 0.0005, Ug1[[Cut-off (electronics)#Tubes|Cut-off]] (IA=1 mA@UA=55 kV): > -3.4 kV, [[Transconductance|gm]]: 38 [[Siemens (unit)|mS]] ===='''QZ'''==== *'''QZ06/20''' – 25 W VHF power tetrode up to 175 MHz ==={{anchor|EuTxR}}'''R''' - Rectifier=== ===='''RG'''==== *'''RG1000/3000''' – 1 kV, 3 A Half-wave [[Mercury-arc valve|mercury-vapor rectifier]] with anode top cap *'''RG4/1250''' = EnglishElectricValve '''AH221''' = M-O '''GU21''' – Half-wave mercury-vapor rectifier, E40 ''Goliath'' [[Edison screw]] lamp base ===='''RGQ'''==== *'''RGQ7.5/0.6''' – 7.5 kV, 600 mA Half-wave mercury-vapor rectifier with anode top cap *'''RGQ20/5''' – 20 kV, 5 A Half-wave mercury-vapor rectifier with anode top cap ===='''RR'''==== *'''RR3/1250''' – 3.1 kV, 1.25 A Half-wave inert-gas filled rectifier with anode top cap ===='''RY'''==== *'''RY12/100''' – 12.5 kV, 100 mA Half-wave vacuum rectifier with anode top cap ==={{anchor|EuTxT}}'''T''' - AF/RF/oscillator Triode=== ===='''TA'''==== *'''TA04/5''' – 400 V, 50 W Radiation-cooled power triode *'''TA1.5/75''' – 1.5 kV, 75 W Radiation-cooled power triode *'''TA4/2000K''' – 4 kV, 2 kW Air-cooled power triode made by Philips in the 1930s *'''TA18/100000''' – 18 kV, 100 kW Water-cooled power triode ===='''TAL'''==== *'''TAL12/10''' – 12 kV, 10 kW Forced-air cooled power triode *'''TAL12/20''' – 12 kV, 20 kW Forced-air cooled power triode *'''TAL12/35''' – 12 kV, 35 kW Forced-air cooled power triode ===='''TAW'''==== *'''TAW12/10''' – 12 kV, 10 kW Water-cooled power triode *'''TAW12/20''' – 12 kV, 20 kW Water-cooled power triode *'''TAW12/35G''' – 12 kV, 35 kW Water-cooled power triode, 3-phase filaments ===='''TB'''==== *'''TB04/8''' – Directly heated ''Doorknob'' VHF power triode up to 600 MHz *'''TB2.5/400''' – 2.5 kV, 300 W Radiation-cooled power triode *'''TB3/750''' (5867) – Radiation-cooled power triode *'''TB4/1250''' (5868) – Radiation-cooled power triode *'''TB5/2500''' (7092) – 5 kV, 2.5 kW Radiation-cooled power triode ===='''TBH'''==== *'''TBH6/14''' – 6 kV, 14 kW Water/helix-cooled power triode *'''TBH6/6000''' – 6 kV, 6 kW Water/helix-cooled power triode *'''TBH7/8000''' – 7 kV, 8 kW Water/helix-cooled power triode *'''TBH7/9000''' – 7 kV, 9 kW Water/helix-cooled power triode *'''TBH12/25''' – 12 kV, 25 kW Water/helix-cooled power triode *'''TBH12/38''' – 12 kV, 38 kW Water/helix-cooled power triode ===='''TBL'''==== *'''TBL2/300''' (7004) – 2 kV, 300 W Forced-air cooled power triode *'''TBL6/14''' (7804) – Forced-air cooled power triode *'''TBL6/4000''' (7753) – Forced-air cooled power triode *'''TBL6/6000''' (5924) – Forced-air cooled power triode *'''TBL7/8000''' (6961) – Forced-air cooled power triode *'''TBL12/38''' (7806) – Forced-air cooled power triode *'''TBL12/100''' (6078) – Forced-air cooled power triode *'''TBL15/125''' – 15 kV, 125 kW Forced-air cooled power triode; TBL12/100 with 3-phase filaments ===='''TBW'''==== *'''TBW6/14''' (7805) – 6 kV, 14 kW Water-cooled power triode *'''TBW6/6000''' (5923) – Water-cooled power triode *'''TBW7/8000''' (6960) – Water-cooled power triode *'''TBW12/38''' (7807) – Water-cooled power triode *'''TBW12/100''' (6077) – Water-cooled power triode *'''TBW15/125''' – 15 kV, 125 kW Water-cooled power triode; TBW12/100 with 3-phase filaments ===='''TC'''==== *'''TC03/5''' – RF power triode up to 85 MHz, 5 W *'''TC2/250''' – RF power triode up to 20 MHz, 250 W ===='''TD'''==== *'''TD03/5''' – Indirectly heated ''disk-seal'' UHF power triode up to 2 GHz *'''TD03/10''' – Indirectly heated ''disk-seal'' UHF power triode up to 2.8 W, 3.75 GHz :*'''TD03/10F''' – TD03/10 with internal feedback for use as an oscillator *'''TD04/20''' – Indirectly heated ''disk-seal'' UHF power triode up to 13.5 W, 1 GHz *'''TD1/100C''' (2C39BA) – Indirectly heated, ceramic ''disk-seal'' UHF power triode up to 24 W, 3.5 GHz{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/other/Mullard/PD/disc_seal_triodes.pdf |title=Disc Seal Triodes |year=1965 |publisher=[[Mullard]] |access-date=12 February 2016}} *'''TD2/400''' – Directly heated, ceramic ''disk-seal'' UHF power triode up to 600 W, 900 MHz *'''TD2/500''' – Directly heated, ceramic ''disk-seal'' UHF power triode up to 500 W, 940 MHz ===='''TE'''==== *'''TE05/10''' – RF power triode up to 150 MHz ===='''TX'''==== *'''TX12/12W''' – Water-cooled RF power triode *'''TX12/20W''' – Water-cooled RF power triode *'''TX10/4000''' – Power triode, [[Fused quartz|Silica]] envelope, 12 kV anode voltage, 4 kW anode dissipation, 1.6 A cathode current, [[Transconductance|gm]]: 4.5 [[Siemens (unit)|mS]], for use as self-excited high-power oscillator in [[induction heating]] equipment ===='''TY'''==== *'''TY2/125''' – 135 W VHF power triode up to 200 MHz *'''TY12/50A''' – Forced-air cooled 45 kW RF power triode up to 30 MHz *'''TY12/50W''' – Water-cooled 50 kW RF power triode up to 30 MHz ===='''TYS'''==== *'''TYS2/250''' – Power triode, [[Fused quartz|Silica]] envelope, 2.5 kV anode voltage, 250 W anode dissipation *'''TYS4/500''' – Power triode, Silica envelope *'''TYS5/1000''' – Power triode, Silica envelope *'''TYS5/2000''' – Power triode, Silica envelope *'''TYS5/3000''' – Power triode, Silica envelope, 6 kV anode voltage, 950 °C anode temperature at 3.5 kW anode dissipation, 2.8 A cathode current, [[Transconductance|gm]]: 15 [[Siemens (unit)|mS]]. Used in RF generators for [[induction hardening]] ==={{anchor|EuTxX}}'''X''' - Thyratron=== ===='''XGQ'''==== *'''XGQ2/6400''' – 2 kV, 6.4 kW Mercury-vapor tetrode [[thyratron]] with anode and grid1 top caps ===='''XR'''==== *'''XR1/1600''' (5545) – 1 kV, 1.6 kW Inert gas-filled triode thyratron with anode top cap :*'''XR1/1600A''' = '''ZT1011''' = '''8063''' – Improved XR1/1600 *'''XR1/3200A''' (7981) – 1.5 kV, 40 A Inert gas-filled triode thyratron with anode top cap *'''XR1/6400''' – 1 kV, 6.4 kW Inert gas-filled triode thyratron with anode top cap =={{anchor|O1935}}List of other tubes since c. 1935{{anchor|List of other number tubes}}== ==={{anchor|O1}}'''1'''=== *'''131QP55''' ([[phosphor|blue-green, very short persistence]]), '''131QP56''' (blue-violet, very short) – [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]]-type [[flying-spot scanner]]s for use in a [[telecine]] *'''175HQ''' – Ultra high reliability pentode for use in long-haul [[submarine communications cable]] [[repeater]]s{{cite web |url=http://www.ase-museoedelpro.org/Museo_Edelpro/Catalogo/tubes/records_nw/175HQ/175HQ_bstj36-1-163.pdf |title=Electron tubes for the transatlantic cable system |series=The [[Bell System]] technical journal |date=January 1957 |author1=McNally, J.O. |author2=Metson, G.H. |author3=Veazie, E.A. |author4=Holmes, M.F. |pages=163ff |access-date=9 February 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.org/details/bstj36-1-163 |archive-date=2013-08-18}} *'''1063A''' – Three-phase, half-wave, Argon/Mercury-vapor ''[[Rectifier#Tungar|Tungar bulb]]'', a low-voltage rectifier for charging 90-cell lead-acid batteries at 6 A per phase; 1.9 V, 11 A heater *'''1069K''' – Full-wave ''Tungar bulb'' for DC welding service at 60 A; 3.25 V, 70 A heater, forced-air cooling *'''1533A''' – Three-phase, half-wave, Argon/Mercury-vapor ''Tungar bulb'', a low-voltage rectifier for charging 110-cell lead-acid batteries at 15 A per phase; 1.9 V, 23 A heater *'''1543A''' – Three-phase, half-wave, Argon/Mercury-vapor ''Tungar bulb'', a low-voltage rectifier for charging 110-cell lead-acid batteries at 25 A per phase; 1.9 V, 36 A heater *'''1553A''' – Three-phase, half-wave, Argon/Mercury-vapor ''Tungar bulb'', a low-voltage rectifier for charging 110-cell lead-acid batteries at 40 A per phase; 1.9 V, 70 A heater ===='''1600'''s==== *'''1602''' – Directly heated low-[[microphonics]] AF power triode, 7.5 V filament, 12 watts of AF operating in [[Power amplifier classes#Class A|Class-A]], 15 watts of low RF operating in [[Power amplifier classes#Class C|Class-C]]; similar to type 10 *'''1603''' – Indirectly heated low-microphonics, noise, and hum, AF pentode, 6.3 V/300 mA heater, UX6 base; similar to types 57, 6C6, 6D6 and 6U7 *'''1608''' – Directly heated power triode giving 20 watts at up to 45 MHz, 2.5 V/2.5 A filament, UX4 base; similar to type 801 *'''1609''' – Directly heated low-microphonics AF pentode, 1.1 V/250 mA filament, UY5 base *'''1610''' – Directly heated pentode specially designed for use as a [[crystal oscillator]], 2.5 V/1.75 A filament, American 5-pin base *'''1611''' – Power pentode for use in maritime, automatic {{Overline|[[SOS]]}} [[Ship's emergency transmitter|transmitters]]; 6F6 with tightened specs *'''1612''' – Heptode [[pentagrid converter]], both control grids (1 and 3) are sharp-cutoff; low-microphonics version of type 6L7 *'''1613''' – 17.5 W Indirectly heated RF power pentode, 6.3 V/700 mA heater, Octal base *'''1614''' – 21 W Indirectly heated RF beam power tetrode, 6.3 V/900 mA heater, Octal base *'''1616''' – 6.5 kV, 130 mA Half-wave rectifier, UX4 base with anode on top cap *'''1619''' – RF Beam power tetrode, 2.5 V/2 A filament, Octal base, common in World War II battle tank transmitters; similar to type 6L6 but directly heated *'''1620''' – Indirectly heated low-microphonics AF pentode, 6.3 V/300 mA heater, Octal base; very similar to type 6J7 *'''1621''' – 8.3 W Indirectly heated AF power pentode, 6.3 V/700 mA heater, Octal base; long-life version of the 6F6 *'''1622''' – 13.8 W Indirectly heated AF beam power tetrode, 6.3 V/900 mA heater, Octal base; long-life version of the 6L6 *'''1623''' – 25 W Directly heated power triode, 6.3 V/2.5 A filament, UX4 base; similar to type 809 *'''1624''' (2.5 V/2 A heater), '''1625''' (12.6 V/450 mA heater) – Beam power tetrode; very similar to type [[807 (vacuum tube)|807]], but with different heaters *'''1625''' – Indirectly heated RF beam power tetrode, 12.6 V/450 mA heater, [[Dielectric loss|low loss]] [[mica]]-filled [[Phenol formaldehyde resin|phenolic resin]] ("Micanol") Octal base with anode on top cap; very similar to type 807 *'''1626''' – RF power triode; very similar to type 6J5 but with a 12.6 V/250 mA heater *'''1629''' – [[Magic eye tube|Tuning indicator]] tube with DC amplifier triode unit; 6E5 with an Octal base and a 12.6 V/150 mA heater *'''1630''' – Indirectly heated, orbital-beam, [[Secondary emission#Special amplifying tubes|secondary-emission]], 12-pin ''Jumbo [[Acorn tube|Acorn]]''-type UHF hexode, 6.3 V/300 mA heater *'''1631''' – 16 W Indirectly heated AF beam power tetrode, 6.3 V/450 mA heater; 6L6 with tightened specs *'''1632''' – 5.5 W Indirectly heated AF beam power tetrode, 12.6 V/600 mA heater; 25L6 with tightened specs *'''1633''' – Separate-cathode dual triode, Octal base, used in World War II aircraft; 6SN7 with a 25 V/150 mA heater *'''1634''' – Dual triode; 12SC7 with tightened specs *'''1635''' – Indirectly heated, 10.4 W common-cathode dual AF power triode, 6.3 V/600 mA heater, Octal base *'''1636''' – Secondary emission UHF [[beam deflection tube]], used as a balanced mixer up to 600 MHz{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/201/1/1636.pdf |title=1636 U-H-F Beam deflection mixer |publisher=[[RCA]] Electron Tube Division |date=3 November 1944|access-date=1 May 2017}} *'''1640''' = '''6405''' – Gas-filled, low-microphonics [[phototube]], [[Photocathode|caesium-coated cathode]] with spectral S1 response (red/infrared, maximum sensitivity at 800 nm), 4-pin base, for industrial applications such as [[Bottling line|electronic bottle/ampoule inspection equipment]] *'''1644''' – Dual power pentode; 12L8GT with tightened specs *'''1650''' – [[Avionics|High-altitude version]] of the [[955 acorn triode|955]] ''Acorn''-type triode *'''1654''' – 7 kV, 1 mA Half-wave rectifier, Miniature 7-pin base with anode on top cap *'''1680''' – Dual-control heptode for use as a [[NAND gate]] in a [[coincidence circuit]] in [[IBM]] computers; 6BE6/EK90 with a sharp-cutoff #3 grid *'''1699''' – Indirectly heated hexode [[monoscope]], 6-pin base with dual top caps for #4 grid and anode; 2F21 with a customer-supplied [[Test card|test pattern]] ==={{anchor|O2}}'''2'''=== *'''20TC4''', '''30TC1''' – ''Tacitron''; cf. 6441, EC860 *'''24B1''' – [[Trigatron]] *'''24B9''' – Trigatron *'''29C1''' – 100 V, 3 mA Directly heated, [[Thermionic emission|thermally-limited (=''saturated'') emission]] diode, 4 V/800 mAmax uncoated tungsten filament, for use as a heating current-controlled, variable series resistor in voltage/current stabilizer circuits; cf. 5845, YA1000 ===='''200'''s==== '''Note:''' The Cossor 200-series [[#Cossor_Examples|{{color|Green|is here}}]] *'''203A''' – 40 W, Directly heated RF transmitter power triode, 4-pin base, anode on top cap *'''204A''' – 450 W, Directly heated RF transmitter power triode, 3-pin base, anode on top cap *'''205D''' – 14 W, Directly heated AF or modulator power triode, 4.5 V/1.6 A filament, 4-pin base *'''207''' – 22.5 kW, Water-cooled, directly heated RF transmitter power triode *'''210T''' – Directly heated RF transmitter power triode, 4-pin base; similar to type 10 triode with an ''[[Steatite|Isolantite]]'' base *'''211''' – 260 W, Directly heated AF or modulator power triode now favored by audiophiles, Jumbo 4-pin base *'''212E''' – 250 W, Directly heated RF transmitter power triode, 4-pin base *'''217C''', '''371B''', '''543''', '''558''', '''576A''', '''577''', '''578''', '''582''', '''583''', '''593''' (All half-wave), '''596''' (Full-wave) – Directly heated vacuum rectifiers *'''220B''' – 5 kW, Water-cooled, directly heated AF/modulator power triode *'''228''' – 2.5 kW, Directly heated RF/AF power triode *'''232C''' – 8.5 kW, Water-cooled, directly heated RF transmitter power triode *'''236A''' – 12 kW, Water-cooled, directly heated RF transmitter power triode *'''241B''' – 300 W, Directly heated AF/modulator power triode, 3-pin base, anode on top cap *'''242A''' – Directly heated AF/modulator power triode, 4-pin base *'''250TH''' – 1.1 kW, Directly heated AF/modulator power triode, 4-pin base, anode on top cap *'''254A''' – 14 W, Directly heated RF transmitter power triode, 4-pin base, anode on top cap *'''261A''' – 170 W, Directly heated AF/modulator power triode, 4-pin base *'''268A''' – 20 W, Directly heated power triode, 4-pin base, anode on top cap *'''270A''' – 585 W, Directly heated AF/RF power triode, 4-pin base, anode on top cap *'''275A''' – 3 W, Directly heated AF power triode, 4-pin base *'''276A''' – 170 W, Directly heated AF/RF power triode, 4-pin base *'''279A''', '''379A''' – 1.75 kW, Directly heated AF/RF power triode *'''287A''' (1.5 A, Mercury-vapor), '''323A''' (1.5 A, Argon/Mercury-vapor), '''354A''' (4 A, Mercury-vapor), '''355A''' (4 A, Argon/Mercury-vapor) – Thyratrons *'''295A''' – 125 W, Directly heated AF/RF power triode, 4-pin base *'''298A''' – 5 kW, Water-cooled, directly heated power triode ==={{anchor|O3}}'''3'''=== ===='''300'''s==== *'''300A''' – 40 W Directly heated AF power triode, 5 V/1.2 A filament, 4-pin base *'''[[300B]]''' – 36 W version of the 300A, 4-pin base with the lateral bayonet pin rotated by 45° so it could replace the 205A [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:300B|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''303A''' – Indirectly heated dual diode + triode, 6-pin base *'''304B''' – 50 W, 300 MHz Directly heated VHF power triode, 4-pin base, anode and grid on top wires *'''305A''' – 60 W, 50 MHz Directly heated VHF power tetrode, 4-pin base, anode and both grids on top wires *'''306A''' – 15 W Directly heated RF/AF power pentode, 4-pin base, grid 3 internally tied to filament center-tap, grid 1 on top cap *'''307A''' – 15 W Directly heated RF/AF power pentode, 5-pin base, anode on top cap *'''309A''' – Remote-cutoff IF/AF pentode, 5-pin base, grid 1 on top cap *'''316A''' = '''VT191''' – Directly heated [[Acorn tube|''Doorknob''-type]] UHF power triode up to 750 MHz *'''322''' – ''Oil can''-type disk-seal UHF [[Clipper (electronics)|clipper]] power diode, 800 VPIV, 15 W, 1500 MHz *'''323B''' – 1.25 kV, 1.5 A Argon/Mercury-vapor thyratron, 5-pin base *'''327A''' (2 A Half-wave), '''328''' (1.3 A Full-wave), '''367''' (6 A Full-wave) – Argon-filled ''[[Rectifier#Tungar|Tungar bulb]]'', a low-voltage rectifier for charging 12V lead-acid batteries *'''329''' – 1.15 A, Dual (5...15 and 10...30 V) ''[[Electrical ballast#Self-variable resistors|ballast tube]]'' for use with the 328 Tungar bulb *'''342A''' – 25 kW, 4 MHz Water-cooled, directly heated power triode *'''343A''' – 10 kW, 4 MHz Water-cooled, directly heated power triode *'''344H''' = '''8111''' – 3.35 to 3.65 GHz, 1.5 kW [[Traveling-wave tube]] *'''346C''' – Gas-filled cold-cathode trigger triode, one starter electrode, [[Krypton-85|85Kr]] keep-alive, 4-pin base *'''348A''' (grid 1 on top cap), '''349A''' – Pentode, 7-pin base *'''354''' (Philips) – 2 A Half-wave argon-filled ''Tungar bulb'' for charging 8V lead-acid batteries *'''354A''' (Western Electric) See 287A *'''356A''' (880, 5771, 7085) – 22.5 kW, 25 MHz Water-cooled, directly heated power triode *'''357B''' – 400 W, 100 MHz Forced-air cooled, directly heated power triode *'''368A''' – Directly heated ''Doorknob'' UHF power triode, graphite anode, up to 1.7 GHz{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/tt/388A.pdf |title=''368A, 368AS and 388A'' data sheet |publisher=[[Western Electric]] |access-date=19 January 2016}} *'''371B''' – 25 kV, 300 mA Half-wave rectifier, Jumbo 4-pin base *'''376B''' = '''5589''' – Gas-filled cold-cathode trigger triode, one starter electrode, 6-pin base *'''378A''' – 30 kV, 200 mA Half-wave rectifier, 4-pin base *'''388A''' – Directly heated ''Doorknob'' UHF power triode, graphite anode, up to 1.7 GHz *'''393A''' – 1.25 kV, 1.5 A Argon/Mercury-vapor thyratron *'''395A''' – Small neon-filled cold-cathode thyratron for use as a latching single-dot indicator, top-viewing, all-glass pigtaled; cf. 7323, 7400, 7401, 7979, МТХ-90 *'''396A''' = '''2C51''' – Dual shielded triode, indirectly heated, Noval base *'''398A''' = '''5603''' – 8 W Directly heated power pentode, Octal base ==={{anchor|O4}}'''4'''=== ===='''400'''s==== '''Note:''' The Cossor 400-series [[#Cossor_Examples|{{color|Green|is here}}]] *'''400''' – 100 V, 25 mA Half-wave rectifier, 4-pin base, designed for studies of emission and the influence of magnetic fields *'''401A''' = '''5590''' – Pentode, Miniature 7-pin base *'''403B''' = '''5591''' – UHF pentode, Miniature 7-pin base *'''404A''' = '''5847''' – 120 MHz Wide band frame-grid pentode, Noval base *'''407A''' (2C51, 5670) – Dual medium-mu VHF triode, center-tapped 40 V/50 mA resp. 20 V/100 mA heater, Noval base; cf. 20EZ7 *'''408A''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode, Miniature 7-pin base *'''411''' – 150 kV ([[Transformer oil|in oil]]) resp. 100 kV (in air), 300 mApeak Half-wave rectifier, 4-pin base *'''416B''' = '''6280''' – Planar SHF power triode, 500 mW output at 4 GHz *'''416D''' – Planar SHF power triode with [[Beryllium oxide|BeO]] spacers, 5 W output at 4 GHz *'''417A''' – Medium-mu triode, Noval base *'''418A''' – IF/Video tetrode *'''423A''' – 100 V, 4 to 8 mA [[Voltage-regulator tube]], Noval base *'''427A''' = '''6141''' – 100 V, 5 to 40 mA Voltage-regulator tube with a keep-alive (primer) electrode, Noval base *'''430A''' – Gas-filled cold-cathode trigger triode, one starter electrode, [[Radium bromide|RaBr2]] keep-alive, 4-pin base *'''441''' – Vacuum phototube, S4 spectral response, 4-pin base *'''446A''' (2C40) – Early ''Lighthouse'' UHF triode, 10 dB [[noise figure]] at 1 GHz *'''450TH''' – Early Eimac high-mu power triode, 450 watt anode dissipation up to 40 MHzhttp://www.tubecollectors.org/eimac/archives/450th(50).pdf *'''451''' – Full-wave, argon-filled ''[[Rectifier#Tungar|Tungar bulb]]'', a low-voltage rectifier for charging 6V lead-acid batteries at 1.3 A *'''452''' – 1.15 A, Dual (3.5...10 and 7...20 V) ''[[Electrical ballast#Self-variable resistors|ballast tube]]'' for use with the 451 Tungar bulbValvo Taschenbuch 1962 *'''455A''' – Ultra high reliability pentode for use in submarine communications cable repeaters{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/bstj43-4-1311 |title=Electron tubes for the SD submarine cable system |series=The [[Bell System]] technical journal |date=July 1964 |author1=Holdaway, V.L. |author2=Van Haste, W. |author3=Walsh, E.J. |pages=1311ff |access-date=9 Feb 2016}} ==={{anchor|O5}}'''5'''=== ===='''500'''s==== *'''502A''' – 600 V, 100 mA Thyratron, Octal base *'''527''' – High-mu power triode up to 900 W *'''530''' – 75 kW Water-cooled, directly heated pulsed power triode *'''531''' – 50 kV, 390 mA Forced-air cooled, directly heated, half-wave vacuum rectifier *'''546''' – 500 V, 20 mA Thyratron, Miniature 7-pin base *'''559''' – ''Lighthouse''-type disk-seal UHF diode *'''561''' – 33 kV, 1.25 A Directly heated vacuum rectifier, 4-pin Superjumbo base with anode top cap *'''572B''' (811A) – 225 W Directly heated RF power triode, 6.3 V/4 A filament *'''575A''' (4-pin Jumbo base), '''673''' (4-pin Superjumbo base) – 15 kV, 1.5 A [[Mercury-arc valve|Mercury-vapor rectifier]]s, anode on top cap *'''592''' = Eimac '''3-200A3''' – Medium-mu power triode up to 200 W, 150 MHz ==={{anchor|O6}}'''6'''=== *'''6P10''' – Ultra high reliability pentode for use in short-haul submarine communications cable repeaters *'''6P12''' – Ultra high reliability pentode for use in long-haul submarine communications cable repeaters ===='''600'''s==== *'''604''' = '''7014''' (4-pin Superjumbo base), '''604L''' = '''7015''' ([[Lug (electrical connector)|Lug/spade connectors]]) – 900 V, 2.5 A Full-wave Argon/Mercury-vapor rectifier *'''606''' = '''7016''' (4-pin Superjumbo base), '''606L''' = '''7017''' (Lugs) – 900 V, 6.4 A Full-wave Argon/Mercury-vapor rectifier *'''615''' = '''7018''' – 2 kV, 2.5 A Half-wave Argon/Mercury-vapor rectifier *'''627''' – 1.25 kV, 640 mA Argon/Mercury-vapor thyratron, 4-pin Superjumbo base with anode top cap *'''629''' – 350 V, 40 mA Argon/Mercury-vapor thyratron, 5-pin base *'''632B''' – 1.5 kV, 2.5 A Mercury-vapor thyratron, 4-pin base with anode top cap and control grid side cap *'''635''' = '''7019''' (4-pin Superjumbo base), '''635L''' = '''7020''' (Lugs) – 1 kV, 6.4 A Half-wave Argon/Mercury-vapor rectifier with anode top cap *'''672''' – 2.5 kV, 2.5 A Argon/Mercury-vapor thyratron, 4-pin Superjumbo base with anode top cap *'''673''' – 10 kV, 1.75 A Half-wave Mercury-vapor rectifier, 4-pin Superjumbo base with anode top cap *'''676''' – 2.5 kV, 6.4 A Mercury-vapor thyratron, 4-pin Superjumbo base with anode top cap *'''677''' – 10 kV, 4 A Mercury-vapor thyratron, 4-pin Superjumbo base with anode top cap *'''678''' – 10 kV, 1.6 A Mercury-vapor thyratron, 4-pin base with anode top cap ==={{anchor|O7}}'''7'''=== ===='''700'''s==== [[Western Electric]] types 700 to 732 were among 1940's most advanced technologies, and highly classified at the time{{cite web |url=http://www.hts-homepage.de/WesternElectric/WEsternElectric700.html |title=Western Electric 700er-Serie |language=de |access-date=7 January 2021}}[https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5f0983034219c6086e8100ac/t/5f456b4a7d659c36684d762e/1598384980530/Tubes+General.pdf Western Electric General September 10, 1946]{{rp|1038-1040}} {{IA|MIL-HDBK-213A|MIL-HDBK-213A}}{{rp|178-181}} *'''700A/B/C/D''' (WE) – Pulsed L-band [[magnetron]]; superseded by 4J42{{rp|271ff}} [https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_700a.html 700A on radiomuseum] *'''701A''' (WE) – 100 W Indirectly heated, hard pulse modulator tetrode{{cite web |url=http://www.ase-museoedelpro.org/Museo_Edelpro/Catalogo/tubes/docs_pdf/bstj26-4-818.pdf |series=The [[Bell System]] technical journal |title=High-Vacuum Oxide-Cathode Pulse Modulator Tubes |author=C. E. Fay |access-date=11 April 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.org/details/bstj26-4-818 |archive-date=2013-01-19}} *'''702A''' (WE, Sylvania) – Three-element [[Duplexer|TR/ATR cell]]{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/mwtr/702A.pdf |publisher=[[Western Electric]] |title=702A data sheet |access-date=3 March 2012}} • on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/mwtr/mw015.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes]{{cite web |url=http://www.ase-museoedelpro.org/Museo_Edelpro/Catalogo/Overview/docs/bstj25-1-48.pdf |series=The [[Bell System]] technical journal |title=The Gas-Discharge Transmit-Receive switch |author1=A. L. Samuel |author2=J. W. Clark |author3=W. W. Mumford |access-date=11 April 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.org/details/bstj25-1-48 |archive-date=2013-01-19}} *'''703A''' (WE, Tung-Sol) – 20 W Directly heated ''Doorknob'' UHF power triode up to 1.5 GHz, 1.15 V/4.5 A filament;{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/127/7/703A.pdf |publisher=[[Tung-Sol]] |title=703A data sheet |access-date=3 March 2021}} 368AS with tightened cutoff specs *'''704A''' (WE) – 1.5 kV, 10 mA UHF diode, half-indirect 4.5 V/50 mA heater, ''Peanut'' 3-wire all-glass pigtailed, anode on top wire[http://www.ase-museoedelpro.org/Museo_Edelpro/Catalogo/tubes/records_nw/704A/704A.pdf 704A on edelpro] *'''705A''' (WE, GE, Raytheon, Tung-Sol) = '''8021''' (378A) – 30 kV, 100 mA Directly heated half-wave [[High voltage|EHT]] rectifier with electrodes supported directly from the hard glass envelope, no internal insulators, 5 V/5 A filament, B4A 4-pin base with anode top cap{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/127/7/705A.pdf |publisher=[[Tung-Sol]] |title=705A data sheet |access-date=3 March 2021}} • on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/re/re085.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] *'''706AY/GY''' (WE, Westinghouse) – 25 kW, 2.914-3.1 GHz Pulsed S-band Magnetron;[http://www.ase-museoedelpro.org/Museo_Edelpro/Catalogo/tubes/records_nw/706A/706A.pdf 706 on edelpro] modernized 700 *'''707A''' (WE) = '''QK26''' (Raytheon) – 2.5 to 3.75 GHz, 75 mW External cavity tuned S-band Reflex Klystron{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/mwkl/707A.pdf |publisher=[[Western Electric]] |title=707A data sheet |access-date=3 March 2021}} • on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/mwkl/mw007.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] *'''708A''' (WE, Tung-Sol) – ''Flying saucer tube'', a directly heated SHF power triode, [[Gain (electronics)|μ]]=10, grid connected to the flanged steel body, 1.7 V/1.85 A filament, used as [[Valve RF amplifier#Grounded grid amplifier|grounded-grid]] RF amplifier or mixer in 1-3 GHz radar receivers708A on [http://www.r-type.org/exhib/acl0048.htm r-type.org], on [https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_708a.html radiomuseum.org], on [http://www.ase-museoedelpro.org/Museo_Edelpro/Catalogo/tubes/records_nw/708A/708A.pdf edelpro] *'''709A''' (WE) – TR/ATR cell *'''710''' (RCA) = '''6011''' – 1.5 kV, 2.5 A Gas/Mercury-vapor thyratron{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/049/7/710.pdf |publisher=[[RCA]] |title=710 data sheet |access-date=3 March 2021}} *'''710A''' (WE) = '''8011''' – ''[[Micropup]]'' UHF power triode *'''711A''' (WE) – "Oscillator (British)" {{rp|179}} *'''712A''' (WE) – Reflex Klystron; superseded by 707A{{rp|179}} *'''713A''' (WE) – Indirectly heated ''Mushroom'' or ''Little Doorknob'' UHF pentode, [[Bakelite]] Octal base, 6.3 V/175 mA heater,{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/127/7/713A.pdf |publisher=[[Tung-Sol]] |title=713A, 717A data sheet |access-date=3 March 2021}} for use as a [[RF front end|low-noise front end]] in radar receivers; replaced by 6AK5/EF95 *'''714''' (National Electronics, RCA) = '''7021''' – 1.25 kV, 1 A Argon/Mercury-vapor thyratron, 4-pin base with anode top cap{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/201/7/7021.pdf |publisher=Eimac/National Electronics |title=714/7021 data sheet |access-date=3 March 2021}}{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/049/7/714.pdf |publisher=[[RCA]] |title=714/7021 data sheet |access-date=3 March 2021}} *'''714AY''' (WE, Westinghouse) – S-band Magnetron;[http://www.ase-museoedelpro.org/Museo_Edelpro/Catalogo/tubes/records_nw/714A/714AY.pdf 714A on edelpro] further modernized 700 *'''715B/C''' (WE, Raytheon) (5D21) – 60 W Hard pulse modulator tetrode, UAmax = 15 kV, half-indirect 26 V/2.1 A heater, B4A 4-pin base with anode top cap{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/049/7/715C.pdf |publisher=[[RCA]] |title=715C data sheet |access-date=3 March 2021}} *'''716''' (RCA) = '''6855''' – 1.25 kV, 1 A Gas/Mercury-vapor thyratron{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/049/7/716.pdf |publisher=[[RCA]] |title=716/6855 data sheet |access-date=3 March 2021}} *'''717A''' (WE, Raytheon) (CV3594, VT269) – 713A with a metal shield and a [[Dielectric loss|low loss]] [[mica]]-filled [[Phenol formaldehyde resin|phenolic resin]] ("Micanol") Octal base;{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/tt/717A(WE).pdf |publisher=[[Western Electric]] |title=717A data sheet |access-date=3 March 2021}} • on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/tt/tt318.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] replaced by 6AK5/EF95 *'''718AY/EY''' (WE, Westinghouse) – S-band Magnetron; further modernization of the 700-type magnetrons *'''719A''' (WE) – 25 kV, 500 mA Half-wave EHT 10A-pulse rectifier, half-indirect 7 V/7 A heater, B4A 4-pin base with anode top cap,[http://lampes-et-tubes.info/re/re278.php?l=e 719A on Lampes-et-tubes] used as a [[Clipper (electronics)|clipper]] in radar applications, not recommended as rectifier *'''720AY-EY''' (WE) – S-band Magnetron;[https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_720.html 720AY on radiomuseum] AY variant replaced by 4J45; BY replaced by 4J46; CY replaced by 4J47 *'''721A/B''' (WE, Raytheon, Sylvania) – TR/ATR cell{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/mwtr/721A.pdf |publisher=[[Western Electric]] |title=721A data sheet |access-date=3 March 2021}} • on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/mwtr/mw008.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] *'''722A''' (WE, [[Continental Electronics|Continental]]) – 2.5 kV, 640 mA Directly heated mercury-vapor thyratron, oxide-coated 3.6 V/8 A filament;[https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_722a.html 722A on radiomuseum] similar to 287A *'''723A/B''' (WE, [[Kentucky Electrical Lamp Company|Ken-Rad]]) = '''2K25''' = '''KS9/20''' – 8.5 to 9.66 GHz, 20 mW X-band Reflex Klystron{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/mwkl/723A_B.pdf |publisher=[[Western Electric]] |title=723A/B data sheet |access-date=3 March 2021}} • on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/mwkl/mw002.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] used as local oscillator *'''724A/B''' (WE, Sylvania) – TR/ATR cell{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/mwtr/724B.pdf |publisher=[[Western Electric]] |title=724B data sheet |access-date=3 March 2021}} • on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/mwtr/mw010.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] *'''725A''' (WE, Raytheon) = '''2J21''' (Westinghouse) – 50 kW/180 W Pulsed X-band Magnetron{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/mwma/725-A.pdf |publisher=[[Raytheon Technologies|Raytheon]] |title=725-A data sheet |access-date=3 March 2021}} • on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/mwma/mw118.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] • on [http://www.ase-museoedelpro.org/Museo_Edelpro/Catalogo/tubes/records_nw/725A/725A.pdf edelpro] *'''726A/B/C''' (WE) – 2.883 to 3.173 GHz, 100 mW S-band Reflex Klystron,{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/mwkl/726B.pdf |title=726B data sheet |access-date=3 March 2021}} • on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/mwkl/mw005.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] variants differ in frequency only *'''727A''' (WE) – 140 V, 13 mA [[Cold cathode|Cold-cathode]] triode thyratron, all-glass pigtailed, used for relay service;[https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_727a.html 727A on radiomuseum] replaced by 395A *'''728AY/GY''' (WE) – L-band Magnetron;[http://www.ase-museoedelpro.org/Museo_Edelpro/Catalogo/tubes/records_nw/728DY/728AY%20to%20JY.pdf 728 on edelpro] replaced by 4J51 *'''729A''' (WE) = '''1B23''' – TR/ATR cell[https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_729a.html 729A on radiomuseum] *'''730A''' (WE) – X-band Magnetron730A on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/mwma/mw106.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] • on [http://www.ase-museoedelpro.org/Museo_Edelpro/Catalogo/tubes/records_nw/730A/730A.pdf edelpro] *'''731A''' (WE) = '''6AK5/EF95''' – IF pentode[https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_731a.html 731A on radiomuseum] *'''732A''' (WE) = '''3B24''' – Half-wave EHT rectifier[https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_732a.html 732A on radiomuseum] *'''740L''' = '''7022''' – 1.5 kV, 4 A Argon/Mercury-vapor thyratron, Lug connectors and anode top cap *'''760''' = '''6858''' (4-pin Superjumbo base), '''760L''' = '''7023''' (Lugs) – 1.5 kV, 6.4 A Gas/Mercury-vapor thyratron with anode top cap *'''787''' – ''Pliotron Demonstrator'', an educational, directly heated planar triode with a [[phosphor]]ized anode{{cite web |url=http://www.tubecollectors.org/west/archives/wl787.pdf |publisher=[[Westinghouse Electric (1886)|Westinghouse Electric]], Bloomfield, New Jersey, USA |title=Westinghouse demonstration tube type WL-787 |date=June 1936 |access-date=1 January 2021}} ==={{anchor|O8}}'''8'''=== ===='''800'''s==== *'''800''' – Directly heated VHF power triode, giving 35 W up to 60 MHz and 18 W at 180 MHz, UX4 American 4-pin base with side locating pin *'''801''' – Directly heated power triode, used in pairs in [[Power amplifier classes#Class B|Class-B]] in AM modulation sections of transmitters giving up to 45 W at 60 MHz and 22 W at 120 MHz *'''802''' – Indirectly heated RF power pentode, giving 8 W up to 30 MHz and 4 W at 110 MHz *'''803''' – Directly heated RF power pentode, giving 50 W up to 20 MHz and 25 W at 70 MHz *'''804''' – Directly heated RF power pentode, giving 20 W up to 15 MHz and 10 W at 10 MHz *'''805''' – Directly heated RF power triode, giving 140 W up to 30 MHz and 70 W at 85 MHz *'''806''' – Directly heated RF power triode, giving 390 W up to 30 MHz 195 W at 100 MHz *'''[[807 (vacuum tube)|807]]''' – Indirectly heated RF beam power tetrode, 6.3 V/900 mA heater, [[Dielectric loss|low loss]] [[mica]]-filled [[Phenol formaldehyde resin|phenolic resin]] ("Micanol") base, giving 25 W up to 30 MHz and 12 W at 125 MHz, originally designed as a [[Power amplifier classes#Class C|Class-C]] transmitter tube, later used in pairs as push-pull outputs for high-wattage [[Power amplifier classes#Class AB|Class-AB2]] audio amplifiers. Also used as a horizontal deflection output tube in early TV receivers. One of the first commercial tubes that used the top cap to connect the anode (instead of the [[control grid]]) to the circuit; a variation of type [[6L6]] [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:807 (vacuum tube)|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''808''' – Directly heated RF power triode, giving 140 W up to 30 MHz and 70 W at 130 MHz *'''809''' – Directly heated RF power triode, giving 55 W up to 27 MHz and 30 W at 100 MHz *'''810''' – Directly heated RF power triode, 10 V/4.5 A filament and [[Zirconium carbide|ZrC]] anode. Jumbo 4-pin base with bayonet pin fits RCA UT-541A socket *'''811A''' – 88 W Directly heated RF power triode, 6.3 V/4 A filament *'''812A''' – Directly heated RF power triode, 6.3 V/4 A filament, giving 100 W up to 30 MHz and 55 W at 100 MHz *'''813''' – Beam power tetrode having about 5 times the anode dissipation of an 807 *'''814''' – Directly heated beam power tetrode giving about 130 W at 30 MHz and 65 W at 100 MHz operating in Class-C *'''815''' – Indirectly heated dual beam power pentode, Octal base *'''816''' – [[Mercury-arc valve|Mercury-vapor rectifier]], 7.5 kV anode voltage, 125 mA anode current, 2.5 V/2 A filament *'''825''' – First commercially available [[Inductive output tube|''Klystrode'']], a Klystron/triode hybrid used as a VHF/UHF linear-beam transmitting tube *'''826''' – Directly heated RF power triode, center-tapped 7.5 V/4 A filament, giving 22 W at 250 MHz *'''827R''' – Forced-air cooled, directly heated beam power tetrode giving 400 W up to 110 MHz, 7.5 V/25 A filament *'''828''' – 70 W Directly heated VHF beam power tetrode, 10 V/3.25 A filament, low loss mica-filled phenolic resin ("Micanol") 5-pin base, anode on top cap *'''829''' – Indirectly heated dual VHF beam power tetrode, center-tapped 12.6 V/1.125 A heater, ''Septar'' base with dual anode top cap *'''830''' – Directly heated power triode giving about 50 W at 15 MHz and 7.5 W at 60 MHz operating in Class-C *'''831''' – Directly heated power triode giving about 400 W at 20 MHz and 200 W at 60 MHz operating in Class-C. 11 V/10 A filament *'''832''' – Indirectly heated dual VHF beam power tetrode, center-tapped 12.6 V/800 mA heater *'''833''' – Large directly heated power triode giving about 1 kW at 30 MHz and 500 W at 45 MHz operating in Class-C. Usable up to 100 MHz at reduced power, (400 W). 10 V/10 A filament. The anode of this device is fabricated from [[tantalum]]. Anode current of 800 mA with an anode voltage of 3 kV and grid voltage of zero. Anode current of 4.3 A at a voltage of 750 with 350 volt on the grid. Uses two-part RCA socket assembly UT-103{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/other/RCA/RCA_TT3.pdf |publisher=[[RCA]], Harrison, New Jersey, USA |title=RCA Air-Cooled Transmitting Tube Manual TT3 (18MB) |year=1938 |access-date=17 October 2013}} :*'''[[833A]]''' – Improved 833 [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:833A (vacuum tube)|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''834''' – Directly heated power triode giving 58 W at 100 MHz and 25 W at 350 MHz operating in Class-C, 7.5 V/3.1 A filament, UX4 American 4-pin base with side locating pin *'''835''' – Directly heated power triode; 211 with a reduced grid-to-anode capacitance *'''836''' – Indirectly heated high-vacuum rectifier with a peak inverse voltage of 5 kV and peak anode current of 1 A, 2.5 V/5 A heater *'''837''' – Indirectly heated power pentode giving 11 W at 20 MHz and 5 W at 80 MHz operating in Class-C. 12.6 V/700 mA heater *'''838''' – Directly heated power triode giving about 100 W at 30 MHz operating in Class-C. 10 V/3.25 A filament *'''841''' – Directly heated power triode giving about 10 W at 6 MHz and 5 W at 170 MHz operating in Class-C. 7.5 V/1.25 A filament *'''842''' – Directly heated power triode giving about 3 W at 6 MHz operating in Class-C. 7.5 V/1.25 A filament *'''843''' – Indirectly heated power triode giving gain at 6 MHz and usable up to 200 MHz operating in Class-C. 2.5 V/2.5 A heater *'''844''' – Directly heated power triode giving gain at 6 MHz and usable up to 155 MHz operating in Class-C. 2.5 V filament *'''[[845 (vacuum tube)|845]]''' – Directly heated power triode giving up to 24 W of undistorted power in Class-A at audio frequency with an anode voltage of 1.25 kV. 10 V/3.25 A filament [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:845 (vacuum tube)|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''846''' – 2.5 kW Water-cooled RF power triode, 11 V/51 A filament *'''849''' – Directly heated power triode giving gain at 3 MHz operating in Class-C. Two 849s, working in push-pull Class-B are capable of delivering 1.1 kW of audio output with an anode voltage of 3 kV. Usable up to 30 MHz. 11 V/5 A filament *'''850''' – Directly heated power tetrode giving 120 W up to 13 MHz and 50 W at 100 MHz, operating in Class-C. 10 V filament *'''851''' – Directly heated power triode giving 1.5 kW up to 3 MHz operating in Class-C. 11 V/15.5 A filament *'''852''' – Directly heated power triode giving 75 W up to 30 MHz operating in Class-C. 10 V filament *'''857B''' – Large mercury-vapor rectifier used in 50 kW class broadcast transmitters. 22 kV anode voltage, 10 A anode current. 5 V/30 A filament *'''858''' – 15 kW Water-cooled RF power triode, 22 V/52 A filament *'''859''' – 20 kW Water-cooled RF power triode, 22 V/71 A filament *'''860''' – Directly heated power tetrode giving 105 W up to 30 MHz and 50 W at 120 MHz operating in Class-C. 10 V/3.25 A filament *'''861''' – Directly heated power triode giving 400 W up to 20 MHz and 200 W at 60 MHz operating in Class-C. 11 V/10 A filament *'''862''' – Large water-cooled power triode for broadcast/industrial applications. Used in experimental 500 kW transmitter at [[WLW]]. 33 V/207 A filament *'''864''' – Directly heated general-purpose, low-[[microphonics]] triode with a maximum anode voltage of 135 V and anode current of 3.5 mA. 1.1 V/250 mA filament *'''865''' – Directly heated power tetrode giving 30 W up to 15 MHz 15 W at 70 MHz operating in Class-C. 7.5 V/2 A filament *'''866'''[[File:866 mercury rectifier 1.jpeg|126 px|thumb|right|866A]] – Mercury-vapor rectifier with a peak inverse voltage of 5 kV and peak anode current of 1 A. Average anode current 250 mA, forward drop 15 V, 2.5 V/5 A heater, UX4 American 4-pin base :*'''[[866A]]''' – Improved 866 with a peak inverse voltage of 10 kV and a forward drop of 10 V *'''868''' – Gas-filled [[phototube]], [[Photocathode|caesium-coated cathode]] with spectral S1 response (red/infrared, maximum sensitivity at 800 nm), 4-pin base *'''869''' – Mercury-vapor rectifier with a peak inverse voltage of 20 kV and peak anode current of 10 A, average anode current 2.5 A, forward drop 17 V, 5 V/19 A heater *'''870B''' – Forced-air cooled mercury-vapor rectifier with a peak inverse voltage of 16 kV and peak anode current of 450 A, average anode current 75 A, 5 V/65 A heater[https://frank.pocnet.net/other/RCA/RCA_Guide_for_Transmitting_Tubes_1942.pdf RCA Guide for Transmitting Tubes (July 1942, 172MB)]{{rp|43}} *'''{{Visible anchor|872}}''' – Mercury-vapor rectifier with a peak inverse voltage of 5 kV and peak anode current of 5 A, average anode current 1.25 A, forward drop 15 V, 5.0 V/10 A heater. Jumbo 4-pin base with bayonet pin fits RCA UT-541A socket :*'''872A''' – Improved 872 with a peak inverse voltage of 10 kV, a forward drop of 10 V and a heater current of 6.25 A *'''874''' – 90 V, 10 to 50 mA [[Voltage-regulator tube]], UX4 4-pin base *'''876''' (1.7 A), '''886''' (2.05 A) – 40 to 60 V [[Iron–hydrogen resistor|Barretter]]s, E39 ''Mogul'' [[Edison screw]] lamp base *'''878''' – [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] [[High voltage|EHT]] rectifier with a peak inverse voltage of 20 kV and average anode current of 5 mA, 2.5 V/5 A heater, 4-pin base with anode top cap *'''879''' = '''2X2''' – CRT EHT rectifier with a peak inverse voltage of 12.5 kV and peak anode current of 100 mA, 2.5 V/1.75 A heater, UX4 American 4-pin base with anode top cap *'''880''' – 20 kW Water and forced-air cooled RF power triode, 12.6 V/320 A filament *'''881''' – Mercury-vapor rectifier with a peak inverse voltage of 15 kV and peak anode current of 15 A, average anode current 5 A, forward drop 20 V, 5 V/9.5 A heater *'''884''' = '''6Q5-G''' ([[DuMont Laboratories|DuMont]]) – Indirectly heated triode [[thyratron]] once commonly used as a horizontal sweep sawtooth generator in oscilloscopes; 885 with a 6.3 V/600 mA heater and an Octal base *'''885''' = '''2B4''' (DuMont) – 884 with a 2.5 V/1.4 A heater and an UY5 American 5-pin base *'''887''' ([[Gain (electronics)|μ]]=10), '''888''' (μ=30) – 800 W, 225 MHz Water-cooled RF power triode, 11 V/24 A filament{{rp|42}} *'''889''' (Water-cooled), '''889R''' (Air radiator) – 5 kW RF Power triode, 11 V/125 A filament *'''891''' (5 kW, Water-cooled), '''891R''' (Air radiator), '''892''' (7.5 kW, Water-cooled), '''892R''' (Air radiator) – RF Power triode, center-tapped 22 V/60 A filament for e.g. two-phase operation *'''893''' (Water-cooled), '''893R''' (Air radiator) – 20 kW Power triode with 3 independent 10 V/61 A (each) filaments for [[Three-phase electric power|3-phase]] operation in broadcast/industrial applications *'''898''' – 50 kW Water-cooled power triode for broadcast/industrial applications; improved variant of 862 with 3 independent 33 V/70 A (each) filaments for 3-phase operation *'''899A''' – 20 kW Water-cooled RF power triode, 14.5 V/180 A filament ==={{anchor|O9}}'''9'''=== ===='''900'''s==== *'''920''' – Dual gas-filled [[phototube]], [[Photocathode|caesium-coated cathode]] with spectral S1 response (red/infrared, maximum sensitivity at 750 nm), 4-pin base, for use in a differential circuit to read [[Optical sound|variable-area film soundtracks]] *'''931''' – First mass-produced [[Photomultiplier tube|photomultiplier]], 9-stage, spectral S4 response, 11-pin base, still in production today *'''934''' – Vacuum phototube, spectral S4 response (violet, maximum sensitivity at 400±50 nm), 3-pin ''Small-Shell Peewee'' base *'''935''' – Vacuum phototube, spectral S5 response ([[Ultraviolet|UV-A]], maximum sensitivity at 340±50 nm), 4-pin Octal base *'''950''' – Power pentode with directly heated cathode, used in [[Battery (vacuum tube)|storage battery]] home radios, 2.0 V/120 mA filament; similar to types 1F4 and 1J5G *'''951''' – [[Cut-off (electronics)|Sharp-cutoff]] pentode with directly heated cathode, used in storage battery home radios with 2.0 V filament supply; similar to type 1B4P *'''953''' – ''[[Acorn tube|Acorn]]''-type UHF diode, 6.3 V heater *'''954''' (4672/E1F) – Indirectly heated ''Acorn''-type sharp-cutoff pentode giving gains of 2...3 up to 300 MHz operating in [[Power amplifier classes#Class A|Class-A]] and usable up to 600 MHz with careful stage design, 6.3 V/150 mA heater *'''[[955 acorn triode|955]]''' (4671/E1C) – Indirectly heated ''Acorn''-type triode giving a power of 135 mW up to 600 MHz operating in Class-A and 500 mW in [[Power amplifier classes#Class C|Class-C]] with careful stage design, 6.3 V/150 mA heater *'''956''' (4695/E2F) – Indirectly heated ''Acorn''-type remote-cutoff pentode giving gains of 3...4 up to 600 MHz operating in Class-A with careful stage design, 6.3 V/150 mA heater *'''957''' (D1C) – Directly heated ''Acorn''-type UHF receiving triode, 1.25 V/50 mA filament for portable equipment *'''958''' (D2C) – Directly heated ''Acorn''-type UHF transmitting triode with two internally paralleled 1.25 V/50 mA (each) filaments for increased emission, for portable equipment :*'''958A''' – 958 with tightened emission specs *'''959''' (D3F) – Directly heated ''Acorn''-type sharp-cutoff UHF pentode, 1.25 V/50 mA filament for portable equipment *'''991''' – 60-Volts [[Voltage-regulator tube|Voltage reference]], T4½ lightbulb with dual-contact, [[Lightbulb socket#Bayonet styles|bayonet candelabra]] mount ===='''9000'''s==== *'''9001''' – 954 with a Miniature 7-pin base *'''9002''' – 955 with a Miniature 7-pin base *'''9003''' – 956 with a Miniature 7-pin base *'''9004''' – ''Acorn'' UHF diode *'''9005''' – ''Acorn'' UHF diode with a 3.6 V/165 mA heater *'''9006''' – Detector diode with a Miniature 7-pin base {{anchor|List of other letter tubes}} ==={{anchor|OEA}}'''A'''=== [[Edison and Swan Electric Light Company]] (British [[#BritishMazda|{{color|Green|Mazda/EdiSwan}}]]): *'''A40''' – ''[[Acorn tube|Acorn]]'' UHF triode up to 600 MHz, 4 Volts heater *'''A41''' – ''Acorn'' UHF pentode up to 600 MHz, 4 Volts heater ===={{anchor|OEACediswan}}'''AC*/'''==== [[Edison and Swan Electric Light Company|Mazda/EdiSwan]] 4-volts AC, indirectly heated ("Mains Operated") receiver tubes: *'''AC/HL''' – AF triode, British 5-pin base *'''AC/HLDD''' = '''TDD4''' = '''MHD4''' – Dual diode + AF triode, British 7-pin base *'''AC/ME''' – [[Magic eye tube|Tuning indicator]], British 7-pin base *'''AC/P''', '''AC/P1''' – AF triode, British 5-pin base *'''AC/P4''' – [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] electrostatic-deflection output power triode, British 5-pin base *'''AC/PEN''' – AF power pentode, British 7-pin base *'''AC/S2PEN''' – RF pentode, British 7-pin base *'''AC/SP1''' – RF pentode for use in [[squelch]] circuits or, as the [[Electrical reactance|reactance]] tube, in [[Automatic frequency control|AFC]] circuits, British 7-pin base *'''AC/SP3''' – RF pentode for shortwave and TV receivers, British 7-pin base *'''AC/SP3/RH''' – Low-noise, low-[[microphonics]] RF pentode for shortwave and TV receivers, British 7-pin base *'''AC/TH1''' – [[Pentagrid converter#Hexode|Triode/hexode mixer]], British 9-pin base *'''AC/TP''' = '''TP4''' – Oscillator/mixer triode/pentode, British 7-pin base *'''AC/VP1''', '''AC/VP2''' – RF pentode, British 7-pin base *'''AC2/HL''' – High-mu triode *'''AC2/PEN''' – AF power pentode *'''AC2/PEN.DD''' – Dual diode + AF power pentode *'''AC4/PEN''' – AF beam power pentode *'''AC5/PEN''' – AF beam power pentode *'''AC5/PEN.DD''' – Dual diode + AF beam power pentode *'''AC6/PEN''' – Beam power pentode for use as a magnetic horizontal deflection output amplifier ===={{anchor|OEACT}}'''ACT'''==== [[Marconi-Osram Valve|Marconi-Osram Valve Company]]: *'''ACT9''' – 800 W (convection) or 1100 W (forced) '''A'''ir '''c'''ooled '''t'''ransmitting triode up to 15 MHz, with derating up to 80 MHz, 16 V/22 A heater ==={{anchor|OEB}}'''B'''=== ===={{anchor|OEBA}}'''BA'''==== Industrial Electronics Engineers: *'''BA-0000-P31''' – [[Nimo tube]], cathode-ray 1-digit numeric display tube, 10 [[stencil]]ed [[electron gun]]s aiming at a P31-[[phosphor]] (yellowish-green, medium-persistence) fluorescent screen, top-viewing, ''[[Futura (typeface)|Futura Medium]]'' font, 2.5 kV anode voltage, 12-pin base ===={{anchor|OEBG}}'''BG'''==== [[Burroughs Corporation|Burroughs]] Neon-filled planar [[Dekatron|glow-transfer]] [[Plasma display#History|plasma bar graph displays]]: *'''BG08220-K''' – 120-Segment circular with five cathode strings plus a Reset cathode, 1-in-5 major/minor [[Graduation (instrument)|graduation]], for use e.g. in [[Direction finding|direction-finding]] equipment *'''BG12201''' = [[Vishay Intertechnology|Dale]] '''PBG12201''' – Dual 201-segment linear with three cathode strings plus a Reset cathode,{{cite web |url=https://tubehobby.com/datasheets/plasma.pdf |publisher=[[Vishay Intertechnology|Vishay Dale]], Columbus, Nebraska, USA |title=''Plasma Panel Displays - Dual Linear Bar Graph'' |date=November 2000 |access-date=8 March 2014}} for use in [[VU meter]]s etc. *'''BG12203''' = '''PBG12203''' – Dual 203-segment linear bidirectional with three cathode strings plus two Reset cathodes *'''BG12205''' = '''PBG12205''' – Dual 201-segment linear with five cathode strings plus a Reset cathode,[http://lampes-et-tubes.info/cd/BG12205-2.pdf 201-element dual linear bar graph display] • on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/cd/cd092.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] for use in VU meters etc. *'''BG16101''' = '''PBG16101''' – Dual 101-segment linear with three cathode strings plus a Reset cathode, for use in VU meters etc.; cf. [[#RuI|{{color|Green|ИН-33}}]] ===={{anchor|OEBT}}'''BT'''==== [[British Thomson-Houston]] ([[General Electric]] subsidiary): *'''BT1''' – [[Thyratron]] used in [[C. E. Wynn-Williams#Prewar Research|Wynn-Williams']] [[Prescaler|binary prescaler]] for the [[alpha particle]] [[Mechanical counter|counter]] that [[Ernest Rutherford|Rutherford]], [[James Chadwick|Chadwick]] et al. used for their nuclear research at the [[Cavendish Laboratory]] in the 1930s{{cite web |url=https://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/136/829/312 |author=C. E. Wynn-Williams |author-link=C. E. Wynn-Williams |publisher=[[Royal Society]] |title=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: ''A Thyratron "Scale of Two" Automatic Counter'' |series=A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character |volume=136 |issue=829 |pages=312-324 |date=2 May 1932 |format=PDF |access-date=1 May 2017}} ==={{anchor|OEC}}'''C'''=== ===={{anchor|OECH}}'''CH'''==== [[Tung-Sol]]: *'''CH1027''' – ''Curristor'' – Four types of nitrogen-filled, radioactive [[Current source|constant-current tube]]s with a current plateau from 25 to 500 V, all-glass pigtailed, active material is [[Radium-226|226Ra]] with a [[half-life]] of 1601 years, for linear capacitor charging and draining in [[missile]] and [[Artillery|ordnance]] mine timing circuits, instrumentation biasing, as current reference, etc.: :*'''CH1027-9''' – 10−9 A, {{cvt|18.75|uCi|kBq|lk=on}} :*'''CH1027-10''' – 10−10 A, {{cvt|1.875|uCi|kBq|lk=off}} :*'''CH1027-11''' – 10−11 A, {{cvt|187.5|nCi|kBq|lk=off}} :*'''CH1027-12''' – 10−12 A, {{cvt|18.75|nCi|Bq|lk=off}} ===={{anchor|OECK}}'''CK'''==== [[Raytheon Technologies|Raytheon]]: {| class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align: center;" |+ CK1414 [[EBCDIC]] target |- style="background: black; color: lime" | H || I || ? || '''.''' || {{large|¤}} || [ || < || ⊞ |- style="background: black; color: lime" | + || A || B || C || D || E || F || G |- style="background: black; color: lime" | Q || R || ! || $ || * || ] || ; || △ |- style="background: black; color: lime" | - || J || K || L || M || N || O || P |- style="background: black; color: lime" | Y || Z || = || , || % || ≶ || ' || ⊠ |- style="background: black; color: lime" | || / || S || T || U || V || W || X |- style="background: black; color: lime" | 8 || 9 || 0 || # || @ || ''':''' || > || {{large|■}} |- style="background: black; color: lime" | || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 |} *'''CK1022''' – 1 kV/5...55 µA [[Voltage-regulator tube|Corona voltage reference]], Miniature 7-pin base with anode top cap *'''CK1037''' = '''6437''' – 700 V/5...125 µA Corona voltage reference, 3-pin all-glass pigtailed *'''CK1038''' – 900 V/5...55 µA Corona voltage reference, 3-pin all-glass pigtailed *'''CK1039''' = '''6438''' – 1.2 kV/5...125 µA Corona voltage reference, 3-pin all-glass pigtailed *'''CK1362''' – Controlled-persistence 10" [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] with a blue-fluorescence, infrared-stimulable [[phosphor]] capable of storing electron-beam energy and later release it in the form of yellow-green phosphorescence when irradiated with IR in the 1 µm range *'''CK1366''' (3", single pixel row), '''CK1367''' (3", multi-row), '''CK1368''' (10", single-row), '''CK1369''' (10", multi-row) – CRTs with an unphosphored front glass but with fine wires embedded in it for use as [[Printer (computing)#Liquid ink electrostatic printers|electrostatic print head]]s. The wires would pass the electron beam current through the glass onto a sheet of paper where the desired content was therefore deposited as an electrical charge pattern. The paper was then passed near a pool of liquid ink with the opposite charge. The charged areas of the paper attract the ink and thus form the image;{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/138/c/CK1366.pdf |publisher=[[Raytheon Technologies|Raytheon Company]] |title=''CK1366 CK1367 Printer-type cathode ray tube'' data sheet |date=1 November 1960 |access-date=1 May 2017}}{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/138/c/CK1368.pdf |publisher=[[Raytheon Technologies|Raytheon Company]] |title=''CK1368 CK1369 Printer-type cathode ray tube'' data sheet |date=1 November 1960 |access-date=1 May 2017}} cf. SC2795, SC3863, SC3144, SC3154 *'''CK1383''' – Dual-[[electron gun]] ''recording [[storage tube]]'', a realtime polar, [[Plan position indicator|radar PPI]]-to-rectangular, TV-type [[Composite video|analog video]] [[Transcoding#History|transcoder]] similar to the '''7702''', with [[Read-while-write|simultaneous R/W]], and storing capability. This was achieved by a CRT/[[Video camera tube|camera tube]] combination - the CRT part writes the PPI-format image onto a thin, dielectric target, the camera part reads the generated charge pattern in TV format from the back side of this target{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/138/c/CK1383.pdf |publisher=[[Raytheon Technologies|Raytheon Company]] |title=''CK1383 Recording storage tube'' data sheet |date=15 February 1963 |access-date=1 May 2017}} *'''CK1414''' – ''Symbolray'' [[character generator]] [[monoscope]] for [[text mode]] video rendering in [[Video display terminal#Early VDUs|early computer monitors]], with a square target having letters, digits and symbols patterned on it in a customer-supplied [[:File:Ánodo de monoscopio CK1414F10C.JPG|8×8]] or 8×12 array. An electron beam selects and scans a character, both by appropriate [[electrostatic deflection]], and generates an [[Luma (video)|analog video signal]];{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/138/c/CK1414.pdf |publisher=[[Raytheon Technologies|Raytheon Company]] components division, industrial components operation |title=''CK1414 Symbolray character generating cathode ray tube'' data sheet |date=15 April 1966 |access-date=1 May 2017}}{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/other/Raytheon/Raytheon_symbolray_an.pdf |publisher=[[Raytheon Technologies|Raytheon Company]] components division, industrial components operation |title=''Symbolray™ application note'' |access-date=1 May 2017}} cf. 4560, SC3093, TH9503 ===={{anchor|OECL}}'''CL'''==== [[Ferranti]]: *'''CL40''' and '''CL41''' – Indirectly heated, linear light source (''glow modulator tube''), mercury/argon-filled gas diode with primer electrode, Octal base, for rotating-drum [[FAX]] receivers, [[Optical sound|film soundtrack]] recording, etc. *'''CL42''' and '''CL43''' – Indirectly heated, low-noise linear light source, helium-filled gas diode with primer electrode, Octal base, for film soundtrack recording, [[interferometer]]s, etc. *'''CL44''' – Indirectly heated, low-noise linear light source, neon-filled gas diode with primer electrode, Octal base *'''CL50''' and '''CL52''' – Indirectly heated, linear light source, gas-filled diode with primer electrode, Miniature 7-pin base, for rotating-drum [[FAX]] receivers, [[Optical sound|film soundtrack]] recording, etc. *'''CL55''' – Indirectly heated, spectrally pure light source, helium-filled gas diode with primer electrode, Miniature 7-pin base with anode top cap *'''CL56''' – Indirectly heated, spectrally pure light source, krypton-filled gas diode with primer electrode, Miniature 7-pin base with anode top cap *'''CL57''' – Indirectly heated, spectrally pure light source, neon-filled gas diode with primer electrode, Miniature 7-pin base with anode top cap *'''CL58''' – Indirectly heated, spectrally pure light source, xenon-filled gas diode with primer electrode, Miniature 7-pin base with anode top cap *'''CL60''' – Indirectly heated triode [[Cathode-ray tube#Flood beam CRT|flood beam CRT]]-type [[Strobe light|stroboscope lamp]] with a green ''A''-type [[phosphor]] with <1 µs [[Exponential decay|decay time]] and 10 k[[Candela|Cd]] light output, 20 kV anode voltage, 7-pin Duodecal base *'''CL61''' – CL60 with a blue ''P''-type phosphor with 5 µs decay time and 16 kCd light output *'''CL62''' – CL60 with an [[Ultraviolet|UV]] ''Q''-type phosphor with 100 ns decay time and 240 Cd light output *'''CL63''' – CL60 with a yellow-green ''C''-type phosphor with 6 µs decay time and 24 kCd light output *'''CL64''' – CL60 with a yellow ''V''-type phosphor with 5 µs decay time and 12 kCd light output *'''CL65''' – CL60 with a red ''R''-type phosphor with 2 µs decay time and 14 kCd light output *'''CL66''' – CL60 with a white ''T''-type phosphor with 5 µs decay time and 12 kCd light output ==={{anchor|OED}}'''D'''=== ===={{anchor|OEDDR}}'''DDR'''==== [[Mullard]]: *'''DDR100''' – 100 [[g-force|g]] max., 250 Hz max., ''Mechanotron''-type 1-axis [[accelerometer]] dual diode with elastically supported anodes, 6.3V/600mA indirect heater, fres = 1 kHz, B8G base{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/154/d/DDR100.pdf |publisher= [[Mullard]] |title=''DDR100 Accelerometer double diode'' data sheet |access-date=1 May 2017}} ===={{anchor|OEDZ}}'''DZ'''==== [[Siemens Building Technologies#History|Cerberus]]: *'''DZ10''' – 3 kHz max. Decade ''Counter/Selector [[Dekatron]]'', 14-pin Diheptal base ==={{anchor|OEE}}'''E'''=== ===={{anchor|OEECT}}'''ECT'''==== {{H:title|Elektronische Steuerapparate AG, Bad Ragaz, Canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland; now a GmbH and a member of the PILZ GmbH & Co. KG group|Elesta}}: *'''ECT100''' – 1 MHz, top-viewing, bidirectional, decade ''[[Dekatron]]''{{cite web |url=http://www.tube-tester.com/sites/nixie/dat_arch/EZ10B_ECT100.pdf |title=Elesta application manual |language=de |publisher=Elesta |access-date=1 May 2018}} ===={{anchor|OEEN}}'''EN'''==== [[Ferranti]]: *'''EN10''' – ''Neostron'', 400 Apk Gas-filled, cold-cathode tetrode [[thyratron]], differential trigger electrodes, Octal base, for use as a relay or as a reddish 700 [[Candela|Cd]] [[Strobe light|stroboscope lamp]] *'''EN15''' – 80 Aavg Neon-filled, cold-cathode tetrode thyratron, differential trigger electrodes, Noval base, for use as a stroboscope lamp *'''EN30''' – 250 Apk Gas-filled, arc-discharge cold-cathode tetrode thyratron, differential trigger electrodes, Miniature 7-pin base with anode cap, for use as a relay or as a stroboscope lamp *'''EN40''' – 250 Apk Gas-filled, cold-cathode tetrode thyratron, differential trigger electrodes, Octal base, for use as a whitish stroboscope lamp with a high [[actinism]] for photographic film *'''EN55''' Single, '''EDN10''' dual xenon-filled, arc-discharge cold-cathode tetrode thyratron, external (capacitive) trigger, 12-pin base, for use as a white 140 kCd stroboscope lamp *'''EN60''' – Gas-filled, arc-discharge cold-cathode tetrode thyratron, external (capacitive) trigger, [[Edison screw]] lamp base with anode cap, for use as a white 900 [[Lumen (unit)|klm]]@10µF@800V stroboscope lamp ===={{anchor|OEESR}}'''ESR'''==== {{H:title|Elektronische Steuerapparate AG, Bad Ragaz, Canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland; now a GmbH and a member of the PILZ GmbH & Co. KG group|Elesta}}: *'''ESR2''' – Neon-filled, [[Cold cathode|cold-cathode]] ''Trigger pentode'' (two starter electrodes and a primer electrode) and two [[Voltage-regulator tube|voltage references]], for use in precision timers{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/rs/ESR2.pdf |title=Tube relais, avec stabilisateurs incorporés |language=fr |publisher=Elesta |access-date=21 January 2020}} • on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/rs/sg029.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] ===={{anchor|OEEZ}}'''EZ'''==== {{H:title|Elektronische Steuerapparate AG, Bad Ragaz, Canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland; now a GmbH and a member of the PILZ GmbH & Co. KG group|Elesta}}: *'''EZ10B''' – 1 MHz max. Decade ''Counter/Selector Dekatron''{{cite web |url=http://www.tube-tester.com/sites/nixie/dat_arch/EZ10.pdf |title=''Technische Mitteilungen - Neuentwicklungen im Röhrenbau'' application note |language=de |publisher=Elesta |date=March 1958 |access-date=1 May 2018}}{{cite web |url=http://www.tube-tester.com/sites/nixie/dat_arch/EZ10A_EZ10B.pdf |title=''Technische Mitteilungen - Die Dekadenzählröhre EZ10B'' application note |language=de |publisher=Elesta |date=February 1961 |access-date=1 May 2018}} ==={{anchor|OEF}}'''F'''=== ===={{anchor|OEFP}}'''FP'''==== [[General Electric]]: *'''FP400''' – Educational, directly heated, [[Thermionic emission|thermally-limited (=''saturated'') emission]] diode, uncoated tungsten filament up to 2600 K ([[Hot cathode|''bright emitter'']]); similar to the Ferranti GRD7 ==={{anchor|OEG}}'''G'''=== [[Standard Telephones and Cables]]/Brimar: *'''G10/241E''' – ''Nomotron'', a unidirectional [[Dekatron]] with multi-alloy cathodes [[Siemens Building Technologies#History|Cerberus]]: *'''G11''' – 5 mA Gas-filled, cold-cathode switching diode e.g. for [[Relaxation oscillator#Pearson–Anson oscillator|relaxation oscillator]]s, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed *'''G42''' – 35 mApeak Gas-filled switching diode e.g. for relaxation oscillators, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed ===={{anchor|OEGE}}'''GE'''==== [[Ferranti]]: *'''GE10''' – 500 V, 650 µA Directly heated, [[Thermionic emission|thermally-limited (=''saturated'') emission]] diode, 1.8 V/330 mAmax uncoated tungsten filament, for use as a heating current-controlled, variable series resistor in voltage/current stabilizer circuits. It has two shorted pins that can be used to disable the circuit if the tube is removed from its socket; cf. 5845, YA1000 ===={{anchor|OEGK}}'''GK'''==== [[Siemens Building Technologies#History|Cerberus]]: *'''GK11''' – ''Touch button tube'', an illuminated capacitance [[touch switch]] - a cold-cathode DC ''relay tube'', external (capacitive) starter activated by touching, then the cathode glow is visible as an orange ring. 2-pin all-glass pigtailed ===={{anchor|OEGN}}'''GN'''==== [[Ferranti]]: *'''GN10''' – 250 Amps pulse-current, cold-cathode tetrode thyratron. Octal base ===={{anchor|OEGR}}'''GR'''==== [[Siemens Building Technologies#History|Cerberus]]: *'''GR15''' – 15 mA Gas-filled cold-cathode DC tetrode, one starter and one electrical primer and tritium-primed ([[half-life]]: 12.32 years), Noval base, for voltage triggers, [[RC circuit|RC]] timers etc. *'''GR16''' – 20 mA Gas-filled, cold-cathode, tritium-primed AC/DC triode, one starter and an [[Electromagnetic shielding|EM shield]], Noval base, for voltage triggers, RC timers etc. *'''GR17''' – 15 mA Gas-filled cold-cathode AC triode, one starter and an EM shield, Noval base, for voltage triggers, RC timers etc. *'''GR31''' – 15 mA Gas-filled cold-cathode DC tetrode, one starter and one electrical primer plus a tritium primer, Noval base *'''GR44''' – 12 mA Subminiature gas-filled cold-cathode DC pentode, two starters and one primer electrode plus a tritium primer, 5-pin all-glass pigtailed *'''GR46''' – 12 mA Subminiature gas-filled cold-cathode DC tetrode, one starter and one primer electrode, 4-pin all-glass pigtailed ===={{anchor|OEGRD}}'''GRD'''==== [[Ferranti]]: *'''GRD7''' – Educational, directly heated, [[Thermionic emission|thermally-limited (=''saturated'') emission]] diode, uncoated tungsten filament, guard rings to ensure a homogeneous anode/cathode field; similar to the General Electric FP400 ==={{anchor|OEK}}'''K'''=== ===={{anchor|OEKN}}'''KN'''==== [[File:KN2KrytronTube.jpg|90 px|thumb|right|KN2]][[EG&G|Edgerton, Germeshausen, and Grier]]: *'''KN2''' – 4 kV, 500 Asurge [[Krytron]], a cold-cathode gas-filled tube with a primer electrode, for use as a very high-speed, high-surge current switch, similar to a [[thyratron]], lifespan 107 shots, 4-pin all-glass pigtailed{{cite web |url=http://www.roehren-museum.de/pdf/KRYTRON.pdf |publisher=EG&G Electro-Optics Division, Salem, Massachusetts, USA |title=''Krytrons - Cold Cathode Switch Tubes data sheet K5500B-1'' |date=September 1973 |access-date=11 September 2016}} *'''KN4''' – 5 kV, 2.5 kAsurge Krytron with a primer electrode, lifespan 25000 shots, 4-pin all-glass pigtailed *'''KN6''' – 5 kV, 3 kAsurge Krytron with a primer electrode, lifespan 35000 shots, 4-pin all-glass pigtailed :*'''KN6B''' – 8 kV, 3 kAsurge Krytron with a primer electrode, lifespan 35000 shots, 4-pin all-glass pigtailed *'''KN9''' – 4 kV, 500 Asurge Krytron with a primer electrode, lifespan 1.5 × 107 shots, 4-pin all-glass pigtailed *'''KN11B''' – 2.5 kV, 1.5 kAsurge [[Krytron#Sprytron|Sprytron]], lifespan 2000 shots, 3-pin all-glass pigtailed *'''KN12''' – 5 kV, 3 kAsurge Sprytron, lifespan 500 shots, 3-pin all-glass pigtailed *'''KN22''' – 5 kV, 100 Asurge Krytron with a primer electrode, lifespan 2 × 107 shots, 4-pin all-glass pigtailed, for [[laser]] pumping, to drive [[Pockels effect#The driver electronics|Pockels cells]], also for educational purposes{{cite web |url=http://www.onleihe.de/static/content/franzis/20091127/978-37723-3836-6/v978-37723-3836-6.pdf |author=Wahl, Günter |publisher=[[Franzis Verlag]] |title=Hightech-Elektronik-Experimente |language=de |access-date=26 Dec 2014}} *'''KN26''' – 5 kV, 3 kAsurge Krytron with a primer electrode, lifespan 75000 shots, 4-pin all-glass pigtailed ===={{anchor|OEKT}}'''KT'''==== '''Note:''' The original [[Marconi-Osram Valve|Marconi-Osram]] '''''K'''inkless '''T'''etrode'' beam power tetrodes are listed under ''[[#MOKT|{{color|Green|M-OV Examples}}]]'' [[Electro-Harmonix]]: *'''[[KT90]]''' – New production tube *'''KT150''' – New production tube [[Sovtek|"Tung-Sol"]]: *'''KT120''' – New production tube ==={{anchor|OEM}}'''M'''=== ===={{anchor|OEMC}}'''MC'''==== [[Philips]]: *'''MC6-16''', '''MC13-16''' – [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]]-type [[flying-spot scanner]]s, P16-type [[phosphor]] (violet/near-ultraviolet, very short persistence), for use in a [[telecine]] ===={{anchor|OEME}}'''ME'''==== [[Edison and Swan Electric Light Company]] ([[#BritishMazda|{{color|Green|British Mazda/EdiSwan}}]]): *'''ME91''' – AC/DC mains [[Magic eye tube|tuning indicator]] ==={{anchor|OEO}}'''O'''=== ===={{anchor|OEOME}}'''OME'''==== [[Thomson-CSF]]: *'''OME1199E2''' (27cm, 10"),{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/other/ThomsonCSF/ThomsonCSF_TubesEtDispositifsAImage_2_1977.pdf |title=''Image and Display Tubes 1977'' part 2 (193MB) |publisher=[[Thomson-CSF]] |access-date=12 March 2021}}{{rp|216ff}} '''OME1269E21''' (40cm, 16"){{rp|220ff}} – ''[[Penetron]]''-type red-to-green limited-[[gamut]] CRT ==={{anchor|OEP}}'''P'''=== ===={{anchor|OEPD}}'''PD'''==== [[Edison and Swan Electric Light Company]] ([[#BritishMazda|{{color|Green|British Mazda/EdiSwan}}]]): *'''PD220''' – Dual AF power triode for battery-supplied equipment (1939) ===={{anchor|OEPL}}'''PL'''==== [[Philips]]: *'''PL21''' = [[#2D21|{{color|Green|2D21}}]] = [[#EN91|{{color|Green|EN91}}]] – 100 mAavg, 500 mApeak, 10 Asurge, Gas-filled, indirectly heated tetrode thyratron, negative starter voltage, Miniature 7-pin base, for relay and grid-controlled rectifier service *'''PL323''' = 3C23 – 1.5 Aavg, 6 Apeak, Mercury-vapor triode thyratron, 4-pin base with anode top cap *'''PL5727''' = 5727 – 100 mAavg, 500 mApeak, 10 Asurge, Tetrode thyratron, Miniature 7-pin base ==={{anchor|OEQ}}'''Q'''=== [[Philips]]: *'''Q13-110GU''' – [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]]-type [[flying-spot scanner]], white [[phosphor]], for use in a [[telecine]] ===={{anchor|OEQK}}'''QK'''==== [[Raytheon Technologies|Raytheon]]: *'''QK329''' – [[Beam deflection tube|Beam deflection]] ''[[Square (algebra)|square-law]] tube'' for use as a [[Function generator#Circuit elements|function generator]] in [[analog computer]]s. A flat [[Cathode ray|sheet beam]] is [[electrostatic deflection|electrostatically deflected]] across the anode which is partially covered by a parabolically [[stencil]]ed screen "grid" that acts as the tube's output. Two tubes may be combined to form a 1-quadrant [[analog multiplier]] using the equation {{math|''a''⋅''b'' {{=}} {{sfrac|(''a''+''b'')2 − (''a''−''b'')2|4}}}} where the deflection electrode signals {{math|''a''+''b''}} and {{math|''a''−''b''}} can be obtained directly from a fully balanced resistor [[Bridge circuit|bridge]];{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sp/Wide_Band_Analog_Function_Multiplier.pdf |author1=Miller, Joseph A. |author2=Soltes, Aaron S. |author3=Scott, Ronald E. |publisher=[[Electronics (magazine)|Electronics]] |date=February 1955 |title=''Wide-band Analog Function Multiplier'' |access-date=15 June 2013}}{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sp/A_Wide-Band_Square-Law_Circuit_Element.pdf |author=Soltes, Aaron S. |publisher=[[Institute of Radio Engineers|IRE]] |date=April 1955 |title=''A Wide-Band Square-Law Circuit Element'', IRE Transactions - Electron Devices |access-date=26 July 2019}} • on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sp/sp192.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] cf. ЛФ-2 ff. ==={{anchor|OER}}'''R'''=== ===={{anchor|OERK}}'''RK'''==== [[Raytheon Technologies|Raytheon]]: *'''RK61''' – Miniature, gas-filled, directly heated [[thyratron]] designed specifically to operate like a [[Triode|vacuum triode]] below its ignition voltage, allowing it to both amplify analog signals and work as a [[Relaxation oscillator#Pearson–Anson oscillator|relaxation oscillator]], for use as a [[Regenerative circuit|self-quenching superregenerative detector]] up tp 100 MHz in [[radio control]] receivers, activating a [[relay]] in its anode circuit when a carrier wave is received, 4-pin all-glass pigtailed, 1.4 V, 45 mA filament, Ua=45 V, Ia=1.5 mA.{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/138/r/RK61.pdf |title=''Subminiature gas triode type RK61'' data sheet |publisher=[[Raytheon Technologies|Raytheon Company]] |access-date=1 May 2017}} *'''RK62''' – RK61's predecessor, marketed since 1938.{{cite web |url=http://www.rchalloffame.org/Exhibits/Exhibit18/index.html |title=''Ed Lorenz Mystery Tube'' |access-date=1 May 2017}} This was the major technical development which led to the wartime development of radio-controlled weapons and the parallel development of [[radio-controlled model|radio controlled modelling]] as a hobby.George Honnest-Redlich ''Radio Control for Models (1950)'' p. 7 ==={{anchor|OES}}'''S'''=== ===={{anchor|OESB}}'''SB'''==== [[File:Selectron tube p1270778.jpg|103 px|thumb|right|SB256]][[RCA|Radio Corporation of America]]: *'''SB256''' – 256-bit [[Selectron tube]], an early form of digital [[computer memory]]{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sp/SB256.pdf |publisher=[[RCA]] Electron Tube Division |title=''SB256 Selective Electrostatic Storage Tube'' data sheet |date=November 1951 |access-date=4 November 2017}}[http://www.rcaselectron.com/thetextpage.html Charles S. Osborne] • on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sp/sp136.php lampes-et-tubes] ===={{anchor|OESC}}'''SC'''==== [[Sylvania Electric Products|Sylvania]]: *'''SC2795''', '''SC3863''' (3", 7.6cm), '''SC3144''', '''SC3154''' (9", 23cm) – [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]]s with an unphosphored front glass but with fine wires embedded in it for use as [[Printer (computing)#Liquid ink electrostatic printers|electrostatic print head]]s. The wires would pass the electron beam current through the glass onto a sheet of paper where the desired content was therefore deposited as an electrical charge pattern. The paper was then passed near a pool of liquid ink with the opposite charge. The charged areas of the paper attract the ink and thus form the image; cf. CK1366, CK1367, CK1368, CK1369 *'''SC3304''' (3"), '''SC3507''', '''SC3800''', '''SC3876''' (10", 25cm), '''SC3850''' (5", 13cm) – CRTs with a fiberoptic faceplate for use as [[Black and white|B/W]] photoprinter heads, P11 blue, short-persistence [[phosphor]] *'''SC3093''' – 3" [[Character generator]] [[monoscope]] for [[text mode]] video rendering in [[Video display terminal#Early VDUs|early computer monitors]] and electrostatic printers, with a 2×2" (5×5cm) square target having letters, digits and symbols patterned on it in a customer-supplied 8×8 array. An electron beam selects and scans a character, both by appropriate electrostatic deflection, and generates an [[Luma (video)|analog video signal]]; cf. 4560, CK1414, TH9503 *'''SC3185''' (21", 53cm, P4 white), '''SC3369''' (16", 41cm, P7 blue/yellow, short/long-persistence), '''SC3821''' (7", 18cm, P14 purple/orange, medium/long), '''SC3875''' (19", 48cm, P14) – ''Character Writing Tube'', CRTs with both magnetic deflection for character positioning, and electrostatic deflection for character writing from SC3093 output *'''SC4876''' (21"), '''SC4899''' (8", 20cm) – ''[[Penetron]]''-type red-to-white limited-[[gamut]] CRTs ==={{anchor|OET}}'''T'''=== British [[General Electric Company]]: *'''TuneOn''' – Early neon-filled bar graph tuning indicator, a glass tube with a short wire anode and a long wire cathode that glows partially, the glow length is proportional to the tube current[https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/060/t/TUNEON.pdf TuneOn data sheet] *'''TuneOn Button''' – Early ''glow modulator'' used as a budget-priced tuning indicator – a [[neon lamp]] whose brightness is proportional to the tube current[https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/060/t/TUNEON-BUTTON.pdf TuneOn Button data sheet] [[Standard Telephones and Cables]]/Brimar: *'''Tunograph''' – Precursor of the "Magic Eye" tuning indicator first introduced in 1933, a tiny [[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] with 1-axis [[electrostatic deflection]] and a [[phosphor]]ed target at 45° to the electron beam, so the projected green dot can be observed from the side[http://lampes-et-tubes.info/ti/ti014.php BRIMAR (STC) Tunograph, Visual Tuning Indicator] on lampes-et-tubes • [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/156/t/TUNOGRAPH.pdf Tunograph data sheet] ===={{anchor|OETH}}'''TH'''==== [[Compagnie Française Thomson-Houston]]: *'''TH8102E20''' (24cm, 9"),{{rp|159ff}} '''TH8104E21''' (54cm, 21"){{rp|165ff}} – ''[[Penetron]]''-type red-to-green limited-[[gamut]] CRT *'''TH9503''' – ''Scripticon'', a [[character generator]] [[monoscope]] for [[text mode]] video rendering in [[Video display terminal#Early VDUs|early computer monitors]], with a square target having letters, digits and symbols patterned on it in an (optionally customer-supplied) 8×8 array. An electron beam selects and scans a character, both by appropriate magnetic deflection, and generates an [[Luma (video)|analog video signal]];{{cite web |url=https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/200/t/TH9503.pdf |publisher=[[Compagnie Française Thomson-Houston]], division tubes electroniques, Paris (France) |title=''TH9503 Scripticon character generating cathode ray tube'' data sheet |date=January 1968 |access-date=27 September 2017}} cf. 4560, CK1414, SC3093 ===={{anchor|OETT}}'''TT'''==== [[Bendix Corporation|Bendix]]: *'''TT8''', '''TT9''', '''TT13''', '''TT15''', '''TT17''', '''TT18''', '''TT20''', '''TT21''', '''TT22''' – ''Chronotron'', integrating, balanced-bridge hot-wire/PTC time delay devices [[Marconi-Osram Valve|Marconi-Osram Valve Company]]: *'''TT11''' – Low-power VHF '''t'''ransmitting beam power '''t'''etrode *'''TT21''' = '''7623''' (6.3 V/1.6 A heater), '''TT22''' = '''7624''' (12.6 V/800 mA heater) – 37.5 W AF/RF beam power tetrode up to 30 MHz, derived from [[KT88]] *'''TT100''' – RF beam power tetrode ==={{anchor|OEV}}'''V'''=== ===={{anchor|OEVHT}}'''VHT'''==== [[Ferranti]]: *'''VHT1''' – [[Pentagrid converter]], 1933 ===Lettered Loctal tubes used in [[Philco]] radios=== *'''FM1000''' – Unusual [[Pentagrid converter|pentagrid]] for use as oscillator and [[Coincidence circuit|coincidence]]-type [[phase detector]] in a [[Phase-locked loop|PLL]] [[Detector (radio)#Quadrature detector|FM quadrature detector]]. The anode signal is loosely coupled into the oscillator [[LC circuit|tank]] and pulls it to stay [[In-phase and quadrature components|quadrature-phase]]-locked with the IF,[https://web.archive.org/web/20160311115913/http://www.philcorepairbench.com/tube/fm1000.htm FM1000] on [https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_fm1000.html radiomuseum.org] manufactured by [[Sylvania Electric Products|Sylvania]] and used in [[Philco]] AM/FM radios of the late 1940s and early 1950s; predecessor of the [[nonode]] approach *'''XXB''' – Medium-mu twin triode, also numbered 3C6/XXB *'''XXD''' – Medium-mu twin triode, also numbered 14AF7/XXD *'''XXFM''' – High-mu triode, twin diode (one shares its cathode with the triode, one with separate cathode), also numbered 7X7/XXFM *'''XXL''' – Medium-mu triode, also numbered 7A4/XXL =={{anchor|O1925}}List of other tubes c. 1925–35{{anchor|List of tubes used in 1920s and 1930s radio receivers}}== {{cite web |url=http://messui.polygonal-moogle.com/valves/VR198808.pdf |author=Lankshear, Peter |publisher=[[Electronics (magazine)|Electronics]] Australia |date=August 1988 |title=''The Methuselah of valves'' |access-date=1 May 2017}} ===Tubes with directly heated cathodes=== ====With a 1 Volt DC filament==== Powered by a [[Battery (vacuum tube)|storage battery]] ("B+" anode), and one 1.5 volt [[dry cell]] with a [[rheostat]] ("A" filament) *'''215A''' (Western Electric) = '''4215A''' (STC/Brimar) – Directly heated miniature AF/IF/detector triode, 1 V/250 mA filament, ''Peanut'' 4-stub bayonet base *'''[[WD-11]]''', '''WD-12''' (UV4 base), '''WX-12''' (UX4 base) – Directly heated amplifier/detector triodes, 1.1 V/250 mA filament ====With a 2 Volts DC filament==== Powered by a storage battery (anode), and one 2 volt [[lead–acid battery|lead-acid cell]] (filament) *'''19''' – Dual power triode, also used in [[Antique radio#Farm radios|farm radios]] with 6-volt [[vibrator (electronic)|vibrator]] power supplies; early version of Octal type 1J6G *'''20''' (since c. 1932) = '''UX-120''' (before c. 1932) – Power triode *'''22''' = '''UX-222''' = '''CX-322''' – Sharp-cutoff tetrode *'''25S''' = '''1B5''' – Dual detector diode + [[Control grid#Effects of grid position|medium-mu]] triode, usually numbered 1B5/25S *'''30''' = '''RCA-230''' = '''CX-330''' – Medium-mu/power triode popular amongst amateurs of the day; an upgraded version of type 01-A, early UX4 based version of Octal type 1H4G *'''31''' = '''RCA-231''' = '''CX-331''' – Power triode, UX4 based *'''32''' = '''RCA-232''' = '''CX-332''' – Sharp-cutoff tetrode *'''33''' = '''RCA-233''' = '''C-333''' – Power pentode *'''34''' = '''RCA-234''' = '''CX-334''' – Remote-cutoff tetrode *'''49''' – Dual-grid power triode; similar to type 46 ====With a 3.3 Volts DC filament==== Powered by a storage battery (anode), and three dry cells with a rheostat (filament) *'''V99''' = '''UV-199''' – Directly heated low-mu amplifier/detector triode, 3.3 V/60 mA filament; X99 with a 4-stub bayonet base and a different pinout *'''X99''' = '''UX-199''' – V99 with 4 standard pins and a different pinout ====With a 4 Volts DC filament==== Powered by a storage battery (anode), and two lead-acid cells (filament) *'''[[Loewe 3NF|3NF]]''' – Tube-based "integrated circuit" with 3 triodes + [[Electronic component#Passive components|passive components]] (audion, AF preamp and power amp) in the same envelope, 4 V/350 mA heater[[Loewe (electronics)|Loewe]] [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/rt/LOEWE.pdf short form data listing] • on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/rt/rt175.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] • on [http://www.electricstuff.co.uk/loewe.html Mike's Electric Stuff] [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:3NF|class=noviewer|alt=]] ====With a 5 Volts DC filament==== Powered by a storage battery (anode), and three lead-acid cells (cheap 6 volt vehicle crank battery) with a rheostat (filament) *'''00-A''' – Detector triode with a trace of [[argon]] - this is the number used in most tube manuals; numbers for earlier versions include: :*'''UV-200-A''' – Stub pins, bayonet socket :*'''UX-200-A''' = '''CX-300-A''' – Long pins, push-in socket *'''01-A''' – All-purpose low-mu triode, used as RF amplifier, detector, AF amplifier and power triode, most popular in the 1920s - this is the number used for replacements manufactured after 1930 and in tube manuals; numbers for early versions include: :*'''UV-201-A''' – Stub pins, bayonet socket :*'''UX-201-A''' = '''CX-301-A''' – Long pins, push-in socket :'''Note:''' There were four tubes in the "01" series, each with different filament current ratings: :*'''UV 201''' and '''UX 201''' – 1.0 A :*'''01-A''' ('''UV 201-A''', '''UX 201-A''', etc.) – 250 mA, most commonly used :*'''UX 201-B''' – 125 mA :*'''UX 201-C''' – 60 mA *'''12-A''' = '''112-A''' = '''UX-112-A''' = '''CX-112-A''' – Medium-mu triode, often used as detector, audio driver or audio output, but not as an RF amplifier *'''40''' = '''UX-240''' – Medium-mu triode. Introduced in 1927, this was an upgraded version of the "01" series which had an amplification factor of 8, while type 40 had an amplification factor of 30 (by comparison, the two AC triodes introduced in the same time period – types 26 and 27 – had amplification factors of 8.3 and 9, respectively). Because this was the highest-amplification triode available, advertising literature of the time lists it as a high-mu triode, although it is now classified as a medium-mu triode. Type 40 had the highest amplification factor of any triode until the introduction in 1932 of 2A6 diode/triode, which had an amplification factor of 100. It also had the highest amplification factor of any DC filament triode until the introduction in 1939 of 1H5GT/DAC32 (Octal) and 1LH4 (Loctal) diode/triodes, which both had amplification factors of 65 ====Directly AC-heated power tubes==== Used with a small, wirewound potentiometer across the floating heater supply with its slider tied to signal ground, to cancel out [[mains hum]] *'''10''' = '''UX-210''' = '''CX-310''' – 12 W Power triode, 7.5 V/1.25 A filament *'''26''' = '''UX-226''' = '''CX-326''' – Medium-mu triode, 1.5 V/1.05 A filament, used in early AC radio receivers manufactured in the late 1920s as an RF or AF amplifier, but not as a detector or power output tube *'''45''' = '''UX-245''' = '''CX-345''' – 2 W Power triode, 2.5 V/1.5 A filament *'''46''' – 1.25 W Dual-grid power triode, 2.5 V/1.75 A filament (technically a tetrode). Two modes of operation available: :#Grid 2 tied to anode for use as single-tube [[Power amplifier classes#Class A|Class-A]] audio driver :#Grids 1 and 2 connected together for use as push-pull Class-B output *'''47''' = '''RCA-247''' = '''C-347''' – 2.7 W Power pentode, 2.5 V/1.75 A filament *'''50''' = '''UX-250''' = '''CX-350''' – 4.6 W Power triode, 7.5 V/1.25 A filament *'''71-A''' = '''171-A''' = '''UX-171-A''' = '''CX-371-A''' – 790 mW Power triode, 5 V/250 mA filament ====Directly AC-heated rectifier tubes==== *'''80''' = '''UX-280''' = '''CX-380''' – Full-wave rectifier used in early power supplies or ''[[battery eliminator]]s''; similar to [[5Y3]]G *'''81''' = '''UX-281''' = '''CX-381''' – Half-wave rectifier *'''82''' – Full-wave [[Mercury-arc valve|mercury-vapor rectifier]] *'''83''' – Full-wave mercury-vapor rectifier :*'''83-V''' – High-vacuum version of type 83; early UX4 based version of Octal type 5V4G ===Tubes with indirectly heated cathodes=== ====With a DC heater==== *'''15''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode, 2 V/220 mA heater, designed for [[Autodyne|Autodyne circuits]] requiring a separate (=indirectly heated) cathode, used in [[Antique radio#Farm radios|farm radios]] *'''48''' – Power tetrode, 30 V/400 mA heater, designed for use on 115-volt DC mains systems, popular in 32-volt farm radios where two parallel or push-pull-connected 48s can deliver a modest audio power with anode and screen voltages as low as 28 volt; cf. 28D7W ====With a 2.5 Volts heater==== Powered by an AC transformer or a 2-cell [[Nickel–cadmium battery|NiCd]] *'''24''' = '''UY-224''' = '''C-324''' – Sharp-cutoff tetrode, UX5 based :*'''24-A''' = '''UY-224A''' = '''C-324A''' – Upgraded 24 *'''27''' = '''UY-227''' = '''C-327''' – Medium-mu triode, UX5 based, the first North American tube with an indirectly heated cathode, which is necessary for detector circuits in AC powered tube radios *'''35''' = '''UY-235''' = '''C-335''' – Remote-cutoff tetrode, UX5 based, commonly branded as 35/51 *'''51''' – Similar to 35, commonly branded as 35/51 *'''53''' – Dual power triodes, Class-B, UX7 based; except for heater, similar to 6A6 and Octal based 6N7 *'''55''' – Dual-diode, medium-mu triode, UX6 based; except for heater, similar to type 85, and Octal based 6V7G, but not to 75 *'''56''' – Medium-mu triode, UX5 based; except for heater, similar to 76, and Octal based 6P5G *'''57''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode used in [[Cabinetry|cabinet]] and [[Fireplace mantel|mantel]] radio receivers, UX6 based; except for heater, similar to 6C6 and Octal based 6J7G, and somewhat similar to type 77 *'''58''' – Remote-cutoff pentode, UX6 based; except for heater, similar to 6D6 and Octal based 6U7G, but not to 78 *'''59''' – 3 W Power pentode, 2.5 V/2 A heater, UX7 based. Three modes of operation available: :#Standard pentode circuit for use as single-tube [[Power amplifier classes#Class A|Class-A]] audio driver :#Grids 2 and 3 tied to anode (triode strap) for use as single-tube Class-A audio driver :#Grids 1 and 2 connected together, Grid 3 tied to anode for use as push-pull Class-B output ====With a 4 Volts heater==== Powered by an AC transformer or two lead-acid cells *'''2HF''' – Tube-based "integrated circuit" with 2 tetrodes + [[Electronic component#Passive components|passive components]] (2-stage RF preamp) in the same envelope, 4 V/165 mA heater *'''2HMD''' – Same with 2 pentodes + passive components (mixer and oscillator), 4 V/1.5 A heater *'''2NF''' – Same with 2 triodes + passive components (AF preamp and power amp), 4 V/600 mA heater *'''3NFW''', '''3NFK''', '''3NFL''' – Same as 3NF with a 4 V/1 A indirect heater (audion, AF preamp and power amp) *'''3NFBat''', '''3NFNet''' – Same as 3NF with a 4 V/125 mA indirect heater (audion, AF preamp and power amp) ====With a 6.3 Volts heater==== Powered by an AC transformer or a vehicle crank battery *'''1-V''' = '''KR-1''' – Half-wave rectifier, UX4 based, often branded as type 1V/6Z3 *'''36''' = '''RCA-236''' = '''C-336''' – Sharp-cutoff tetrode, UX5 based *'''37''' = '''RCA-237''' = '''C-337''' – Medium-mu triode, UX5 based *'''38''' = '''RCA-238''' – Power pentode, UX5 based *'''39''' – Remote-cutoff pentode, UX5 based, commonly branded as 39/44 *'''41''' – Power pentode; early UX6 based version of Octal type 6K6G, and Loctal type 7B5 *'''42''' – Power pentode; early UX6 based version of Octal type 6F6G, and except for heater, similar to types 2A5 and 18 *'''44''' – Similar to type 39, commonly branded as 39/44 *'''75''' – Dual diode + high-mu triode; early UX6 based version of Octal types 6B6G & 6SQ7GT, and Loctal type 7B6, and Miniature 7-pin type 6AV6/EBC91. Also except for heater, similar to 2A6 *'''76''' – Medium-mu triode; early UX5 based version of Octal type 6P5G *'''77''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode; early UX6 based version of Octal type 6J7G *'''78''' – Remote-cutoff pentode; early UX6 based version of Octal type 6K7G *'''79''' – Dual power triode; early UX6 based version of Octal type 6Y7G *'''84''' – Full-wave rectifier, often branded as type 84/6Z4; early UX5 based version of Octal type 6X5GT, and Loctal 7Y4, and Miniature 7-pin 6X4 *'''85''' – Dual diode + medium-mu triode; early UX6 based version of Octal type 6V7G, except for heater voltage similar to type 55. Also somewhat similar to Octal type 6SR7GT and Miniature 7-pin types 6BF6 *'''89''' – 3.4 W Power pentode, 6.3 V/400 mA heater, UX6 based. Three modes of operation available: :#Standard pentode circuit for use as single-tube [[Power amplifier classes#Class A|Class-A]] audio driver :#Grids 2 and 3 tied to anode (triode strap) for use as single-tube Class-A audio driver :#Grids 1 and 2 connected together, Grid 3 tied to anode for use as push-pull Class-B output ====With an AC/DC series heater==== *'''43''' – Power pentode, 25 V/300 mA series heater; early UX6 based version of Octal type 25A6G *'''MO44''' – Tube-based "integrated circuit" with 2 tetrodes + 1 capacitor (mixer and oscillator), 35 V/[[#180mADC|{{color|Green|180 mA series heater}}]] *'''WG33''' – Same with 2 triodes + 1 power tetrode + [[Electronic component#Passive components|passive components]] (audion, AF preamp and power amp) in the same envelope, 50 V/180 mA series heater, 9+3-pin base with three top caps *'''WG34''' – Same with 1 pentode + 1 power tetrode + passive components (audion, AF preamp and power amp), 50 V/180 mA series heater, 12-pin base *'''WG35''' – Same with 1 pentode + 1 diode + 1 power tetrode + passive components (detector, AF [[Variable-gain amplifier|variable-gain preamp]] and power amp), 63 V/180 mA series heater, 12-pin base with a tetrode grid top cap *'''WG36''' – Same with 1 triode + 2 pentrodes (mixer, oscillator and IF amp), 65 V/180 mA series heater, 12-pin base *'''WG37''' – Same with 1 tetrode + 2 pentodes + passive components (RF preamp, audion and AF power amp), 75 V/180 mA series heater, 12-pin base *'''WG38''' – Same with 2 pentodes + 1 triode ===1920s Transmitting tubes=== [[Marconi-Osram Valve|Marconi-Osram Valve Company]]: *'''MT7A''', '''MT7B''' – 12 kV, 600 W Radiation-cooled power triodes with a [[molybdenum]] anode, 15 V/10 A filament{{cite book |last1=Jessop |first1=George R. |last2=Vyse |first2=Barry |year=2000 |title=The Saga of Marconi Osram Valve |publisher=Vyse Books Ltd., Pinner, Middlesex, UK |isbn=0-9539127-0-1}} In: {{cite magazine |url=https://www.bvws.org.uk/publications/bulletins/pdf/BVWS_Bulletin_24_4.pdf |title=Extracts, part 1 |publisher=The British Vintage Wireless Society |magazine=BVWS Bulletin |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=12ff |access-date=1 May 2017}}; {{cite magazine |url=https://www.bvws.org.uk/publications/bulletins/pdf/BVWS_Bulletin_25_1.pdf |title=Extracts, part 2 |magazine=BVWS Bulletin |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=9ff |access-date=6 February 2021}}; {{cite magazine |url=https://www.bvws.org.uk/publications/bulletins/pdf/BVWS_Bulletin_25_3.pdf |title=Extracts, part 3 |magazine=BVWS Bulletin |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=18ff |access-date=6 February 2021}} ===Cardon-Sparton nonstandard tubes=== Used in [[Sparton Records|Sparton]] AC radios[https://spartonequasonne.webs.com/spartontubes.htm Sparton tube data]{{rp|176ff}} —with a 3-volts heater: *'''485''' – Indirectly heated triode, circa 1929; similar to types 56 and 76, but with a 3.0 V/1.3 A heater, and lower anode voltage —with a 5-volts filament: *'''482B''' = '''182B''' – Directly heated power triode, 5.0 V/1.25 A filament, circa 1929; replacements often numbered 182B/482B, similar to type 71-A, but with higher anode voltage *'''483''' = '''183''' – Directly heated power triode, circa 1929; replacements often numbered 183/483; similar to type 45, but with a 5.0 V/1.25 A filament ===Shielded tubes for Majestic radios=== In the early 1930s, the Grigsby-Grunow Company – makers of [[Majestic Radios|Majestic brand radios]] – introduced the first American-made tubes to incorporate metal shields. These tubes had metal particles sprayed onto the glass envelope, copying a design common to European tubes of the time. Early types were spray-shielded versions of tube types already in use (the shield was connected to the cathode). The Majestic numbers of these tube types, which are usually etched on the tube's base, have a "G" prefix (for '''G'''rigsby-'''G'''runow) and an "S" suffix (for '''s'''hielded). Later types incorporated an extra pin in the base so that the shield could be connected directly to the chassis. Grigsby-Grunow did not spray-shield rectifier tubes (except for type 6Y5 listed below) or power output tubes.{{rp|178ff}} Replacement versions from other manufacturers, such as [[Sylvania Electric Products|Sylvania]], [[Tung-Sol]] or [[General Electric]], tend to incorporate the less expensive, form-fitting {{H:title|Goat Radio Tube Parts Inc, Brooklyn, New York, USA|''Goat'' brand}} shields that are cemented to the glass envelope. ;Early types based on existing tubes Non-shielded versions may be used, but add-on shielding is recommended *'''G-2A7-S''' – [[Pentagrid converter]] *'''G-2B7-S''' – Dual detector diode + semiremote-cutoff pentode *'''G-6A7-S''' – Pentagrid converter *'''G-6B7-S''' – Dual detector diode + semiremote-cutoff pentode *'''G-6F7-S''' – Medium-mu triode + remote-cutoff pentode *'''G-25-S''' – Dual detector diode + medium-mu triode, for 2.0 volt storage battery radios; glass type 1B5/25S used for replacement *'''G-51-S''' – Remote-cutoff tetrode *'''G-55-S''' – Dual detector diode + medium-mu triode *'''G-56-S''' – Medium-mu triode, 2.5 V/1.0 A heater :*'''G-56A-S''' – 56 or G-56-S with a 6.3 V heater; original version of type 76, but with a 400 mA heater *'''G-57-S''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode, 2.5 V/1.0 A heater :*'''G-57A-S''' – 57 or G-57-S with a 6.3 V heater; original version of type 6C6, but with a 400 mA heater *'''G-58-S''' – Remote-cutoff pentode, 2.5 V/1.0 A heater :*'''G-58A-S''' – 58 or G-58-S with a 6.3 V heater; original version of type 6D6, but with a 400 mA heater *'''G-85-S''' – Similar to G-55-S, but with 6.3 V heater ;Later types *'''6C7''' – Dual detector diode + medium-mu triode, 7-pin base with shield on pin 3; similar to later Octal types 6R7 and 6SR7 *'''6D7''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode; 6C6 with 7-pin base with shield on pin 5 *'''6E7''' – Remote-cutoff pentode; 6D6 with 7-pin base with shield on pin 5 *'''6Y5''' – Dual rectifier diode; similar to type 84/6Z4, but with 6-pin base with shield on pin 2 ;Other tubes unique to Majestic radios *'''G-2-S''' and '''G-4-S''' – Dual detector diodes with common cathodes, spray-shielded, both tubes have 2.5 V heaters, the first detector diodes packaged in a separate tube; forerunners of Octal type 6H6. G-2-S is larger and has a 1.75 A heater. Type G-4-S has a 1.0 A heater. Later [[Sylvania Electric Products|Sylvania]] replacement type 2S/4S has a 1.35 A heater *'''2Z2''' = '''G-84''' – Half-wave rectifier diode with 2.5 V indirectly heated cathode; a lower-voltage variant of type 81. Not interchangeable with type 6Z4/84 *'''6Z5''' = '''12Z5''' – Full-wave rectifier; similar to types 6Z4/84 and 6X5, but with a center-tapped 12.6 V heater ===Rarely used tubes=== *'''14''' – Similar to 24-A but with a 14 V/300 mA heater. Used in [[Philco]] models 46 and 46E *'''17''' – Similar to 27 but with a 14 V/300 mA heater. Used in Philco models 46 and 46E *'''18''' – Similar to 2A5 and 42 but with a 14 V/300 mA heater. No known commercial use *'''29''' – ''[[Wunderlich (vacuum tube)|Wunderlich]] [[Detector (radio)|detector]]''. Known to have been manufactured by [[Sylvania Electric Products|Sylvania]] *'''52''' – Dual grid power triode, 6.3 V filament, most commonly used in early [[Vehicle audio|car radios]]; similar to types 46 and 49 *'''64''' – Sharp-cutoff tetrode; except for 400 mA heater, similar to 36 *'''65''' – Remote-cutoff pentode; except for 400 mA heater, similar to 39 *'''67''' – [[Control grid#Effects of grid position|Medium-mu]] triode; except for 400 mA heater, similar 37 *'''68''' – Power pentode; except for 400 mA heater, similar to 38 *'''69''' – ''Wunderlich detector'' *'''70''' – ''Wunderlich detector'' used in Mission Bell model 19 car radio. Listed in early Philco tube lists *'''90''' – ''Wunderlich detector'' *'''92''' – ''Wunderlich detector'' *'''95''' – Original number of type 2A5 *'''181''' – Power triode *'''213''' = '''UX-213''' – Early version of type 80 *'''216''' = '''UX-216-B''' – Early version of type 81 =={{anchor|O1915}}List of other tubes before c. 1925== [[Philips]] (Typecode explained [[#Philips system before 1934|{{color|Green|above}}]]): *'''B2''' – Directly heated triode, 1.7 V/150 mA filament *'''B6''' – Directly heated tetrode, 1.7 V/150 mA filament *'''D1''' – Directly heated, gas-filled triode, 3.5 V/500 mA filament, used in 1920s [[Tuned radio frequency receiver|TRF]] and [[Regenerative circuit|regenerative]] radios *'''D2''' – Directly heated triode, 3.5 V/500 mA filament *'''D3''' – Directly heated triode, 3.0 V/500 mA filament *'''D4''' – Directly heated, gas-filled triode, 3.5 V/500 mA filament *'''D5''' – Directly heated triode, 3.5 V/500 mA filament *'''D6''' – Directly heated tetrode, 3.5 V/500 mA filament *'''E''' – Directly heated triode, 4 V/700 mA filament, derived from the French '''TM''' tube [[Marconi-Osram Valve|Marconi-Osram Valve Company]]: *'''R''' – Directly heated triode derived from the French '''TM''' tube and used by many amateurs in the 1920s[http://www.r-type.org/exhib/aaa0106.htm R-type tube] on r-type.org [[File:2015-03-07 - Thinktank - Sasha Taylor - 74.JPG|107 px|thumb|right|"Loupiote" – a TM tube]][[La Compagnie des Lampes#Compagnie des Lampes (1888)|E.C.&A. Grammont and Compagnie des Lampes (1888)]]: *'''[[TM (triode)|TM]]''' – [[Triode|High-vacuum triode]] for amplification and detection of radio signals, developed in France and made since 1915.{{cite magazine |url=https://www.bvws.org.uk/publications/bulletins/pdf/BVWS_Bulletin_25_2.pdf |title=About the French TM valve |first=Fons |last=Van Bergen |publisher=The British Vintage Wireless Society |magazine=BVWS Bulletin |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=20ff |year=2000 |access-date=1 May 2017}}{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/GrandeEtPetiteHistoireDeLaLampeTm |title=Grande et Petite Histoire de la Lampe TM |first=Robert |last=Champeix |publisher=Les Anciens de la Radio et de l'Électronique |language=fr |access-date=1 May 2017}}[http://www.r-type.org/exhib/abo0009.htm TM tube]; [http://www.r-type.org/exhib/aac0046.htm Horned tube] on r-type.org{{cite web |url=http://www.r-type.org/articles/art-020.htm |title=Why the French R valve? |author=Gerald Garratt [[Call signs in the United Kingdom|G5CS]] |access-date=1 May 2017}} It became the standard receiving and amplifying tube of the [[Triple Entente|Entente countries]] during World War I, and the first mass-produced radio tube. TM's production volume in France alone is estimated at 1.1 million units; in addition, the production of TM and/or improved variants was started in the UK ([[Marconi-Osram Valve|M-OV]] '''R''' tube), the Netherlands ([[Philips]] '''E''' tube), the United States and the Soviet Union ('''Р-5'''↦'''R-5''').([[:ru:TM (триод)|ru]]) :The TM was developed in 1914–15 by the French military telecommunications service ''Télégraphie Militaire'' on the initiative of their technical director [[Gustave-Auguste Ferrié]]. He and his assistant, physicist [[Henri Abraham]], visited the American laboratories on a number of occasions and were aware of the works of [[Lee de Forest]], [[Reginald A. Fessenden]] and [[Irving Langmuir]]. They knew that de Forest's Audion and [[H. J. Round|Henry Round's]] British tube were unreliable and imperfect, and Langmuir's ''Pliotron'' was too complex for mass production. They also knew about the latest German developments: Soon after the outbreak of the war, Ferrié received extensive information from a former [[Telefunken]] employee, the Frenchman Paul Pichon, who, upon return from a mission from his German employer to gather samples of the latest triodes from the US, had to surrender himself and the samples to the French. The samples Pichon brought performed poorly due to insufficient vacuum. Following the ideas of Langmuir, Ferrié required the industry to guarantee a high vacuum in series production. :In October 1914, Ferrié, Abraham and François Péri from the radiotelegraph centre in [[Lyon]]/La-Doua([[:fr:La Doua|fr]]) went to the [[Incandescent light bulb|light bulb]] department of ''Société des Téléphones E.C.&Alexandre Grammont'' in Lyon to develop with them a triode suitable for mass production. The first prototypes, mere copies of de Forest's ''Audion'', proved to be unreliable and unstable; the next ones were rejected for being too complex. Only the fourth prototype developed in December 1914, with a vertical coaxial system, an [[Edison screw]] lamp base for the filament and additional side terminals for anode and grid, was deemed suitable for series production, which started in February 1915 and stopped in October 1915 when it became clear that the vertical structure of "Abraham's Lamp" was too fragile and too many tubes were damaged during transport. Ferrié asked Péri to resolve the problem, and two days later Péri and Jacques Biguet came up with a horizontal coaxial system on the latest four-pin type "A4A" base. The series production of the Péri/Biguet tubes, named '''TM''' after Ferrié's service unit, began in November 1915 under Grammont's ''Radio Fotos'' brand; this variant became highly successful, and when demand started to exceed Grammont's production capacity, Compagnie des Lampes (1888) in [[Ivry-sur-Seine]] also started production under their ''Métal'' brand. Ferrié and Abraham were nominated for the 1916 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] for their work in the field of radio communications. :The TM is a cylindrical/coaxial triode; the directly heated cathode is a filament made of pure [[tungsten]] with a diameter of 60 µm, the anode is a [[nickel]] cylinder with a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 15 mm. The dimensions and material of the grid depend on the place of production – the Grammont plant in Lyon used [[molybdenum]] wire, the CdL plant in Ivry-sur-Seine used nickel. The diameter of the grid spiral is 4 resp. 4.5 mm. The filament required 4 V and 700 mA to bring it up to white heat; the bright glow prompted Grammont in 1923 to start producing TM tubes with dark blue glass envelopes to protect the eyes of radio operators from the blinding glare, and hide the harmless, but unsightly plaque of metal particles inevitably deposited on the inner wall of the bulb while evacuating during production – but also prevented the triodes' previous, secondary use as light sources, which had earned them their nickname ''[[wiktionary:fr:loupiote|Loupiote]]'' ("little lamp"). :The TM could be used for their intended purpose, amplifying and detecting signals in radio receivers, or as power oscillators in low-power radio transmitters, and also, by paralleling of several tubes, as AF power amplifiers. The Soviet analogue of the TM, the triode R-5, could withstand anode voltages of up to 500...800 V, and was able to deliver a power of up to 1 W in [[Power amplifier classes#Class C|Class-C mode]], but only 40 mW in [[Power amplifier classes#Class A|Class-A mode]]. A typical single-TM radio receiver of World War I ran at Ua=40 V, Ug=0 V, Ia≈2 mA, [[Transconductance|gm]]=400 [[Siemens (unit)|µS]], [[Internal resistance|Ri]]=25 kΩ, [[Gain (electronics)|μ]]=10. With an anode voltage of 160 V and a grid bias of -2 V, the anode current was 3...6 mA, while the reverse grid current reached 1 µA.[[:File:TM triode curves.svg|Grid-anode curves for the Soviet R-5 triode]], a licensed clone of the French TM triode made by La Compagnie des Lampes (1888) :The problem of TM tubes was their short service life of 100 hours maximum – if the tube was manufactured in strict accordance with the specifications. In wartime, this was not always possible; due to raw materials supply problems, plants sometimes had to use substandard materials. Such tubes were marked with a cross; they differed from the standard by a higher [[Noise (electronics)|noise]] level and were prone to catastrophic failures due to cracks in the glass envelope. :{{Commons category-inline|French triode "Loupiote"}} ==List of Russian tubes== {{Commons category-inline|Soviet vacuum tubes}} {{Commons category-inline|Soviet gas discharge tubes}} ==={{anchor|RuS}}Standard tubes=== '''Note:''' Typecode explained [[#RuCS|{{color|Green|above}}]]. *'''5Ц3С''' ⟼ '''5C3S''' ([[#Shuguang|{{color|Green|Shuguang}}]] 5Z3P↤5Ц3П) – Full-wave rectifier [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:5Ts3S|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''6А2П''' ⟼ '''6A2P''' = '''6BE6/EK90''' = Shuguang '''6A2''' – Heptode [[pentagrid converter]] *'''6А7П''' ⟼ '''6A7P''' = '''6SA7''' = Shuguang '''6A7P''' – Heptode pentagrid converter *'''6Б8С''' ⟼ '''6B8S''' (6B8, EBF32, Shuguang 6B8P) – Dual diode + remote-cutoff pentode *'''6Ж1Ж''' ⟼ '''6J1J''' (954) – Indirectly heated ''[[Acorn tube|Acorn]]''-type sharp-cutoff pentode, 6.3 V heater *'''6Ж1П''' ⟼ '''6J1P''' = '''[[6AK5]]/EF95''' = Shuguang '''6J1''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode *'''6Ж4П''' ⟼ '''6J4P''' = '''6AU6/EF94''' = Shuguang '''6J4''' – Sharp-cutoff pentode *'''6Ж23П''' ⟼ '''6J23P''' (6BK8/6CF8/EF86) – Sharp-cutoff pentode *'''6К1Ж''' ⟼ '''6K1J''' (956) – Indirectly heated ''Acorn''-type remote-cutoff pentode, 6.3 V heater *'''6Л1П''' ⟼ '''6L1P''' – [[Nonode]] for [[Detector (radio)#Quadrature detector|FM quadrature detection]] *'''6Н1П''' ⟼ '''[[6N1P]]''' = Shuguang '''6N1''' (6BQ7A/ECC180) – Dual triode [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:6N1P|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''6Н2П''' ⟼ '''[[6N2P]]''' = Shuguang '''6N2''' ([[12AX7]]/ECC83) – Dual triode [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:6N2P|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''6Н3П''' ⟼ '''[[6N3P]]''' = '''2C51''' – Dual triode [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:6N3P|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''6Н8С''' ⟼ '''6N8S''' ([[6SN7]]/ECC33, Shuguang 6N8P) – Separate cathodes, [[Control grid#Effects of grid position|high-mu]] dual triode for use as a [[Flip-flop (electronics)|flip-flop]] in early Soviet computers such as [[Ural (computer)|Урал-1 and Урал-2]], Octal base[https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/113/6/6N8S.pdf 6N8S/6Н8С data sheet] • [http://www.computer-museum.ru/english/ural_1.php Урал-1] • [http://www.computer-museum.ru/english/ural_2.php Урал-2] *'''6Н9С''' ⟼ '''6N9S''' (6SL7/ECC35, Shuguang 6N9P) – Dual triode *'''6Н13С''' ⟼ '''6N13S''' (6AS7G/ECC230, Shuguang 6N13P) – Dual power triode *'''6Н14П''' ⟼ '''[[6N14P]]''' = '''6CW7/ECC84''' – Dual RF/VHF triode [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:6N14P|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''6Н23П''' ⟼ '''6N23P''' = '''[[6DJ8]]/ECC88''' – Dual triode [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:6N23P|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''6Н24П''' ⟼ '''[[6N24P]]''' = '''6FC7/ECC89''' – Dual RF/VHF triode for [[cascode]] amps [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:6N24P|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''6П1П''' ⟼ '''[[6P1P]]''' = Shuguang '''6P1''' (6AQ5/EL90) – Power pentode [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:6P1P|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''6П3С''' ⟼ '''6P3S''' ([[6L6|6L6GB]]) – Beam power tetrode [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:6P3S|class=noviewer|alt=]] :*'''6П3С-Е''' ⟼ '''6P3S-Ye''' (5881/6L6WGB) – Long-life version of 6П3С *'''6П6С''' ⟼ '''6P6S''' ([[6V6]]) – Beam power tetrode *'''6П14П''' ⟼ '''6P14P''' = '''6BQ5/[[EL84]]''' – Power pentode *'''6П27C''' ⟼ '''6P27S''' = '''6CA7/[[EL34]]''' – Power pentode *'''6П45С''' ⟼ '''6P45S''' – Beam power tetrode [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:6P45S|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''6С1Ж''' ⟼ '''6S1J''' ([[955 acorn triode|955]]) – Indirectly heated ''Acorn''-type triode, 6.3 V heater [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:6S1Zh|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''6С19П''' ⟼ '''6S19P''' – Power triode *'''6С33С''' ⟼ '''6S33S''' – Power triode for use in series-pass voltage regulators, ''Septar'' base [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:6S33S|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''6С51Н''', '''6С52Н''' ⟼ '''6S51N''', '''6S52N''' – ''[[Nuvistor]]'' triodes *'''6МН1Б''' ⟼ '''6MN1B''' – ''Mechanotron''-type([[:ru:Механотрон|ru]]) displacement sensor, a vacuum dual triode with one anode mounted on a shaft that extends through a diaphragm; cf. 5734 *'''6МХ1Б''' ⟼ '''6MH1B''' – ''Mechanotron''-type mechano-electronic displacement [[sensor]], a vacuum dual diode with one anode mounted on a shaft that extends through a thin, flexible metal diaphragm, shaft movement is reflected in the anode currents difference{{cite web |url=http://www.155la3.ru/datafiles/6mh1b.pdf |publisher=[[Moscow Electric Lamp Plant|МЭЛЗ/MELZ]] |title=Механотрон Типа 6МХ1Б data sheet |language=ru |access-date=7 August 2019}} • [http://www.155la3.ru/datafiles/6mh1b_tu.pdf other] *'''6МХ1С''' ⟼ '''6MH1S''' – ''Mechanotron''-type displacement sensor, a vacuum dual diode with both anodes mounted on a shaft that extends through a diaphragm{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sp/6MH1S.pdf |publisher=[[Moscow Electric Lamp Plant|МЭЛЗ/MELZ]] |title=Механотрон Типа 6МХ1С data sheet |language=ru |access-date=7 August 2019}} • on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sp/sp149.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] *'''6МДХ4С''' ⟼ '''6MDH4S''' – ''Mechanotron''-type pressure sensor, a vacuum dual diode with one anode mounted on a [[Pressure measurement#Bellows|bellows chamber]] that expands or contracts depending on external pressure{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sp/6MDH4S.pdf |publisher=[[Moscow Electric Lamp Plant|МЭЛЗ/MELZ]] |title=Механотрон Типа 6МДХ4С data sheet |language=ru |access-date=7 August 2019}} • on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sp/sp175.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] *'''6МУХ6П''' ⟼ '''6MUH6P''' – ''Mechanotron''-type rotation sensor, a vacuum dual diode with one anode mounted on a shaft that extends through a vacuum-tight bearing *'''13П1С''' ⟼ '''13P1S''' (Shuguang 13P1P↤13П1П) – Low (26-110 V) anode voltage AF beam power tetrode, for use in vehicle equipment; cf. 28D7W ==={{anchor|RuP}}Professional tubes=== '''Note:''' Typecode explained [[#RuCP|{{color|Green|above}}]]. *'''В1-0.15/55''' ⟼ '''V1-0.15/55''' – 55 kV, 150 mA Half-wave rectifier *'''ВИ1-5/20''' ⟼ '''VI1-5/20''' – 20 kV, 5 A Half-wave pulse rectifier *'''Г-807''' ⟼ '''G-807''' – Indirectly heated RF beam power tetrode; the Russian [[807 (vacuum tube)|807]] analogue *'''ГИ-7Б''' ⟼ '''GI-7B''' – Forced-air cooled, half-indirectly heated impulse triode up to 3.3 GHz *'''ГИ-70Б''' ⟼ '''GI-70B''' – ГИ-7Б without heat sink, for use with other cooling methods *'''ГМ-70''' ⟼ '''GM-70''' – 125 W Modulator triode *'''ГС-31Б''' ⟼ '''GS-31B''' – Half-indirectly heated UHF transmitter triode, 360 mW@500 MHz, 180 mW@1 GHz *'''ГС-37''' ⟼ '''GS-37''' – Half-indirectly heated ceramic/metal SHF [[frequency multiplier]] triode up to 8 GHz *'''ГУ-29''' ⟼ '''GU-29''' – Indirectly heated, dual VHF beam power tetrode *'''ГУ-50''' ⟼ '''[[GU-50]]''' – VHF transmitter pentode; similar to the German LS-50 (no direct U.S. equivalent) [[File:Commons-logo.svg|16x16px|link=:Commons:Category:GU-50|class=noviewer|alt=]] *'''ГУ-78Б''' ⟼ '''GU-78B''' – Linear VHF transmitter tetrode up to 250 MHz *'''Н-53''', '''Н-58''' ⟼ '''N-53''', '''N-58''' – ''[[Nuvistor]]'' triodes *'''Н-55''' ⟼ '''N-55''' – ''Nuvistor'' pentode *'''Н-59''' = '''6Э13Н''', '''Н-60''' = '''6Э14Н''' ⟼ '''N-59''' = '''6E13N''', '''N-60''' = '''6E14N''' – ''Nuvistor'' tetrodes *'''И3-70-0.8А''' ⟼ '''I3-70-0.8A''' – 800 V, 70 A Ignitron *'''И3-200-1.5А''' ⟼ '''I3-200-1.5A''' – 1.5 kV, 200 A Ignitron *'''ЛН22''' ⟼ '''LN22''' – [[Storage tube]];{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sc/LN22.pdf |title=ЛН22 data sheet |language=ru |access-date=31 August 2019}} on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sc/sc049.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] cf. 6835, 7570, 7571 *'''16ЛМ4Г''' ⟼ '''16LM4G''' – ''[[Skiatron]]'';{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/cr/16LM4G.pdf |title=16ЛМ4Г data sheet |language=ru |publisher=[[Moscow Electric Lamp Plant|МЭЛЗ/MELZ]] |access-date=31 August 2019}} on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/cr/cr148.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] cf. 4AP10 *'''10ЛО105А''' ⟼ '''10LO105A''' – [[Traveling-wave tube|TWT]]/[[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]] combination;{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/cr/10LO105A.pdf |title=10ЛО105А data sheet |language=ru |access-date=14 February 2021}} on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/cr/cr168.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] cf. 6762 ''Wamoscope'' *'''22ЛО1А''' ⟼ '''22LO1A''' – 5-Beam CRT{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/cr/cr062f.jpg |title=22ЛО1А data sheet |publisher=[[Moscow Electric Lamp Plant|МЭЛЗ/MELZ]] |language=ru |access-date=14 February 2021}} on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/cr/cr062.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] *'''ЛП-4''' ⟼ '''LP-4''' – Linear [[trochotron]], 26-pin ''[[Acorn tube|Acorn]]''-type all-glass pigtaled{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/cd/LP-4b.pdf |publisher=[[Moscow Electric Lamp Plant|МЭЛЗ/MELZ]] |title=Линейный Трохотрон Типа ЛП-4 data sheet |language=ru |access-date=10 July 2019}} on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/cd/cd184.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] *'''ЛП-5''' ⟼ '''LP-5''' – Binary trochotron, 26-pin ''Acorn''-type all-glass pigtaled{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sp/LP-5.pdf |publisher=[[Moscow Electric Lamp Plant|МЭЛЗ/MELZ]] |title=Бинарный Трохотрон Типа ЛП-5 data sheet |language=ru |access-date=10 July 2019}} on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sp/cd156.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] *'''ЛП-6''' ⟼ '''LP-6''' – Circular trochotron, 26-pin ''Acorn''-type all-glass pigtaled{{cite web |url=http://www.155la3.ru/datafiles/lp6_pasp.pdf |publisher=[[Moscow Electric Lamp Plant|МЭЛЗ/MELZ]] |title=Кольцевой Трохотрон Типа ЛП-6 data sheet |language=ru |access-date=10 July 2019}} *'''ЛФ-2''' ⟼ '''LF-2''' – [[Beam deflection tube|Beam deflection]] [[Function generator#Circuit elements|function generator]] tube for use in [[analog computer]]s to calculate {{math|''z'' {{=}} {{sfrac|''x''/''y''|''x''+''y''}}}};{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sc/LF2.pdf |title=ЛФ-2 data sheet |language=ru |access-date=10 July 2019}} on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sc/sc021.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] cf. QK329 *'''ЛФ-7''' ⟼ '''LF-7''' – Beam deflection function generator tube for use in analog computers{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sc/LF-7.pdf |title=ЛФ-7 data sheet |language=ru |access-date=10 July 2019}} on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sc/sc045.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] *'''ЛФ-9П''' ⟼ '''LF-9P''' – ''Polytron'', a beam deflection function generator tube for use in analog computers{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sc/LF-9P.pdf |title=ЭЛЕКТРОННОЛУЧЕВОЙ ПРИБОВ ЛФ-9П data sheet |language=ru |access-date=10 July 2019}} on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/sc/sc046.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] to integrate up to 10th order [[differential equation]]s *'''ОГ-3''' ⟼ '''OG-3''' – Bidirectional decade ''Counter [[Dekatron]]'' up to 20 kHz, filled with a helium/hydrogen mixture, violet glow *'''ОГ-4''' ⟼ '''OG-4''' – Bidirectional decade ''Counter Dekatron'' up to 2 kHz, neon-filled, orange-red glow *'''ОГ-5''' ⟼ '''OG-5''' – Improved ОГ-4, up to 10 kHz *'''ОГ-7''' ⟼ '''OG-7''' – Decade ''Counter Dekatron'' up to 50 kHz, argon-filled, blue glow *'''ОГ-8''' ⟼ '''OG-8''' – Unidirectional decade ''Counter Dekatron'' up to 100 kHz, argon-filled, blue glow *'''ОГ-9''' ⟼ '''OG-9''' – Unidirectional decade ''Counter Dekatron'' up to 2 kHz, neon-filled, orange-red glow *'''СГ203К''' ⟼ '''SG203K''' – 82 V [[Voltage-regulator tube|Voltage reference]] *'''СГ204К''' ⟼ '''SG204K''' – 164 V Voltage reference *'''ТГИ1-270/12''' ⟼ '''TGI1-270/12''' – 12 kV, 270 A Hydrogen thyratron *'''МТХ-90''' ⟼ '''MTH-90''' – Small neon-filled cold-cathode thyratron for use as a latching single-dot indicator, top-viewing, top of envelope acts as a magnifier, all-glass pigtaled, comes with a blob of solder on the end of each wire for rapid installing, like today's [[ball grid array]]s; cf. 7323, 7400, 7401, 7979, 395A *'''ЭПЛ-1''' ⟼ '''EPL-1''' – ''Electron bombarded semiconductor tube'', a tube where the anode is replaced by a [[p–n diode|semiconductor diode]] that is reverse-biased and when hit by the electron beam, generates a current;{{cite web |url=http://www.155la3.ru/datafiles/epl1_tu_1978.pdf |title=Электронно-полупроводниковая лампа ЭПЛ-1 data sheet |language=ru |access-date=10 July 2019}} cf. 7610 ==={{anchor|RuI}}Indicator tubes=== *'''ИГТ1-203Р''', '''ИГТ2-203Р''', '''ИГТ3-203Р''' ⟼ '''IGT1-203R''' (1-in-5 Major/minor [[Graduation (instrument)|graduation]]), '''IGT2-203R''' (flat graduation), '''IGT3-203R''' (1-in-10 arced graduation) – Neon-filled, planar, 203-segment linear [[Dekatron|glow-transfer]] [[Plasma display#History|plasma bar graph displays]] with five cathode strings{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/cd/IGT1-203R_b.pdf |title=ИГТ1-203Р data sheet |language=ru |access-date=14 February 2021}} on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/cd/cd155.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] *'''ИН-9''' ⟼ '''IN-9''' – Neon-filled bar graph indicator, a glass tube with a short anode and a long wire cathode that glows partially, the glow length is proportional to the tube current; cf. [[#OET|{{color|Green|GEC TuneOn}}]] *'''ИН-13''' ⟼ '''IN-13''' – ИН-9 with a starter cathode and a segmented indicating cathode{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/cd/IN-13a.pdf |title=ИН-13 data sheet |language=ru |access-date=14 February 2021}} on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/cd/cd003.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] *'''ИН-33''' ⟼ '''IN-33''' – Neon-filled, planar, dual 105-segment linear glow-transfer plasma bar graph display with three cathode strings, for use in [[VU meter]]s etc.;{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/cd/cd131.php?l=e |title=Plasma Panel Display, Dual Linear Bar Graph IN-33 (ИН-33) |access-date=14 February 2021}} cf. [[#OEBG|{{color|Green|Burroughs BG16101}}]] {| class="wikitable floatright" style="background: Black;" |- | {{colors|Red|Black|•}} || {{colors|Yellow|Black|•}} || {{colors|Red|Black|•}} || {{colors|Yellow|Black|•}} |- | {{colors|Lime|Black|•}} || {{colors|Blue|Black|•}} || {{colors|Lime|Black|•}} || {{colors|Blue|Black|•}} |- | {{colors|Red|Black|•}} || {{colors|Yellow|Black|•}} || {{colors|Red|Black|•}} || {{colors|Yellow|Black|•}} |- | {{colors|Lime|Black|•}} || {{colors|Blue|Black|•}} || {{colors|Lime|Black|•}} || {{colors|Blue|Black|•}} |} *'''ИТМ2-М''' ⟼ '''ITM2-M''' – Four-color [[phosphor]]ed-[[thyratron]] [[Flip-flop (electronics)|latching]] [[pixel]], 4×4 array of 4 subminiature dual-starter luminiscent thyratrons each for the colors red, yellow, green and blue (thus, 5 intensities per color yields 54 = 625 colors), 4×4 matrix of 10-volts sensitive starter electrodes, cubic envelope for easy [[Dot-matrix display|stacking in both axes]], 12-pin all-glass pigtaled,{{cite web |url=http://www.decadecounter.com/vta/pdf/ITM2Mdatasheet.PDF |publisher=[[Moscow Electric Lamp Plant|МЭЛЗ/MELZ]] |title=ИНДИКАТОР ИТМ2-М data sheet |language=ru |year=1944 |access-date=9 May 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012031227/http://www.decadecounter.com/vta/pdf2/ITM2Mdatasheet.PDF |archive-date=12 October 2013 |df= }} on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/cd/cd064.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] similar to today's RGBA LEDs *'''ИТС1''' ⟼ '''ITS1''' – Green phosphored-thyratron latching [[seven-segment display]], no decimal point, 5-volts sensitive starter electrodes, all-glass pigtaled, rectangular envelope for easy stacking in both axes{{cite web |url=http://lampes-et-tubes.info/cd/ITS1.pdf |title=ИТС1 data sheet |language=ru |access-date=14 February 2021}} on [http://lampes-et-tubes.info/cd/cd115.php?l=e Lampes-et-tubes] =={{anchor|FrenchMazda}}Compagnie des Lampes (1921, "French Mazda") and Mazda-Belvu== Not to be confused with Compagnie des Lampes (1888, see [[#Compagnie des Lampes (1888, "Métal") system|{{color|Green|above}}]]) nor with British Mazda (see [[#BritishMazda|{{color|Green|above}}]]). The 1921 incarnation of ''[[La Compagnie des Lampes]]'' (since 1953 as ''Lampe Mazda'') made light bulbs and electronic tubes under the French ''[[Mazda (light bulb)|Mazda]]'' brand. Many of their tubes were also available from ''[[Compagnie Industrielle Française des Tubes Electroniques]]'' (CIFTE)[https://www.radiomuseum.org/dsp_hersteller_detail.cfm?company_id=9235 La Compagnie des Lampes on radiomuseum.org] under their ''Mazda-Belvu'' brand, which otherwise used mostly [[#EIA professional tubes system|{{color|Green|EIA}}]], [[#RETMA receiving tubes system (1953)|{{color|Green|RETMA}}]] and [[#Mullard–Philips system|{{color|Green|Mullard–Philips}}]] tube designations. '''Examples:''' '''Before 1949''':French Mazda datasheets before 1949: 18MA4 by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/084/1/18MA4.pdf CdL] • 1883 (July 1948) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/1/1883.pdf CdL], [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/020/1/1883.pdf BELVU] • 2XM400 (September 1947) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/2/2XM400.pdf CdL] • 2XM600 (September 1947) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/2/2XM600A.pdf CdL] • 4Y25 (February 1949) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/4/4Y25.pdf CdL], [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/020/8/807.pdf BELVU] • 5Y35 (July 1948) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/5/5Y35.pdf CdL] • 6H8G (September 1947) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/6/6H8G.pdf CdL] • 879 (September 1947) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/8/879.pdf CdL] • 884 (January 1949) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/8/884.pdf CdL] • 8SAx by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/084/8/8SA1.pdf CdL] • C75S (June 1947) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/c/C75S.pdf CdL] • C95S (June 1947) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/c/C95S.pdf CdL] *'''1883''' – Indirectly heated, 350 V/125 mA full-wave rectifier, 5 V/1.6 A heater *'''2XM400''' – Directly heated, 4 kV/400 mA half-wave rectifier, 4 V/2.35 A heater *'''2XM600''' – Directly heated, 10 kV/250 mA half-wave [[Mercury-arc valve|mercury-vapor rectifier]], 2.5 V/5 A heater *'''4Y25''' = '''[[807 (vacuum tube)|807]]''' – Indirectly heated beam tetrode *[[#6 volt heater tubes|{{color|Green|RETMA tube}}]] '''6H8G''' *[[#800s|{{color|Green|RCA-800 tubes}}]] '''879''', '''884''' '''Since 1949 with a [[:File:Zoroastrian fire pot.PNG|fire pot]] logo''':French Mazda datasheets 1949–53: 2E30 (November 1949) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/2/2E30.pdf CdL] • 31MA4 (February 1950) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/3/31MA4.pdf CdL] • 3T20 (July 1949) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/3/3T20.pdf CdL] • 3T100 (July 1949) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/3/3T100A1G.pdf CdL], [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/020/3/3T100A1G.pdf BELVU] • 4Y50 (November 1950) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/4/4Y50A1.pdf CdL], [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/020/4/4Y50A2.pdf BELVU] • C30S (January 1950) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/c/C30S.pdf CdL] • C127S (January 1950) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/c/C127S.pdf CdL] • C220MW1 (January 1950) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/c/C220MW1.pdf CdL] • E1 (April 1950) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/e/E1.pdf CdL] • E2 (April 1950) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/e/E2.pdf CdL] • ST130 (September 1949) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/s/ST130.pdf CdL] *[[#RMA system (1942)|{{color|Green|RMA tube}}]] '''2E30''' *'''3T20''' – Directly heated power triode, graphite anode *'''3T100''' – Directly heated power triode, graphite anode *'''4Y50''' – Indirectly heated beam tetrode *'''E1''' – [[Electrometer]] tetrode *'''E2''' – Dual electrometer tetrode *'''ST130''' – 130 V Neon-filled [[Voltage-regulator tube|voltage reference]] '''Since 1953 as ''LAMPE MAZDA''''':French Mazda datasheets 1953–59: 2G21 (October 1953) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/2/2G21.pdf CdL], [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/020/2/2G21.pdf BELVU] • 4Y100 (September 1960) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/7/7745.pdf CdL], [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/020/7/7745.pdf BELVU] • 43MG4 (December 1954) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/4/43MG4.pdf CdL] • 43MH4 (March 1954) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/4/43MH4.pdf CdL] • 43MR4 (December 1954) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/4/43MR4.pdf CdL] • 54MS4 (June 1955) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/5/54MS4.pdf CdL] • 829 (June 1955) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/8/829B.pdf CdL] • 832 (June 1955) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/8/829B.pdf CdL] • 927 (July 1954) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/9/927.pdf CdL] • 929 (June 1957) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/9/929.pdf CdL] • 6196 (November 1959) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/6/6196.pdf CdL] • 6250 (November 1959) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/6/6250.pdf CdL], [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/020/6/6250.pdf BELVU] • E5 (September 1960) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/e/E5.pdf CdL] • JA10 (September 1960) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/j/JA10.pdf CdL], [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/020/j/JA10.pdf BELVU] *[[#RMA system (1942)|{{color|Green|RMA tube}}]] '''2G21''' *'''4Y100''' = '''7745''' – Dual beam tetrode *[[#800s|{{color|Green|RCA-800 tubes}}]] '''829''', '''832''' *'''927''' – Gas-filled [[phototube]] *'''929''' – Vacuum phototube *[[#List of EIA professional tubes|{{color|Green|EIA tubes}}]] '''6196''', '''6250''' *'''E5''' – Subminiature electrometer tetrode, all-glass pigtailed '''Since 1959 with a [[Faravahar]] logo''' related to [[Ahura Mazda]]:French Mazda datasheets since 1959: 3T50 (February 1966) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/3/3T50A1G.pdf CdL], [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/020/3/3T50A1G.pdf BELVU] • 4Y75 (February 1964) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/4/4Y75R.pdf CdL], [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/020/4/4Y75R.pdf BELVU] • 6K8 (June 1964) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/6/6K8.pdf CdL] • 78A (September 1966) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/7/78A.pdf CdL], [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/7/78A.pdf BELVU] • 7233 (April 1962) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/7/7233.pdf CdL] • 7242 (April 1965) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/7/7242.pdf CdL] • 7377 (April 1962) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/7/7377.pdf CdL] • 8418 (February 1963) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/8/8418.pdf CdL], [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/020/8/8418.pdf BELVU] • E6 (February 1964) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/e/E6.pdf CdL] • E7 (June 1965) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/e/E7.pdf CdL] • E9 (September 1965) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/e/E9.pdf CdL] • ECF202 (April 1967) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/e/ECF202.pdf CdL], [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/020/e/ECF202.pdf BELVU] • ECL802 (December 1966) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/e/ECL802.pdf CdL], [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/020/e/ECL802.pdf BELVU] • ED501 (February 1966) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/e/ED501.pdf CdL] • EF816 (April 1967) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/e/EF816.pdf CdL] • EL183 (June 1959) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/e/EL183.pdf CdL], [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/020/e/EL183.pdf BELVU] • EL503 (June 1966) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/e/EL503.pdf CdL], [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/020/e/EL503.pdf BELVU] • EY81F (April 1967) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/e/EY81F.pdf CdL], [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/020/e/EY81F.pdf BELVU] • EY802 (April 1967) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/e/EY802.pdf CdL], [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/020/e/EY802.pdf BELVU] • F7024x (April 1967) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/f/F7024A.pdf CdL], [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/020/f/F7024A.pdf BELVU] • F9102 (April 1965) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/f/F9102.pdf CdL], [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/020/f/F9102.pdf BELVU] • F9116 (December 1965) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/e/E1.pdf CdL] • GY86 (June 1966) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/g/GY86.pdf CdL] • GY802 (April 1967) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/g/GY802.pdf CdL] • K25000A1 (June 1961) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/096/2/2XM400.pdf CdL] • PY81F (April 1967) by [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/148/p/PY81F.pdf CdL], [https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/020/p/PY81F.pdf BELVU] *'''3T50''' – Directly heated power triode, thoriated-tungsten filament, graphite anode *'''4Y75''' – Directly heated power triode *[[#6 volt heater tubes|{{color|Green|RETMA tube}}]] '''6K8''' *'''78A''' – Directly heated, educational diode *[[#List of EIA professional tubes|{{color|Green|EIA tubes}}]] '''7233''', '''7242''', '''7377''', '''8418''' *'''E6''' – Subminiature dual electrometer tetrode, all-glass pigtailed *'''E7''', '''E9''' – Subminiature electrometer pentodes, all-glass pigtailed *[[#E - 6.3 V heater|{{color|Green|Mullard–Philips tubes}}]] '''ECF202''', '''ECL802''', '''ED501''', '''EF816''', '''EL503''', '''EY81F''', '''EY802''', '''GY86''', '''GY802''', '''PY81F''' *'''F7024A''' (Diode), '''F7024C''' (Triode), '''F7024E''' (Tetrode), '''F7024L''' (Pentode) – Set of 4 educational tubes *'''F9116''' – Electrometer tetrode *'''K25000A1''' – Directly heated, 25 kV/70 mA half-wave rectifier, 2.5 V/9 A heater ==References and footnotes== ===Specific items=== {{Reflist}} ===General literature and data sheets=== * [http://www.tubedata.info/ Frank Philipse's Tube Datasheet Archive] :*Mirrors in [https://tubedata.altanatubes.com.br/index.html Brazil] • [https://tubedata.altanatubes.com.br/search/ Brazil searchable] • [https://frank.pocnet.net/index.html Germany] • [http://frank.yueksel.org/index.html Germany] • [http://tubedata.tigahost.com/tubedata/index.html Hong Kong] • [http://tubes.tubeampdesign.com/index.html Hong Kong] • [http://itchurch.org/ Hungary] • [https://tubedata.jp/ Japan searchable] • [http://www.frank.mif.pg.gda.pl/index.html Poland] • [http://www.frank.mif.pg.gda.pl/vs.html Poland searchable] • [https://bms.isjtr.ro/index.html Romania] • [https://bms.isjtr.ro/search.html Romania searchable] • [https://tubedata.tubes.se/index.html Sweden] • [http://www.scottbecker.net/tube/index.html US] • [http://tubedata.milbert.com/ US] • [https://tubedata.wernull.com/index.html US] * [http://www.tubebooks.org/tubedata/HB-3/masterindex.html Tubebooks.org datasheet collection] * [https://rtellason.com/tubes.html Roy J. Tellason's tube datasheet collection] * [http://www.klausmobile.narod.ru/td/list_e.htm Klausmobile Russian tube directory] * [http://www.155la3.ru/dsheets.htm#bulbs Russian museum of electronic rarities tube directory] * [http://www.tubebooks.org/tubedata/ge_essential_characteristics.pdf General Electric Essential Characteristics], 1970 {{anchor|RCARC}} * [[RCA]] Receiving Tube Manuals [https://frank.pocnet.net/other/RCA/RC-Series/RCA_R10.pdf R10] (1932) • [https://frank.pocnet.net/other/RCA/RC-Series/RCA_RC11.pdf RC11] (1933) • [http://www.tubebooks.org/tubedata/RC12.pdf RC12] (1934) • [http://www.dhtrob.com/overige/pdf/RCA_1962_ReceivingTubeManual_RC13.pdf RC13] (1937) • [https://frank.pocnet.net/other/RCA/RC-Series/RCA_RC14.pdf RC14] (1942) • [http://www.tubebooks.org/tubedata/RC15.pdf RC15] (1948) • [http://www.tubebooks.org/tubedata/RC16.pdf RC16] (1951) • [http://www.tubebooks.org/tubedata/RC17.pdf RC17] (1954) • [http://www.tubebooks.org/tubedata/RC18.pdf RC18] (1956) • [http://www.tubebooks.org/tubedata/RC19.pdf RC19] (1959) • [http://www.tubebooks.org/tubedata/RC20.pdf RC20] (1960) • [http://www.tubebooks.org/tubedata/RC-21.pdf RC21] (1961) • [https://frank.pocnet.net/other/RCA/RC-Series/RCA_RC22.pdf RC22] (1963) • [http://www.tubebooks.org/tubedata/RC23.pdf RC23] (1964) • [http://www.tubebooks.org/tubedata/RC24.pdf RC24] (1965) • [http://www.tubebooks.org/tubedata/RC25.pdf RC25] (1966) • [http://www.tubebooks.org/tubedata/RC26.pdf RC26] (1968) • [https://frank.pocnet.net/other/RCA/RC-Series/RCA_RC27.pdf RC27] (1970) • [https://frank.pocnet.net/other/RCA/RC-Series/RCA_RC28.pdf RC28] (1971) • [https://frank.pocnet.net/other/RCA/RC-Series/RCA_RC29.pdf RC29] (1973) • [http://www.tubebooks.org/tubedata/RC30.pdf RC30] (1975) * Scanned tube documentation (PDFs): [http://www.tubebooks.org/tube_data.htm Tubebooks] • [https://frank.pocnet.net/more.html Frank Philipse] • [http://www.4tubes.com/ 4tubes] • [http://www.one-electron.com/Archives.html 1electron] • [http://www.ase-museoedelpro.org/vacuum-tubes/ edelpro] * [http://www.tubebooks.org/sylvania_tube_manuals_online.htm Sylvania Technical Manual], 1958 ---- ;{{Visible anchor|Designation systems}}: *[http://www.tubecollector.org/numbers.htm] • [http://www.r-type.org/articles/art-170.htm] Decoding type numbers *[https://www.bvws.org.uk/405alive/tech/ Decoding Valve, Transistor and CRT Numbers] *[http://jeora.net/Valves/RoehrenNum.htm Vacuum Tube Numbering Schemes, Bases & Bulbs] *[https://www.sm5cbw.se/tubes/typsystem.htm Type numbering systems] * European systems: [http://www.tubedata.info/tubnum.html] • [http://www.radiodoctor.de/files/roehren_numbering.htm] • [http://www.walkingitaly.com/radio/crema/crema_htm/crema_sy/doc/doc00003/codes(2).pdf] ---- ;{{Visible anchor|Drawings}}: *RCA: [http://www.tubebooks.org/tubedata/hb-3/General/Outlines-Glass_Tubes.pdf Glass] • [http://www.tubebooks.org/tubedata/hb-3/General/Outlines-Metal_Tubes.pdf Metal] • [http://www.tubebooks.org/tubedata/hb-3/General/Bases_Top_Caps-7_Pins.pdf Top caps, 3~7-Pin] • [http://www.tubebooks.org/tubedata/hb-3/General/Bases_8-9%20Pins.pdf 8/9-Pin] • [http://www.tubebooks.org/tubedata/HB-3/General/Bases_10_Pins.pdf 10+ Pin] *KyteLabs: [https://www.qsl.net/dl7avf/roehren/sockel1.html list] • [https://www.qsl.net/dl7avf/roehren/bilder.html drawings] *[http://www.tubedata.org/bases.html Frank Philipse's] *[http://www.la9dl.no/Ror/Ror%20base/sokkel-innhold.html Just N. Qvigstad LA9DL] ==See also== {{Commons category multi|Vacuum tubes|Gas discharge tube}} {{Portal|Electronics}} ==External links== *[http://tdsl.duncanamps.com/ Vacuum Tube Data Sheet Locator] *[http://www.nostalgiaair.org/Tubes/ Tube Substitution and Characteristics Guide] *[http://www.r-type.org/index.htm British virtual thermionic valve museum with good quality pictures and data] *[http://lampes-et-tubes.info/index-e.htm Belgian virtual thermionic valve museum with good quality pictures and data] *[https://www.qsl.net/dl7avf/roehren/ KyteLabs InfoBase] *[https://www.radiomuseum.org/ Radio museum] *[http://www.tubecollector.org/ Virtual Valve Museum] ---- {{Thermionic valves}} {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Vacuum Tubes}} [[Category:Electronics lists|Vacuum tubes]] [[Category:Gas-filled tubes]] [[Category:Vacuum tubes|*]]