List of vacuum tubes

This is a list of vacuum tubes or thermionic valves, and low-pressure gas-filled tubes, or discharge tubes. Before the advent of semiconductor devices, thousands of tube types were used in consumer electronics – most of them to amplify AF, IF and RF signals in TV sets and AM/FM radios; some are still in production today for valve audio amplifiers – but many industrial, military or otherwise professional tubes were also produced, many of these highly specialized; only a few types of those are still used today, mainly in high-power RF/microwave (VLF, LF/LW, MF/MW, HF/SW, VHF, UHF, SHF, EHF, THF) applications.

Heater or filament ratings

Vacuum tubes fall into three mainly non-interchangeable categories regarding their heater or filament voltage/current,^[1] though some tubes' heaters run at both a standardized voltage and current, e.g., 6.3 V at 300 mA or 13 V at 200 mA, making them suitable for either series or parallel operation.

Battery types, ubiquitous before the 1930s but since then only for mobile/portable equipment with a low-power filament operated usually from 1 to 2 V; all filaments in a design are rated at the same voltage and are connected in parallel. They are usually directly heated to save heating power (therefore requiring a DC current), except if the (due to the voltage gradient along the filament) poorly defined cathode potential impedes the function of the device, as is the case e.g. with AM detector diodes with filament voltages of 1.9 V or more; in such cases, indirect heaters were employed and marketed as equipotential or unipotential cathode at the time.
- 1.25 V for one NiCd cell (examples)
- 1.4 V for one Leclanché cell, later for one dry cell (examples)
- 1.7 to 1.9 V for one lead-acid cell with a variable filament resistor (German: Heiz regler – examples)
- 2 V for one lead-acid cell^[2]^:12ff^[3]^:8^[4]^:5 (examples)
- 4 V for two lead-acid cells, a 1910s UK standard which e.g. the Fleming valves, the British R, and the French TM tubes ran on.^[1] Major manufacturers kept a directly heated 4VDC product line throughout the 1930s^[2]^:14^[3]^:9^[4]^:8f. (examples)
- 6.3 V, indirectly heated, for four dry cells or for three lead-acid cells for use in 6-Volts car radios^[5] (examples)
- 12.6 V, indirectly heated, for six lead-acid cells for 12-Volts car radios (examples)
Types for AC-only equipment with a mains transformer; all tube heaters are rated at the same voltage and fed in parallel from a transformer secondary winding; In the US, a 2.5 V_RMS standard was conceived in 1929; elsewhere, nominal heater voltages from 1920's lead-acid/"battery eliminator" era (multiples of 2 or 2.1V) were kept, 4V_RMS in the UK,^[1] but eventually the 6.3V and 12.6V car radio standards prevailed everywhere. Most are indirectly heated.
- However, most RF power tubes are directly heated, so for the abovementioned reason, the heater voltage must be much smaller than the signal voltage on the grid and is therefore in the 1.1 to 25 V range, drawing up to hundreds of Amperes from a suitable heater transformer.
Types for equipment designed to run on either AC or DC mains power (ac/dc) with no mains transformer; they are always indirectly heated and all heaters are connected in series across the mains power supply, possibly with an additional ballast tube (barretter) or power resistor chosen so that the sum of the heater and ballast voltages equals the mains voltage. All tubes must be rated at the same heater current such as 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 450 or 600 mA, depending on mains voltage and device tube count, and have a comparable warm-up time.
- A notable precursor was 1920's European 180mADC standard used in municipalities with a then-still commonplace DC mains system, which ruled out not only mains transformers, but also polarized (electrolytic) capacitors, as the sets had to tolerate accidental reverse-polarity feeding, making it notoriously difficult to filter out dynamo or rectifier howl.^[6] Compatible product lines include the Mullard x20 series,^[2]^:19 the Mullard–Philips B-series, the Philips B20xx series,^[3]^:7 the Telefunken REN(S)18xx series,^[7] some Loewe WG3x "integrated circuit" tubes, the Tungsram x18 series,^[4]^:10 and the Valvo x18 series. Most of these tubes had 20- or 21-Volts heaters; suitable barretters were available.^[8]

The currents drawn by parallel-connected types, and the voltages across series-connected types, vary widely according to the tube's heating power requirements. Otherwise identical tubes were manufactured in several variants with different heater characteristics,^[9] but usually the same heater power, e.g. 6.3 V/300 mA and 12.6 V/150 mA; some tubes feature a center-tapped filament/heater, allowing for two voltage/current options by series or parallel wiring of their two heater sections. See, for example, the RCA Receiving Tube Manuals.

In half-indirectly heated tubes the cathode and one side of the filament share the same pin.

Tube bases and envelopes

Abbreviations used in this list

ST – Shouldered tube
GT – Glass tube

Numbering systems

North American systems

RMA system (1942)

The system assigned numbers with the base form "1A21", and is therefore also referred to as the "1A21 system".^[10]

First digit Filament/heater power rating:

1 – No filament/heater; cold cathode or solid state device
2 – Up to 10 W
3 – 10...20 W
4 – 20...50 W
5 – 50...100 W
6 – 100...200 W
7 – 200...500 W
8 – 500W...1 kW
9 – More than 1 kW

Next character: Function:

A – Single element (ballast, barretter)
B – Two-element device such as:

Diode
TR (Transmit/receive) cell, a cold-cathode water vapor discharge tube for use in radar systems, short-circuits the receiver input to protect it while the transmitter operates
ATR (Anti-transmit/receive) cell, a cold-cathode water vapor discharge tube for use in radar systems, decouples the transmitter from the antenna while not operating, to prevent it from wasting received energy
Spark gap

C – Triode
D – Tetrode
E – Pentode or beam power tetrode
F – Hexode
G – Heptode
H – Octode
J – Magnetically controlled types, usually incorporating a resonator (essentially, magnetrons)
K – Electrostatically controlled types, including a resonator (klystrons and inductive output tubes)
L – Vacuum capacitors
N – Crystal rectifiers (This designation lived on as the "N" in the EIA/JEDEC EIA-370 solid state device numbers standard, like 2N2222)
P – Photosensitive types (phototubes, photomultipliers, camera tubes, image converters)
Q – Resonant vacuum cavities
R – Ignitrons and mercury arc rectifiers
S – Vacuum switches
T – Storage, radial beam, and deflection control tubes (no known examples assigned)
V – Flashtubes
W – Traveling-wave tube
X – X-ray tube
Y – Thermionic converter

The last 2 digits were sequentially assigned, beginning with 21 to avoid possible confusion with receiving tubes or CRT phosphor designations. Multiple section tubes (like the 3E29 or 8D21) are assigned a letter corresponding to ONE set of electrodes.

Examples:

1B23 – 20 kW, 400 to 1500 MHz Gas-filled, cold-cathode Transmit/Receive Tube (TR cell)
1B41 – Gas-filled, cold-cathode 9.5 kV, 450 A spark gap
1B45 – Gas-filled, cold-cathode 14 kV, 450 A spark gap
1B49 – Gas-filled, cold-cathode 12 kV, 450 A spark gap
1C21 – Gas-filled, 25 mA_avg, 100 mA_peak, triode thyratron
1D21 – Strobotron Gas-filled, 50 mA_avg, 5 A_peak, luminiscent tetrode thyratron for use as a stroboscope lamp
1N23 – Silicon point contact diode used in early radar mixers
1N34 – Germanium point contact diode, still in production^[11]
1P21 – 9-stage Photomultiplier, spectral S4 response, 11-pin base
1P25 – Infrared image converter used in World War II night vision "sniperscopes".
1P29 – Gas-filled phototube, spectral S3 response, 4-pin base
1P39 – Vacuum Phototube, spectral S4 response, 4-pin base
1S22 – 10 kV, 20 A Vacuum SPDT switch
2C21 – Dual transmitting triode, indirectly heated, 7-pin base plus a single top cap for one of the grids
2C22 – Transmitting triode, indirectly heated, 8-pin base plus dual top cap for grid and anode
2C36 – Rocket-type disk-seal UHF triode with an internal feedback circuit between cathode and anode, for use as UHF oscillator up to 1.75 GHz
2C37 – Rocket triode for use as SHF oscillator up to 3.3 GHz
2C39A – Oil can-type disk-seal UHF power triode with glass spacers up to 3 GHz, P_anode = 100 W

2C39B – 2C39A with ceramic spacers

2C40 – Lighthouse-type disk-seal UHF power triode for continuous operation, P_anode = 6.5 W at 3370 MHz
2C41 – Oil can UHF power triode for pulsed operation, 2200 W_peak at 3 GHz
2C42 – Lighthouse UHF power triode for pulsed operation, 1750 W_peak at 1050 MHz; improved 446
2C43 – Lighthouse UHF power triode, indirectly heated, up to 3.37 GHz, 6-pin base
2C46 – Lighthouse UHF power triode
2C51 – Dual shielded triode, indirectly heated, 9-pin base
2D21/EN91 (PL21, PL2D21, CV797) – 100 mA_avg, 500 mA_peak, 10 A_surge, Gas-filled, indirectly heated tetrode thyratron, negative starter voltage, miniature 7-pin base, for relay and grid-controlled rectifier service, used in jukeboxes and computer equipment.
2E22 – 53 W Power pentode, 5-pin base with anode on top cap
2E26 – Popular amateur 5.3 W VHF beam power tetrode up to 175 MHz, octal base
2E30 – 10 W Directly heated beam power tetrode with deflection screens available on separate pin, miniature 7-pin base
2E31 – Subminiature, directly heated, fully shielded sharp-cutoff RF/IF pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails
2E32 – Similar to 2E31, all-glass elliptical cross-section body and flat 5-pin base with short pigtails
2E35 – 6 mW Subminiature directly heated power pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails
2E36 – Similar to 2E35, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, short pigtails
2E41 – Diode, pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails
2E42 – Similar to 2E41, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, short pigtails
2F21 – Indirectly heated hexode monoscope, Indian Head test pattern, 6-pin base with dual top caps for grid4 and anode
2G21 – Directly heated triode/heptode mixer, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 7-pin base, short pigtails
2G41 – Triode/heptode mixer, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails
2G42 – Similar to type 2G41, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, short pigtails
2H21 – Phasitron, a magnetically controlled beam deflection phase modulator tube^[12] similar to the 5593, used in early FM broadcast transmitters^[13]^[14]^[15]
2J30 to 2J34 – 300 kW S-band Magnetrons
2J55 and 2J56 – 40 kW X-band Magnetrons for use as pulsed oscillator
2K25 – 25 mW 8.5 to 9.66 GHz reflex Klystron
2K50 – 15 mW 23.5 to 24.5 GHz reflex Klystron
2P23 – Early Image Orthicon video camera tube
3B28 – Xenon half-wave rectifier; ruggedized replacement for mercury vapor type 866.
3C22 – Disk-seal UHF power triode, P_anode = 125 W with forced-air cooling, 1.4 GHz
3C23 – 1.5 A_avg, 6 A_peak, Mercury-vapor triode thyratron, 4-pin base with anode top cap
3C45 – 45 mA_avg, 1.5 A_RMS, 35 A_peak, Half-indirectly-heated hydrogen triode thyratron, 4-pin base with anode top cap
3D21 – Indirectly heated beam power tetrode, 8-pin base with anode top cap
3D22 – Gas-filled, 800 mA_avg, 8 A_peak, tetrode thyratron, 7-pin base
3E29 – Dual beam power tube used in radar equipment; a pulse rated variant of the earlier 829B, 7-pin base with dual anode top cap.
4B32 – 10 kV, 1.25 A_avg, 5 A_peak Xenon half-wave rectifier
4D21 (6155, Eimac 4-125A) – 125 W Glass VHF beam power tetrode
4E27 – 125 W Glass radial-beam power pentode
4J31 to 4J35 – 1 MW S-band Magnetrons
5B24 – Full-wave, mercury-vapor Tungar bulb, a low-voltage rectifier for charging 60-cell lead-acid batteries at 6 A; 2.5 V, 24 A heater^[16]
5C22 – Half-indirectly-heated, hydrogen triode thyratron for radar modulators.
5D22 (6156, Eimac 4-250A) – 250 W, 110 MHz Glass beam power tetrode
5J26 – 500 kW, 1.22 to 1.35 GHz S-band Magnetrons
5K70 – 30 kW S-band reflex Klystron
6C21 – Triode radar modulator for "hard tube" pulsers.
7C23 – 120 kW Power triode for high voltage pulse operation.
8D21 – Internally water-cooled dual tetrode used in early VHF TV transmitters.
9C21 – 100 kW Water-cooled power triode, directly heated, 4-pin base with dual top caps for grid and anode

RETMA receiving tubes system (1953)

RETMA is the acronym for the Radio Electronic Television Manufacturers Association formed in 1953, originally the RMA, later RTMA, then EIA (Electronic Industries Association, since 1997 Electronic Industries Alliance) – however the standard itself had already been in use for a long time before 1953; for example, the 6L6 was introduced in July 1936.

The first character group is always a number, consisting of one to three numerals, and represents the heater voltage rounded to the nearest whole number; 0 indicates a cold-cathode tube. Tubes with a center-tapped filament/heater are designated the higher voltage option. Exceptions include 2.0 Volt filament tubes (such as 1C7-G and 1F4) and series heater tubes where the rounding was less exact (such as the 5.9-Volt 5X9 and the 46-Volt 50Y7GT).^[10]
These numerals are followed by one or two letters assigned to the devices in some sort of semi-chronological order of development and introduction to the marketplace. Combinations like AB, AC, AD, AE... were used, avoiding same-letter repetitions, after the single letters were exhausted. Wherever possible, the 12V equivalent of a 6V tube had the same letters, just 12 instead of 6.
and then another single numeral that represents the number of active elements in the tube (including any internal shield plus the heater in indirectly heated tubes – electrodes connected together internally count as one). For example, a 7 could mean a heptode (pentagrid converter) such as the 12SA7-GT, or a pentode with two diodes such as the 7E7, or with one diode and a shield pin such as the 12SF7, or triode with two diodes and a shield pin such as the 6SR7, or a twin-input triode such as the 6AE7-GT, or a dual triode such as the 6SN7-GT. Exceptions include the 35L6-GT (with 5 elements, but named for consistency with the 6L6/6L6-G where pin 1 may or may not be connected to a shield, making the sixth element).
Sometimes a string of up to three Roman letters can be suffixed to the overall number; these generally distinguish various revisions and improvements to the original model or different bulb shapes; the use is somewhat arbitrary:

A, B, C – Improved backward compatible versions
E – Export version
G – Glass bulb, ST-12 to ST-16 size
GT – Glass bulb, T-9 size (actually 'Glass Tubular')
GT/G – Glass bulb, T-9 size interchangeable with G and GT types
L – Loctal
LM – Loctal-metal
LT – Locking base
M – Metal envelope
MG – Metal-glass
ML – Metal-Loctal
S – Spray shielded
W – Ruggedised, or military grade
WA, WB – Improved, backward compatible military/industrial variants
X – Low loss ceramic base for RF use
Y – Low loss mica-filled phenolic resin ("Micanol")^[17] base for RF use

Lastly, manufacturers may decide to combine two type numbers into a single name, which their one device can replace, such as: 6DX8/ECL84 (6DX8 and ECL84 being identical devices under different naming schemes) or 6BC5/6CE5 (sufficiently identical devices within the RETMA naming system) and even 3A3/3B2, or 6AC5-GT/6AC5-G (where the single type number, 6AC5-GT/6AC5-G, supersedes both the 6AC5-G and the 6AC5-GT).

Often, but not always, vacuum tube designations that differed only in their initial numerals would be identical except for heater characteristics. Exceptions include: the 12BR7 and 9BR7 are unrelated to the 6BR7; the 4BL8/XCF80 is the 4.6 Volt (600mA series heater) version of the 6BL8/ECF80, but the 450mA series heater version is the 6LN8/LCF80 rather than 6BL8. The change of letters was required as the nominal heater voltage for both types is '6' because the 6LN8 is 6.0 volts as opposed to the 6BL8 which is 6.3 volts.

For examples see below

Note: A very similar-looking designation system was used for the first commercial CRTs in the 1930-40s; the first digit gave the screen size, then a letter, followed by a P and a number identifying the phosphor used. For examples see below

EIA professional tubes system

A four-digit system was maintained by the EIA for special industrial, military and professional vacuum and gas-filled tubes, and all sorts of other devices requiring to be sealed off against the external atmosphere.

Some manufacturers preceded the EIA number with a manufacturer's code:

CK, RK – Raytheon Company
ECG – Philips/Sylvania
F – Federal Telephone and Radio (ITT division)
GL – General Electric Corp. (not British General Electric Company)
ML – Machlett Laboratories, Inc.
NL – National Electronics, Inc. (Geneva, Illinois, USA)
NU – National Union Electric Corp. (Orange, New Jersey, USA)
PL – Philips N.V.
SV – Svetlana:

formerly only PJSC "Svetlana"/ПАО "Светлана", St. Petersburg, Russia
now also a brand of New Sensor Corp., Long Island City, New York, USA, manufacturing in Saratov, Russia

SY – Standard Telephones and Cables Australia branch, Sydney plant (not Sylvania Inc.)
WL – Westinghouse Electric Corp.

For examples see below

Eimac high power RF tubes system

Eitel/McCullough and other manufacturers of high-power RF tubes use the following code:^[18]

An initial digit denoting the number of electrodes:

2 – Diode
3 – Triode
4 – Tetrode
5 – Pentode

Up to 2 letters denoting the construction type and the cooling method:

R or a hyphen ("-") – Glass envelope, radiation cooling
C – Ceramic envelope
P – Primarily for pulse applications
L – External anode, liquid convection cooling
N – External anode, natural convection air cooling
S – External anode, conduction cooling
V – Vapor-cooled (anode is immersed in boiling water, and the steam is collected, condensed and recycled)
W – Water-cooled (water is pumped through an outer metal jacket thermically connected to the anode)
X – Forced-air cooled (air is blown through cooling fins thermally connected to the anode)

A number to indicate the maximum anode dissipation in watts. This can be exceeded for a short time, as long as the average is not exceeded over the anode's thermal time constant (typically 0.1 sec). In Class-C applications, the amplifier output power delivered to the load may be higher than the device dissipation
One or more manufacturer-proprietary letters denoting the construction variant
An optional digit denoting the gain group:

1 – ≤10
2 – 11...20
3 – 21...30
4 – 31...50
5 – 51...100
6 – 101...200
7 – 201...500
8 – 501...1000

Optionally a slash "/" followed by the RMA or EIA equivalent.

Examples:

2-50A – 30 kV, 75 mA Half-wave rectifier
2-2000A – 75 kV, 750 mA Half-wave rectifier
2X3000F – 25 kV, 3 A Forced-air cooled, half-wave rectifier
3CW5000A3 – 5 kW Ceramic triode, water-cooled, variant 'A', gain group 3
3CX100A5 – 100 W Ceramic UHF triode, forced-air cooled, variant 'A', gain group 5; often used by radio amateurs for 23cm-band microwave amplifiers.
3CX1500A7 (8877) – 1.5 kW Ceramic triode, forced-air cooled, variant 'A', gain group 7
3CX2500A3 – 2.5 kW Ceramic triode, forced-air cooled, variant 'A', gain group 3
4-65A (8165) – 65 W Glass beam tetrode
4-125A (4D21, 6155) – 125 W Glass beam tetrode
4-250A (5D22, 6156) – 110 MHz, 250 W Glass beam tetrode
4-400A – 400 W Glass beam tetrode
4-1000A (8166) – 1 kW Glass beam tetrode popular in broadcast and amateur transmitters.
4CX250B – 250 W Ceramic tetrode, forced-air cooled, version 'B', favored by radio amateurs as a final amplifier.
4CX250DC – 250 W Ceramic tetrode, forced-air cooled, version 'DC'
4CX35000 – Ceramic tetrode used in numerous 50-kW broadcast transmitters, forced-air cooled, often in a Doherty configuration as in the Continental Electronics 317C series.
5-125B/4E27A – 75 MHz, 125 W Glass power pentode
5-500A – 500 W Glass radial-beam pentode
5CX1500A – 110 MHz, 1.5 kW Ceramic radial-beam pentode, forced-air cooled
5CX3000A – 150 MHz, 4.0 kW Ceramic radial-beam pentode, forced-air cooled

Media related to Eimac vacuum tubes at Wikimedia Commons

West European systems

Mullard–Philips system

This system is very descriptive of what type of device (triode, diode, pentode etc.) it is applied to, as well as the heater/filament type and the base type (octal, noval, etc.).^[10]^[19] Adhering manufacturers include AEG (de), Amperex (us), CdL (1921, French Mazda brand), CIFTE (fr, Mazda-Belvu brand), EdiSwan (uk, British Mazda brand), La Radiotechnique (fr, Coprim, Miniwatt-Dario and RTC brands), Lorenz (de), MBLE^(fr, nl) (be, Adzam and Ultron brands), Mullard (uk), Philips (nl, Miniwatt brand), RCA (us), RFT^(de, sv) (de), Siemens (de), Telefunken (de), Tesla (cz), Toshiba (ja), Tungsram (hu), Unitra (pl, Dolam, Polam and Telam brands) and Valvo^(de, it) (de).

Standard tubes

This part dates back to the joint valve code key (German: Röhren-Gemeinschafts schlüssel) negotiated between Philips and Telefunken in 1933–34. Like the North American system the first symbol describes the heater voltage, in this case a Roman letter rather than a number. Further Roman letters, up to three, describe the device followed by one to four numerals assigned in a semi-chronological order of type development within number ranges assigned to different base types.

If two devices share the same type designation other than the first letter (e.g. ECL82, PCL82, UCL82) they will usually be identical except for heater specifications; however there are exceptions, particularly with output types (for example, both the PL84 and UL84 differ significantly from the EL84 in certain major characteristics, although they have the same pinout and similar power rating). However, device numbers do not reveal any similarity between different type families; e.g. the triode section of an ECL82 is not related to either triode of an ECC82, whereas the triode section of an ECL86 does happen to be similar to those of an ECC83.

Pro Electron maintained a subset of the M-P system after their establishment in 1966, with only the first letters E, P for the heater, only the second letters A, B, C, D, E, F, H, K, L, M, Y, Z for the type, and issuing only three-digit numbers starting with 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9 for the base.^[20]

Notes: Tungsram preceded the M-P designation with the letter T, as in TAD1 for AD1; Ultron (MBLE)^(fr, nl) preceded the M-P designation with the letter U, as in UAD1 for AD1; VATEA Rádiótechnikai és Villamossági Rt.-t. (VATEA Radio Technology and Electric Co. Ltd., Budapest, Hungary) preceded the M-P designation with the letter V, as in VEL5 for EL5.

First letter: heater/filament type

Heater ratings for series-string, AC/DC tubes are given in milliamperes; heater ratings for parallel-string tubes are given in volts. Tubes with a center-tapped filament/heater are designated the lower voltage option

A – 4 V heater for 2-cell lead-acid batteries and for AC mains transformers
B – 180 mA DC series heater
C – 200 mA AC/DC series heater
D – 1.4 V DC filament for Leclanché cells, later low-voltage/low-power filament/heater:

0.625 V DC directly heated for NiCd battery, series-heated two-tube designs such as hearing aids. If either filament breaks, further draining of all batteries stops^[21]
Wide range 0.9 V to 1.55 V DC directly heated for dry cells
1.25 V DC directly heated for NiCd batteries
1.25 V or 1.4 V AC from a separate heater winding on CRT horizontal-output transformers, in half-indirectly-heated EHT rectifiers

E – 6.3 V parallel heater; for 3-cell lead-acid vehicle crank batteries (mobile equipment) and for AC mains or horizontal-output transformers
F – 12.6 V DC parallel heater for 6-cell lead-acid vehicle crank batteries
G – Various heaters between 2.5 and 5.0 V AC (except 4 V) from a separate heater winding on a mains or horizontal-output transformer for the anode voltage rectifier
H – 150 mA AC/DC series heater

In 1938, Philips tried to define this letter as "4 V battery", as opposed to A for "4 V AC"^[3]^:2

I – 20 V heater
K – 2.0 V filament for 1-cell lead-acid batteries, later for AC transformers
L – 450 mA AC/DC series heater; was shifted here from Y
M – 1.9 V, directly heated
N – 12.6 V, indirectly heated
O – No heater, i.e. semiconductors

Gas-filled cold-cathode tubes were shifted to Z before their mass production started
Philips sold a family of 150mA series heater tubes under this letter in South America

P – 300 mA AC/DC series heater
Q – 2.4 V, indirectly heated
R – Not assigned to avoid any confusion with the older Telefunken "R" system
S – 1.9 V, indirectly heated
T – Custom heater
U – 100 mA AC/DC series heater
V – 50 mA AC/DC series heater
X – 600 mA AC/DC series heater
Y – 450 mA AC/DC series heater, shifted to L to avoid conflicts with the professional tubes system
Z – Cold-cathode tube; was shifted here from O after the advent of semiconductors

Second and subsequent letters: System type

— Heated tubes (all heater/filament letters except O and Z):

A – Small signal diode
B – Dual small signal diode
C – Small signal triode
D – Power output triode
E – Small signal tetrode
F – Small signal pentode
H – Mixer hexode, special purpose heptode
K – Mixer heptode or octode
L – Power output, beam tetrode or pentode
M – Optical tuning/level indicator
N – Gas-filled thyratron
P – Secondary emission tube – mostly used as third letter
Q – Nonode
R – Resistive element (ballast tube, barretter, photoresistor)
S – Special tube (German: Sonder röhre)
T – Beam deflection tube, or misc.
W – Gas-filled half-wave rectifier
X – Gas-filled full-wave rectifier
Y – Vacuum half-wave rectifier (power diode)
Z – Vacuum full-wave rectifier (dual power diode with common cathode)

E.g. ECCnn is a 6.3 V dual triode; EABCnn has a single detector diode, a common cathode pair of diodes, and a triode.

— Heater/filament letter O (very early semiconductors):^[22]

A – Diode

AP – Photodiode
AZ – Zener diode

C – Transistor

CP – Phototransistor

D – Power transistor
RP – Photoresistor
Y – Power diode

For examples see below under O. This part lived on in the later Pro Electron semiconductor designation system

— Heater/filament letter Z (Cold-cathode tubes):^[23]

A – Arc discharge tube
B – Binary counter or switching tube
C – Common cathode Counter Dekatron that makes only carry/borrow cathodes separately available for cascading
E – Electrometer tube
G – Gating tube
M – Optical indicator
S – Separate cathode Counter/Selector Dekatron that makes all cathodes available on individual pins for displaying, divide-by-n counter/timer/prescalers, etc.
T – Relay triode, a low-power triode thyratron, one starter electrode, may need illumination for proper operation if not radioactively primed
U – Low-power tetrode thyratron, may mean:

Trigger tetrode, one starter electrode and a primer (keep-alive) electrode for ion availability to keep the ignition voltage constant, for analog RC timers, voltage triggers, etc.
Relay tetrode, two starter electrodes to make counters bidirectional or resettable

W – Trigger pentode, two starter electrodes and a primer electrode
X – Shielded Trigger pentode, two starter electrodes, a primer electrode and a conductive coating of the glass envelope inside connected to a separate pin

For examples see below under Z

Following digits: Model number

— Heater/filament letters M, N, O, Q, and S: Sequentially assigned number

— All other heater/filament letters: Base type

For signal pentodes, an odd model number most often identified a variable-mu (remote-cutoff) tube, whereas an even number identified a 'high slope' (sharp-cutoff) tube

For power pentodes and triode-pentode combinations, even numbers usually indicate linear (audio power amplifier) devices while odd numbers were more suited to video signals or situations where more distortion could be tolerated.

1–9 – Pinch-type construction tubes, mostly P8 bases (P base, 8-pin side-contact) or European 5-pin (B base) and various other European pre-octal designs
10–19 – 8-pin German metal octal, G8A
20–29 – Loctal B8G; some octal; some 8-way side contact (exceptions are DAC21, DBC21, DCH21, DF21, DF22, DL21, DLL21, DM21 which have octal bases)
30–39 – International Octal (IEC 67-I-5a), also known as IO or K8A
40–49 – Rimlok (Rimlock) B8A All-glass miniature tubes

41w – Battery-heated bowl tube^[24] (German: Press napf röhre)

50–59 – "Special construction types fitted with bases applicable to design features used";^[25] mostly locking bases: "9-pin Loctal" (B9G) or 8-pin Loctal (B8G); but also used for Octal and others (3-pin glass; Disk-seal incl. Lighthouse tubes; German 10-pin with spigot; min. 4-pin; B26A; Magnoval B9D)
60–69 – Pencil tubes – sub-miniature all-glass tubes, pigtailed (inline fly-leads in place of pins)

—Before the 1950s:

60–64 – All-glass tubes fitted with 9-pin (B9G) bases

70–79 – Pencil tubes with circular pins or fly-leads

—Before the 1950s:

70–79 – Loctal Lorenz

80–89 – Noval B9A (9-pin; IEC 67-I-12a)
90–99 – "Button" B7G (miniature 7-pin; IEC 67-I-10a)
100–109 – B7G; Wehrmacht base; German PTT base
110–119 – 8-pin German octal; Rimlok B8A
130–139 – Octal
150–159 – German 10-pin with spigot; 10-pin glass with one big pin; Octal
160–169 – Inline wire-ended Pencil tubes; 8-pin German octal
170–179 – RFT 8-pin; RFT 11-pin all-glass gnome tube with one offset pin
180–189 – Noval B9A
190–199 – Miniature 7-pin B7G
200–209 – Decal B10B; Pro Electron-issued
230–239 – Octal
270–279 – RFT 11-pin all glass with one offset pin
280–289 – Noval B9A
300–399 – Octal; Pro Electron-issued
400–499 – Rimlok B8A
500–529 – Magnoval B9D, Novar; Pro Electron-issued
600–699 – Inline wire-ended Pencil tubes
700–799 – Circular wire-ended Pencil tubes
800–899 – Noval B9A; Pro Electron-issued
900–999 – Miniature 7-pin B7G; Pro Electron-issued

—Special quality:

1000– Round wire-ended; special Nuvistor base
2000– Decal B10B
3000– Octal
5000– Magnoval B9D
8000– Noval B9A

For examples see below

Special quality tubes

Vacuum tubes which had special qualities (French: "Securité - Qualité") of some sort, very often long-life designs, particularly for computer and telecommunications use, had the numeric part of the designation placed immediately after the first letter. They were usually special-quality versions of standard types. Thus the E82CC was a long-life version of the ECC82 intended for computer and general signal use, and the E88CC a high quality version of the ECC88. While the E80F pentode was a high quality development of the EF80, they were not pin-compatible and could not be interchanged without rewiring the socket (the E80F is commonly sought after as a high quality replacement for the similar EF86 type in guitar amplifiers). The letters "CC" indicated the two triodes and the "F", the single pentode inside these types.

A few special-quality tubes did not have a standard equivalent, e.g. the E55L, a broadband power pentode used as the output stage of oscilloscope amplifiers and the E90CC, a dual triode with a common cathode connection and seven pin base for use in cathode-coupled Flip-flops in early computers. The E91H is a special heptode with a passivated third grid designed to reduce secondary emission; this device was used as a "gate", allowing or blocking pulses applied to the first, (control) grid by changing the voltage on the third grid, in early computer circuits (similar in function to the RETMA 6AS6).

Many of these types had gold-plated base pins and special heater configurations inside the nickel cathode tube designed to reduce hum pickup from the A.C. heater supply, and also had improved oxide insulation between the heater and cathode so the cathode could be elevated to a greater voltage above the heater supply. (Note that elevating the cathode voltage above the average heater voltage, which in well-designed equipment was supplied from a transformer with an earthed center-tapped secondary, was less detrimental to the oxide insulation between heater and cathode than lowering the cathode voltage below the heater voltage, helping to prevent pyrometallurgical electrolytic chemical reactions where the oxide touched the nickel cathode that could form conductive aluminium tungstate and which could ultimately develop into a heater-cathode short-circuit.)

Better, often dual, getters were implemented to maintain a better vacuum, and more-rigid electrode supports introduced to reduce microphonics and improve vibration and shock resistance. The mica spacers used in "SQ" and "PQ" types did not possess sharp protrusions which could flake off and become loose inside the bulb, possibly lodging between the grids and thus changing the characteristics of the device. Some types, particularly the E80F, E88CC and E90CC, had a constricted section of bulb to firmly hold specially shaped flakeless mica spacers.^[26]

For examples see below, starting at DC

Later special-quality tubes had not base and function swapped but were assigned a 4-digit number,^[19] such as ECC2000 or ED8000, the first digit of which again denoting the base:

1 – Miscellaneous
2 – Miniature 10-pin base (JEDEC F10-61)
3 – Octal base (IEC 67-1-5a)
5 – Novar/magnoval base (JEDEC E9-75 and E9-23)
8 – Noval base (IEC 67-1-12a)
9 – Miniature 7-pin base (IEC 67-1-10a)

For examples see below, starting at EC

Professional tubes

In use since at least 1961, this system was maintained by Pro Electron after their establishment in 1966.^[20]

Both letters together indicate the type:

X – High vacuum electro-optical devices

XA – Phototube
XG – Miscellaneous
XM – Character generating cathode ray tube
XP – Photomultiplier
XQ – Camera tube
XR – Monoscope
XS – Cathode ray charge storage tube
XT – Memory display tube
XV – Infrared detector
XW – Infrared imaging device
XX – Image intensifier or image converter

Y – Vacuum tubes

YA – Diode
YD – Transmitting or industrial, single or dual triode
YG – Electrometer tube, vacuum gauge
YH – Traveling-wave tube
YJ – Magnetron
YK – Klystron
YL – Transmitting or industrial, single or dual tetrode or pentode
YN – Backward-wave oscillator
YP – Electron multiplier
YR – Crossed-field amplifier
YT – Pulse modulator tube
YY – High vacuum rectifier

Z – Gas-filled tubes not employing photosensitive materials

ZA – Cold-cathode indicator tube
ZB – Microwave switching tube (TR/ATR cells, etc.)
ZC – Trigger tube
ZD – Surge arrester
ZE – Glow modulator tube, a linear light source for rotating-drum FAX receivers, film soundtrack recording, etc.
ZF – Flashtube
ZL – Gas laser
ZM – Cold-cathode character display tube or counter display tube
ZP – Radiation counter tube (Geiger-Müller counter tube or proportional counter tube)
ZQ – Mixed analogue and digital display
ZR – Plasma display panel
ZS – Bar graph
ZT – Thyratron
ZX – Ignitron
ZY – Mercury-vapor rectifier
ZZ – Voltage stabilizer or corona discharge tube

Then follows a 4-digit sequentially assigned number.

Optional suffixes for camera tubes:

Version letter:

B – Blue
G – Green
L – Luminance
R – Red
T – Reticule
X – Medical X-ray

Letter for variants derived by selection:

D – High resolution
M – Blemish standard

For examples see below

Transmitting tubes

The first letter (or letter pair, in the case of a dual-system device) indicates the general type:

B – Backward-wave amplifier
D – Rectifier, including grid-controlled types
J – Magnetron
K – Klystron
L – Traveling-wave tube
M – Triode (AF amplifier or modulator)
P – Pentode
Q – Tetrode
R – Rectifier
T – Triode (AF, RF, oscillator)
X – Large thyratron (including all hydrogen thyratrons and high-current types)

The following letter indicates the filament or cathode type, or the fill gas or other construction detail. The coding for vacuum devices differs between Philips (and other Continental European manufacturers) on the one hand and its Mullard subsidiary on the other.

Philips vacuum devices:

A

Backward-wave amplifier or Traveling-wave tube: Output power <1W
Other tubes: Directly heated tungsten filament

B

Backward-wave amplifier or Traveling-wave tube: Output power ≥1W
Other tubes: Directly heated thoriated tungsten filament

C – Directly heated oxide-coated filament
D – Disk-seal construction
E – Indirectly heated oxide-coated cathode

Mullard vacuum devices:

G – Directly heated oxide-coated filament (only mercury-vapor rectifiers)
N – External magnet required (magnetrons)
P – Packaged construction (magnetrons)
S – Reflex klystron
T – Multiple resonator (klystrons)
V – Indirectly heated oxide-coated cathode
X – Directly heated tungsten filament
Y – Directly heated thoriated tungsten filament
Z – Directly heated oxide-coated filament (except mercury-vapor rectifiers)

Gas-filled devices:

G – Mercury-vapor filling
H – Hydrogen filling
R – Inert-gas filling
X – Xenon filling

The next letter indicates the cooling method or other significant characteristic:

H – Helix or other integral cooler
L – Forced-air cooling
Q – Shield-grid (tetrode) thyratron (thyratrons only)
S – Silica envelope, to allow for a glowing anode
T – Tunable microwave device
W – Water cooling

The following group of digits indicate:

Microwave tubes: Frequency in GHz
Rectifying tubes: DC output voltage in kV in a three-phase half-wave configuration
Thyratrons: Peak inverse voltage in kV
Transmitting tubes: Maximum anode voltage in kV

The following group of digits indicate the power:

Backward-wave amplifier or Traveling-wave tube: Output power

2nd letter: A – in mW
2nd letter: B – in W

Klystrons: Output power
Magnetrons: Pulse output power in kW
Continuously transmitting tubes: Maximum anode dissipation in W or kW in Class-C amplifier telegraphy
Pulsed transmitting tubes: Maximum peak anode current in A (number preceded by "P")
Rectifiers: Maximum average anode current in mA
Thyratrons: Maximum average anode current:

Less than 3 digits: in mA
3 or more digits:

1st digit: =0 – in mA
1st digit: >0 – in A

An optional following letter indicates the base or connection method:

B – Cables
E – Medium 7-pin base
ED – Edison screw lamp base
EG – Goliath base
F – Medium 8-pin base
G – Medium 4-pin base
GB – Jumbo 4-pin base
GS – Super jumbo 4-pin base
N – Medium 5-pin base
P – P-base

For examples see below

Phototubes and photomultipliers

The first digit indicates the tube base:

2 – Loctal 8-pin base
3 – Octal 8-pin base
5 – Special base
8 – Noval base
9 – Miniature 7-pin base

The second digit is a sequentially assigned number.

The following letter indicates the photocathode type:

A – Caesium-activated antimony cathode. Used for reflective-mode photocathodes. Response range from UV to visible, peak sensitivity 420 nm. Widely used.
C – Caesium-on-oxidated-silver cathode, also called S1. Transmission-mode, sensitive from 300...1200 nm, peak at 800 nm. High dark current; used mainly in near-IR, with the photocathode cooled.
T – Multialkali sodium-potassium-antimony-caesium cathode, wide spectral response from UV to near-IR; special cathode processing can extend range to 930 nm. Used in broadband spectrophotometers.
U – Caesium-antimony cathode with a quartz window for UV detection, peak sensitivity 400 nm

The following letter indicates the filling:

G – Gas-filled
V – High-vacuum

A following letter P indicates a photomultiplier.

Examples:

50AVP – 11-stage photomultiplier for scintillation counters, duodecal base
51UVP – 11-stage photomultiplier, duodecal base
52AVP = XP1180 – 10-stage photomultiplier, 13-pin base
53AVP, 153AVP – 10-stage photomultiplier, diheptal 14-pin base
53UVP – 11-stage photomultiplier, diheptal 14-pin base
54AVP – 11-stage photomultiplier, diheptal 14-pin base
55AVP – 15-stage photomultiplier, bidecal 20-pin base
56AVP – 14-stage photomultiplier, bidecal 20-pin base
56UVP – 14-stage photomultiplier, duodecal base
57AVP – 11-stage photomultiplier, bidecal 20-pin base
58AVP – 14-stage photomultiplier, bidecal 20-pin base
150AVP – 10-stage photomultiplier, bidecal 20-pin base
150CVP – 10-stage photomultiplier, bidecal 20-pin base
57CV – Photometric cell
58CG – Gas-filled phototube, Red/IR sensitive, all-glass pigtailed
58CV – Vacuum phototube, Red/IR sensitive, all-glass pigtailed
90AG – Gas-filled phototube, daylight/blue sensitive, miniature 7-pin base
90AV – Vacuum phototube, blue sensitive, miniature 7-pin base
90CG – Gas-filled phototube, Red/IR sensitive, miniature 7-pin base
90CV – Vacuum phototube, Red/IR sensitive, miniature 7-pin base
92AG – Gas-filled phototube, blue sensitive, miniature 7-pin base
92AV – Vacuum phototube, blue sensitive, miniature 7-pin base
61SV/7634 – PbS infrared (300...3500 nm) photoresistor, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed

Voltage stabilizers

The first number indicates the burning voltage

The following letter indicates the current range:

A – max. 10 mA
B – max. 22 mA
C – max. 40 mA
D – max. 100 mA
E – max. 200 mA

The following digit is a sequentially assigned number.

An optional, following letter indicates the base:

E – Edison screw lamp base
K – Octal 8-pin base
P – P-base

Examples:

75B1 – Voltage reference tube, miniature 7-pin base
75C1 – Voltage reference tube, miniature 7-pin base
83A1 = 7980 – Voltage reference tube, miniature 7-pin base
85A1 = 0E3 – Voltage reference tube, Loctal B8G base
85A2 = 0G3 – Voltage reference tube, miniature 7-pin base
90C1 – Voltage reference tube, miniature 7-pin base
95A1 – Voltage reference tube, miniature 7-pin base
100E1 – Voltage reference tube, "A" Base
108C1 = 0B2 – Voltage reference tube, miniature 7-pin base
150A1 – Voltage reference tube, "P" base
150B2 = 6354 – Voltage reference tube, miniature 7-pin base
150B3 – Voltage reference tube, miniature 7-pin base
150C1 – Voltage reference tube, "P" base
150C2 = 0A2 – Voltage reference tube, miniature 7-pin base
150C4 – Voltage reference tube, miniature 7-pin base

Compagnie des Lampes (1888, "Métal") system

The first (1888) incarnation of La Compagnie des Lampes produced the TM tube since 1915 and defined one of the first French systems;^[10]^[27] not to be confused with Compagnie des Lampes (1921, "French Mazda", see below).

First letter: Heater or filament voltage

A – 1 V
B – 2 V
D – 4 V
E – 5 V
F – 6 V
G – 7 V

Second letter: Heater or filament current

W – ≥200 mA
X – 150 mA
Y – 100...140 mA
Z – 50 mA

Next number: Gain

Next number: Internal resistance in kΩ

Examples:

BW604 – Métal secteur indirectly AC-heated AF power triode^[28]
BW1010 – Métal secteur indirectly AC-heated AF triode^[29]

Cossor system

An optional number: Heater voltage^[10]

4, 40–49, 400–499 – 4 V, Mostly indirect, heater

Note: Some tubes in the low 40s and 400s have a 40 V indirect heater

13 – 13 V Indirect heater
200–299 – 2 V heater
600–699 – 6 V Indirect heater
800–899 – 7.5 V Indirect heater

Letter(s): System type

A preceding letter M indicates a 4-volts AC, indirectly heated ("Mains Operated") tube

B – Dual power triode
BU – Full-wave rectifier
DD – Dual diode
DDT, DHA – Dual diode-triode
DET – Detector
DG – Tetrode
DP – Power triode
HF, HL, LH – Signal triode
HPT – Power pentode
LF – AF triode
P – Power triode or pentode
PA – Power triode
PG, PGA – Heptode pentagrid converter
PPA – Power pentode
PT – Power pentode
RC – Triode
SG – Sharp-cutoff tetrode
SPA, SPT – Sharp-cutoff RF pentode
SU, SUA – Half-wave rectifier
VPA, VPT – Variable-mu RF pentode
VS, VSG – Variable-mu tetrode
XP – Power triode

An optional number if none preceded the letters

Examples:^[30]

4XP – 4 volts, directly heated power triode
41MDG – 4 volts tetrode
41MP – 4 volts, indirectly heated, power triode
41MPG – 4 volts, indirectly heated, heptode pentagrid
41MXP – 4 volts, indirectly heated, power triode
210DET – 2 volts, directly heated, detector triode
210HF – 2 volts, directly heated, triode
210HL – 2 volts, directly heated, triode
210LF – 2 volts, directly heated, triode
210PG – 2 volts, directly heated, variable-mu heptode pentagrid
210RC – 2 volts, directly heated, very high impedance triode
210SPT – 2 volts, directly heated, sharp-cutoff RF pentode
210VPT – 2 volts, directly heated, shielded variable-mu RF pentode
215P – 2 volts, directly heated AF power triode
220B – 2 volts, directly heated dual power triode
220PA – 2 volts, directly heated power triode
220PT – 2 volts, directly heated power triode
230XP – 2 volts, directly heated power triode
240B – 2 volts, directly heated dual AF power triode
402P – 40 volts, indirectly heated power triode, 7-pin base
410HF – Triode
610RC – 6 volts, directly heated signal triode
660SU – 6 volts, directly heated 1 kV, 150 mA half-wave rectifier
825BU – 7.5 volts, directly heated 500 V, 120 mA full-wave rectifier
DDT – 4 volts, indirectly heated dual diode + triode
DP – 16 volts, indirectly heated power triode
PT41 – 4 volts, directly heated power pentode
SU25 – 25 kV, 1 mA EHT rectifier
SU2150 (CV1120) – 8 kV, 2 mA EHT rectifier for use in CRT power supplies

EdiSwan ("British Mazda") systems

EdiSwan (British Mazda) is not to be confused with other licensees of General Electric's Mazda brand: GE's own subsidiary British Thomson-Houston C^ie des Lampes (1921, French Mazda, see below) C^ie Industrielle Française des Tubes Electroniques – CIFTE (Mazda-Belvu – originating from Societé Radio Belvu; see below)^[31] Manufacture Belge des Lampes Électriques,^{(fr, nl)} producing: Light bulbs since 1911 under the Belgian Mazda brand Electronic tubes since 1924 under the Adzam ("Mazda" spelled backwards) brand^[32] Mazda-CIPEL, batteries (C^ie Industrielle des Piles Électriques) Mazda-Westinghouse, light bulbs Mazda-Toshiba, light bulbs, coexisted with the Japanese automaker in its early years

Note: EdiSwan also used the Mullard–Philips scheme.

Signal tubes

First number: Heater or filament rating^[10]

0 – Misc. higher voltages
1 – 1.4 V
6 – 6.3 V
10 – 100 mA
20 – 200 mA
30 – 300 mA

Following letter or letter sequence: Type

C – Triode/pentode, triode/hexode or triode/heptode mixer
D – Signal diode(s)
F – Tetrode or pentode
FD – Tetrode or pentode and diode(s)
FL – Tetrode or pentode, and triode
K – Small gas triode or tetrode thyratron
L – Single or dual triode, including oscillator triode
LD – Triode and diode(s)
M – Optical tuning/level indicator
P – Power tetrode or pentode
PL – Power tetrode or pentode, and signal triode

Final number: Sequentially assigned number

Power rectifiers

Letter(s): Type

U – High-vacuum half-wave rectifier
UU – High-vacuum full-wave rectifier

Number: Sequentially assigned number

Examples:

Note: "AC/"-series receiver tubes are listed under other letter tubes - AC/

6C10 (6CU7/ECH42) – Triode/hexode mixer, 8-pin Rimlock base
6F22 = 6BK8/6CF8/EF86 (6267) – Low-noise A.F. pentode, 9-pin noval base
6F33 – Shielded pentode, 7-pin base
6FL2 = ECF812 – Triode and low-power beam tetrode, noval base, 30FL2 (=PCF812) with a different heater
6L12 (6AQ8/ECC85) – Dual triode, 9-pin noval base
6L19 – Dual triode, 8-pin base
6M2 (6CD7/EM34) – Dual-sensitivity tuning indicator, 8-pin octal base
6P9 = 6BM5 – Power pentode, 7-pin base
6P15 (6BQ5/EL84) – Power pentode, 9-pin noval base
10M2 = UM35 (UM4) – Dual-sensitivity, top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator
10PL12 (50BM8/UCL82) – Triode/power pentode, 9-pin noval base
30C17 = PCF87 – Triode and remote-cutoff pentode for use as VHF mixer in TV receivers
30FL2 = PCF812 – Triode and low-power beam tetrode, noval base, 6FL2 (=ECF812) with a different heater
30PL13 = PCL800 – Triode - power pentode
30PL14 = PCL88 – Triode - power pentode
U26 = 2J2/KY80 – CRT EHT rectifier, noval base
U381 (38A3/UY85) – Half-wave rectifier, 9-pin noval base
UU9 (6BT4/EZ40) – Full-wave rectifier, 8-pin rimlock base

EEV system

This system consists of one or more letters followed by a sequentially assigned number^[33]

A – High vacuum rectifier
AFX – Rare gas filled triode thyratron
AH – Mercury-vapor rectifier
AX – Xenon filled rectifier
B – Radiation-cooled triode
BD – Mercury vapor rectifier
BK – Ignitron
BM – Magnetron
BR – Forced-air cooled triode
BS – TR (Transmit/receive) cell, TB cell, Solid-state microwave device
BT – Mercury vapor or xenon filled thyratron
BW – Water-cooled triode
BY – Vapor-cooled triode
C – Radiation-cooled tetrode
CR – Forced-air cooled tetrode
CW – Water-cooled tetrode
CX – Hydrogen tetrode thyratron
E – Storage tube
FX – Hydrogen triode thyratron
GX – Spark gap
K – Klystron
M – Magnetron
NFT – Nernst filament, a source of mid-infrared radiation
P – Video camera tube
QS – Voltage-regulator tube
QT – Cold-cathode trigger tube
T – CRT
U – Vacuum capacitor
XL – Glow modulator tube, flashtube, gas laser

Examples:

B142 – 400 W RF power triode up to 50 MHz similar to 833A
B1109 = 3C24 – 25 W VHF power triode up to 60 MHz
B1135 = 5867 = CV1350 – VHF power triode up to 100 MHz
B1152 – 500W RF power triode up to 50 MHz
QT1257 – Touch button tube, an illuminated capacitance touch switch; a cold-cathode DC relay tube, external (capacitive) starter activated by touching; then the cathode glow is visible. 6-pin octal base
XL601, XL602, XL603, XL627, XL628, XL631 and XL632 – Cold-cathode, linear light source (glow modulator tube), gas diode with a blue-violet glow, modulation up to 1 MHz, 8-pin base, for rotating-drum FAX receivers, etc.

ETL computing tubes system

The British Ericsson Telephones Limited (ETL), of Beeston, Nottingham (not to be confused with the Swedish TelefonAB Ericsson), original holder of the now-generic trademark Dekatron, used the following system:

An initial letter denoting the filling:

G – Gas-filled
V – Vacuum

One letter denoting the type:

C – Common cathode Counter Dekatron that makes only carry/borrow cathodes separately available for cascading
D – Diode, voltage reference, etc.
R – Register (Readout) – Digital indicator
S – Separate cathode Counter/Selector Dekatron that makes all cathodes available on individual pins for displaying, divide-by-n counter/timer/prescalers, etc.
TE – Trigger tetrode, one starter electrode and a keep-alive (primer) electrode for ion availability
TR – Trigger triode, one starter electrode only

A digit group:

Dekatrons: Stage count
Digital indicators: Display cathode count
Diodes, voltage references: Nominal voltage
Trigger tubes: Ignition voltage

An optional digit group after a slash: Pin count
One letter denoting the type:

A – Plastic base
B – Plastic base
C – Plastic base
D – Plastic base
E – Plastic base
G – 26-pin B26A base
H – 27-pin B27A base
M – B7G base
P – B7G base
Q – B7G base
W – Pigtails
X – Pigtails
Y – Pigtails

Examples:

GC10/2P – Neon-filled, 1 kHz Miniature decade Counter Dekatron, a gas-filled, bidirecional decade counter tube
GC10A – Helium-filled, decade Counter Dekatron
GC10B – Neon-filled, 4 kHz Long life, decade Counter Dekatron

GC10/4B – 4 kHz Decade Computing Counter Dekatron with carry/borrow cathodes "0" and "9" and intermediate cathodes "3" and "5" wired to separate pins

GC10D – 20 kHz Decade Counter Dekatron, for single-pulse operation
GC12/4B – 4 kHz Duodecimal Counter Dekatron with carry/borrow cathodes 11 and 12 and intermediate cathodes 6 and 8 wired to separate pins
GCA10G – 10 kHz max. Decade Counter Dekatron with routing guides and aux anodes to directly drive Nixie tubes, B27A base without the inner pin ring
GD2V – 2 kV, 16 J discharge tube, all-glass studded
GD75P – 75 V Voltage reference, miniature 7-pin base
GD90M – 90 V Voltage reference, miniature 7-pin base
GD340X – 345 V/3...200 µA Corona voltage reference, all-glass pigtailed
GD350X, GD350Y – 350 V/3...200 µA Corona voltage reference, all-glass pigtailed
GD550W – 550 V, 1.5 J Discharge tube, e.g. for power relaxation oscillators, all-glass pigtailed
GDT120M – 9 mA Gas-filled cold-cathode DC triode, one starter and a separate glow diode acting as an optical primer, miniature 7-pin base
GR2G – + - Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 18 x 18 mm characters, side-viewing
GR2H – + - Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 20 x 20 mm characters, top-viewing
GR4G – ¼ ½ ¾ 1 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 18 x 30 mm characters, side-viewing
GR7M – + - V A Ω % ~ Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5 mm character height, top-viewing
GR10A – Gas-filled digital indicator tube with a dekatron-type readout
GR10G – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 16.86 x 30 mm characters, side-viewing
GR10H – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 12 x 19 mm characters, top-viewing
GR10J – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 16.86 x 30 mm characters, side-viewing
GR10K – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 12 x 19 mm characters, top-viewing
GR10M – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 10 x 15.5 mm characters, top-viewing
GR10W – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 8.42 x 15 mm characters, side-viewing, all-glass pigtailed
GR12G – A B C D E F G H I J K L Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 16 x 30 mm characters, side-viewing
GR12H – E L M N P R S T U V W X Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 16 x 30 mm characters, side-viewing

Note: More Nixie tubes under standard - ZM and professional - ZM

GS10C – 4 kHz max. Decade Counter/Selector Dekatron, top-viewing, duodecal base
GS10D – Hydrogen-filled, 20 kHz max. Decade Counter/Selector Dekatron, duodecal base
GS10H – 4 kHz max. Decade Counter/Selector Dekatron with routing guides, B17A base
GS12C – 4 kHz max. Duodecimal Counter/Selector Dekatron, with solder lugs
GS12D – Neon-filled, 4 kHz max. duodecimal Counter/Selector Dekatron, duodecal base with two additional pigtails for the guide electrodes
GSA10G – 10 kHz max. Decade Counter/Selector Dekatron with routing guides and aux anodes to directly drive Nixie tubes, B27A base
GTE120Y – 5 mA Subminiature DC trigger tetrode, one starter and one primer, all-glass pigtailed
GTE130T – 8 mA_peak DC trigger tetrode, one starter and one primer, close tolerance, low aging, quadrant I operation only, noval base
GTE175M – 3.5 mA_avg, 50 mA_peak DC Trigger tetrode, one starter and one primer, miniature 7-pin base, for Dekatron coupling circuits
GTR120W – 9 mA Subminiature DC trigger triode, 3-pin all-glass pigtailed, for computer applications
GTR75M – 75 V Voltage reference, Miniature 7-pin
GTR95M/S – 95 V Voltage reference, Miniature 7-pin
GTR150 – Subminiature, primed 150 V voltage reference, all-glass pigtailed
VS10G – Trochotron, an electron-beam decade counter tube
VS10G-M – VS10G with a magnetic shield
VS10H – High-current trochotron
VS10K – Low-voltage trochotron

Marconi-Osram system

The British GEC–Marconi–Osram designation from the 1920s uses one or two letter(s) followed by a number and sometimes by a second letter identifying different versions of a particular type.^[10]

The letter(s) generally denote the type or use:

Note: A preceding letter M indicates a 4-volts AC, indirectly heated ("Mains Operated") tube

A – General professional tube
B – Dual triode
D – Dual diode
DA – More than 25 W power triode
GT – Gas-filled triode
GU – Gas-filled rectifier
H – High-impedance signal triode
L – Low-impedance signal triode

LP – Power triode

N – Power pentode
P – Power triode up to 3 W

PT – Power pentode
PX – 3...25 W Power triode

QP – Dual pentode
S – Tetrode
SP – Pentode
U – Rectifier
VP, VMP – Remote-cutoff pentode
VS, VMS – Remote-cutoff tetrode
W – Remote-cutoff pentode
X – Triode/hexode mixer
Y – Optical tuning/level indicator
Z – Sharp-cutoff RF pentode

In most cases, the first digit of the following number is the heater rating:

2 – 2 V
3 – 13 V or 300 mA
4 – 4 V
5 – 5 V (Rectifiers)
6 – 6 V

Examples:

Note: Kinkless Tetrode beam power tubes are listed under other letter tubes - KT

A1834 = 6AS7G/ECC230 = CV2523 – Dual power triode (series regulator), octal base
B30 – Dual Class-B power triode
B309 = 12AT7/ECC81 – High-mu dual triode. Commonly used as R.F. amplifier/mixer in VHF circuits
B719 = 6AQ8/ECC85 – Dual RF triode, RF amp & mixer in FM receivers, noval base
D41 = V914 – Indirectly heated, dual detector diode, British 5-pin base
D42 – Indirectly heated, single detector diode, British 4-pin base
DA30 – AF power triode, P_a=30 W
DA40 – AF power triode, P_a=40 W
DA41 – AF power triode, P_a=50 W
DA60 – AF power triode, P_a=60 W
DA100 – AF power triode, P_a=100 W
DA250 – AF power triode, P_a=250 W
GT1C – Argon-filled, 500 V/300 mA thyratron extensively used in the Colossus computer, 4 V/1.3 A heater, 5-pin base
GU21 = AH221 = RG4-1250 – Half-wave mercury-vapor rectifier, Edison screw lamp base
H11, H12 – Miniature AF triodes for use in hearing aids
H63 = 6F5 – High-mu triode, octal base
H610 – Directly heated, high-mu AF triode, British 4-pin base
HA1 (4 V heater), HA2 (6.3 V heater) – Acorn UHF triodes up to 600 MHz
L11, L12 – Miniature AF power triodes for use in hearing aids
L63 = 6J5 – Low-mu triode, octal base
L610 – Directly heated, Low-mu RF triode, British 4-pin base
MT7A, MT7B – Large radiation-cooled transmitting triodes used in the 1920s and 1930s
MU14 = UU5 = IW4-500 – Indirectly heated full-wave rectifier, British 4-pin base
MX40 – Heptode pentagrid converter with a 4 V/1 A heater and a British 7-pin base with g4 on top cap, similar to the FC4 octode
N77 = 6AM5/EL91 – Power pentode, 7-pin miniature base
N309 = 15A6/PL83 – CRT cathode drive power pentode
P425 = PM254 – Power triode with a 4 V/200 mA battery heater and a British 4-pin base
P610 – Directly heated, AF power triode, British 4-pin base
P625 – AF power triode
PX4 – Directly heated AF power triode designed in the 1930s. Capable of providing about 4.5 W of audio
PX25 – Directly heated AF power triode designed in the 1930s. Capable of providing about 25 W of audio
QP21 – Directly heated, dual AF (push-pull) power pentode, British 7-pin base
QP240 – Directly heated, dual AF (push-pull) power pentode, British 9-pin base
S12 – Miniature AF tetrode for use in hearing aids
S610 – Directly heated, Sharp-cutoff RF tetrode, British 4-pin base
U52 = 5AS4A/5U4GB – Full-wave rectifier, octal base
VS24 – Directly heated, Remote-cutoff RF tetrode, British 4-pin base
W727 = 6BA6/EF93 = 5749 – Remote-cutoff RF pentode, 7-pin miniature base
X41 – Triode/hexode mixer up to 60 MHz, designed as a drop-in replacement for the MX40 pentagrid converter

X41c – X41 with a ceramic base for better frequency stability in VHF Band I TV tuners

X61, X61M = 6J8G – British triode/heptode mixer, octal based
X63 = 6A8 – Heptode pentagrid converter, octal based
X727 = 6BE6/EK90 = 5750 – Pentagrid converter, 7-pin miniature base
Y61, Y63 = 6U5G = VI103 – Optical tuning/level indicator, octal base, similar to 6G5
Z77 = 6AM6/EF91 – Sharp-cutoff RF pentode, 7-pin miniature base
ZA1 (4 V heater), ZA2 (6.3 V heater) – Acorn sharp-cutoff pentodes

Media related to Marconi vacuum tubes at Wikimedia Commons

Mullard designations before 1934

Older Mullard tubes were mostly designated PM, followed by a number containing the filament voltage.

Many later tubes were designated one to three semi-intuitive letters, followed by a number containing the heater voltage. This was phased out after 1934 when Mullard adopted the Mullard–Philips scheme.

Examples:^[2]

2D4 – Dual Diode with a 4 V/650 mA heater and a British 5-pin base
AP4 = 4676 – Acorn UHF Pentode up to 430 MHz, 4 Volts heater
AT4 = 4675 – Acorn UHF Triode up to 430 MHz, 4 Volts heater
FC4 – Octode Frequency Converter with a 4 V/650 mA heater and a British 7-pin base with g4 on top cap, similar to the MX40 heptode^[34]
Pen20 – Power Pentode with a 20 V/180 mA heater and a British 5- or 7-pin base
PM254 = P425 – "Super Power" triode with a 4 V/200 mA battery heater and a British 4-pin base
TDD4 = MHD4 = AC/HLDD – Triode, dual Diode with a 4 V/550 mA heater and a British 7-pin base
TH21C – Triode/Hexode mixer with a 21 V/200 mA series heater and a British 7-pin base
TP4 = AC/TP – Triode, Pentode with a 4 V/1.25 A heater and a British 7-pin base
VP2 = VP21 = VP215 – Variable-mu Pentode with a 2 V/180 mA heater and a British 7-pin base

Media related to Mullard vacuum tubes at Wikimedia Commons

Philips system before 1934

The system consisted of one letter followed by 0 or 1 or 3 or 4 digits. It was phased out after 1934 when Philips adopted the Mullard–Philips scheme.

1st letter: Heater current^[35]^[10]

A – 60...90 mA
B – 100...190 mA (This designation lived on as the "B" (180 mA) in the Mullard–Philips system)
C – 200...390 mA (This designation lived on as the "C" (200 mA) in the Mullard–Philips system)
D – 400...690 mA
E – 700...1390 mA
F – 1.4...2 A

For the earliest tubes, this letter was optionally followed by a sequentially assigned, single digit (examples); later tubes were assigned numbers according to the following scheme:

1 or 2 digit(s): Heater voltage

Last 2 digits: Type

00–40, 99: Triode amplification factor
41–98:

second-last digit: sequentially assigned, starting at 4
last digit:

1 – Tetrode with a space charge grid (the 2nd grid is the control grid)
2 – Tetrode with a screen grid (the 1st grid is the control grid)
3 – Power pentode
4 – Binode, a diode/triode or diode/tetrode
5 – Remote-cutoff RF tetrode
6 – Signal pentode
7 – Remote-cutoff RF pentode
8 – Sharp-cutoff hexode mixer
9 – Remote-cutoff hexode mixer

Examples:^[36]

A106 – Directly heated triode, 1 V, 60 mA filament, amplification factor = 6
A425 = RE034 = HR406 – RF triode, 4 V, 60 mA filament
A435 – Directly heated triode, 4 V, 60 mA filament, amplification factor = 35
A441 – Directly heated tetrode with a space charge grid, 4 V, 60 mA filament
A442 = RES094 = S406 – Directly heated tetrode with a screen grid, 4 V, 60 mA filament
B409 = RE134 = L414 – Triode, 4 Volt, 140 mA filament
B2038 = REN1821 = R2018 = A2118 – Triode, 180 mA heater
B2043 = RENS1823D = PP2018D = L2318D – Indirectly heated power pentode, 20 V, 180 mA DC series heater
B2044 = RENS1854 = DS2218 – Indirectly heated diode/tetrode, 20 V, 180 mA DC series heater

B2044S = REN1826 – Indirectly heated diode/triode, 20 V, 180 mA DC series heater

B2045 = RENS1819 – Indirectly heated remote-cutoff RF tetrode, 20 V, 180 mA DC series heater
B2048 = RENS1824 = MH2018 – Hexode mixer, 20 V, 180 mA heater
B2099 = REN1814 – Indirectly heated triode, 20 V, 180 mA DC series heater, amplification factor = 99
E443H = RES964 = PP4101 = L496D = RTP4 = P435 – Power pentode, 4 V heater
E446 = RENS1284 = HP4101 – Indirectly heated RF pentode, 4 V, 1.1 A heater
E447 = RENS1294 = HP4106 – Indirectly heated remote-cutoff RF pentode, 4 V, 1.1 A heater
E448 = RENS1224 = MH4100 – Indirectly heated sharp-cutoff hexode mixer, 4 V, 1.2 A heater
E449 = RENS1234 = FH4105 – Indirectly heated remote-cutoff hexode mixer, 4 V, 1.2 A heater
F215 – Indirectly heated triode, 2.5 V, 1.5 A heater, amplification factor = 15

Media related to Philips vacuum tubes at Wikimedia Commons

Media related to Philips gas discharge tubes at Wikimedia Commons

STC/Brimar receiving tubes system

"British Manufactured American Radio" (tubes) used all American designations; STC used the following system:

First number: Type^[10]

1 – Half-wave rectifier
2 – Diode
3 – Power triode
4 – High-mu triode
5 – Sharp-cutoff tetrode
6 – Vari-mu tetrode
7 – Power or video pentode
8 – Sharp-cutoff RF pentode
9 – Vari-mu RF pentode
10 – Dual diode
11 – Triode and dual diode
12 – AF Pentode and dual diode
13 – Dual high-mu triode
14 – Dual Class-B power triode
15 – Heptode
16 – DC-coupled power triode
17 – RF pentode and dual diode
18 – Pentode and triode
20 – Triode/hexode or triode/heptode mixer

Next letter: Heater rating

A – 3.6 to 4.4 V Indirectly heated
B – 2 V Directly heated
C – Directly heated other than 2 or 4 V
D – All other heater ratings, indirectly heated other than 4 V

Number: Sequentially assigned number

Examples:

1D6 – Indirectly heated, half-wave rectifier, 5-pin base
4D1 – Indirectly heated triode, 7-pin base
7A3 – Indirectly heated power pentode, 7-pin base
8A1 – Indirectly heated RF sharp-cutoff pentode, 5-pin base with anode top cap
9A1 – Indirectly heated RF/IF remote-cutoff pentode, 5-pin base with anode top cap
10D1 – Indirectly heated, common cathode dual diode, 5-pin base
11A2 – Indirectly heated, common cathode dual diode and triode, 7-pin base
13D3 – Indirectly heated, common cathode dual triode, 9-pin base
15A2 – Indirectly heated, heptode pentagrid converter, 7-pin base
20D4 – Indirectly heated, triode/heptode mixer, 9-pin base

Valvo system before 1934

Valvo^{(de, it)} was a major German electronic components manufacturer from 1924 to 1989; a Philips subsidiary since 1927, Valvo was one of the predecessors of NXP Semiconductors.

The system consisted of one or two letters followed by 3 or 4 digits. It was phased out after 1934 when Valvo adopted the Mullard–Philips scheme.

First letter(s): Type^[37]

A – Triode
AN – Binode, a diode/triode or diode/tetrode
G – Rectifier
H – RF tube
L – Power tube
LK – Power amplifier
U – Triode with a space charge grid
W – Triode for resistor-coupled amplifiers
X – Hexode

Number:

If the first digit is 4, the tube has a 4 V heater
Otherwise, the last two digits give the heater current in tens of mA.

A following letter D indicates more than one grid, not counting a space charge grid

Examples:^[36]

A2118 = B2038 = REN1821 = R2018 – Triode, 180 mA (=18⋅10 mA) heater
H2018D = B2042 = RENS1820 = S2018 – RF Tetrode, 180 mA heater
L496D = E443H = RES964 = PP4101 = RTP4 = P435 – Power pentode, 4 V heater
L2318D = B2043 = RENS1823D = PP2018D – Power pentode, 180 mA heater

Media related to Valvo vacuum tubes at Wikimedia Commons

Media related to Valvo gas discharge tubes at Wikimedia Commons

East European systems

Lamina transmitter tube system

Polish Lamina^(pl) transmitter tube designations consist of one or two letters, a group of digits and an optional letter and/or two digits preceded by a "/" sign.

The first letter indicates the tube type, two equal letters denoting a dual tube:

P – Pentode
Q – Tetrode
T – Triode

A group of digits represents the maximum anode power dissipation in kW

An optional letter specifies the cooling method:

<none> – Radiation
P – Forced-air
W – Water

The first of the two digits after the "/" sign means:

1 – Tube for radio broadcasting and radiocommunication equipment
2 – Tube for industrial equipment
3 – Tube used in TV broadcasting equipment
4 – Tube for radiocommunication equipment with unbalanced modulation
5 – Modulator or pulse tube

The second digit after the "/" is sequentially assigned.

Examples:

Q01 – Power tetrode up to 125 MHz, 0.1 kW (=100 W)
Q3.5 – Power tetrode up to 220 MHz, 3.5 kW
QQ-004/11 – Dual beam power tetrode up to 500 MHz, 0.04 kW (=40 W)

T01 – Power triode up to 200 MHz, 135 W
T015/21 – Power triode up to 150 MHz, 150 W
T02 – Power triode up to 60 MHz, 200 W
T05P/31 – Forced-air cooled power triode up to 1 GHz, 1 kW
T2/22 – Power triode up to 60 MHz, 3 kW
T6 – Power triode up to 30 MHz, 6 kW
T8P/21 – Forced-air cooled power triode up to 120 MHz, 8 kW
T10P/22 – Power triode up to 30 MHz, 10 kW
T-25P – Forced-air cooled power triode up to 30 MHz, 25 kW
T60W/21 – Water-cooled power triode up to 30 MHz, 6 kW

Media related to Lamina vacuum tubes at Wikimedia Commons

Media related to Lamina gas discharge tubes at Wikimedia Commons

RFT transmitter tube system

Rundfunk- und Fernmelde-Technik^{(de, sv)} was the brand of a group of telecommunications manufacturers in the German Democratic Republic. The designation consists of a group of three letters and a group of three or four digits.

The first two letters determine the tube type:

SR – Transmitter tube
VR – Amplifier tube

The third letter specifies the cooling method:

L – Forced-air
S – Radiation
V – Vapor (the anode is immersed in evaporating water, and the steam is collected, condensed and recycled)
W – Water

The first digit (or the first two digits in double tubes) indicates the number of electrodes:

2 – Diode
3 – Triode
4 – Tetrode
5 – Pentode

The last two digits are sequentially assigned.

Examples:

SRL/W314 – Forced-air/water-cooled triode up to 30 MHz, 12 kW
SRL364 – Forced-air cooled triode up to 175 MHz, 14 kW
SRL458 – Forced-air cooled tetrode up to 790 MHz, 10 kW
SRL462 – Forced-air cooled tetrode up to 30 MHz, 25 kW
SRS301 – Radiation-cooled triode up to 40 MHz, 900 W
SRS362 – Radiation-cooled triode up to 100 MHz, 1.25 kW
SRS401 – Radiation-cooled tetrode up to 120 MHz, 1 kW
SRS464 – Radiation-cooled, vibration-resistant pulse tetrode up to 300 kW
SRS4451 – Radiation-cooled dual tetrode up to 500 MHz, 60 W
SRS4452 = QQE03/20 = 6252 – Radiation-cooled dual tetrode up to 600 MHz, 20 W
SRS4452 – Radiation-cooled dual tetrode up to 600 MHz, 20 W
SRS4453 – Pulse version of the SRS4451
SRS501 – Radiation-cooled pentode up to 50 MHz, 100 W
SRS552N = ГУ-50 – Radiation-cooled pentode up to 120 MHz, 50 W
SRV355 – Vapor-cooled triode up to 30 MHz, 50 kW
SRW353 – Water-cooled tetrode up to 220 MHz, 15 kW
VRS303 – Radiation-cooled AF triode, 1 kW
VRS328 – Radiation-cooled AF triode, 150 W
VRS331 – Radiation-cooled AF triode, 450 W

Note: RFT used the Mullard–Philips and RETMA schemes for their low-power tubes.

Media related to RFT vacuum tubes at Wikimedia Commons

Tesla systems

Signal tubes

Besides the genuine Mullard–Philips system, Tesla also used an M-P/RETMA hybrid scheme:^[10]

First number: Heater voltage, as in the RETMA system

Next letter(s): Type, subset of the Mullard–Philips system

Next digit: Base

1 – Octal K8A, A08
2 – Loctal W8A
3 – Miniature 7-pin B7G
4 – Noval B9A
5 – Special, mostly 9 out of 10 1.25mm pins on a 25mm-diameter circle
6 – Submagnal B11A
7 – Duodecal B12A
8 – Diheptal B14A
9 – Pigtails

Last digit: Sequentially assigned number

Examples:

1M90 (DM70/1M3) – Subminiature indicator tube, 1.4 V/25 mA filament, all-glass pigtailed
1Y32 – 9-pin miniature CRT EHT rectifier with 1.4 V/265 mA filament

1Y32T – 1Y32 with internal X-radiation shielding

4L20 – Directly heated RF power pentode; center-tapped 4.2 V/325 mA filament; Soviet 4П1Л, German RL4,2P6 with Loctal base
6B31 – Dual diode up to 700 MHz; 6.3 V/300 mA heater, miniature 7-pin base
6BC32 (6AV6, EBC91) – Dual diode and triode; 6.3 V/300 mA heater, miniature 7-pin base
6CC31 (6J6, ECC91) – 600 MHz dual triode; 6.3 V/450 mA heater, miniature 7-pin base
6CC42 (2C51) – VHF dual triode; 6.3 V/350 mA heater, noval base
6F24 – Telecom pentode, 6.3 V/450 mA heater, Loctal base
6F36 (6AH6) – Sharp-cutoff IF/video pentode, 6.3 V/450 mA heater, miniature 7-pin base
6H31 (6BE6, EK90) – Heptode mixer; 6.3 V/300 mA heater, miniature 7-pin base
6L36 (6AQ5, EL90) – Power pentode, 6.3 V/450 mA heater, miniature 7-pin base
6L41 (5763) – Beam tetrode, 6.3 V/750 mA heater, noval base
35Y31 – Half-wave rectifier, miniature 7-pin base; 35 V/150 mA series heater; UY1N with 7-pin base

Power tubes

First letter:

R – Rectifier or RF tube
U – Gas-filled power rectifier
Z – Modulator tube

Next letter(s): Type, subset of the Mullard–Philips scheme

Next number: Anode dissipation in W (if radiation-cooled) or kW (otherwise)

The next letter specifies the cooling method:

<none> – Radiation
V – Vapor
X – Forced-air
Y – Water

Examples:

RA0007B – Directly heated saturated-emission ballast diode. Acts as a heating current-controlled, variable series resistor in voltage/current stabilizer circuits; U_Amax 600 V I_Amax 700 µA, miniature 9-pin noval base
RA025B – 20 kV, 250 mA Half-wave rectifier with an E40 Goliath Edison lamp screw base and an anode screw top cap
RA05A – 25 kV, 700 mA Half-wave rectifier with an E40 Goliath Edison lamp screw base and an anode screw top cap
RA7YB – 25 kV, 7 A Half-wave rectifier
RA100A – 40 kV, 100 mA Half-wave rectifier with an E40 Goliath Edison lamp screw base and an anode top cap

RC5B – Bowl-type UHF power triode up to 5 W

RD27AS – Radiation-cooled power triode up to 25 MHz, 27 W
RD200B – Radiation-cooled power triode up to 60 MHz, 200 W
RD300S – Radiation-cooled power triode up to 200 MHz, 300 W
RD1XB – Water-cooled power triode up to 30 MHz, 1 kW
RD1.5XA – Air-cooled power triode up to 30 MHz, 1.5 kW
RD2XF – Air-cooled power triode up to 150 MHz, 2 kW
RD3XL – Air-cooled power triode up to 30 MHz, 2 kW
RD5XF – Air-cooled power triode up to 100 MHz, 5 kW
RD5YA – Water-cooled power triode up to 20 MHz, 5 kW
RD8XA – Air-cooled power triode up to 3 MHz, 8 kW
RD12XB – Air-cooled power triode up to 30 MHz, 12 kW
RD12YB – Water-cooled power triode up to 30 MHz, 12 kW
RD18YA – Water-cooled power triode up to 30 MHz, 18 kW
RD20VL – Vapor-cooled power triode up to 100 MHz, 20 kW
RD20XF – Air-cooled power triode up to 30 MHz, 20 kW
RD50VL – Vapor-cooled power triode up to 100 MHz, 50 kW
RD50XA – Air-cooled power triode up to 3 MHz, 50 kW
RD50YA – Water-cooled power triode up to 10 MHz, 50 kW
RD75YB – Water-cooled power triode up to 3 MHz, 75 kW
RD150YA – Water-cooled power triode up to 3 MHz, 150 kW

RE40AK = KT88
RE65A – Radiation-cooled beam tetrode up to 260 MHz, 65 W
RE125C – Radiation-cooled beam tetrode up to 235 MHz, 125 W
RE400C – Radiation-cooled beam tetrode up to 235 MHz, 400 W
RE1000F – Radiation-cooled beam tetrode up to 150 MHz, 1 kW
RE041XL – Air-cooled beam tetrode up to 250 MHz, 500 W
RE0125XL – Air-cooled beam tetrode up to 500 MHz, 150 W
RE025XA – Air-cooled beam tetrode up to 500 MHz, 250 W
RE1.5XL – Air-cooled beam tetrode up to 250 MHz, 2 kW
RE5XL – Air-cooled beam tetrode up to 250 MHz, 5 kW
RE20XL – Air-cooled beam tetrode up to 220 MHz, 20 kW

REE30A – Radiation-cooled dual beam tetrode up to 250 MHz, 20 W

RL15A – Radiation-cooled power pentode up to 60 MHz, 20 W
RL40A – Radiation-cooled power pentode up to 120 MHz, 40 W
RL65A – Radiation-cooled power pentode up to 15 MHz, 65 W

UA025A – 10 kV, 250 mA Argon-filled, half-wave rectifier with an E24 Edison lamp screw base and an anode screw top cap
UA1A – 8 kV, 1 A Half-wave mercury-vapor rectifier with an E40 Goliath Edison lamp screw base and an anode screw top cap
UA3A – 11 kV, 3 A Half-wave mercury-vapor rectifier with an E40 Goliath Edison lamp screw base and an anode screw top cap
UA5A – 11 kV, 5 A Half-wave mercury-vapor rectifier with a 2-pin base and an anode screw top cap

ZD1000F – Radiation-cooled power triode up to 60 MHz, 1 kW
ZD1XB – Air-cooled AF power triode up to 1.2 kW
ZD3XH – Air-cooled power triode up to 60 MHz, 3 kW
ZD8XA – Air-cooled power triode up to 20 MHz, 8 kW
ZD12YA – Air-cooled AF power triode up to 20 MHz, 12 kW

ZE025XS – Air-cooled beam tetrode up to 400 MHz, 250 W

Media related to Tesla vacuum tubes at Wikimedia Commons

Media related to Tesla gas discharge tubes at Wikimedia Commons

Tungsram receiving tubes system before 1934

The Tungsram system was composed of a maximum of three letters and three or four digits.^[38]^[37] It was phased out after 1934 when Tungsram adopted the Mullard–Philips scheme, frequently preceding it with the letter T, as in TAD1 for AD1.

Letter: System type:

Note: A preceding letter A indicates an indirectly heated tube

D – Detector diode
DD – Dual diode
DG – Tetrode with a space charge grid (the 2nd grid is the control grid)
DS – Diode-tetrode
FH – Remote-cutoff hexode pentagrid converter
G – Preamplifier triode
H – Voltage amplifier triode or grid-leak detector
HP – RF pentode
HR – RF triode
L – AF power triode
MH – Hexode pentagrid converter
MO – Octode pentagrid converter
O – Transmitting tube
P – Power triode
PP – Power pentode
PV – Full-wave rectifier
R – High-Mu triode
S – Tetrode
V – Half-wave rectifier
X – US-licensed tube

Number:

First digit (or the first two digits): Heater voltage
Remaining digits: Heater current in tens of mA, but the last digit is sequentially assigned

Examples:^[36]

AS4100 – Tetrode, 4 V, 1 A (=100⋅10 mA) indirect heater
FH4105 = E449 = RENS1234 – Indirectly heated remote-cutoff hexode mixer, 4 V, 1.2 A heater
HP4101 = E446 = RENS1284 – RF pentode, 4 V, 1 A filament
HP4106 = E447 = RENS1294 – Indirectly heated remote-cutoff RF pentode, 4 V, 1.1 A heater
HR406 = A425 = RE034 – RF triode, 4 V, 60 mA (=6⋅10 mA) filament
L414 = B409 = RE134 – Triode, 4 Volt, 140 mA (=14⋅10 mA) filament
MH2018 = B2048 = RENS1824 – Hexode mixer, 20 V, 180 mA (=18⋅10 mA) heater
MH4100 = E448 = RENS1224 – Indirectly heated sharp-cutoff hexode mixer, 4 V, 1.2 A heater
PP2018D = B2043 = RENS1823D = L2318D – Indirectly heated power pentode, 20 V, 180 mA DC series heater
PP4101 = E443H = RES964 = L496D = RTP4 = P435 – Power pentode, 4 V heater
PV4200 – Full-wave rectifier, 4 V, 2 A (=200⋅10 mA) filament
R2018 = B2038 = REN1821 = A2118 – Triode, 180 mA heater
S406 = A442 = RES094 – Directly heated tetrode with a screen grid, 4 V, 60 mA filament
S2018 = B2042 = RENS1820 = H2018D – RF Tetrode, 180 mA heater

Media related to Tungsram vacuum tubes at Wikimedia Commons

Russian systems

Vacuum tubes produced in the former Soviet Union and in present-day Russia are designated in Cyrillic. Some confusion has been created in transliterating these designations to Latin.

1929 system

The first system was introduced in 1929. It consisted of one or two letters and a sequentially assigned number with up to 3 digits^[37]

First letter: System type:

Б → B – Power oscillator tube or barretter
В → V – Rectifier (Russian: Выпрями́тель)
Г → G – RF power tube (Russian: Генератор "Generator")
Ж → J – Low-power oscillator tube
M → M – Modulator
Н → N – AF amplifier
П → P – Receiver tube
С → S – Special tube, such as a pentode or a CRT
Т → T – Carrier frequency tube
У → U – Amplifier tube

Second letter (optional): Type of cathode:

Б → B – Barium-coated
К → K – Carburized
О → O – Oxide-coated
Т → T – Thoriated
Ц → C – Caesium-coated

Then a hyphen ("-"), followed by a sequentially assigned number

Examples:^[39]^[40]

ВО-116, ВО-188, ВО-202 → VO-116, VO-188, VO-202 – Full-wave rectifiers with an oxide-coated cathode
СБ-242, СБ-244, СО-241 → SB-242, SB-244, SO-241 – 2-volts directly heated tube set for budget-priced portable, battery-operated radios
СО-118, СО-122, СО-124 → SO-118 (Triode), SO-122 (Power pentode), SO-124 (Tetrode) – 4-volts indirectly heated tube set for premium radios
CO-148 → SO-148 – Variable-mu tetrode with an oxide-coated cathode
СО-242 → SO-242 – Heptode with an oxide-coated cathode
УБ-110 → UB-110 – Triode with a barium-coated cathode
УО-104, УО-186 → UO-104, UO-186 – Power triodes
СБ-154, УБ-107, УБ-110, УБ-132 → SB-154, UB-107, UB-110, UB-132 – Budget-priced, 4-volts directly heated power triodes

In 1937, the Soviet Union purchased a tube assembly line from RCA (who at the time had difficulties raising funds for their basic operations), including production licenses and initial staff training, and installed it on the Svetlana/Светлана plant in St. Petersburg, Russia. US-licensed tubes were produced since then under an adapted RETMA scheme.

Examples:^[41]

6Ф5 = 6F5 – High-mu triode
6Ф6 = 6F6 – Power pentode
6Х6 = 6H6 – Dual diode
6Ж7 = 6J7/EF37 – Sharp-cutoff pentode
6Л6 = 6L6 – Beam tetrode
6Л7 = 6L7 – Pentagrid converter
6Н7 = 6N7 – Dual power triode
6АЖ5 = 6AJ5 – Low (6.3-80 V) anode voltage, sharp-cutoff pentode

GOST standard tubes system

In the 1950s a 5-element system (Russian: Государственный Стандарт "State standard" ГОСТ/GOST 5461-59, later 13393-76) was adopted in the (then) Soviet Union for designating receiver vacuum tubes.^[42]^[43]

The 1st element is a number specifying filament voltage in volts (rounded to the nearest whole number; 06 means 0.625 V)

The 2nd element is a Cyrillic character specifying the type of device:

А → A – Pentagrid converter
Б → B – Combined diode-pentode
В → V – Vacuum tube with secondary emission
Г → G – Combined triode-diode
Д → D – Diode, including damper diodes
Е → Ye – Optical tuning/level indicator
Ж → J – Sharp-cutoff pentode
И → I – Triode/hexode, triode/heptode or triode/octode mixer
К → K – Variable-mu / remote-cutoff pentode
Л → L – Nonode
Н → N – Dual triode

МН → MN – Mechanotron-type^(ru) mechano-electronic displacement sensor^[44]

П → P – Power pentode or beam tetrode
Р → R – Dual pentode or a dual tetrode
С → S – Triode
У → U – Power triode (was soon deprecated)
Ф → F – Combined triode-pentode
Х → H or X – Dual diode

МХ → MH – Mechanotron-type mechano-electronic displacement sensor
МДХ → MDH – Mechanotron-type mechano-electronic pressure sensor
МУХ → MUH – Mechanotron-type mechano-electronic rotation sensor

Ц → C – Low-power rectifier (kenotron)
Э → E – Tetrode

The 3rd element is a sequentially assigned number – a series designator that distinguishes between different devices of the same type.

The 4th element denotes vacuum tube construction (base, envelope):

<none> – All-metal tube
Д → D – Glass-metal envelope with disc connections (for UHF operation)
Ж → J – Acorn tube
К → K – Metal-ceramic envelope
Л → L – Loctal base
М → M – Short envelope with an octal base
Н → N – Nuvistor
П → P – Small 9-pin or 7-pin glass envelope (22.5 or 19 mm in diameter)
Р → R – Subminiature glass envelope with a diameter up to 5 mm
А → A – Subminiature glass envelope (5 to 8 mm in diameter) with flexible leads
Б → B – Subminiature glass envelope (8 to 10.2 mm in diameter) with flexible leads
Г → G – Glass envelope (10.2 to 22.5 mm in diameter)
С → S – Glass envelope (greater than 22.5 mm in diameter), typically with an octal base

The 5th element is optional. It consists of a hyphen ("-") followed by a single character or a combination of characters, and denotes special characteristics (if any) of the tube:

В → V – Increased reliability and mechanical ruggedness (such as low susceptibility to noise and microphonics)
Р → R – Even better than V
Е → Ye – Extended service life (≥5000 h)
Д → D – Exceptionally long service life (≥10000 h)
И → I – Optimised for "pulsed" (i.e. switching) mode of operation
К → K – Vibration-resistant

Note: In most cases this means construction differences to the basic version, rather than a selection for those characteristics from the regular-quality production at the factory.

For examples see below

Professional tubes system

There is another designation system for professional tubes such as transmitter ones.^[45]^[37]

The 1st element: Function

БХ, БХВ, БСМ, БСВ → BH, BHV, BSM, BSV – X-ray tube
В → V – Vacuum power rectifier (Russian: Выпрями́тель)

ВГ → VG – Gas-discharge or mercury-vapor power rectifier
ВИ → VI – Pulse power rectifier

Г → G – RF power tube (Russian: Генератор "Generator"), two-lettered with some notable exceptions such as the Г807

ГД → GD – Longwave tube
ГК → GK – Shortwave tube (≤30 MHz)
ГУ → GU – VHF tube (≤300 MHz)
ГС → GS – UHF tube (>300 MHz)
ГМ → GM – Modulator tube
ГИ → GI – Impulse tube
ГМИ → GMI – Pulse modulator tube
ГП → GP – Power tube for use in series-pass voltage regulators
ГПИ → GPI – Pulse power tube
ГГ → GG – Gas-discharge rectifier
ГР → GR – Mercury-vapor rectifier
ГШ, ГШП → GSha, GShaP – Noise diode

ЕГ, ОГ → YeG, OG – Dekatron
И → I – Ignitron
К, КУ, КИУ → K, KU, KIU – (Reflex-)Klystron
Л → L – Beam deflection tube incl. CRTs (Russian: Электронно-лучевые приборы "Electron beam device", "CRT")

Most CRT designations are preceded by a number giving the screen diagonal or diameter in cm (rounded-off to the nearest whole number)

ЛИ → LI – Video camera tube or monoscope
ЛК → LK – CRT for TV with magnetic deflection (Russian: Кинеско́п, meaning "picture tube", not "Kinescope")
ЛМ → LM – Radar CRT, flying-spot scanner, Skiatron, etc. with magnetic deflection
ЛН → LN – Storage tube
ЛНС → LNS – Typotron (Russian: Знакопечатающая запоминающая трубка "Typographic memory tube")
ЛО → LO – CRT for oscilloscopes with electrostatic deflection
ЛФ → LF – Analog function generator
ЛП → LP – Trochotron
ЛС → LS – Charactron (Russian: Знакопечатающая трубка "Typographic tube")

М → M – Magnetron

МИ → MI – Pulse magnetron
МУ, МИУ → MU, MIU – Crossed-field amplifier

Н → N – Nuvistor
ОВ, ОВС → OV, OVS – Backward-wave amplifier (Russian: Ла́мпа обра́тной волны́)
СБМ, СБС, СБТ, СИ, СГМ, СТС → SBM, SBS, SBT, SI, SGM, STS – Geiger–Müller tube
СГ → SG – Voltage reference
СТ → ST – Barretter
Т → T – Thyratron

ТГ, ТГИ → TG, TGI – Gas-filled thyratron
ТР → TR – Mercury-vapor thyratron
ТХ, ТХИ, МТХ → TH, THI, MTH – Gas-filled, cold-cathode thyratron

УВ, УВИ → UV, UVI – Forward-wave amplifier
Ф → F – Phototube

ФЭК → FEK – High-speed pulse phototube with a coaxial output connector
ФЭУ → FEU – Photomultiplier (Russian: Фотоэлектронный умножитель)

ЭМ → EM – Electrometer tube
ЭПЛ → EPL – Semiconductor/tube hybrid (Russian: Электронно-полупроводниковая лампа)

Next elements:

Ignitrons, Rectifier tubes, Thyratrons:

A digit

Then a hyphen ("-"), followed by the anode current in A

Then a slash ("/"), followed by the anode voltage in kV

Then a letter specifying the cooling method:

<none> – Radiation
А → A – Water

Transmitting tubes:

A hyphen ("-"), followed by a sequentially assigned number

Then a letter specifying the cooling method:

<none> – Radiation
А → A – Water
Б → B – Air
П → P – Vapor

Phototubes and Photomultipliers:

A hyphen ("-"), followed by a sequentially assigned number

Then one or two letters:

В → V – Vacuum
Г → G – Gas-filled
С → S – Caesium-activated antimony cathode
Ц → C – Caesium cathode

For examples see below

Japanese systems

Older numbering system 1941–51

A letter: Structure and usage^[46]

E – Electron ray tube
K – Kenotron (rectifier)
U – General-purpose tube

Then a letter: Base and outline

N – Pigtailed (Acorn tubes, etc.)
S – Octal glass/metal
T – ST large 7-pin
t – ST small 7-pin
V – 4-pin
X – S/ST 4-pin
x – Peanut 4-pin
Y – S/ST 5-pin
y – Peanut 5-pin
Z – S/ST 6-pin U6A

Then a hyphen ("-"), followed by a sequentially assigned number or the designation of the American original

Then an optional hyphen ("-"), followed by a letter: Version

Examples:^[47]

EZ-6G5 = 6G5 – Variable-mu "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator
KX-80-B – Kenotron
UN-954 = 954 – Acorn sharp-cutoff pentode
UN-955 = 955 – Acorn triode
US-6A8 = 6A8 – Pentagrid converter
US-6L7G = 6L7G – Pentagrid converter
UX-26-B – Medium-mu RF triode
UX-167 – Sharp-cutoff RF pentode
UY-47B – Pentode
UZ-58-A – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode

JIS C 7001 system

JIS C 7001 was published in 1951 and modified in 1965 and 1970^[46]

A number: Heater voltage range, as in the RETMA scheme

1 – 1 V ≤ U_f < 2 V
2 – 2 V ≤ U_f < 2.5 V
3 – 2.5 V ≤ U_f < 4 V
4 – 4 V ≤ U_f < 5 V
5 – 5 V ≤ U_f < 6 V
6 – 6 V ≤ U_f < 7 V

etc.

Then a letter: Base and Outline

A – Special base
B – Other
C – Compactron (Duodecal)
D – Subminiature button base
E – Subminiature flat base
F – European 4-pin ST
G – Octal base glass tube (GT)
H – Magnoval
K – Ceramic
L – Lock-In (Loctal)
M – Miniature (7-pin)
N – Nuvistor
Q – Acorn tube
R – Noval (9-pin miniature) or Neonoval (9T9)
S – Octal (US)
T – Large 7-pin ST
W – 7-pin ST
X – 4-pin ST
Y – 5-pin ST
Z – 6-pin ST

Then a hyphen ("-"), followed by a letter: Structure and usage

A – Power triode
B – Beam power tube
C – Pentagrid converter
D – Diode
E – Optical tuning/level indicator
G – Gas-filled rectifier
H – High-mu triode (μ>30)
K – Kenotron (rectifier)

Even number after K: Full-wave rectifier
Odd number after K: Half-wave rectifier

L – Low-mu triode (μ<30)
P – Power tetrode or pentode
R – Sharp-cutoff tetrode or pentode
S – Tetrode with a space charge grid (the 2nd grid is the control grid)
T – Gas-filled, grid-controlled
V – Variable-mu (remote-cutoff) tetrode and pentode
X – Other

Then a sequentially assigned number

Then an optional letter: Version

Examples:^[47]

2N-H12 – Nuvistor
2X-L2A – Low-mu triode
6C-A10 – Power triode
6G-A4 – Power triode
6G-B8 – Beam power tube
6G-E12A – 2-channel "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, rectangular target
6H-B26 – Beam power tube
6M-DE1 – Diode and "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, miniature 7-pin base B7G
6M-E4 – "Magic Finger"-type tuning indicator, miniature 7-pin base B7G
6M-E5 = 6ME5 – "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, miniature 7-pin base B7G
6M-E10 – "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, miniature 7-pin base B7G
6N-H10 – Nuvistor
6R-A8 – Power triode
6R-B10 – Beam power tube
6R-B11 – Beam power tube

Military naming systems

British CV naming system

This system prefixes a three- or four-digit number with the letters "CV", meaning "civilian valve" i.e. common to all three armed services. It was introduced during the Second World War to rationalise the previous nomenclatures maintained separately by the War Office/Ministry of Supply, Admiralty and Air Ministry/Ministry of Aircraft Production on behalf of the three armed services (e.g. "ACR~", "AR~", "AT~", etc. for CRTs, receiving and transmitting valves used in army equipments, "NC~", "NR~" and "NT~" similarly for navy equipments and "VCR~", "VR~" and "VT~" etc. for air force equipments), in which three separate designations could in principle apply to the same valve (which often had at least one prototype commercial designation as well). These numbers generally have identical equivalents in both the North American, RETMA, and West European, Mullard–Philips, systems but they bear no resemblance to the assigned "CV" number.

Examples:

CV1988 = 6SN7GT = ECC32 (not a direct equivalent as heater current is different and bulb is larger)
CV2729 = E80F – An SQ version of EF80 but with revised pin-out and a base screen substituted for the RF screen
CV4007 = E91AA – SQ version of 6AL5
CV4010 = E95F – SQ version of 6AK5 or EF95
CV4014 = M8083 – SQ version of EF91 or 6AM6 (The 'M' in the part number denotes that it was developed by the military)

Note: The 4000 numbers identify special-quality valves though SQ valves CV numbered before that rule came in retain their original CV number.

The principle behind the CV numbering scheme was also adopted by the US Joint Army-Navy JAN numbering scheme which was later considerably expanded into the US Federal and then NATO Stock Number system used by all NATO countries. This part-identification system ensures that every particular spare part (not merely thermionic valves) receives a unique stock number across the whole of NATO irrespective of the source, and hence is not held inefficiently as separate stores. In the case of CV valves, the stock number is always of the format 5960-99-000-XXXX where XXXX is the CV number (with a leading 0 if the CV number only has 3 digits).

U.S. naming systems

One system prefixes a three-digit number with the letters "VT", presumably meaning "Vacuum Tube". Other systems prefix the number with the letters "JHS" or "JAN". The numbers following these prefixes can be "special" four-digit numbers, or domestic two- or three-digit numbers or simply the domestic North American "RETMA" numbering system. Like the British military system, these have many direct equivalents in the civilian types.

Confusingly, the British also had two entirely different "VT" nomenclatures, one used by the Royal Air Force (see the preceding section) and the other used by the General Post Office, responsible for post and telecommunications at the time, where it may have stood for "valve, telephone"; none of these schemes corresponded in any way with each other.

Examples:

"VT" numbering systems

North American VT90 = 6H6
British (RAF) VT90 – VHF Transmitting triode
British (GPO) VT90 = ML4 = CV1732 – Power triode
VT104 – RF pentode
VT105 – RF triode

Other numeral-only systems

Various numeral-only systems exist. These tend to be used for devices used in commercial or industrial equipment.

For examples see below

The oldest numbering systems date back to the early 1920s, such as a two-digit numbering system, starting with the UV-201A, which was considered as "type 01", and extended almost continuously up into the 1980s.

For examples see below

Three- and four-digit numeral-only systems were maintained by R.C.A., but also adopted by many other manufacturers, and typically encompassed rectifiers and radio transmitter output devices. Devices in the low 800s tend to be transmitter output types, those in the higher 800s are not vacuum tubes, but gas-filled rectifiers and thyratrons, and those in the 900s tend to be special-purpose and high-frequency devices. Use was not rigorously systematic: the 807 had variants 1624, 1625, and 807W.

For examples see below under 800s, 900s, 1600s and 9000s

Other letter followed by numerals

There are quite a number of these systems from different geographical realms, such as those used on devices from contemporary Russian and Chinese production. Other compound numbering systems were used to mark higher-reliability types used in industrial or commercial applications. Computers and telecommunication equipment also required tubes of greater quality and reliability than for domestic and consumer equipment.

Some letter prefixes are manufacturer's codes:

C – RCA/Cunningham
CK, QK, RK – Raytheon Company
ECG – Philips/Sylvania
EM – Eitel McCullough
F – Federal Telephone and Radio
GE, GL – General Electric Corp. (not British General Electric Company)
HK – Heintz & Kaufman, Ltd. (San Francisco, California, USA)
HY – CBS/Hytron
ML – Machlett Laboratories, Inc.
NL – National Electronics, Inc.
NU – National Union Electric Corp.
PL – Philips N.V.
RCA – RCA/Radiotron
SV – Svetlana/Светлана
SY – Standard Telephones and Cables Australia branch, Sydney plant (not Sylvania Inc.)
TH – Compagnie Française Thomson-Houston
WE – Western Electric Company
WL – Westinghouse Electric Corp.
XD – Central Electronic Manufacturers (Denville, New Jersey, USA)

For examples see below

Some designations are derived from the behavior of devices considered to be exceptional.

Mazda/EdiSwan sold their first tubes for 4-volts AC mains transformer (as opposed to home storage battery) heating with the prefix AC/ (for examples see below).
The first beam tetrodes manufactured in the UK in the late 1930s by M-OV, carried a "KT" prefix meaning Kinkless Tetrode (for examples see below).

List of American RETMA tubes, with European equivalents

Note: Typecode explained above

0 prefix - Gas-filled cold-cathode tubes

First character is numeric zero, not letter O.

Voltage stabilisers and references

Notes:

Used in a similar way to a Zener diode, at higher voltages
7-pin miniature-based regulators: Letter order (A-B-C) indicates decreasing voltage; cathode on pins 2, 4, 7; anode on pins 1, 5
Octal-based regulators: Letter order (A-B-C) indicates increasing voltage; cathode on pin 2; anode on pin 5; jumper between pins 3 and 7 to unpower the device when the regulator is pulled from its socket

0A2 = 150C2 – 150 volt regulator, 7-pin miniature base
0A3 = VR75 – 75 volt regulator, octal base
0B2 = 108C1 (6627) – 105 volt regulator, 7-pin miniature base
0B3 = VR90 – 90 volt regulator, octal base
0C2 – 75 volt regulator, 7-pin miniature base
0C3 = VR105 – 105 volt regulator, octal base
0D3 = VR150 – 150 volt regulator, octal base
0E3 = 85A1 – 85 volt regulator, 3-pin base
0G3 = 85A2 – 85 volt regulator, 7-pin miniature base

Trigger tubes

0A4G – 25 mA_avg, 100 mA_peak Gas triode designed for use as a ripple control receiver; with the cathode tied to the midpoint of a series-resonance LC circuit across live mains, it would activate a relay in its anode circuit while f_res is present
0A5 – 1 kV, 10 A_peak Gas triode with a keep-alive (primer) electrode and a shield grid, designed for relay drive and general switching service

Rectifiers

0Y4 – 40 ≤ I ≤ 75 mA Half-wave gas rectifier with a starter anode, 5-pin octal base
0Z3 – 30 ≤ I ≤ 75 mA Full-wave gas rectifier, 5-pin base. Used in vibrator power supplies in early automobile radio receivers
0Z4 – 30 ≤ I ≤ 90 mA Argon-filled, full-wave gas rectifier, 5-pin octal base. Widely used in vibrator power supplies in early automobile radio receivers

1 prefix - 1 volt filament/heater tubes

1.25 volt DC filament subminiature tubes

The following tubes were used in post-World War II walkie-talkies and pocket-sized portable radios. All have 1.25 volt DC filaments and directly heated cathodes. Some specify which end of the filament is to be powered by the positive side of the filament power supply (usually a battery). All have glass bodies that measure from 0.285 to 0.400 inches (7.2 to 10.2 millimetres) wide, and from 1.25 to 2.00 inches (32 to 51 millimetres) in overall length

1AC5 – Power pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails
1AD4/DF62 – Sharp-cutoff pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails
1AD5 – Sharp-cutoff pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base
1AE5 – Heptode mixer, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails
1AG4 – Power pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails
1AG5 – Diode, pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails
1AH4 – RF pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails
1AJ5 – Diode, sharp-cutoff pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails
1AK4 – Sharp-cutoff pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails
1AK5 – Diode, sharp-cutoff pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails
1C8 – Heptode pentagrid converter, all-glass round cross-section body and circular 8-pin/pigtails base
1D3 – Low-mu high-frequency triode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base
1E8 – Heptode pentagrid converter, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base
1Q6 – Diode, pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base
1S6 – Diode, pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base
1T6 – Diode, pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base
1V5 – Power pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base
1V6/DCF60 – Triode-pentode converter, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 7-pin base, long pigtails
1W5 – Sharp-cutoff pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base

More of these tubes are listed as equivalents under M-P D - 1.4 V filament/heater

1.4 volt DC filament/heater tubes

1A3 – High frequency diode with indirectly heated cathode. Used as a detector in some portable AM/FM receivers
1A7GT/DK32 – Heptode pentagrid converter, re-engineered version of types 1A6 and 1D7-G, designed for use in portable AC/DC/Dry-cell battery radios introduced in 1938. Has 1.4 V/50 mA filament
1B7-GT – Heptode pentagrid converter, re-engineered version of types 1C6 and 1C7-G, designed for use in dry-cell battery radios with shortwave bands. Has 1.4 V/100 mA filament
1G6-G – Dual power triode. "GT" version also available
1L6 – Heptode pentagrid converter for battery radios with 50 mA filament
1LA6 (Loctal) and later 1L6 (7-pin miniature) – Battery heptode pentagrid converter for Zenith Trans-Oceanic shortwave radio, 50 mA filament
1LB6 – Heptode pentagrid converter for battery-operated radios
1LC6 – 1LA6 with higher conversion transconductance
1R5/DK91 – Heptode pentagrid converter, anode voltage in the 45...90 volt range
1S4/DL91 – Power output pentode Class-A amplifier, anode voltage in the 45...90 volt range
1S5/DAF91 – Diode and sharp-cutoff pentode Class-A amplifier, used as detector and first A.F. stage in battery radio receivers. Anode voltage in the 67...90 volt range, 50 mA filament

1S5-SF = 1S5T = 1AR5 – 1S5/DAF91 with a 25 mA filament

1T4/DF91 – Remote-cutoff R.F. Pentode Class-A amplifier, used as R.F. and I.F. amplifier in battery radio receivers (B7G base)
1U4/DF904/5910 – Sharp-cutoff R.F. Pentode Class-A amplifier, used as R.F. and I.F. amplifier in battery radio receivers, similar characteristics to 6BA6/EF93 (B7G base)
1U6 – Nearly identical to type 1L6, but with a 1.4 V/25 mA filament

More of these tubes are listed as equivalents under M-P D - 1.4 V filament/heater

2 volt DC filament tubes

These tubes were made for home storage battery receivers manufactured during the early to mid-1930s; all have 2.0 volt DC filaments despite the 1-prefix, intended to distinguish them from the 2.5 volt AC heated tubes listed below

1A4-p – Remote-cutoff pentode
1A4-t – Remote-cutoff tetrode
1A6 – Heptode pentagrid converter up to only 10 MHz due to low heater power (2 V/60 mA) and consequent low emission in the oscillator section; also occasionally used as a grid-leak detector
1B4-p – Sharp-cutoff pentode
1B4-t – Sharp-cutoff tetrode
1B5 – Dual detector diode, medium-mu triode. Usually numbered 1B5/25S
1C5 – Power pentode (similar to 3Q5 except for filament)
1C6 – Heptode pentagrid converter; 1A6, with double the heater power and double the frequency range
1C7-G – Octal version of type 1C6
1D5-Gp – Octal version of type 1A4-p
1D5-Gt – Octal version of type 1A4-t. (Note: This is a shouldered "G" octal, not a cylindrical "GT" octal)
1D7-G – Octal version of type 1A6
1E5-Gp – Octal version of type 1B4-p
1E5-Gt – Octal version of type 1B4-t. (Note: This is a shouldered "G" octal, not a cylindrical "GT" octal)
1E7-G – Dual power pentode for use as a driver when parallel-connected, or as a push-pull output. "GT" version also available
1F4 – Power pentode
1F5-G – Octal version of 1F4
1F6 – Duplex diode, sharp-cutoff pentode
1F7-G – Octal version of type 1F6
1G5-G – Power pentode
1H4-G – Medium-mu triode, can be used as a power triode. Octal version of type 30, which is an upgraded version of type 01-A. "GT" version also available
1H6-G – Octal version of type 1B5/25S. "GT" version also available
1J5-G (950) – AF Power pentode
1J6-G – Dual power triode, octal version of type 19. "GT" version also available

CRT anode rectifiers

1AD2 – Compactron CRT EHT rectifier with 1.25 V/200 mA filament

1AD2A – 1AD2 retrofitted with an internal X-radiation shielding, introduced after the 1967 General Electric X-radiation scandal^[48]

1AJ2 – Compactron CRT EHT rectifier with 1.25 V/200 mA filament
1AY2 – Duopin 2-pin base CRT EHT rectifier. Has similar electrical characteristics as 1B3GT
1B3GT/1G3GT – CRT EHT rectifier with 1.25 V filament common in monochrome TV receivers of the 1950s and early 1960s. Peak inverse voltage of 30 kV. Anode current 2 mA average, 17 mA peak, International Octal base. Derived from the earlier industrial type 8016
1BC2 – 9-pin Miniature CRT EHT rectifier with 1.25 V/200 mA filament

1BC2A, 1BC2B – 1BC2 with internal X-radiation shielding

1BG2/DY51 – Subminiature half-indirectly-heated 15 kV portable-TV CRT EHT rectifier, 1.4 V/575 mA filament internally connected to cathode, all-glass, filament pigtails on one end, anode pigtail on the other
1BQ2/DY802 – Half-indirectly-heated 23 kV CRT EHT rectifier, noval base, 1.4 V/600 mA filament internally connected to cathode
1BY2 – Compactron CRT EHT rectifier with 1.25 V/200 mA filament

1BY2A – 1BY2 with internal X-radiation shielding

1H2 – 9-pin Miniature CRT EHT rectifier with 1.4 V/550 mA filament
1J3GT/1K3GT – Octal CRT EHT rectifier. Same characteristics as 1B3GT. Has filament-plate shorting protection
1S2/DY86 – Half-indirectly-heated 18 kV CRT EHT rectifier, noval base, 1.4 V/550 mA filament internally connected to cathode

1S2A/DY87 – 1S2/DY86 with chemically treated envelope to avoid flush-over in high-humidity and low atmospheric-pressure conditions

1T2 = R16 (Brimar) – Subminiature, directly heated CRT EHT rectifier with 1.4 V/140 mA filament; filament pigtails on one end, anode pigtail on the other
1V2 – CRT EHT rectifier with 0.625 V/300 mA filament (B7G base)
1X2 – 9-pin miniature CRT EHT rectifier with 1.25 V/200 mA filament

1X2A, 1X2B. 1X2C – 1X2 with internal X-radiation shielding

1Y2 – 4-pin CRT EHT rectifier with 1.5 V/290 mA filament. 50 kV max PIV, 10 mA peak, 2 mA average. Usable up to 1 MHz
1Z1 – Octal CRT EHT rectifier with 0.7 V/180 mA filament
1Z2 – 9-pin Miniature CRT EHT rectifier with 1.25 V/265 mA filament

2 volt heater/filament tubes

Some 6-prefix tubes were also available as 2-prefix, for television receivers with series heater strings (see below)

2.5 volt AC heater tubes

Tubes used in AC-powered radio receivers of the early 1930s

2A3 – Directly heated power triode, used for AF output stages in 1930s–1940s audio amplifiers and radios.
2A5 – Power Pentode (Except for heater, electronically identical to types 42 and 6F6)
2A6 – Dual diode, high-mu triode (Except for heater, electronically identical to type 75)
2A7 – Heptode pentagrid converter (Except for heater, electronically identical to types 6A7, 6A8 and 12A8)
2B7 – Dual diode and remote-cutoff pentode (Except for heater, electronically identical to type 6B7)
2E5 and 2G5 – Electron-ray indicators ("Eye tube") with integrated control triode. (Except for heater, electronically identical to types 6E5 and 6G5)

CRT anode rectifiers

2X2 (879) – CRT EHT rectifier, similar to 1B3 and 1S2 except for heater ratings

2X2A – 2X2, shock resistant up to 250 g

More of these tubes are listed as equivalents under M-P K - 2.0 V heater

3 volt heater/filament tubes

Many 6-prefix tubes were also available as 3-prefix with a 3.15 V heater with twice the heater current, for television receivers with series heater strings

2.8 volt DC filament tubes

These tubes are directly heated with a center-tapped filament, so they can also be wired for 1.4 V

3A4/DL93 – 1.2 W RF/AF Power pentode, miniature 7-pin base
3A5 – Dual triode, miniature 7-pin base
3A8GT – Diode, triode and pentode with internal shield connected to filament center-tap, octal base
3B4/DL98 – 1.25 W RF power pentode up to 100 MHz, miniature 7-pin base
3C4/DL96 – 440 mW AF Power pentode, miniature 7-pin base
3E6 – Pentode with internal shield
3Q4/DL95 – 270 mW AF Power pentode, miniature 7-pin base
3S4/DL92 – 270 mW AF Power pentode, miniature 7-pin base
3V4/DL94 – 1.3 W AF Power pentode, miniature 7-pin base

More of these tubes are listed as equivalents under M-P D - 1.4 V filament/heater

CRT anode rectifiers

3A3/3B2/3AW3 – CRT EHT rectifier for color TV, octal base, 3.15 V/220 mA heater

3A3A – 3A3 with increased anode current capability
3A3C – 3A3A retrofitted with an internal X-radiation shielding, introduced after the 1967 General Electric X-radiation scandal^[48]

3AT2 – CRT EHT rectifier for color TV, compactron base, 3.15 V/220 mA heater

3AT2B – 3AT2 with internal X-radiation shielding

3AW2 – CRT EHT rectifier for color TV, compactron base, 3.15 V/220 mA heater

3AW2A – 3AW2 with internal X-radiation shielding

3BL2 – CRT EHT rectifier for color TV, compactron base, 3.3 V/285 mA heater

3BL2A – 3BL2 with internal X-radiation shielding

3BM2 – CRT EHT rectifier for color TV, compactron base, 3 V/300 mA heater

3BM2A – 3BM2 with internal X-radiation shielding

3BN2 – CRT EHT rectifier for color TV, compactron base, 3.15 V/300 mA heater

3BN2A – 3BN2 with internal X-radiation shielding

3BS2 – CRT EHT rectifier for color TV, compactron base, 3.15 V/480 mA quickstart heater

3BS2A, 3BS2B – 3BS2 with internal X-radiation shielding

3BT2 – CRT EHT rectifier for color TV, compactron base, 3.15 V/480 mA quickstart heater

3BT2A – 3BT2 with internal X-radiation shielding

Note: All subsequent CRT EHT rectifiers were designed after the 1967 GE scandal and had internal X-radiation shielding right from the start

3BW2 – CRT EHT rectifier for color TV, compactron base, 3.15 V/220 mA heater; has a diffusion-bonded cathode, which prevents anode-to-cathode arcing caused by emissive particles being pulled from the cathode coating by the high electrostatic field
3CA3 – CRT EHT rectifier for color TV, octal base; 3.6 V/225 mA heater
3CN3 – CRT EHT rectifier for color TV, octal base; 3.15 V/480 mA quickstart heater
3CU3 – CRT EHT rectifier for color TV, octal base; 3.15 V/280 mA heater
3CZ3 – CRT EHT rectifier for color TV, octal base; 3.15 V/480 mA quickstart heater

More of these tubes are listed as equivalents under M-P G - Miscellaneous

4 volt heater/filament tubes

Some 6-prefix tubes were also available as 4-prefix with a 4.2 V heater with 1.5 times the heater current, for television receivers with series heater strings (see below)

4 volt DC filament tubes

4A6G – Dual power triode, octal base, directly heated with a center-tapped 4.0 V filament, so it can also be wired for 2 V

5 volt heater/filament tubes

Some 6-prefix tubes were also available as 5-prefix, for television receivers with series heater strings (see below)

Rectifiers

5AR4/GZ34 – Full-wave rectifier
5AS4 – Full-wave rectifier
5R4 – Full-wave rectifier
5U4 – Full-wave rectifier
5V4/GZ32 – Full-wave rectifier
5Y3 – Full-wave rectifier, octal base version of type 80

More of these tubes are listed as equivalents under M-P G - 5.0 V heater

6 volt heater/filament tubes

6A6 – Dual Power Triode, used as a Class-A audio driver or a Class-B audio output. UX6 base. 6.3 volt heater version of type 53 which had a 2.5 volt heater. Octal version – 6N7
6A7 and 6A8 (PH4, X63) – Heptode pentagrid converter, based on type 2A7, which had a 2.5 volt heater. 6A7 has a UX7 base with top cap connection for control grid (grid 4). 6A8 is octal version with top cap connection for control grid. Loctal version: type 7B8
6AB4/EC92 – High-mu triode (Pinout same as 6C4 except for pin 5 not having a connection)
6AB5/6N5 – "Magic Eye" cathode ray tuning indicator
6AC5-G – High-mu Power Triode
6AC7, 1852 – TV sharp-cutoff R.F. Pentode. (Often encountered in a black metal envelope, not to be confused with the 6CA7)
6AC10 – Compactron High-mu triple triode for use as NTSC chroma signal demodulator matrix in analog color TV receivers, 12-pin base
6AD6-G and 6AF6-G – "Magic Eye" tuning indicators. Both have two "pie wedge" shadow indicators, one each on opposite sides of a single circular indicator target. Both shadows may be used in tandem or may be driven by two different signal sources. Type 6AE6-G is specifically made to drive each indicator with different signals. May also be driven by separate pentodes with different characteristics. E.g., a sharp-cutoff pentode like a 6J7 – which would be hyper-sensitive to any signal change – would drive one shadow, while a remote-cutoff pentode like a 6K7 – which would only react to stronger signals – would drive the other shadow. Both tubes have octal bases. Type 6AD6-G, with a target voltage rated from 100 to 150 volt, is designed for AC/DC radios. Type 6AF6-G, with a target voltage rated at 250 volt, is designed for larger AC radios
6AE6-G – A driver triode specially designed for "Magic Eye" tuning indicator types 6AD6-G and 6AF6-G. Has a common heater and indirectly heated cathode, two internally connected triode grids – one with sharp-cutoff characteristics, one with remote-cutoff characteristics – and two anodes, one for each grid. The sharp-cutoff grid reacts to any signal change, while the remote-cutoff grid reacts only to stronger signal changes
6AE7-GT – Dual triode with a common, single anode, for use as a power triode driver
6AF4/EC94 – UHF Medium-mu oscillator triode, commonly found in TV tuners and converters
6AF11 – Compactron High-mu dual triode and sharp-cutoff pentode
6AG11 – Compactron High-mu dual triode and dual diode
6AH5-G – Beam power tube for early TV use. Same as type 6L6-G, but with scrambled pinout. Used in some Philco receivers
6AJ5 – Low (6.3-80 V) anode voltage, sharp-cutoff pentode
6AK5/EF95, 5654, CV4010, 6Ж1П – Miniature V.H.F. Sharp-cutoff pentode (Used in old Radiosonde weather balloon transmitters, receiver front ends and contemporary audio equipment) B7G, (Miniature 7-pin) base
6AK6 – Power pentode. 7-pin miniature version of type 6G6-G. Unusual low-power consumption output tube with 150 mA heater
6AK8/EABC80 – Triple Diode, High-mu Triode. Diodes have identical characteristics – two have cathodes connected to the triode's cathode, one has a separate cathode. Used as a combination AM detector/AVC rectifier/FM ratio detector/A.F. amplifier in AM/FM radios manufactured outside of North America. Triode amplification factor: 70. North American type 6T8 is identical (but for a shorter glass envelope) and may be used as a substitute
6AK9 – Compactron 1x high-mu + 1x medium-mu dual triode and beam power pentode, 12-pin base
6AK10 – Compactron High-mu triple triode for use as NTSC chroma signal demodulator matrix in analog color TV receivers, 12-pin base
6AL3/EY88 – TV "Damper/Efficiency" Diode
6AL5/EAA91, D77 – Dual diode with separate cathodes, miniature 7-pin base, Detector. Often used in vacuum tube volt meters (VTVMs). Miniature version of type 6H6, identical to 12AL5/HAA91, UAA91 and 3AL5/XAA91 except for heater ratings
6AL6-G – Beam power tube for early TV use. Same as type 6L6-G, but with scrambled pinout and anode connected to top cap
6AL7-GT – Tuning indicator used in many early AM/FM Hi-Fi radios. Similar in function to "Magic Eye" tubes. Has two bar-shaped shadows; one grows to indicate signal strength, the other moves to indicate center tuning on FM
6AM6/EF91, Z77, (M8083) – Sharp-cutoff R.F. pentode used in receiver front ends and test gear such as VTVMs and TV broadcast modulation monitors
6AN7/ECH80 – Triode/hexode mixer
6AN8 – Triode-Pentode used in frame timebase circuits for television. Electrically fairly similar to ECL80 but with a different pinout
6AQ5/EL90 – Beam power pentode, 7-pin miniature similar of type 6V6
6AQ8/ECC85 – Dual RF/VHF triode with separate cathodes and an internal shield between the two sections, designed for use as oscillator and mixer in FM receivers. The heater to cathode insulation is inadequate for use in cascode operation; similar to 6BK7, 6BQ7, 6BZ7
6AR8, 6JH8, 6ME8 – Beam deflection tubes for use as NTSC chroma signal demodulators in analog color TV receivers
6AS6 – Pentode with a fine-pitched suppressor grid which could serve as a second control grid. Used in radar phantastron circuits
6AS7, ECC230, 6080 – Dual low-mu triode, low impedance, mostly used for voltage regulation circuits
6AS11 – Compactron 1x high-mu + 1x medium-mu dual triode and sharp-cutoff pentode, 12-pin base
6AT6 – Dual Diode, High-mu Triode, miniature version of type 6Q7. Triode amplification factor: 70
6AU4 – TV "Damper/Efficiency" Diode
6AU6/EF94, 6AU6A – Sharp-cutoff pentode
6AV6/EBC91 – Dual Diode, High-mu Triode, miniature version of type 75. Triode amplification factor: 100. (Triode section similar in characteristics to one half of a 12AX7)
6AV11 – Compactron Medium-mu triple triode, 12-pin base
6AX4 – TV "Damper/Efficiency" Diode
6AX5 – Full-wave rectifier. Octal base. Similar in structure to type 6X5, but with higher voltage and current ratings which are comparable to those of types 5Y3 and 80
6B6-G – Dual diode and high-mu triode. Octal version of type 75. Has top-cap connection for triode grid. Later octal version, type 6SQ7, has under-chassis connection for triode grid. Miniature version: 6AV6/EBC91
6B7 and 6B8 (EBF32) – Dual diode and semiremote-cutoff pentode. Based on type 2B7 which had a 2.5 volt heater. Type 6B7 has a UX7 base with a top-cap connection for the control grid (grid 1). Type 6B8 has an octal base with a top cap. The diode anodes are most commonly used as (second) detectors and AVC rectification in superheterodyne receivers. Because their control grids have both sharp-cutoff and remote-cutoff characteristics, these types were used as I.F. amplifiers with AVC bias to the control grid, and as A.F. amplifiers. These types were also used in reflex receivers. In a typical 2B7/6B7/6B8 reflex circuit, the I.F. signal from the converter is injected into the pentode and is amplified. The diodes then act as detectors, separating the A.F. signal from the R.F. signal. The A.F. signal is then re-injected into the pentode, amplified, and sent to the audio output tube.^[49]
6BA6/EF93, W727, 5790 – Semiremote-cutoff R.F. pentode (Often encountered in car radios)
6BD11 – Compactron 1x high-mu + 1x medium-mu dual triode and sharp-cutoff pentode, 12-pin base
6BE6/EK90, 5750, X727 – Heptode pentagrid converter (Often encountered in car radios)
6BF6 – Dual Diode, Medium-mu triode. Miniature version of octal type 6R7
6BF8 – Sextuple diode with a common cathode
6BG6 – Beam tetrode, anode cap. Used in early TV magnetic-deflection horizontal-output stage
6BH11 – Compactron Medium-mu dual triode and sharp-cutoff pentode
6BK4 – High voltage beam triode, U_a=27 kV, I_a=1.5 mA, P_a=25 W, U_h-c=-200 V; used as shunt regulator in color TV receivers and in measurement equipment such as high voltage meters

6BK4A – 6BK4 with P_a=30 W
6BK4B – 6BK4A with P_a=40 W, U_h-c=-450 V
6BK4C/6EL4A – 6BK4B retrofitted with an internal X-radiation shielding, introduced after the 1967 General Electric X-radiation scandal^[48]

6BK7 – Dual RF/VHF triode with separate cathodes and an internal shield between the two sections, similar to 6BQ7, 6BZ7, 6AQ8/ECC85
6BK8/6CF8/EF86, Z729 – Audio Pentode used in microphone preamplifiers and audiophile equipment
6BK11 – Compactron 2x High-mu + 1x medium-mu triple triode preamplifier, 12-pin base; used in some guitar amps made by Ampeg
6BL6 (5836) – Sutton tube, a reflex klystron used as a 250 mW CW microwave source, 1.6 to 6.5 GHz depending upon an external cavity. 4-pin peewee base with cavity contact rings and top cap
6BL8/ECF80 – General-purpose Triode pentode used in TV, audio and test gear
6BM6 (5837) – Sutton tube used as a 150 mW CW microwave source, 550 MHz to 3.8 GHz depending upon an external cavity. 4-pin peewee base with cavity contact rings and top cap
6BM8/ECL82 – Triode pentode used as the driver and output stages in audio amplifiers, audio output and vertical output stages in TV receivers and has even been seen in an electronic nerve stimulator.
6BN6 – Gated-beam discriminator pentode, used in radar, dual channel oscilloscopes and F.M. quadrature detectors (cf. 6DT6, Nonode)
6BQ5/EL84, (N709) – 5.7 Watts AF Power pentode, noval base
6BQ6-GT – Beam Power Pentode, used as a Horizontal Deflection Output tube in monochrome TV receivers of the 1950s. Most commonly used in receivers with diagonal screen sizes less than 19 inches (48 cm). (However, may be found in some larger models) Larger receivers often used similar type 6DQ6. Later versions of this tube branded as 6BQ6-GTB/6CU6
6BQ7 – Dual RF/VHF triode with separate cathodes and an internal shield between the two sections, which can be used independently or in a cascode stage; similar to 6BK7, 6BZ7, 6AQ8/ECC85

6BQ7A/ECC180 – Improved 6BQ7 capable of operation at UHF frequencies

6BU8 – Split Anode TV Sync Separator
6BX6/EF80 – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF/Video pentode, noval base
6BY6 – Similar to type 6CS6, but with higher transconductance. 3BY6 with a different heater
6BY7/EF85, W719 – Remote-cutoff R.F. Pentode (TV IF)
6BZ6 – Sharp-cutoff R.F. pentode used in video I.F. circuits of the 1960s
6BZ7 – Dual RF/VHF triode with separate cathodes and an internal shield between the two sections, similar to 6BK7, 6BQ7, 6AQ8/ECC85
6C4/EC90 – 3.6 W small-power V.H.F. triode up to 150 MHz; single 12AU7/ECC82 system
6C6 – Sharp-cutoff R.F. Pentode. Most common commercial uses were as a tuned R.F. amplifier, a detector, and an A.F. amplifier. Also used in test equipment. Has UX6 base with top cap. Based on type 57, which had a 2.5 volt heater. Similar to types 1603, 77 and octal types 6J7 and 6SJ7
6C10 – Compactron High-mu triple triode, 12-pin base – not related to the Mazda/EdiSwan 6C10 triode-hexode
6CA4/EZ81 – Full-wave rectifier
6CA7/EL34 – Audio power output pentode
6CA11 – Compactron High-mu dual triode and sharp-cutoff pentode
6CB6 – Remote-cutoff R.F. Pentode used in video I.F. circuits of the 1950s and early 1960s
6CG7 – Dual triode (used in TV and some audio amplifiers including modern solid-state designs often as a cathode follower, similar to 6SN7)
6CJ6/EL81 – Line Output Pentode
6CL6 – Power pentode
6CM5/EL36, EL360 – Audio and TV line output beam power tetrode
6CW4 – Nuvistor High-mu VHF triode, 6.3 V/135 mA heater, most common one in consumer electronics
6CZ5 (6973) – Beam pentode for use as vertical deflection or audio amplifier
6D4 – 25 mA_avg, 100 mA_peak Indirectly heated, argon triode thyratron, negative starter voltage, miniature 7-pin base; found an additional use as a 0 to 10 MHz noise source, when operated as a diode (starter tied to cathode) in a transverse 375 G magnetic field. Sufficiently filtered for "flatness" ("white noise") in a band of interest, such noise was used for testing radio receivers, servo systems and occasionally in analog computing as a random value source
6D6 – Remote-Cutoff R.F. Pentode. Most common commercial uses were as an I.F. amplifier or as a superheterodyne mixer, aka 1st detector. Also used in test equipment. Has UX6 base with top cap. Based on type 58, which had a 2.5 volt heater. Similar to type 78. Octal version: 6U7-G
6D8-G – Heptode pentagrid converter, similar to type 6A8. Octal base with top cap. Has 150 mA heater. Used in pre-war 6-volt farm radios
6D10 – High-mu triple triode for use as oscillator, mixer, amplifier or AGC tube, 12-pin base
6DA6/EF89 – R.F. Pentode used in AM/FM radios manufactured outside North America
6DJ8/ECC88, E88CC, 6922, 6N23P, 6N11 – Dual Audio and R.F. Triode (often used in TV broadcast equipment, test gear, oscilloscopes and audiophile gear) similar to 6ES8
6DQ6 – Beam Power Pentode, used as a Horizontal Deflection Output tube in monochrome TV receivers of the 1950s. Most often found in receivers with diagonal screen measurements larger than 17 inches (43 cm). Smaller receivers often used similar type 6BQ6-GT. Also used as Audio Output tubes in Standel guitar amplifiers. Later versions branded as 6DQ6-B/6GW6
6DR8/EBF83 – Common cathode dual diode and low (6.3-50 V) anode voltage pentode for use as IF amplifier, detector and AGC diode in vehicle equipment, noval base
6DS4 – Nuvistor High-mu VHF triode used in TV tuners immediately prior to the introduction of solid state tuning circuits. (RCA TVs equipped with a 6DS4 tuner bore the trademark "Nu-Vista Vision"); successor of the 6CW4
6DS8/ECH83 – Low (6.3-25 V) anode voltage, triode/heptode mixer, for use in vehicle equipment
6DT6 – Quadrature detector pentode used in TV audio circuits of the 1950s and early 1960s; cf. 6BN6, nonode
6DV4 – Medium-mu Nuvistor triode for UHF oscillators; some versions had a gold-plated envelope
6DX8/ECL84 – Triode pentode
6E5 – "Magic Eye" Tuning indicator. Has incorporated driver triode with sharp-cutoff grid which makes it extremely sensitive to any changes in signal strength. Has UX6 base. Based on type 2E5, which had a 2.5 volt heater
6EM5 – TV Vertical Output Pentode
6ES6/EF97 (remote-cutoff), 6ET6/EF98 (sharp-cutoff) – Low (6.3-50 V) anode voltage R.F. pentodes, used in car radios
6ES8/ECC189 – Dual triode used as cascode R.F. amplifier in TV tuners and V.H.F. receiver front ends, also used as general-purpose dual triode in test gear, similar to 6DJ8
6EZ8 – High-mu triple triode, 9-pin base
6F4 – Acorn UHF triode up to 1.2 GHz, for use as an oscillator
6F5 – High-mu triode, equal to triode section of type 6Q7
6F6, KT63 – Power Pentode. Octal base version of type 42. Moderate power output rating – 9 watts max. (Single-ended Class-A circuit); 11 watts max. (Push-pull Class-A circuit); 19 watts max. (push-pull Class-AB₂ circuit). Available in metal (numbered "6F6"), shouldered glass ("6F6-G"), and cylindrical glass ("6F6-GT"). Sometimes used as a transformer-coupled audio driver for types 6L6-GC and 807 when those tubes were used in Class-AB₂ or Class-B amplifiers. Also used as a Class-C oscillator/amplifier in transmitters
6F7 – Remote-cutoff Pentode, Medium-mu Triode. Has UX7 base with top-cap connection for the pentode's control grid (grid 1). Most common uses were as superheterodyne mixer ("first detector") and local oscillator, or as a combination I.F. amplifier (pentode) and (second) detector or A.F. amplifier (triode). Octal version: 6P7-G
6FH8 – Medium-mu triode and three-anode sharp-cutoff tetrode for use in TV receivers and complex wave generators
6G5 – "Magic Eye" Tuning indicator. Has incorporated triode with remote-cutoff grid, which makes it less reactive to low-level changes in signal strength. Has UX6 base. Electronically identical to type 6U5 except for indicator. Both types had "pie wedge" shadow indicators. At first, the shadow indicator for type 6G5 was fully closed at zero signal and opened as signal strength increased. For type 6U5, the shadow indicator was fully open at zero signal and closed as signal strength increased. After World War II, type 6G5 was discontinued as a unique tube and all 6U5s were double-branded either as 6G5/6U5 or 6U5/6G5
6G6-G – Power pentode. Octal base. Low power output – 1.1 watt max. output. Has 150 mA heater. Used in pre-war 6-volt farm radios. Miniature version – 6AK6
6G8-G – Dual diode and sharp-cutoff pentode (Used as Detector and first A.F. stage in Australian 1940s radios)
6GK5 – Miniature V.H.F. triode (Used as V.H.F. local oscillator in some T.V. Turret Tuners)
6GM5 – Beam power pentode, identical to 7591 and 7868 with a mini-noval pin base
6GS8 – Dual-anode pentode for TV receiver sync separation or AGC service
6GV8/ECL85 – Triode Pentode (TV vertical output)
6GW8/ECL86 – Audio Triode Pentode (audio, TV vertical output)
6GY8 – High-mu triple triode for use as oscillator, mixer, RF amplifier or AGC tube, 9-pin base
6H6, EB34, D63, OSW3109 – Dual diode, octal base. Most commonly found as a "stubby" metal envelope tube. Glass versions 6H6-G and 6H6-GT are also found
6HS8 – Dual-anode pentode for TV receiver sync separation service or as a two-channel VCA
6J5, L63 – Medium-mu triode
6J5WGT – Heater cathode type, medium-mu triode, identical to 12J5WGT except heater characteristics
6J6/ECC91 – Dual general purpose RF triode with common cathodes, operates over much of the UHF band (up to 600 MHz), equivalent to ECC91
6J7/EF37 – Sharp-cutoff pentode. Most common commercial uses were as a tuned R.F. amplifier, a (second) detector, or an A.F. amplifier. Octal version of type 77. This type included a top-cap connection for the control grid. Later version, type 6SJ7, had its control grid connection on pin 4
6J8-G – Triode/heptode mixer
6JU8A – 9 mA, Four-diode bridge rectifier
6K6-G – Power Pentode, octal version of type 41. Low-to-moderate power output rating – 0.35 to 4.5 watts (single-ended Class-A circuit); 10.5 watts max. (push-pull Class-A circuit)
6K7/EF39 – Remote-cutoff R.F. pentode. Most common commercial uses were as an I.F. amplifier or as a superheterodyne mixer, aka 1st detector. Also used in test equipment. Octal version of type 78. This type included a top-cap connection for the control grid. Later version, type 6SK7, had its control grid connection on pin 4
6K8 and 12K8 – American triode/hexode mixer, 1938
6K11 – Compactron 2x High-mu + 1x medium-mu triple triode, 12-pin base
6KM8 – Diode and three-anode sharp-cutoff tetrode for use in musical instruments, frequency dividers and complex wave generators
6L4 – Acorn UHF triode for use as an oscillator
6L5-G – Medium-mu triode (Similar to type 6J5-G, available only in ST shape)
6L6/EL37 – High-powered beam tetrode.

There are several variations. Except for types 6L6-GC and 6L6-GX, all have the same maximum output ratings:

11.5 watts (single-ended Class-A circuit)
14.5 watts (push-pull Class-A circuit)
34 watts (push-pull Class-AB₁ circuit)
60 watts (push-pull Class-AB₂ circuit)

6L6 (metal envelope) and 6L6-G (shouldered glass envelope) were used in pre-World War II radios and Public Address amplifiers

6L6 and 25L6 were introduced in 1935 as the first beam tetrodes. Both types were branded with the L6 ending to signify their (then) uniqueness among audio output tubes. However, this is the only similarity between the two tubes. (Type 6W6-GT is the 6.3 volt heater version of types 12L6-GT, 25L6-GT and 50L6-GT)

6L6GA – Post-war version of type 6L6-G, in smaller ST-14 shape with Shouldered Tubular (ST) shaped bulb, revision A
6L6GB – Post-war improved version in a cylindrical glass envelope. Similar to type 5881

6L6GTB – 6L6 with Tubular, (T), shaped bulb, revision B, (higher power rating, as it happens. The 6L6GTB can always replace the 6L6, 6L6G, and 6L6GT, but a 6L6GTB running at maximum rating should not be replaced with another subtype)
6L6-WGB – "Industrial" version of type 6L6GB

6L6GC – Final and highest-powered audio version of the tube. Max. outputs:

17.5 watts (single-ended Class-A circuit)
32 watts (push-pull Class-A circuit)
55 watts (push-pull Class-AB₁ circuit)
60 watts (push-pull Class-AB₂ circuit)

6L6-GX – Class-C oscillator/amplifier used in transmitters. Max. output 30 watts. (All versions may be used as a Class-C oscillator/amplifier, but this version is specifically designed for this purpose, has a special ceramic base)

6L7 – Heptode pentagrid converter often used in console radios of the late 1930s. Similar in structure to pentode-triode pentagrid converters 6SA7 and 6BE6, except that a separate oscillator – usually type 6C5 – is required. Also, grid 1 is remote-cutoff control grid, grid 3 is oscillator input grid. (In types 6SA7 and 6BE6, grid 1 is the internal oscillator grid, grid 3 is the control grid) Because of low conversion transconductance, radios using type 6L7 typically have either a tuned RF pre-amplifier stage, or at least two stages of I.F. amplification. (A few models have both)
6LF6 – Beam power tetrode with a duodecar Compactron base and anode cap, for CRT horizontal-deflection amplifiers
6M5/EL80 – Audio Output Pentode (Used as Class-A or C output stages of 1950s Australian radiograms) similar to 6BQ5
6M11 – Compactron Dual triode and pentode
6MD8 – Medium-mu triple triode for use as NTSC chroma signal demodulator matrix in analog color TV receivers, 9-pin base
6ME5 – "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, miniature 7-pin base B7G
6MK8 – Dual-anode pentode for TV receiver sync separation service or as a two-channel VCA
6MJ8 – Medium-mu triple triode for use as NTSC chroma signal demodulator matrix in analog color TV receivers, 12-pin base
6MN8 – High-mu triple triode for use as NTSC chroma signal demodulator matrix in analog color TV receivers, 12-pin base
6N3/EY82 – Half-wave rectifier
6N5 – Tuning indicator
6N6 – Triple-Twin 4-Watts AF signal and power triode, internally connected as a cathode follower like today's Darlington transistors
6N7 – Dual power triode, used as Class-A audio driver or as Class-B power output (also 6N7-G and 6N7-GT). Max. output (Class-B) – 10 watts. Octal version of type 6A6
6N8/EBF80 – Remote-cutoff pentode, dual diode. (detector plus RF or AF amplifier in radios)
6P5-G/GT – Medium-mu triode, Octal version of type 76, often used as driver for type 6AC5-G
6P7-G – Rarely seen octal version of type 6F7
6Q5-G – Triode gas thyratron used in DuMont oscilloscopes as a sweep generator. Identical to type 884
6Q11 – Medium-mu triple triode, 12-pin base, for use as a sync clipper and gated AGC amplifier in TV receivers
6R3/EY81 – TV "Damper/Efficiency" Diode
6R7 – Dual Diode, Medium-mu Triode (also 6R7-G and 6R7-GT). Octal base with top cap. Miniature version – 6BF6. Amplification factor: 16
6S7-G – Remote-cutoff RF Pentode, similar to type 6K7. Octal base with top cap. Has 150 mA heater. Used in pre-war 6-volt farm radios
6S8-GT – Triple Diode, High-mu Triode. Octal tube with top-cap connection to triode grid. Has three identical diodes – two diodes share a cathode with the triode, one has a separate cathode. Used as a combined AM detector/AVC rectifier/FM ratio detector/A.F. amplifier in AM/FM radios. Typically, all sections of this tube are arranged around a single heater
6SA7 – First heptode pentagrid converter. Octal type. Miniature version: 6BE6
6SB7Y (octal), 6BA7 and 12BA7 (9-pin miniatures) – VHF heptode pentagrids, 1946
6SC7 – High-mu dual triode (Both sections share a single cathode)
6SK7 – Remote-cutoff pentode (Used in I.F. stages of North American radios) Miniature version: 6BD6
6SL7/ECC35 – Dual triode (Used in TV and general electronics)
6SN7/ECC32, B65, 13D2, CV1986, 6042? – Medium-mu dual triode (Used in Audio Amplifiers, Hammond Organs and Television; extensive use in World War II radar) Each section is equivalent to a 6J5. Miniature version: 12AU7
6SS7 – Remote-cutoff pentode (150 mA filament version of the 6SK7, found in some AA6 radios as both the RF amplifier and first IF). This is the only tube to have two of the same letters in its type
6T5 – "Magic Eye" Tuning indicator. Has incorporated driver triode with remote-cutoff grid. Has UX6 base. Shadow indicator is fully closed at zero signal. As signal increases, shadow grows outward from the center, covering the entire circumference of the indicator. Electronically identical to types 6G5 and 6U5, which may be used as substitutes
6T7-G – Dual diode, high-mu triode, similar to type 6Q7. Octal base with top cap. Has 150 mA heater. Used in pre-war farm radios
6T8 – Triple Diode, High-mu Triode. Has three identical diodes – two have cathodes connected to the triode's cathode, one has a separate cathode. Triode amplification factor: 70. Used as an AM detector/AVC rectifier/FM ratio detector/A.F. amplifier in North American AM/FM radios. Identical to type 6AK8/EABC80, but with a shorter glass envelope
6U5 – "Magic Eye" Tuning indicator. Has incorporated driver triode with remote-cutoff grid. Has UX6 base. Has "pie wedge" shadow indicator that is open at zero signal and closes as signal increases. Electronically identical to types 6G5 and 6T5 and may be used as a substitute for those types. After World War II, most new 6U5s were double-branded as either 6G5/6U5 or 6U5/6G5
6U5G – "Magic Eye" Tuning indicator with triode, International Octal, (IO), base
6U7-G – Remote-cutoff R.F. Pentode. Most common commercial uses were as an I.F. amplifier or as a superheterodyne mixer, aka 1st detector. Also used in test equipment. Octal version of type 6D6. Most direct substitute: 6K7. Similar to types 58, 78 and 6SK7
6U8/ECF82 – Split triode-pentode, mini-noval pinbase. Audio preamplifier
6U10 – 1x High-mu + 2x medium-mu triple triode, 12-pin base
6V4/EZ80 – 90 mA Full-wave rectifier, indirectly heated, noval base
6V6 – Beam power tetrode, used in single-ended Class-A audio output stages of radios and sometimes seen in Class-B audio amplifiers (see also: 5V6 and 12V6). Electrically similar to 6AQ5/EL90.

6V6G – 6V6 with Shouldered Tubular (ST) shaped bulb
6V6GT – 6V6 with Tubular, (T), shaped bulb

6V7-G – Dual diode, Medium-mu Triode. Octal version of type 85. Amplification factor: 8.3. Similar to type 6R7
6W6-GT – Beam power pentode, used most often as a Vertical Deflection Output tube in monochrome TV receivers of the 1950s. Can also used as an Audio Output tube. This is the 6.3 volt heater version of types 12L6-GT, 25L6-GT and 50L6-GT
6X4/EZ90 (7-pin miniature base) and 6X5/EZ35 (octal base) – Full-wave rectifiers with indirectly heated common cathode, based on type 84/6Z4
6Z10 – Compactron quadrature detector pentode and power pentode, used in TV audio circuits of the 1950s and early 1960s; cf. 6BN6, 6DT6, nonode

More of these tubes are listed as equivalents under M-P E - 6.3 V heater

7 prefix - Loctal tubes

These tubes all have 6.3 V heaters despite the 7-prefix, intended to indicate a Loctal base

7A4 – Medium-mu triode, Loctal version of type 6J5, often numbered 7A4/XXL
7A5 – Beam power pentode, Loctal version of type 6U6GT
7A6 – Dual detector diode, similar to type 6H6
7A7 – Remote-cutoff pentode, Loctal version of type 6SK7
7A8 – The only octode pentagrid converter produced in America by Sylvania, 1939. Used mostly in Philco radios
7AB7 – Sharp-cutoff pentode
7AD7 – Power pentode
7AF7 – Dual medium-mu triode
7AG7 – Sharp-cutoff pentode
7AH7 – Remote-cutoff pentode
7AJ7 – Sharp-cutoff pentode
7AK7 – Sharp-cutoff, dual control pentode for computer service. Perhaps the first active device specifically designed for computer use.
7B4 – High-mu triode, Loctal version of types 6F5 and 6SF5
7B5 – Power pentode, Loctal version of types 6K6 and 41
7B6 – High-mu triode, dual detector diodes, Loctal version of type 75, similar to types 6AV6/EBC91 and 6SQ7
7B7 – Remote-cutoff pentode
7B8 – Heptode pentagrid converter, Loctal version of types 6A7 and 6A8
7C4 – High frequency diode
7C5 – Beam power pentode, Loctal version of type 6V6
7C6 – High-mu triode, dual detector diode
7C7 – Sharp-cutoff pentode
7E5 – Medium-mu high-frequency triode
7E6 – Medium-mu triode, dual detector diode, Loctal version of types 6R7 and 6SR7, electronically identical to miniature type 6BF6
7E7 – Semiremote-cutoff pentode, dual detector diode, similar to types 6B7 and 6B8
7F7 – High-mu dual triode, Loctal version of type 6SL7-GT
7F8 – Medium-mu high-frequency triode, used as FM RF amplifier and converter
7G7 – Sharp-cutoff pentode
7G8 – Sharp-cutoff dual tetrode
7H7 – Semiremote-cutoff pentode
7J7 – Triode/heptode mixer, similar to type 6J8-G
7K7 – High-mu triode, dual detector diode, similar to types 6AT6 and 6Q7
7L7 – Sharp-cutoff pentode
7N7 – Dual medium-mu triode, Loctal version of type 6SN7-GT
7Q7 – Heptode pentagrid converter, similar to type 6SA7
7R7 – Remote-cutoff pentode, dual detector diode
7S7 – Triode/heptode mixer
7T7 – Sharp-cutoff pentode
7V7 – Sharp-cutoff pentode
7W7 – Sharp-cutoff pentode

Note: Types 7V7 and 7W7 are electronically identical except for base connections of pins 4, 5 and 7. On type 7V7, the suppressor grid (grid 3) is connected to pin 4, an internal shield is connected to pin 5, and the cathode is connected to pin 7. On type 7W7, the suppressor grid and internal shield are connected to pin 5, and the cathode is connected to pins 4 and 7. All other pin connections are the same. If interchanging these tube types is necessary, confirm that pins 4 and 7 are connected at the socket. (Pin 5 is usually connected to the chassis)

7X6 – Separate cathode dual rectifier for use as a voltage doubler
7X7 – High-mu triode, dual detector diodes on separate cathodes, used as FM discriminator and AF amplifier, often numbered 7X7/XXFM
7Y4 – Full-wave rectifier
7Z4 – Full-wave rectifier

12 volt heater/filament tubes

Many of these tubes have a 150 mA heater and so were popular in AA5 radio receivers

12A5 – Power pentode, UX7 base, center-tapped heater that can be wired for 12.6 V/300 mA or 6.3 V/600 mA. Mostly used in pre-war car radios
12A7 – Power pentode, rectifier diode. Pentode section is similar to type 38. Diode has a low power rating – 120 volt, 30 mA – that limits the number of tubes that can be tied to its B+ circuit. Used in one-tube portable phonographs and a few two- and three-tube radios. Forerunner of such types as 32L7-GT, 70L7-GT and 117L7-GT. UX7 base with top cap. Not related to types 2A7 and 6A7
12AB5 – Beam Power Tube^[50]
12AC10 – Compactron High-mu triple triode for use as NTSC chroma signal demodulator matrix in analog color TV receivers, 12-pin base
12AE10 – Compactron Beam power tube and sharp-cutoff pentode^[50]
12AL5/HAA91 – Dual diode with separate cathodes, miniature 7-pin base, identical to 6AL5/EAA91, UAA91 and 3AL5/XAA91 except for heater ratings
12AT6/HBC90 – Dual diode/triode (Commonly replaced by 12AV6/HBC91 in consumer radios)
12AT7/ECC81, 6060, B309, M8162 – High-mu dual triode with a center-tapped heater. Commonly used as R.F. amplifier/mixer in VHF circuits.^[50]
12AU7/ECC82, 6067, B329, M8136 – Medium-mu dual triode with a center-tapped heater.^[50] Two 6C4/EC90s in one envelope;^[51] however, it is only specified as an audio frequency device. Commonly used in audio applications and TV receivers.
12AV6/HBC91 – Dual diode/high-mu triode, 6AV6/EBC91 with a different heater
12AV7, 5965 – Medium-mu dual triode. Principally designed for VHF amplifier/mixer operation.^[52]
12AX7/ECC83, 6057, B327, M8137 – High-mu dual triode with a center-tapped heater. Very similar to triode section of 6AV6/EBC91. Commonly used in high-gain audio stages.^[50]
12AY7 – Dual triode. Medium gain but low noise, intended for low-level/preamplifier use.^[50]
12AZ7 – Dual triode. Medium-mu, AF Amplifier, or combined oscillator and mixer, 9-pin.^[53]^[50]
12B4A – Low-mu triode, noval base.^[50]
12BA6/HF93 – Remote-cutoff pentode, 6BA6/EF93 with a different heater
12BE6/HK90 – Heptode pentagrid converter, 6BE6/EK90 with a different heater
12BH7 – Dual triode, Medium-mu, designed for use in equipment having series heater-string arrangement.^[54]^[50]
12BV7, 12BY7/EL180, 12DQ7 – CRT cathode drive power pentodes^[55]
12DT6 – Sharp-cutoff pentode
12DW7/ECC832, 7247 – Dual dissimilar audio triode. One half 12AX7-type triode, other half 12AU7-type triode
12EG6 – Low (12.6-30 V) anode voltage heptode pentagrid converter, both grids 1 and 3 are sharp-cutoff, for car radios
12FA6 – Low (12.6-30 V) anode voltage heptode pentagrid converter, car radio version of 12BE6/HK90
12FQ8 – Common cathode, dual split-anode triode for use in musical instruments, frequency dividers and complex wave generators^[56]
12FX8 – Low (12.6-16 V) anode voltage, triode/heptode mixer for car radios
12GA6 – Similar to type 12FA6, but with lower conversion transconductance
12J5WGT – Heater cathode type, medium-mu triode, identical to 6J5WGT except heater characteristics
12K5 – Low (12.6-30 V) anode voltage tetrode with a space charge grid, for car radios
12MD8 – Medium-mu triple triode for use as NTSC chroma signal demodulator matrix in analog color TV receivers, 9-pin base
12MN8 – High-mu triple triode for use as NTSC chroma signal demodulator matrix in analog color TV receivers, 12-pin base
12SA7 – Heptode pentagrid converter (Octal version of 12BE6/HK90)
12SK7 – Remote-cutoff Pentode (Octal version of 12BA6/HF93)
12SQ7 – Dual diode, triode (Octal version of 12AV6/HBC91)
12U5G – Tuning indicator identical to 6U5G except heater characteristics
12Z3 – Half-wave rectifier, UX4 base

14 prefix - Loctal tubes

These tubes all have 12.6 V heaters despite the 14-prefix, intended to indicate a Loctal base. Most draw 150 mA for use in AA5 radio receivers

14A4 – Medium-mu triode, Loctal version of type 12J5
14A5 – Beam power pentode
14A7 – Remote-cutoff pentode, often numbered 14A7/12B7
14AF7 – Dual medium-mu triodes, often numbered 14AF7/XXD
14B6 – High-mu triode, dual detector diode, similar to types 12AV6/HBC91 and 12SQ7
14B8 – Heptode pentagrid converter, Loctal version of type 12A8
14C5 – Beam power pentode, Loctal version of type 12V6-GT
14C7 – Sharp-cutoff pentode
14E6 – Medium-mu triode, dual detector diode, Loctal version of 12SR7
14E7 – Semiremote-cutoff pentode, dual detector diode, similar to type 12C8
14F7 – High-mu dual triode, Loctal version of type 12SL7-GT
14F8 – Medium-mu high frequency triode, used as FM RF amplifier and converter
14H7 – Semiremote-cutoff pentode
14J7 – Triode/heptode mixer
14N7 – Dual medium-mu triode, Loctal version of type 12SN7-GT
14Q7 – Heptode pentagrid converter, similar to type 12SA7
14R7 – Remote-cutoff pentode, dual detector diode
14S7 – Triode/heptode mixer
14W7 – Sharp-cutoff pentode
14X7 – High-mu triode, dual detector diodes on separate cathodes, used as FM discriminator and AF amplifier
14Y4 – Full-wave rectifier

25 volt series heater tubes

For AA5 radio receivers with 150 mA series heater strings

25F5 – Beam power pentode; 50C5 with half the heater power, allowing for push-pull output stages with the heater spec of a single 50C5

For AA5 radio receivers with 300 mA series heater strings

25A6 – Power pentode, octal version of type 43
25C5 – Beam power pentode, 50C5 with a different heater
25L6 – Beam power pentode, 12L6 or 50L6 with a different heater; besides AA5, also popular for high-speed gating, or as a relay or keypunch solenoid driver, in early computers such as the UNIVAC I, where the heater ran off the equipment's 24-volts supply bus. As the 25L6GT developed cathode poisoning after prolonged periods in cut-off, the EIA-type 6046 was derived from it, which didn't suffer from this problem
25Z5 – Separate cathode dual rectifier for use as a voltage doubler
25Z6 – Octal version of 25Z5

35 volt series heater tubes

For AA5 radio receivers with 150 mA series heater strings

35A5 – Beam power tube, Loctal base, similar to 35L6
35B5 – Beam power tube
35C5 – 35B5 with a revised pinout to address concerns that high peak voltage between 4 (heater) and 5 (anode) would promote socket breakdown^[57]
35DZ8 – High-mu triode/power pentode, similar to 35HB8, used for audio
35HB8 – Triode and beam power tube, used primarily as both the audio preamplifier and output
35L6-GT – Beam power pentode similar to, but not electronically identical to, types 12L6-GT, 25L6-GT and 50L6-GT
35W4 – Half-wave rectifier
35Y4 – Half-wave rectifier with a heater tap for a pilot light, Loctal base, similar to 35Z5
35Z3 – Half-wave rectifier, Loctal base, similar to 35Z4
35Z4-GT – Half-wave rectifier
35Z5-GT – 35Z4-GT with a heater tap for a pilot light

50 volt series heater tubes

For AA5 radio receivers with 150 mA series heater strings

50A5 – Beam power tube, Loctal base, similar to 50L6
50B5 – Beam power tube, 35B5 with a 50 volt heater
50C5 – 50B5 with a revised pinout to address concerns that high peak voltage between 4 (heater) and 5 (anode) would promote socket breakdown^[57]
50DC4 – Half-wave rectifier, 35W4 with a 50 volt heater
50EH5 – Beam power tube, similar to 50C5 but with higher gain; some radios that use this tube do not have an audio amplifier section
50HK6 – Power pentode with a heater tap for a pilot light
50L6 – Beam power tube, 12L6 or 25L6 with a 50 volt heater
50X6 – Separate cathode dual rectifier for use as a voltage doubler, Loctal base

117 volt heater tubes

All of the following tubes are designed to operate with their heaters connected directly to the 117 volt (now 120 volt) electrical mains of North America. All of them use indirectly heated cathodes. All of them incorporate at least one rectifier diode.

Rectifier and beam power pentode

117L7GT – Half-wave rectifier and beam power pentode
117M7GT – Half-wave rectifier and beam power pentode
117N7GT – Half-wave rectifier and beam power pentode
117P7GT – Half-wave rectifier and beam power pentode

Rectifiers

Used in Three-way portable (AC or DC mains, or batteries) radio receivers

117Z3 – Half-wave rectifier, 7-pin miniature version of 117Z4GT
117Z4GT – Half-wave rectifier
117Z6GT – Separate cathode dual rectifier for use as a voltage doubler; some versions have a center-tapped heater that can also be wired for 150 mA/58.5 V

100 mA series heater tubes

Used in radio receivers with series heater strings

18FX6 – Heptode pentagrid converter, identical to 6BE6/EK90 and 12BE6/HK90 except for heater ratings
18FY6 – Dual diode/triode, identical to 6AV6/EBC91 and 12AV6/HBC91 except for heater ratings
34GD5 – Beam power tube, identical to 35C5 and 50C5 except for heater ratings
36AM3 – Half-wave rectifier, identical to 35W4 except for heater ratings
60FX5 – AF Power pentode, identical to 12FX5 and 19FX5 except for heater ratings

More of these tubes are listed as equivalents under M-P U - 100 mA heater

150 mA series heater tubes

Used in AA5 radios, and semi-transistorized TV receivers with series heater strings

14GT8/7724, 14JG8 – Dual diode, high-mu triode for use as FM detector and AF amplifier
17EW8/HCC85 – Dual triode for use as VHF oscillator/mixer up to 200 MHz, noval base, identical to 6AQ8/ECC85, 9AQ8/PCC85 and UCC85 except for heater ratings
19T8/HABC80 – High-mu triode, triple diode (two on common cathode with triode, one with independent cathode), miniature 9-pin, used as an AF amplifier, AM detector and ratio detector in AC-powered post-war European AM/FM radios; identical to 5T8, 6T8, 6AK8/EABC80, 9AK8/PABC80 and 27AK8/UABC80 except for heater ratings
50JY6 – Horizontal deflection beam power pentode
56R9 – Compactron AF triode and beam power pentode, separate heaters for triode (14 V) and pentode (42 V) for flexibility with the series string order
70A7, 70L7 – Half-wave rectifier and beam power pentode

More of these tubes are listed as equivalents under M-P H - 150 mA heater

300 mA series heater tubes

Most are series heater versions of respective 6-prefix tubes; used in TV receivers with series heater strings

4HK5 – VHF frame-grid, variable-mu triode, identical to 2HK5, 3HK5 and 6HK5 except for heater ratings
7AU7/XCC82 – AF, Medium-mu dual triode, 12AU7/ECC82 with a different, but also center-tapped heater that can be wired for 300 mA/7.0 V or 600 mA/3.5 V
58HE7 – Compactron High-perveance damper diode and horizontal deflection beam power pentode, identical to 6HE7, 12HE7 and 38HE7 except for heater ratings

More of these tubes are listed as equivalents under M-P P - 300 mA heater

450 mA series heater tubes

Most are series heater versions of respective 6-prefix tubes; used in TV receivers with series heater strings

2CW4 – Nuvistor High-mu VHF triode, 6CW4 with a 2.1 volt/450 mA heater
2EN5 – Dual diode
4CB6 – Sharp-cutoff pentode
7KY6 – Sharp-cutoff frame-grid pentode with a 7.3 V/450 mA heater for use as video output tube in TV receivers, 9-pin miniature socket^[58]
8AC10 – Compactron High-mu triple triode for use as NTSC chroma signal demodulator matrix in analog color TV receivers, 12-pin base
8B10 – Compactron Dual triode and dual diode
8FQ7/8CG7 – Dual triode (8.4 V/450 mA heater version of the common 6CG7)
11DS5 – Beam Power tube (11.2 V/450 mA heater version of the 50B5/35B5)
38HE7, 38HK7 – Compactron High-perveance damper diode and horizontal deflection beam power pentode
42KN6 – Compactron Horizontal deflection beam power pentode, 6KN6 with a different heater

More of these tubes are listed as equivalents under M-P L - 450 mA heater

600 mA series heater tubes

Most are series heater versions of respective 6-prefix tubes; used in color TV receivers with series heater strings

2AF4 – UHF Medium-mu oscillator triode; 6AF4/EC94 with a different heater
2BN4 – VHF triode
2CY5 – VHF sharp-cutoff tetrode
2EA5 – VHF sharp-cutoff tetrode
2EG4 – Nuvistor High-mu VHF triode, 1.7 volt/600 mA heater
2ER5/XC95 – VHF triode with variable mutual conductance, identical to 4ER5/PC95 and 6ER5/EC95 except for heater ratings
2ES5 – VHF triode
2EV5 – VHF sharp-cutoff tetrode
2FH5 – VHF triode
2FQ5 – VHF semiremote-cutoff triode
2FV6 – VHF sharp-cutoff tetrode
2FY5/XC97 – Frame-grid VHF triode, identical to 4FY5/PC97 and 6FY5/EC97 except for heater ratings
5J6 – General purpose RF dual triode with common cathodes, a 6J6/ECC91 with a 4.7 V/600 mA controlled warm up heater^[59]
10DE7 – Dual triode (dissimilar triode sections) for use as vertical deflection oscillator and amplifier, 6DE7 or 13DE7 with a different heater
30KD6 – Compactron Horizontal deflection beam power pentode, identical to 6KD6 and 36KD6/40KD6 except for heater ratings

More of these tubes are listed as equivalents under M-P X - 600 mA heater

Other tubes

13CW4 – Nuvistor High-mu VHF triode (13.5 V/60 mA heater version of the 6CW4) for use as a low-noise frontend in standalone, semi-transistorized antenna boosters; later also used as a preamplifier in Neumann condenser microphones U-47 and U-48 after the production of the VF14M ceased^[60]
26A6 – Remote-cutoff pentode with a 12-cell lead-acid battery heater
26A7GT – Low (26.5-50 V) anode voltage dual AF beam power pentode designed for both heater and anode to run directly off the standard avionics 28-volts DC bus, for use as a push–pull audio amplifier; cf. 13П1П, 13П1С
26BK6, 26C6 – Dual diode and triode with a 12-cell lead-acid battery heater
26D6 – Heptode pentagrid with a 12-cell lead-acid battery heater
26E6WG – Avionics AF beam power pentode
26Z5W – Avionics dual power diode, separate cathodes
28D7W – Low (28-100 V) anode voltage dual AF beam power pentode designed for both heater and anode to run directly off the standard avionics 28-volts DC bus, shock resistant up to 350 g, for use as a push–pull audio amplifier, or as switching element of a self-excited push–pull DC/DC converter to provide up to 725 mW of anode high voltage supply for conventional tubes

List of EIA professional tubes

Note: Most of these are special quality versions of the equivalents given. Some manufacturers preceded the EIA number with a manufacturer's code, as explained above.

4000s

4042 – Ceramic/metal pencil-type disk-seal UHF power triode for pulsed operation up to 425 W
4062A – Ceramic/metal pencil-type disk-seal SHF power triode up to 4 GHz, mu = 100, P_anode = 10 W
4065 – Directly heated electrometer triode, grid current ≤125 fA, 4-pin all-glass pigtail, for probe amplifiers
4205 – Directly heated power triode, 4-pin bayonet base with offset pin
4270A (3C/350E) – Directly heated power triode, 4-pin base
4275 – Directly heated power triode, 4-pin base
4300 – Directly heated power triode, 4-pin base
4307A – Power pentode similar to the output beam tetrode type 807. It differs from an 807 by being a directly heated pentode rather than an indirectly heated beam tetrode. Both types are contained in an ST-16 bulb with an anode cap and 5-pin "American" UY base

The SY4307A made by Standard Telephones and Cables Australia is historically notable because a pair of them in parallel Class-C was used as the output stage in a transmitter built in secret by Australian soldiers in Japanese-occupied Portuguese Timor during World War II in 1942. This transmitter, now reconstructed and on display at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra, was called "Winnie the War Winner".^[61]

4307AF – 4307A qualified for use in standard aircraft radio

4560 – Character generator monoscope for text mode video rendering in early computer monitors, with a square target having letters, digits and symbols stenciled into it in a customer-supplied 8x8 array. An electron beam selects and scans a character, both by appropriate electrostatic deflection, and generates an analog video signal;^[62] cf. CK1414, TH9503
4598,^[63] 7539,^[64] 7828,^[65] 8087,^[66] 8098^[67] – Graphechon dual-electron gun scan conversion tubes, analog video transcoders with simultaneous R/W capability for realtime resolution and frame rate transcoding between different analog video standards. This was achieved by a CRT/camera tube combination; the CRT part writes onto a thin, dielectric target; the camera part reads the generated charge pattern at a different scan rate from the back side of this target.^[68] The setup could also be used as a genlock
4613 – Directly heated power triode, 4-pin base
4614 – Indirectly heated power triode, 5-pin base
4641 – Directly heated power triode, 4-pin base
4671/E1C (955) – Indirectly heated Acorn triode
4672/E1F (954) – Indirectly heated Acorn pentode
4674 – Indirectly heated Acorn diode
4675 – 4671/E1C with a 4 Volts heater
4676 – 4672/E1F with a 4 Volts heater
4678 (EM1) – Indirectly heated tuning indicator
4683 – Directly heated power triode, 8-pin base
4695/E2F (956) – Indirectly heated Acorn pentode

5000s

5651

5331, 5332, 5514 – Directly heated power triodes, 4-pin base with anode top cap
5556 – Directly heated power triode, 4-pin base
5593 – Phasitron, a magnetically controlled beam deflection phase modulator tube^[69] similar to the 2H21, used in early FM broadcast transmitters^[13]^[14]^[15]
5608 – Dual power triode, designed for use with AC anode voltage and critical grid leak requirements
5651 – 86-volts, cold-cathode, glow-discharge voltage reference, 7-pin miniature base
5678 (CK5678 Raytheon) – 5 leads subminiature shielded pentode for RF applications
5691 – Special Red ruggedized long-life high-mu triode for industrial applications
5692 – Special Red ruggedized long-life medium-mu triode for industrial applications
5693 – Special Red ruggedized long-life sharp-cutoff pentode for industrial applications
5654, 6AK5, EF95, CV4010, 62H1P, 408A – VHF pentode; common in vintage radar IF amplifiers
5704 – Subminiature diode, all-glass round cross-section body, but flat 4-pin base, long pigtails
5727 – 650 V, 100 mA_avg, 500 mA_peak, 10 A_surge Indirectly heated tetrode thyratron, positive starter voltage, miniature 7-pin base
5729 – Beam deflection, 30-channel analog multiplexer for telecomms transmitting channel banks, internal electrostatic focusing and deflection to determine through which one out of 30 grids the electron beam passes to the common anode.^[70] Cf. 5738, 6090, 6091, 6170, 6324
5731 – Narrow-tolerance selected 955 Acorn triode for use in Radiosonde weather balloon transmitters
5734 – Mechanotron-type mechano-electronic displacement sensor; a vacuum triode with its anode mounted on a shaft that extends through a thin, flexible metal diaphragm; shaft movement is reflected in anode current; F_res = 12 kHz^[71]^[72]
5738 – Beam deflection, secondary emission, 25-channel analog multiplexer, internal electrostatic focusing and deflection to determine which one out of 25 individually controllable dynodes receives the electron beam controlled by a common grid.^[73] Cf. 5729, 6090, 6091, 6170, 6324
5749, 6BA6, EF93, W727 – RF pentode
5750, 6BE6, EK90, X727 – Heptode pentagrid converter
5751 – Low-voltage, low-noise avionics dual triode with separate cathodes
5814A – Industrial, computer-rated version of 12AU7/ECC82
5836, 6BL6

Raytheon RK5836
– Sutton tube, a reflex klystron used as a 250 mW CW microwave source, 1.6 to 6.5 GHz depending upon an external cavity. 4-pin peewee base with cavity contact rings and top cap
5837, 6BM6 – Sutton tube used as a 150 mW CW microwave source, 550 MHz to 3.8 GHz depending upon an external cavity. 4-pin peewee base with cavity contact rings and top cap
5845 – Dual directly heated saturated-emission diode. Acts as a heating current-controlled, variable series resistor in voltage/current stabilizer circuits
5876A – Glass pencil-type disk-seal UHF power triode up to 2 GHz
5930 – Ruggedized, directly heated power triode, 4-pin base
5962 – 700 V/2...55 µA Corona voltage reference, miniature 7-pin base with anode top cap
5963, 5964, 5965 – Dual triode, designed for high speed digital computers, has a high zero-bias anode current, identical to 12AV7
5998, 6336A, 6394, 6520, 6528, 7802 – Dual power triodes, designed for series voltage regulator applications

6000s

6047 – Additron, a triple-control grid, split-anode tetrode for use as a single-bit digital full adder^[74] (technically a hexode)
6057, 12AX7, ECC83, M8137, B339 – High-mu dual triode
6059, 6BR7 – Low-microphonics pentode
6060, 12AT7, ECC81, M8162, B309 – High-mu dual triode
6064, 6AM6, EF91, M8083, Z77 – R.F. pentode
6067, 12AU7, ECC82, M8136, B329 – Medium-mu dual triode
6080, 6AS7 – Very-low impedance dual power triode, designed for series voltage regulator applications, now popular for output transformerless audio amplifiers
6082 – Ruggedized, indirectly heated power triode, octal base
6090 – Beam deflection, 18-channel analog demultiplexer for telecomms receiving channel banks, internal electrostatic focusing and deflection to determine which one out of 18 anodes receives the electron beam controlled by a common grid.^[75] Cf. 5729, 5738, 6091, 6170, 6324
6091 – Beam deflection, 25-channel analog multiplexer for telecomms transmitting channel banks, internal electrostatic focusing and deflection to determine through which one out of 25 grids the electron beam passes to the common anode.^[76] Cf. 5729, 5738, 6090, 6170, 6324
6146 – 60 MHz, 120 W Power AF/RF/VHF beam pentode

6146B (8298A) – Improved version of 6146, 6146A and 8298

6170 and 6324 – Beam deflection, 25-channel analog multiplexer for telecomms transmitting channel banks, external focusing and deflection by a multiphase, rotating magnetic field to determine through which one out of 25 grids the electron beam passes to the common anode.^[77] Cf. 5729, 5738, 6090, 6091
6173 – Pencil-type disk-seal UHF diode up to 3.3 GHz
6196 – Directly heated dual, compensating electrometer tetrode with space charge grids for use in the 2 branches of a differential-in, differential-out bridge circuit^[78]
6218/E80T (CV5724) – Modulated, single-anode beam deflection tube for pulse generation up to 375 MHz; shock resistant up to 500 g^[79]^[80]^[81]^[82]
6351 – Secondary emission pentode for wide band RF amplifiers
6353 – 19.3 kV/25...1000 µA Corona voltage reference, miniature 7-pin base with anode top cap
6263 – Pencil-type disk-seal UHF power triode up to 500 MHz, P_anode = 8 W
6361 – Convectron, an inclinometer tube that senses tilt from the vertical by means of different gas convections around a heating wire in a glass envelope, of two 6361s aligned in a 90° V-shaped position to each other and the heating wires connected in a bridge circuit
6391 – Subminiature low-microphonics pentode, 8-pin all-glass pigtailed
6441 – 650 V, 100 mA_avg, 300 mA_surge Tacitron, a grid turn-off hydrogen thyratron with a grid that forms a shield around both the cathode and anode and separates the two by a wire mesh, so the arc discharge can be extinguished by a negative grid that surrounds the positive anode with a field of opposing polarity and inhibits conduction, taking over part of the anode current during deionisation – similar to today's GTOs; Octal base;^[83] cf. EC860
6462 – Magnetic pickup tube, a 1-axis beam deflection magnetometer with approx. 1 G (100 μT) resolution; an electron beam is electrostatically centered between two anodes while no magnetic field is present; the magnetic field to be detected will then deflect the beam more towards one of the anodes, resulting in an imbalance between the two anode currents^[84]
6498 – Memotron, a storage tube^[85]
6499 – Radechon, an early form of digital computer memory^[86]
6550 – 20 W AF beam tetrode for high fidelity amplifiers
6571 – Williams-type computer memory tube^[87]
6577 – Typotron, a charactron for text mode video rendering in early computer monitors^[88]
6694, 6957, 7412, 7536, 7633/ORP11, 8217, 8474, 8475, 8476, 8477, 8478, 8582 – CdS photoresistors (LDR)
6700 – 200 ns Decade counter Magnetron Beam Switching Tube, 6.3 V, 300 mA heater^[89]
6701 – Low-voltage 500 ns decade counter Magnetron Beam Switching Tube, 6.3 V, 300 mA heater^[90]
6703 – 500 ns Decade counter Magnetron Beam Switching Tube, 6.3 V, 300 mA heater
6704 – 100 ns Decade counter Magnetron Beam Switching Tube with internal spade load resistors, 6.3 V, 300 mA heater
6710, 6711, 6712 (High current), 6714 (Low-voltage) – 2 MHz Decade counter Beam-X Switch, 6.3 V heater
6762 – Wamoscope ("Wave modulated oscilloscope"), a TWT/CRT combination used to directly visualize an incoming microwave signal by electron velocity-sorting^[91]
6835, 7570, 7571 – Single-electron gun recording storage tube, an analog video frame freezer tube. This was achieved by a CRT that writes the video image onto a thin, dielectric target and subsequently can read the generated charge pattern up to 30000 times from that target, producing a video signal containing a static shot that resembles a still photograph^[92]^[93]^[94]
6846 – Gas-filled, three-cathode 1-bit binary counter or switching tube, 7-pin base^[95]
6877, 7233 – Power triodes, designed for series voltage regulator applications
6900 – Dual power triode for pulse applications in missiles, avionics and industrial systems; noval base
6922 (E88CC) – Dual triode used as cascode RF amplifier, industrial version of 6DJ8/ECC88
6973 (6CZ5) – Beam power pentode popular in some makes of 1960s era guitar amplifiers, though rarely implemented in modern times

7000s

7077 – Miniature all-ceramic disk-seal UHF triode
7105 – 12.6-volts version of 6080
7189/6BQ5/EL84 – AF Power pentode

7189A – Improved 7189

7199 – Split triode-pentode, noval pinbase. Similar to 6U8
7229,^[96] 7230,^[97] 7231,^[98] 7232,^[99] 7439, 7440, 7441, 7595, 7596, 7597, 7598, 7599, 7600, 7602 – Krytrons, cold-cathode gas-filled trigger tubes with a primer electrode for use as a very high-speed, high-surge current switch^[100] – second source to EG&G
7236 – Dual power triode for use as long-life power amplifier in computer applications
7241, 7242 – Triple-grid/cathode power triodes, designed for hi-rel series voltage regulator applications
7266 – Miniature all-ceramic disk-seal UHF diode
7289 – 3 GHz, 40 W UHF planar power triode
7308/E188CC – Premium version of 6922
7360 – Beam deflection tube, used as balanced modulator/mixer up to 100 MHz^[101]^[102]^[103]
7414 – Time Totalizer, a metal-vapor coulometer, a cold-cathode gas-discharge tube where metal is constantly sputtered off the cathode and deposited on a collector element whose resistance therefore decreases with elapsed time^[104]
7416 – Constant firing diode, a gas-filled cold-cathode switching diode with a very stable breakdown voltage over age and temperature, for use as a trigger in RC timing crcuits; 7-pin miniature base
7430 – Flat-envelope version of the 6AK5/EF95 sharp-cutoff pentode for use on PCBs in Radiosonde weather balloon transmitters
7548 – Secondary emission hexode for pulse generator and pulse amplifier applications
7551 (12-15V heater for mobile equipment), 7558 (6.3V heater for fixed equipment) – 175 MHz, 10 W Noval-base beam power pentode used for telephony, RF amplification, and more rarely AF amplification
7554 – Ceramic/metal Pencil-type disk-seal SHF power triode up to 5 GHz
7572, 7575, 7702 – Dual-electron gun recording storage tube, a realtime analog video frame freezer tube with simultaneous R/W, and storing capability. This was achieved by a CRT/camera tube combination; the CRT part writes the video signal onto a thin, dielectric target, which can hold the generated charge pattern for many hours; the camera part reads the charge pattern from the back side of this target, producing a video signal containing a static shot that resembles a still photograph^[105]^[106]^[107]
7586 – First Nuvistor available on the market, medium-mu triode
7587 – Nuvistor Sharp-cutoff tetrode
7591 – Beam power pentode, octal pinbase. Found in many guitar amps made by Gibson and Ampeg.
7610 – Electron bombarded semiconductor tube for high-speed, 8-bit A/D conversion; a beam deflection tube where the analog signal to be digitized deflects a sheet beam across an array of 8 long semiconductor diodes that is covered by a metal layer with windows patterned to encode the Gray code. The 8 diodes are reverse-biased and when hit through a window by the electron beam, generate currents that digitally represent the analog signal.^[108] cf. ЭПЛ-1
7688, 7690 (Medium-mu), 7689 (high-mu) – Triple triodes
7699 – Dual tetrode for wide band push-pull amplifiers
7733 – CRT cathode drive power pentode, premium version of 12BY7/EL180
7762 – Shock-proof avionics AF beam power pentode
7763 – Beam deflection tube, used as IF amplifier/limiter where a constant phase shift over a wide range of input signal amplitudes is required^[109]
7768 – Miniature all-ceramic disk-seal SHF triode up to 4 GHz
7846 – CdSe infrared (500...900 nm) photoresistor, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed
7868 – Beam power pentode, magnoval pinbase version of 7591. Found in many of the once popular Challenger series PA amps made by Bogen Communications, also found in some guitar amplifiers made by Ampeg
7895 – Improved 7586 Nuvistor with higher mu

8000s

8011 – Micropup-type UHF power triode up to 600 MHz
8032A (6883B, 8552 – 13.5V heater), 8298A (6146B – 6.3V heater) – 60 MHz, 120 W Power AF/RF/VHF beam pentode
8056 – Nuvistor triode for low supply voltage
8058 – Nuvistor triode with grid on envelope and an anode cap, for grounded-grid UHF circuits
8069 – 8 kV/23...1000 µA Corona voltage reference, cathode cylinder and anode top cap
8089 – 1.6 kV/20...800 µA Corona voltage reference, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed
8090 – 3.5 kV/50...1000 µA Corona voltage reference, 9-pin with anode top cap
8091 – 4 kV/50...1000 µA Corona voltage reference, 9-pin with anode top cap
8122 – Forced-air cooled, 300 W@470 MHz beam power tetrode
8203 – Nuvistor power triode up to 250 MHz
8256 – 3.5 kV/35...1900 µA Corona voltage reference, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed
8257 – 1.2 kV/15...750 µA Corona voltage reference, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed
8380 – Nuvistor power tetrode for use in sonobuoys, up to 80 MHz
8382 – Nuvistor power triode for use in sonobuoys, up to 175 MHz
8393 – Nuvistor medium-mu triode, used in Tektronix oscilloscopes, 12.6 Volt heater
8441 – Nuvistor high-mu triode for use in sonobuoys
8456 – Nuvistor medium-mu triode for use in sonobuoys
8469 – 400 V/5...400 µA Corona voltage reference, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed
8506 – Miniature all-ceramic disk-seal UHF triode
8514 – 1 kV/10...800 µA Corona voltage reference, 7-pin with anode top cap
8515 – 1.6 kV/20...950 µA Corona voltage reference, 7-pin with anode top cap
8525, 8526, 8527 – Nuvistor medium-mu dual triodes
8627 – Nuvistor power triode up to 1.2 GHz
8628 – Nuvistor high-mu AF triode for use in valve microphones and piezoelectric pickup preamplifiers up to 200 kHz
8808 – Nuvistor high-mu triode up to 1.2 GHz
8873 – 500 MHz, 200 W anode dissipation power triode
8874 – 500 MHz, 400 W anode dissipation power triode
8875 – 500 MHz, 300 W anode dissipation power triode
8877 = 3CX1500A7 – Ceramic, forced-air cooled, 1.5 kW power triode
8974 (X-2159) – Giant water-cooled megawatt-class tetrode used for very high-power broadcast and industrial service; possibly the most powerful tube ever commercially produced

List of European Mullard–Philips tubes, with American equivalents

Most post-war European thermionic valve (vacuum tube) manufacturers have used the Mullard–Philips tube designation naming scheme.

Special quality variants may have the letters "SQ" appended, or the device description letters may be swapped with the numerals (e.g. an E82CC is a special quality version of an ECC82)

Note: Typecode explained above. The part behind a slash ("/") is the RMA/RETMA/EIA equivalent.

A - 4 V heater

AB

AB1 – Dual diode
AB2 – Dual diode

ABC

ABC1 – Dual diode and triode, CBC1 with a different heater, 1930s European radios

ABL

ABL1 – Dual diode - power pentode, 1930s European radios

AC

AC2 – Triode for use as AF amplifier or as oscillator together with an AH1 mixer; 8-pin base, EC2 with a different heater
AC50/4686 – 3 mA_avg, 300 mA_peak, Argon-filled triode thyratron, 8-pin base with grid on top cap, for relaxation oscillators up to 50 kHz
AC100 – Triode for use as AF amplifier or as oscillator together with an AH100 mixer; AC2 with a different base
AC101 – Triode for use as AF amplifier or as oscillator together with an AH100 mixer; AC2 with a different base
AC104 – Triode^[110]
AC701 – Subminiature AF triode, 4-pin all-glass pigtailed with grid on top wire, for condenser microphone preamplifiers
AC761 – Subminiature AF triode, 4-pin all-glass pigtailed with grid on top wire, for microphone preamplifiers

ACH

ACH1 – Triode/hexode mixer

A D

AD1 – 4.2 W Power triode
AD100 – 1.7 W Power triode, 5-pin base
AD101 – 1.7 W Power triode, 7-pin base
AD102 – 5.5 W Power triode

AF

AF2 – Remote-cutoff pentode
AF3 – Remote-cutoff pentode. Identical to CF3 except for heater ratings
AF7 – Sharp-cutoff pentode
AF100 – Wide band, sharp-cutoff pentode

AH

AH1 – Remote-cutoff hexode for RF gain control or modulator, CH1 with a different heater
AH100 – Remote-cutoff hexode for RF gain control or modulator

AK

AK1 – Octode pentagrid converter, 1930s European radios. UX7 base
AK2 – Octode pentagrid converter, CK1 with a different heater, 1930s European radios. Ct8 base, similar to EK2

AL

AL1 – AF Power pentode, 1930s European radios
AL2 – AF Power pentode, 1930s European radios. Ct8 base
AL3 – AF Power pentode, 1930s European radios
AL4 – AF Power pentode, 1930s European radios
AL5 – Identical to EL5 except for heater ratings
AL60 – Power pentode^[111]
AL860 – RF/AF Power pentode, noval base

AM

AM1 – Top-view, "Magic Cross"-type tuning indicator, EM1 with a different heater
AM2/4677 – Top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, identical to CM2 and EM2 except for heater ratings

AN

AN1 – 300 mA_avg, 2 A_peak, 15 A_surge, Gas-filled triode thyratron with negative control characteristic. British 5-pin base, for industrial control applications

AX

AX1/4652 – 500 V_PIV, 125 mA Gas-filled, full-wave rectifier, 4-pin base

Note: This particular 4652 is a Philips-proprietary designation and not an EIA number

AX50 – 500 V_PIV, 275 mA Gas-filled, full-wave rectifier, 4-pin base

AZ

AZ1 – 100 mA Full-wave power rectifier, Ct8 base, 8-pin side-contact
AZ2 – 160 mA Full-wave power rectifier, Ct8 base, 8-pin side-contact
AZ3 – 120 mA Full-wave power rectifier, Ct8 base, 8-pin side-contact
AZ4 – 200 mA Full-wave power rectifier, Ct8 base, 8-pin side-contact
AZ11 – Full-wave power rectifier, AZ1 with G8A 8-pin German metal octal base
AZ12 – Full-wave power rectifier, AZ4 with G8A 8-pin German metal octal base
AZ21 – 120 mA Full-wave power rectifier, Loctal base
AZ31 – Full-wave power rectifier, AZ1 with 5-pin Octal base
AZ32 – Full-wave power rectifier, AZ2 with 5-pin Octal base
AZ33 – 120 mA Full-wave power rectifier, 4-pin Octal base
AZ41 – 70 mA Full-wave power rectifier, Rimlok base
AZ50 – 300 mA Full-wave power rectifier, Rimlok base

B - 180 mA heater

BB

BB1 – Shielded common cathode dual diode, CB2 with a 16 V heater and a European 5-pin base with one anode on top cap^[112]^[113]

BCH

BCH1 – Triode/hexode mixer, ACH1 with a 24 V heater and a German Hexode base, hexode control grid on top cap^[112]^[113]

BL

BL2 – Power pentode, CL2 with a 30 V heater and a European 5-pin base with the control grid on top cap^[112]^[113]

C - 200 mA heater

Note: Many "C" tubes had 13V/200mA heaters, so apart from 1930s European AC/DC radios, these were also used in 12-Volts car radios^[3]^:6

CB

CB1 – Dual diode, P base, 8-pin side-contact, 13 V heater, 1930s European radios
CB2 – Dual diode, P base, 8-pin side-contact, 13 V heater, 1930s European radios

CBC

CBC1 – Dual diode and triode, ABC1 with a 13 V heater, 1930s European radios

CBL

CBL1 – Dual diode and power pentode, 44 V heater, 1930s European radios
CBL6 – Dual diode and power pentode, 1930s European radios
CBL31 – Dual diode and power pentode, CBL1 with a different base, 1930s European radios

CC

CC2 – Triode, AC2 with a 13 V heater, 1930s European radios

CCH

CCH1 – Triode/hexode mixer, 1930s European radios
CCH2 – Triode/hexode mixer, 1930s European radios
CCH35 – Triode/hexode mixer, ECH3 with a different heater and base, 1930s European radios

CF

CF1 – Sharp-cutoff pentode, 13 V heater, 1930s European radios
CF2 – Remote-cutoff pentode, 13 V heater, 1930s European radios
CF3 – Remote-cutoff pentode, AF3 with a 13 V heater, 1930s European radios
CF7 – Sharp-cutoff pentode, AF7 with a 13 V heater, 1930s European radios
CF50 – Microphone preamplifier sharp-cutoff pentode
CF51 – Microphone preamplifier sharp-cutoff pentode

CH

CH1 – Hexode mixer, AH1 with a 13 V heater, 1930s European radios

CK

CK1 – Octode pentagrid converter, AK2 with a 13 V heater, 1930s European radios
CK3 – Octode pentagrid converter, EK3 with a different heater, 1930s European radios

CL

CL1 – Power pentode, 1930s European radios
CL2 – Power pentode, BL2 with a 24 V heater, 1930s European radios
CL4 – AF power pentode, 33 V heater, 1930s European radios
CL6 – Power pentode, 1930s European radios
CL33 – AF power pentode, CL4 with an octal base, 1930s European radios

CM

CM2 – Top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator; has a 6.3 V/200 mA heater and was therefore marketed as C/EM2; identical to AM2 except for heater ratings

CY

CY1 – 250 V, 80 mA Half-wave rectifier, Ct8 base, 1930s European radios
CY2 – Separate cathode dual^[114] 250 V, 60 mA rectifier, Ct8 base, for use as half-wave rectifier or as voltage doubler. 1930s European radios
CY31 – CY1 with International Octal base, 1930s European radios
CY32 – CY2 with International Octal base, 1930s European radios

D - 1.4 V filament/heater

Note: D-type tubes except some rectifiers are directly heated.

DA

DA50 – Subminiature diode, 3-pin all-glass pigtailed
DA90 – Indirectly heated AM detector diode, miniature 7-pin base
DA101 – Diode, miniature 7-pin base

DAC

DAC1 – AM detector diode and AF triode^[115]
DAC21 – AM detector diode and AF triode
DAC22 – AM detector diode and AF triode
DAC25 – AM detector diode and AF triode
DAC31 – AM detector diode and AF triode
DAC32 – AM detector diode and AF triode
DAC41w – AM detector diode and AF triode^[24]

DAF

DAF1 – AM detector diode and AF pentode^[116]
DAF11 – AM detector diode and AF pentode, wide-range heater
DAF26 – AM detector diode and AF pentode
DAF40 – AM detector diode and AF pentode
DAF41 – AM detector diode and AF pentode
DAF70 – Subminiature AM detector diode and AF pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base
DAF91/1S5 – AM detector diode and AF pentode, miniature 7-pin base
DAF92 – AM detector diode and AF pentode, miniature 7-pin base
DAF96/1AH5 – AM detector diode and AF pentode, miniature 7-pin base
DAF191 – AM detector diode and AF pentode, miniature 7-pin base
DAF961 – AM detector diode and AF pentode, miniature 7-pin base

DAH

DAH50 – Low-voltage diode-heptode with a space charge grid

DBC

DBC21 – Dual diode and triode
DBC31 – Dual diode and triode^[117]

DC

DC11 – AF driver triode for DDD11, wide-range heater
DC25 – AF driver triode for DDD25
DC41w – Driver triode^[24]
DC51 – Triode^[118]
DC70/6375 – Subminiature UHF triode for walkie-talkies, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base
DC80/1E3 – Triode, oscillator/mixer/amplifier
DC90 – Triode, FM receiver oscillator/mixer/amplifier, miniature 7-pin base
DC96 – Triode, FM receiver oscillator/mixer/amplifier, miniature 7-pin base^[113]
DC760 – Subminiature electrometer inverted triode for probes, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base
DC761 – Subminiature UHF triode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base
DC762 – Subminiature electrometer inverted triode for probes, 100 fA grid current, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base

—Special quality:

D1C (957) – Acorn UHF triode
D2C (958) – Acorn UHF triode

DCC

DCC90 – Dual triode, RF amplifier or oscillator, miniature 7-pin base

DCF

DCF60/1V6 – Triode and pentode, oscillator/mixer, all-glass flat 7-pin pigtailed

DCH

DCH1 – Triode/hexode mixer^[119]
DCH11 – Remote-cutoff triode/hexode mixer, wide-range heater
DCH21 – Remote-cutoff triode/hexode mixer
DCH25 – Remote-cutoff triode/hexode mixer
DCH31 – Triode/hexode mixer^[120]
DCH41w – Remote-cutoff triode/hexode mixer^[24]

DD

DD960 – VHF power triode, miniature 7-pin base

DDD

DDD11 – Dual AF power triode, wide-range heater – preferred driver is DC11
DDD25 – Dual AF power triode – preferred driver is DC25
DDD41w – Dual power triode^[24]

DF

DF1 – RF/IF pentode^[121]
DF11 – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode, wide-range heater
DF21 – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode
DF22 – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode
DF25 – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode
DF26 – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF pentode
DF31 – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode^[122]
DF32 – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode^[122]
DF33 – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode^[122]
DF41w – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode^[24]
DF51 – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF pentode^[123]
DF60/5678 – Subminiature sharp-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails
DF61 – Subminiature sharp-cutoff RF or mixer pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails
DF62/1AD4 – Subminiature sharp-cutoff RF pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, for use as RF/IF stage
DF63 – Subminiature remote-cutoff RF pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, for use as RF/IF stage
DF64 – Subminiature AF pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, for use in hearing aids
DF65 – Subminiature AF pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 5-pin/pigtails base, for use in hearing aids
DF66 – Subminiature AF pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, for use in hearing aids
DF67/6008 – Subminiature AF pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, but flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, for use in hearing aids
DF70 – Subminiature AF pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base, for use in hearing aids
DF72 – Subminiature sharp-cutoff RF pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base, for use as RF/IF stage
DF73 – Subminiature remote-cutoff RF pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base, for use as RF/IF stage
DF91/1T4 – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode, miniature 7-pin base
DF92/1L4 – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF pentode, miniature 7-pin base
DF96/1AJ4 – Remote-cutoff RF/mixer pentode, miniature 7-pin base
DF97/1AN5 – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode, miniature 7-pin base
DF161 – Subminiature AF pentode, all-glass pigtailed, for use in hearing aids
DF167 – Subminiature AF pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, for use in hearing aids
DF191 – RF pentode, miniature 7-pin base
DF650 – Subminiature AF pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, for use in hearing aids^[124]
DF651 (CK549DX) – Subminiature AF pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, for use in hearing aids
DF668 – Subminiature RF pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, similar to 1AD4
DF669 – Subminiature RF/IF pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, similar to 5678
DF703 (CK5886) – Subminiature electrometer pentode, envelope has a moisture-repellent coating, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, for probe amplifiers
DF904/1U4/5910 – Sharp-cutoff SW/VHF pentode, miniature 7-pin base
DF906 – Sharp-cutoff SW/VHF pentode, miniature 7-pin base
DF961 – Sharp-cutoff SW/VHF pentode, miniature 7-pin base

—Special quality:

D1F – D11F with a hand grip
D2F – D12F with a hand grip
D3F (959) – Acorn VHF pentode
D11F – Acorn remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode for portable transceivers
D12F – Acorn RF/IF/AF pentode for portable transceivers

DFF

DFF50 – Dual pentode^[125]
DFF51 – Dual pentode^[125]
DFF101 – Dual pentode^[125]

DK

DK1 – Octode pentagrid converter^[126]
DK21 – Octode beam pentagrid converter
DK22 – Octode pentagrid converter^[127]
DK31 – Octode pentagrid converter^[127]
DK32/1A7 – Heptode pentagrid converter
DK40 – Octode pentagrid converter
DK91/1R5 – Heptode pentagrid converter, miniature 7-pin base
DK92/1AC6 – Heptode pentagrid converter, miniature 7-pin base
DK96/1AB6 – Heptode pentagrid converter, miniature 7-pin base
DK192 – Heptode pentagrid converter, miniature 7-pin base
DK962 – Heptode pentagrid converter, miniature 7-pin base

DL

DL2 – Power pentode^[128]
DL11 – 350 mW AF Power pentode, wide-range heater
DL21 – 700 mW AF Power pentode
DL22 – Power pentode^[129]
DL25 – Power pentode
DL29/3D6 – Power pentode with a center-tapped, 2.8/1.4 V heater
DL31 – Power pentode^[129]
DL33/3Q5GT – 400 mW AF Power pentode with a center-tapped, 2.8/1.4 V heater
DL35 – 400 mW Power pentode with a center-tapped, 2.8/1.4 V heater
DL36 – Power pentode^[128]
DL41 – 600 mW Power pentode

DL41w – Bowl Power pentode^[24]

DL64 – Subminiature AF power pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, for use in hearing aids, U_A = 15 V, U_Amax = 45 V
DL65 – Subminiature AF power pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 5-pin/pigtails base, for use in hearing aids, DL67/6007 with a different pinout, U_A = 22.5 V, U_Amax = 45 V
DL66 – Subminiature AF power pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, for use in hearing aids, U_A = 22.5 V, U_Amax = 45 V
DL67/6007 – Subminiature AF power pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, but flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, for use in hearing aids, DL65 with a different pinout, U_A = 22.5 V, U_Amax = 45 V
DL68 – Subminiature AF power pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, for use in hearing aids, U_A = 22.5 V, U_Amax = 45 V
DL69 – Subminiature power pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, U_A = 90 V
DL70 – Subminiature VHF power pentode up to 200 MHz, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base, for use in walkie-talkies, U_A = 150 V
DL71 – Subminiature AF power pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base, for use in hearing aids, U_A = 22.5 V, U_Amax = 45 V
DL72 – Subminiature AF power pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base, for use in hearing aids, U_Amax = 45 V
DL73 (CV2299) – Subminiature VHF power pentode up to 200 MHz, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base, for use in walkie-talkies, U_A = 150 V
DL75 – Subminiature AF power pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base^[130]
DL91/1S4 – Power pentode, miniature 7-pin base
DL92/3S4 – 270 mW AF Power pentode with a center-tapped, 2.8/1.4 V heater, miniature 7-pin base
DL93/3A4 – 1.2 W RF/AF Power pentode with a center-tapped, 2.8/1.4 V heater, miniature 7-pin base
DL94/3V4 – 1.3 W AF Power pentode with a center-tapped, 2.8/1.4 V heater, miniature 7-pin base
DL95/3Q4 – 270 mW AF Power pentode with a center-tapped, 2.8/1.4 V heater, miniature 7-pin base
DL96/3C4 – 440 mW AF Power pentode with a center-tapped, 2.8/1.4 V heater, miniature 7-pin base
DL97/3Y4 – Power pentode with a center-tapped heater, miniature 7-pin base^[131]
DL98/3B4 – 1.25 W RF power pentode with a center-tapped, 2.5/1.25 V heater, up to 100 MHz, miniature 7-pin base
DL161 – Subminiature AF power pentode, all-glass pigtailed, for use in hearing aids
DL167 – 1.8 mW Subminiature AF power pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, for use in hearing aids
DL192 – 150 mW AF Power pentode with a center-tapped, 2.8/1.4 V heater, miniature 7-pin base
DL193 – 650 mW AF Power pentode with a center-tapped, 2.8/1.4 V heater, miniature 7-pin base
DL620 – 110 mW Subminiature power pentode, all-glass elliptical cross-section body, flat 5-pin base, long pigtails, U_Amax = 90 V
DL907 – SW/VHF power pentode, miniature 7-pin base
DL962 – 150 mW AF power pentode with a center-tapped, 2.4/1.2 V heater, miniature 7-pin base
DL963 – RF/AF power pentode with a center-tapped, 2.4/1.2 V heater, miniature 7-pin base

DLL

DLL21 – 1.5 W AF Dual power pentode
DLL101 – Dual power pentode, miniature 7-pin base
DLL102 – Dual power pentode, miniature 7-pin base

DM

DM21 – Top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator
DM70/1M3 – Side-view, subminiature band-and-dot-type tuning/level indicator, all-glass pigtailed
DM71/1N3 – Side-view, subminiature band-and-dot-type tuning/level indicator, all-glass pigtailed
DM160/6977 (ИВ-15) – First vacuum fluorescent display, single segment, side-view, for use as flip-flop status indicator in transistorized computers. All-glass pigtailed

DY

DY30 – 30 kV CRT EHT rectifier
DY51/1BG2 – Half-indirectly-heated 15 kV portable-TV CRT EHT rectifier, filament internally connected to cathode, all-glass, filament pigtails on one end, anode pigtail on the other
DY70 – 10 kV CRT EHT rectifier, 3-pin all-glass pigtailed, anode on top wire
DY80 – 23 kV CRT EHT rectifier, noval base
DY86/1S2 – Half-indirectly-heated 18 kV CRT EHT rectifier, noval base, filament internally connected to cathode. Identical to EY86/6S2 and GY86 except for heater ratings
DY87/1S2A – DY86/1S2 with chemically treated envelope to avoid flush-over in high-humidity and low atmospheric-pressure conditions. Identical to EY87/6S2A except for heater ratings
DY802/1BQ2 – Half-indirectly-heated 23 kV CRT EHT rectifier, noval base, filament internally connected to cathode, identical to EY802 and GY802 except for heater ratings
DY900 – Half-indirectly-heated 16 kV CRT EHT rectifier, miniature 7-pin base, filament internally connected to cathode

E - 6.3 V heater

EA

EA40 – 7 kV, 25 mA Diode, 4-pin Rimlock base
EA50/2B35 – Diode for TV detectors, 3+1-pin all-glass pigtailed with anode on top wire
EA52/6923 – Instrumentation rectifier diode up to 1 GHz, 3-pin all-glass pigtailed with anode top cap
EA53 – Co-axial instrumentation rectifier diode up to 1 GHz, all-glass with anode top cap
EA76 (6489) – Diode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 5-pin/pigtails base
EA111 – Diode for time bases, 8-pin base
EA766 (5704) – Diode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 5-pin/pigtails base
EA960 – 100 V_PIV VHF Diode, miniature 7-pin base
EA961 – 2 kV_PIV VHF Diode, miniature 7-pin base
EA962 – 100 V_PIV VHF Diode with extremely small distance between cathode and anode for extended frequency range, miniature 7-pin base

EAA

EAA11 – Dual diode, 8-pin base
EAA91/6AL5 – Dual diode with separate cathodes, miniature 7-pin base, identical to HAA91/12AL5, UAA91 and XAA91/3AL5 except for heater ratings, EB91 with a shorter envelope
EAA171 – Dual diode, separate cathodes, gnome tube
EAA766 – Virtual dual diode for use in homing beacons
EAA901S/5726 – Dual RF diode, miniature 7-pin base

—Special quality:

E91AA – Dual diode, miniature 7-pin base

EAB

EAB1 – Triple diode with common cathode

EABC

EABC80/6AK8 – High-mu triode, triple low-voltage diode (two on common cathode with triode, one with independent cathode). Miniature 9-pin noval base, used as an AF amplifier, AM detector and ratio detector in AC-powered post-war European AM/FM radios. Electronically identical to American types 6AK8 (usually marked 6AK8/EABC80), 6T8, and 6T8A; also DH719. Identical to 5T8, 6T8, HABC80/19T8, PABC80/9AK8 and UABC80/27AK8 except for heater ratings

EAC

EAC91 – Diode/triode UHF mixer

EAF

EAF21 – Diode - pentode, UAF21 with a different heater
EAF41 – Diode - remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode, Rimlock base, UAF41 with a different heater
EAF42/6CT7 – Diode - remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode, Rimlock base
EAF801 – Diode - remote-cutoff pentode, noval base

EAM

EAM86/6GX8 – Diode and side-view, horizontal band-type tuning/level indicator; the diode is to rectify the audio signal when indicating a recording level or a modulation depth

EB

EB1 – Low-power dual diode
EB2 – Low-power dual diode^[112]
EB4 – Low-power dual diode, identical to EB11 or EB34 except for basing
EB11 – Low-power dual diode, identical to EB4 or EB34 except for basing
EB34 – Low-power dual diode, identical to EB4 or EB11 except for basing
EB40 – Low-power dual diode
EB41 – Low-power dual diode, UB41 with a different heater
EB91 – Dual diode with separate cathodes, miniature 7-pin base, for FM ratio detectors, EAA91/6AL5 with a longer envelope

EBC

EBC1 – Low-power dual diode and triode, ABC1 with a different heater
EBC3 – Low-power dual diode and triode
EBC11 – Low-power dual diode and triode
EBC33 – Low-power dual diode and triode, EBC3 with a different base
EBC41 – Shielded low-power dual diode and triode, UBC41 with a different heater, EBC81/6BD7A with a different basing
EBC81/6BD7A – Shielded low-power dual diode and triode, UBC81 with a different heater, EBC41 with a different basing
EBC90/6AT6 – High-mu triode and common cathode dual diode, miniature 7-pin base, HBC90/12AT6 with a different heater
EBC91/6AV6 – High-mu AF triode and common cathode dual diode, for use in FM ratio detectors, miniature 7-pin base, HBC91/12AV6 with a different heater

EBF

EBF1 (6B7) – Common cathode dual diode and remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode^[132]
EBF2 – Common cathode dual diode and remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode, P base, identical to EBF11 and EBF35 except for basing
EBF11 – Common cathode dual diode and RF/IF/AF pentode, Y base, identical to EBF2 and EBF35 except for basing, and to VBF11 except for heater ratings
EBF15 – Dual diode and pentode, UBF15 with a different heater
EBF21 – Common cathode dual diode and remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode^[133]
EBF32 – Common cathode dual diode and remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode, 8-pin base with g1 on cap
EBF35 – Common cathode dual diode and remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode, 8-pin base with g1 on cap, identical to EBF2 and EBF11 except for basing
EBF80/6N8 (WD709) – Common cathode dual diode and remote-cutoff pentode, noval base
EBF83/6DR8 – Common cathode dual diode and low (6.3-50 V) anode voltage pentode for use as IF amplifier, detector and AGC diode in vehicle equipment, noval base
EBF89/6DC8/7125 – Common cathode dual diode and RF/IF pentode, noval base
EBF171 – Dual Diode and remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode; the first gnome tube, a modified and repackaged EBF11
EBF175 – Common cathode dual diode and remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode^[134]

EBL

EBL1 – Dual diode and power pentode, identical to EBL21 and EBL31 except for basing and heater ratings
EBL21 (WD709) – Dual diode and power pentode, identical to EBL1 and EBL31 except for basing and heater ratings
EBL31 – Dual diode and power pentode, identical to EBL1 and EBL21 except for basing and heater ratings
EBL71 – Dual diode and power pentode

EC

EC2 – Triode for use as AF amplifier or as oscillator, 8-pin base, AC2 with a different heater
EC21 – Triode^[135]
EC31 – Triode^[136]
EC40 – VHF Triode up to 500 MHz, EC80 with a different basing
EC41 – UHF oscillator triode, EC81 with a different basing
EC50 – Helium-filled triode thyratron for use as a horizontal sweep, sawtooth waveform generator in oscilloscopes
EC52 – RF triode for use as an oscillator
EC53 – VHF triode for use as an oscillator up to 600 MHz
EC54 – Triode^[137]
EC55/5861 (R243) – 3 GHz, 10 W Disk-seal UHF triode
EC56 – 4 GHz Disk-seal microwave triode
EC57 (EC157) – Disk-seal microwave triode
EC70/6778 – Subminiature UHF triode for use as an oscillator in the 500 MHz range, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base
EC71/5718 – Subminiature UHF triode up tp 1 GHz, for use as an oscillator in the 500 MHz range, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base
EC80/6Q4 – VHF Triode up to 500 MHz
EC81/6R4 – UHF oscillator triode
EC84/6AJ4 – High-mu triode
EC86/6CM4 – UHF triode, PC86/4CM4 with a different heater
EC88/6DL4 – UHF triode, PC88/4DL4 with a different heater. This and the EC86 were often encountered in UHF TV tuners, the latter as a self oscillating mixer
EC90/6C4 – 3.6 W Small-power VHF triode up to 150 MHz; single ECC82/12AU7 system
EC91/6AQ4 – VHF triode up to 250 MHz
EC92/6AB4 – VHF triode for FM receiver frontends, single ECC81/12AT7 system, UC92/9AB4 with a different heater
EC93 – UHF Medium-mu oscillator triode^[138]
EC94/6AF4 – UHF Medium-mu oscillator triode
EC95/6ER5 – VHF triode with variable mutual conductance, identical to PC95/4ER5, XC95/2ER5 except for heater ratings
EC97/6FY5 – Frame-grid VHF triode, identical to PC97/4FY5 and XC97/2FY5 except for heater ratings
EC98 – UHF triode
EC157/8108 – 4 GHz, 12.5 W Disk-seal microwave triode
EC158 – Low-voltage, 4 GHz, 30 W disk-seal microwave triode
EC760 (5718) – Subminiature VHF mixer/oscillator triode up to 500 MHz, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 7-pin/pigtails base
EC860 – 20 mA_avg, 500 mA_pk Helium-filled grid-turn-off triode thyratron e.g. for relaxation oscillators up to 150 kHz, noval base; cf. 6441
EC900/6HA5 – VHF triode, identical to LC900/3HA5 and PC900/4HA5 except for heater ratings
EC903 – RF/IF Triode^[139]

—Special quality:

EC1000/8254 – Triode for use as amplifier in probes
EC1030 – Indirectly heated UHF triode, hot-standby (no cathode current) resistant, all-glass round cross-section body with 8 circular, tinned, 38 mm long wires
EC1031 – EC1030 with 5.5 mm long, gold-plated pins for insertion into a special socket
EC8010/8556 – UHF triode for use as amplifier or oscillator up to 1 GHz
EC8020 – UHF triode
E1C/4671 (955) – Acorn UHF triode
E20C – RF triode for wide band cascode circuits, Loctal B8G base^[113]
E86C (EC806S) – UHF triode up to 800 MHz, gold-plated pins
E88C/8255 – UHF triode for grounded-grid amplifiers, up to 1 GHz

ECC

ECC31 – Common cathodes dual AF power triode, octal base^[140]
ECC32/6SN7 – Separate cathodes dual AF triode, octal base
ECC33 – Separate cathodes, high-mu dual triode for use as a flip-flop, octal base
ECC34 – Separate cathodes, dual triode for use as a CRT vertical-deflection power multivibrator, octal base
ECC35/6SL7 – Separate cathodes, high-mu AF dual triode, octal base
ECC40 – Separate cathodes, AF dual triode, 8-pin Rimlock base
ECC70/6021 – Separate cathodes, subminiature VHF medium-mu dual triode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base
ECC81/12AT7

ECC83/12AX7
(6060, M8162, B309) – High-mu dual triode with a center-tapped heater, for use as RF amplifier/mixer in VHF circuits, noval base
ECC82/12AU7 (6067, M8136, B329) – Medium-mu dual triode with a center-tapped heater for use as AF amplifier, noval base, identical to XCC82/7AU7 except for heater ratings. Two EC90/6C4s in one envelope;^[51] however, it is only specified as an audio frequency device
ECC83/12AX7 (6057, M8137, B339) – High-mu dual triode with a center-tapped heater for use as a high-gain AF amplifier, noval base
ECC84/6CW7 – Dual VHF triode for grounded-grid/cascode amplifiers in TV tuners; section 1 cathode is connected to two adjacent pins and the screen between the two sections is internally connected to the section 2 grid; noval base. Identical to PCC84/7AN7 and UCC84 except for heater ratings
ECC85/6AQ8 – Dual triode for use as VHF oscillator/mixer up to 200 MHz, noval base, identical to HCC85/17EW8, PCC85/9AQ8 and UCC85 except for heater ratings
ECC86/6GM8 – Dual low (6.3-25 V) anode voltage triode, noval base, for use in VHF tuners in vehicle equipment
ECC87/6085 – Renamed to E80CC/6085
ECC88/6DJ8 – Dual triode used as cascode RF amplifier in TV tuners and VHF receiver front ends, or as general-purpose instrumentation dual triode, noval base, PCC88/7DJ8 with a different heater
ECC89/6FC7 – Dual triode used as cascode RF amplifier in TV tuners and VHF receiver front ends, or as general-purpose instrumentation dual triode, noval base

Notes:

All ECC8x have separate cathodes
ECC81, 82 & 83 have the individual triode heaters internally series-connected, with the midpoint on a separate pin, so they could be run on both 6.3 V and 12.6 V (hence RETMA lists them as 12V types), which was useful in dual-system (6V and 12V) car radios
All other ECC8x have no heater midpoint tap; ECC85, 86 & 88 have the freed-up pin being used for an internal screen between the sections

ECC91/6J6 – Common cathode dual VHF triode, miniature 7-pin base
ECC92 – Common cathode dual triode for use as a flip-flop in computers, miniature 7-pin base
ECC99 – Separate cathodes dual RF triode, noval^[114] base
ECC171 – Separate cathodes and separate heaters dual triode, 11-pin gnome tube with internal shield
ECC180/6BQ7A – Separate cathodes, dual VHF triode for cascode amplifiers
ECC186/7316 – Separate cathodes, dual triode for use in digital computers, withstands zero cathode current for extended periods of time
ECC189/6ES8 – Separate cathodes, dual variable-mu VHF triode for cascode amplifiers; identical to PCC189/7ES8, XCC189/4ES8 and YCC189/5ES8 except for heater ratings
ECC230/6AS7G/6080 – Separate cathodes, dual low-mu power^[114] triode for use as series regulator in DC power supplies, servo applications, or as a horizontal booster triode in TV monitors, 8-pin base
ECC801S/6201 – Separate cathodes, dual RF triode
ECC802S/6189 – Separate cathodes, dual AF triode
ECC803S/6057 – Separate cathodes, dual low-microphonics AF triode
ECC804/6GA8 – Separate cathodes, dual triode^[141]
ECC807S – Separate cathodes, dual AF triode for high-gain preamplifiers
ECC808/6KX8 – Separate cathodes, dual AF triode for use as record head output tube in tape recorders
ECC812 – Separate cathodes, dual shielded triode for color TV chrominance outputs in SECAM TV receivers
ECC832/12DW7/7247 – Dual dissimilar AF triode, a combination of one ECC83/12AX7 system for use as a high-gain amplifier and one ECC82/12AU7 system for use as a phase inverter or cathode follower
ECC960 – Common cathode, dual triode for use as a flip-flop in computers

—Special quality:

ECC2000 – VHF separate cathodes, dual triode with neutralization screen, for use in cascode amplifiers up to 300 MHz, 10-pin base
ECC8100 – VHF separate cathodes, dual triode with neutralization screen ("Neutrode") connected to the heater, for use in cascode amplifiers, noval base
E80CC/6085 – Separate cathodes, dual triode for use as DC or AF amplifier
E81CC/6201 – Separate cathodes, dual triode for AF and RF amplifiers, mixers up to 300 MHz, oscillators, impulse circuits; withstands zero cathode current for extended periods of time
E82CC/6189 – Separate cathodes, dual triode for use as amplifier or multivibrator
E83CC/6681 – Separate cathodes, low-microphonics dual triode
E88CC/6922 – Separate cathodes, dual triode, gold-plated pins
E90CC/5920 – Common cathode, dual triode for use as a flip-flop in computers
E92CC – Common cathode, dual triode for use as a flip-flop in computers
E180CC/7062 – Separate cathodes, dual triode for use as a flip-flop in computers
E181CC – Separate cathodes, dual triode for use in digital computers, withstands zero cathode current for extended periods of time
E182CC/7119 – Separate cathodes, dual triode for use as a flip-flop in computers
E188CC/7308 – Separate cathodes, dual triode for use as RF/IF/AF amplifier
E283CC – Separate cathodes, dual triode for use as AF or instrumentation amplifier
E288CC/8223 – Separate cathodes, dual triode for use in IF, RF and cascode amplifiers

ECF

ECF1 – Triode - Pentode
ECF12 – Triode - Pentode, UCF12 with a different heater
ECF80/6BL8 – VHF mixer/oscillator triode/pentode, identical to LCF80/6LN8, PCF80/9A8, UCF80 and XCF80/4BL8 except for heater ratings
ECF82/6U8 – Triode - Pentode. Identical to PCF82/9U8A and XCF82/5U8 except for heater ratings
ECF83 – Triode - remote-cutoff pentode, low microphonics, for vehicle equipment
ECF86/6HG8 – VHF mixer/oscillator triode/pentode, identical to LCF86/5HG8, PCF86/7HG8, 8HG8 and XCF86/4HG8 except for heater ratings
ECF174 – Triode and pentode, gnome tube
ECF200/6X9 – Triode and pentode for use as IF amplifier in TV receivers, decal base, PCF200/8X9 with a different heater
ECF201/6U9 – Triode and pentode for use as IF amplifier and sync sep in TV receivers, decal base, identical to LCF201/5U9 and PCF201/8U9 except for heater ratings
ECF202/6AJ9 – Triode and pentode for use as SECAM chroma signal demodulators in analog color TV receivers, decal base
ECF801/6GJ7 – Triode and remote-cutoff pentode for use as VHF mixer in TV receivers, noval base, identical to LCF801/5GJ7, PCF801/8GJ7 and XCF801/4GJ7 except for heater ratings
ECF802/6JW8 – Triode and pentode for use as reactance and sinewave oscillator in TV receivers, noval base, identical to LCF802/6LX8, PCF802/9JW8 and 5JW8 except for heater ratings
ECF804 – Triode and pentode for use as wide band amplifier, noval base, PCF804 with a different heater
ECF805/6GV7 – Triode and remote-cutoff pentode for use as VHF mixer in TV receivers, noval base, PCF805/7GV7 with a different heater
ECF812 = 6FL2 (EdiSwan) – Triode and low-power beam tetrode, noval base,^[142] PCF812 (=30FL2) with a different heater

—Special quality:

ECF8070 – Triode - Pentode
E80CF/7643 – Triode - Pentode

ECH

ECH2 – Ct8-based Triode/heptode mixer^[143]
ECH3 – Ct8-based Triode/hexode mixer, ECH33 with a different basing
ECH4 – Ct8-based Triode/heptode mixer, ECH21 with a different basing
ECH11 (X143) – Triode/hexode mixer, VCH11 with a different heater
ECH21 (X143) – Triode/heptode mixer, ECH4 with a different basing
ECH33 – Triode/hexode mixer, ECH3 with a different basing
ECH35 (X147) – Triode/hexode mixer
ECH41 – Triode/hexode mixer
ECH42/6CU7 – Remote-cutoff triode/hexode mixer, UCH42 with a different heater
ECH43 – Remote-cutoff triode/hexode mixer, low-microphonics version of ECH42; UCH43 with a different heater
ECH71 – Triode/heptode mixer
ECH80/6AN7 – Triode/hexode mixer^[113]
ECH81/6AJ8 (X719) – Triode/heptode mixer, XCH81/3AJ8 with a different heater
ECH83/6DS8 – Low (6.3-25 V) anode voltage, triode/heptode mixer, for use in vehicle equipment
ECH84/6JX8 – Triode/heptode mixer
ECH171 – Triode/remote-cutoff heptode mixer, gnome tube
ECH200/6V9 – Triode/heptode, for TV sync sep, PCH200 with a different heater

—Special quality:

ECH8000 – Triode/remote-cutoff heptode mixer

ECL

ECL11 – Triode - power tetrode
ECL80/6AB8 – Triode - power pentode
ECL81 – Triode - power pentode. Identical to PCL81 except for heater ratings
ECL82/6BM8 – AF triode - AF power pentode, identical to PCL82/16A8, UCL82/50BM8 and XCL82/8B8 except for heater ratings
ECL83 – Triode - power pentode, PCL83 with a different heater
ECL84/6DX8 – TV sync sep triode - CRT cathode drive power pentode, identical to LCL84/10DX8, PCL84/15DQ8 and XCL84/8DX8 except for heater ratings
ECL85/6GV8 – Triode - power pentode used in TV receivers for vertical timebase, generally as a multivibrator, with the pentode section doubling as one half of the multivibrator and the power output device, identical to LCL85/10GV8, PCL85/18GV8 and XCL85/9GV8 except for heater ratings
ECL86/6GW8 – AF Triode - AF power pentode, used for audio amplification in European TV receivers, PCL86/14GW8 with a different heater
ECL113 – Triode - AF power pentode, Rimlock Pico-8 base
ECL200 – Triode - CRT drive power pentode, decal base, PCL200 with a different heater
ECL802 – Triode - Power pentode for use as vertcal oscillator and output tube in TV receivers
ECL805 – Triode - Power pentode with separate cathodes, PCL805 with a different heater

ECLL

ECLL800 – Triode and dual screened power pentode, for 9.2 W (Class-B) or 8.5 W (Class-AB) AF push-pull power amplifiers. The triode shares its control grid with the 1st pentode and acts as a phase inverter for the 2nd pentode; both pentodes share screen and suppressor grids;^[144] noval base

ED

ED111 – 6 W VHF power triode up to 85 MHz
ED500/6ED4 – Identical to PD500/9ED4 except for heater ratings; considerable X-radiation despite the envelope being fabricated from lead glass
ED501 – 27 kV Color CRT EHT shunt stabilizer triode

—Special quality:

ED8000 – Power triode for use in series-pass voltage regulators

EDD

EDD11 – Dual power triode
EDD171 – Dual high-mu power triode, gnome tube

EE

EE1/4696 (EEP1) – Single-ended secondary emission amplifier for use as a wide band amplifier and phase inverter
EE50 – Single-ended secondary emission amplifier for use in TV receivers

EEL

EEL71 – AF Tetrode - AF power pentode, 8-pin base, for use as audion detector, AF preamplifier, AF power amplifier
EEL171 – Remote-cutoff tetrode and 4-Watt power pentode, gnome tube

EEP

EEP1 See EE1/4696

EF

EF1 – RF/IF Pentode^[112]
EF2 – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode^[112]
EF3 – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode^[112]
EF5 – Remote-cutoff pentode
EF6 – RF Pentode, EF36 with a different basing
EF7 – RF/IF Pentode^[112]
EF8 – Selektode, a remote-cutoff pentode with a beam-forming extra grid between control and screen grids, intended to reduce screen current and hence anode/screen grid distribution noise (technically a hexode), EF38 with an 8-pin, side-contact base
EF9 – Pentode, identical to EF22, EF39/6K7 and EF41/6CJ5 except for basing
EF11 – Remote-cutoff pentode, EF111 with a different basing
EF12 – Pentode, EF112 with a different basing
EF13 – Remote-cutoff pentode
EF14 – Sharp-cutoff pentode, 8-pin base, identical to UF14 and VF14 except for heater ratings
EF15 – Remote-cutoff pentode, UF15 with a different heater
EF21 – Pentode^[145]
EF22 – Pentode, identical to EF9, EF39/6K7 and EF41/6CJ5 except for basing
EF27 – Pentode
EF36 – Pentode, EF6 with a different basing
EF37/6J7 – Sharp-cutoff pentode for use as a tuned RF amplifier, a (second) detector, or an AF amplifier; octal base with control grid on top-cap
EF38 – EF8 with an Octal base^[113]
EF39/6K7 – Remote-cutoff RF pentode for use as an IF amplifier or as a superheterodyne mixer (1st detector). Also used in test equipment. Octal base with control grid on top-cap, identical to EF4, EF22 and EF41/6CJ5 except for basing
EF40 – AF Pentode
EF41/6CJ5 (62VP) – Remote-cutoff pentode, identical to EF4, EF22 and EF39/6K7 except for basing
EF42 – Pentode, EF52 with a different basing
EF43 – Remote-cutoff pentode
EF50 (EF53) – Remote-cutoff pentode for use in the IF stages of 1940s TV and radar receivers
EF51 – Remote-cutoff pentode
EF52 – Pentode, EF42 with a different basing
EF54 – Pentode
EF55 – Pentode
EF70 – Subminiature pentode, suppressor grid available on separate pigtail and internally connected to a separate diode to prevent positive grid voltage, for use as a NAND gate in coincidence circuits; all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base
EF71/5899 (EF731) – Subminiature remote-cutoff pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base
EF72 – Subminiature sharp-cutoff RF pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base
EF73 – Subminiature AF pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base
EF74 – Subminiature, low-microphonics pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base
EF80/6BX6 (Z152) – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF/Video pentode, noval base, identical to XF80/3BX6, 12BX6 and UF80/19BX6 except for heater ratings
EF83 – Remote-cutoff AF pentode, noval base
EF85/6BY7 (W719) – Remote-cutoff wideband RF pentode, noval base, identical to HF85 and XF85 except for heater ratings

EF86/6BK8/6CF8 (6267, Z729) – AF Pentode, also for use in Transitron circuits in TV receivers. Identical to PF86 and UF86 except for heater ratings, noval base
EF89/6DA6 – Remote-cutoff RF pentode, noval base
EF91/6AM6 (6064, Z77, M8083, 8D3) – Sharp-cutoff pentode, Miniature 7-pin base
EF92/6CQ6 (M8161) – Remote-cutoff RF pentode, Miniature 7-pin base
EF93/6BA6 (W727) – Remote-cutoff RF pentode, miniature 7-pin base, HF93/12BA6 with a different heater
EF94/6AU6 – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode, miniature 7-pin base, identical to HF94/12AU6 and XF94/3AU6 except for heater ratings
EF95/6AK5 (5654, 408A, 62H1P, CV4010) – RF Pentode, Miniature 7-pin base
EF96/6AG5 – Pentode, Miniature 7-pin base
EF97/6ES6 – Low (6.3-50 V) anode voltage, remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode, for use in vehicle equipment, Miniature 7-pin base
EF98/6ET6 – Low (6.3-50 V) anode voltage, sharp-cutoff pentode, for use as oscillator or IF/AF amplifier in vehicle equipment, Miniature 7-pin base
EF111 – Remote-cutoff pentode, EF11 with a different basing
EF112 – Pentode, EF12 with a different basing
EF172 – RF/IF/AF Pentode, gnome tube
EF174 – Pentode, gnome tube
EF175 – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode, gnome tube
EF176 – VHF Pentode, gnome tube
EF177 – VHF Pentode, gnome tube
EF183/6EH7 – Frame-grid, remote-cutoff IF pentode for use in TV receivers, identical to LF183/YF183/4EH7 and XF183/3EH7 except for heater ratings^[146]
EF184/6EJ7 – Frame-grid, sharp-cutoff IF pentode for use in TV receivers, identical to LF184/YF184/4EJ7 and XF184/3EJ7 except for heater ratings^[147]
EF410 – RF/IF Pentode, Rimlock B8A base
EF730/5636 – Subminiature dual-control, sharp-cutoff RF/IF pentode for use as a gated or gain-controlled amplifier, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base, similar to 5784
EF731 – Subminiature remote-cutoff RF pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base
EF732 – Subminiature sharp-cutoff RF pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base
EF734 – Subminiature sharp-cutoff RF pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base
EF762 – Subminiature sharp-cutoff RF/IF pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base
EF800 – Long-life sharp-cutoff RF/IF pentode
EF802 – Long-life RF/IF pentode
EF804 – AF low-hum, low-microphonics pentode
EF804S – Ruggedized, long-life version of EF804
EF805S – Long-life remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode
EF806S/6267 – Ruggedized, long-life AF pentode
EF812 – RF/IF Pentode^[148]
EF814 – RF/IF Pentode^[149]
EF816 – Dual-anode pentode for TV receiver sync separation service
EF860 – Long-life sharp-cutoff RF pentode for use as preamplifier in telecomms wide-area receivers. Identical to IF860 except for heater ratings (300mA)

—Special quality:

EF5000 – Secondary emission wide band pentode, noval base
EF8010 – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode
E1F/4672 (954) – Acorn UHF pentode
E2F/4695 (956) – Acorn UHF pentode
E3F – E13F with a hand grip
E13F – Acorn remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF signal/power pentode for portable transceivers
E80F/6084 – AF or electrometer pentode, gold-plated pins
E83F/6689 – Long-life, wide band pentode for use in telephone equipment, gold-plated pins
E90F/6BH6/7693 – RF Pentode
E95F/6AK5W/5654 – Pentode
E99F/6BJ6/7694 – Remote-cutoff RF pentode
E180F/6688 – Wide band pentode, wideband amplifier for professional equipment
E186F/7737 – Wide band pentode, wideband amplifier
E280F/7722 – Wide band pentode, wideband amplifier
E282F – Pentode, wideband amplifier up to 250 MHz
E810F/7788 – Wide band pentode, gold-plated pins

EFF

EFF50 – Dual VHF pentode^[150]
EFF51 – Dual VHF pentode up to 500 MHz

EFL

EFL200/6Y9 – Sync sep pentode and CRT cathode drive power pentode, decal base; identical to LFL200/11Y9 and PFL200/16Y9 except for heater ratings

EFM

EFM1 – Variable-mu AF pentode and top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator; beam control rods internally tied to the floating screen grid on a weak pullup resistor so its DC voltage mirrors the gain-control voltage fed to the control grid together with the audio signal to be amplified
EFM11 – Variable-mu AF pentode and top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator; beam control rods internally tied to the floating screen grid

EFP

EFP60 – Secondary emission wide band pentode for TV amplifiers

EH

EH1 – Remote-cutoff hexode pentagrid converter, separate oscillator^[112]
EH2 – Remote-cutoff heptode pentagrid converter, separate oscillator
EH81 – Heptode
EH90/6CS6 – Dual-control heptode for use in TV receivers
EH171 – Sharp-cutoff heptode, gnome tube
EH860 – Heptode
EH900S/5915 – Dual-control switching heptode, designed for high speed digital computers

—Special quality:

E81H – Heptode
E91H/6687 – Dual-control heptode for use as a NAND gate in a coincidence circuit

EK

EK1 – Octode pentagrid converter^[112]
EK2 – Octode pentagrid converter, similar to AK2, EK32 with a Ct8 base
EK3 – Beam octode pentagrid converter, CK3 with a different heater, similar to AK2, Ct8 base
EK32 – Octode pentagrid converter, EK2 with octal base and top cap
EK90/6BE6 – Heptode pentagrid converter, HK90/12BE6 with a different heater

EL

EL1 – Power Pentode^[112]
EL2 – Power pentode, Ct8 base, grid on top cap, identical to EL32 except for basing
EL3 – Power pentode, Ct8 base, identical to EL11 and EL33 except for basing

EL3G/6V6 – Power pentode, "G" denotes an EL3 with an Octal base

EL5 – Power pentode, identical to AL5 except for heater ratings and to EL35 except for basing
EL6 – Power pentode, identical to EL12 except for basing
EL8 – Power pentode, identical to EL13 except for basing
EL11 – Power pentode, identical to EL3 and EL33 except for basing
EL12 – Power pentode, identical to EL6 except for basing
EL13 – Power pentode, identical to EL8 except for basing
EL20 – Power pentode^[151]
EL22 – Power pentode^[151]
EL30 – Power pentode^[152]
EL31 – Power pentode very similar to EL38/6CN6
EL32 – Power pentode, identical to EL2 except for basing
EL33/6M6G – Power pentode, parallel filament circuits, identical to EL3 and EL11 except for basing
EL34/6CA7 – Power pentode
EL35 – Power pentode, identical to EL5 except for basing
EL36/6CM5 – Audio or CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode, identical to EL12 except for basing and to and XL36/13CM5 except for heater ratings
EL37/6L6 – Power pentode
EL38/6CN6 – Power pentode, PL38 with a different heater
EL39 – Power pentode^[153]
EL41/6CK5 (N150) – Power pentode, EL80 with a different basing
EL42 (N151) – Power pentode, EL85 with a different basing
EL43 – Power pentode^[154]
EL44 – Power pentode, identical to UL44 except for heater ratings
EL50/4654 – 80 W Power pentode
EL51 – 140 W Power pentode
EL53 – Power pentode^[155]
EL54 – Power pentode^[156]
EL60 – Power pentode, EL34 with a different basing
EL70 – Subminiature power pentode, round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base
EL71/5902 – Subminiature 4 W AF power pentode, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base
EL80/6M5 – Power pentode, EL41 with a different basing
EL81/6CJ6 – CRT horizontal deflection or stabilized power supply series regulator pentode^[157]
EL82/6DY5 – CRT vertical deflection or AF power pentode
EL83/6CK6 – CRT cathode drive power pentode
EL84/6BQ5 (N709) – AF Power pentode
EL85/6BN5 – 6 W RF/AF power pentode up to 120 MHz, for use in mobile equipment, EL42 with a different basing
EL86/6CW5 – Audio or CRT vertical deflection output power pentode, identical to LL86/10CW5, PL84/15CW5^[158]^[159] and XL86/8CW5 except for heater ratings
EL90/6AQ5 (N727) – 4.5 W AF Power pentode
EL91/6AM5 (M8082, 709) – 4 W AF Power pentode
EL95/6DL5 – Power pentode
EL112 – Radiation-cooled power transmitter pentode for 85W SW/VHF service, or for AF amplifiers. Identical to EL152 and EL401 except for basing
EL136 – Horizontal-output power pentode for 110° deflection color TV
EL151 – Power pentode
EL152 – Radiation-cooled power transmitter pentode for 85W SW/VHF service, or for AF amplifiers. Identical to EL112 and EL401 except for basing and to FL152 except for heater ratings
EL153 – RF power pentode
EL156 – Power pentode
EL171 – 4-Watts Power pentode, gnome tube
EL172 – 8-Watts Power pentode, gnome tube
EL173 – Power pentode, gnome tube, for TV receivers
EL180/12BY7 – CRT cathode drive power pentode
EL183 – CRT cathode drive power pentode
EL300/6FN5 – CRT horizontal deflection power pentode, octal base, identical to PL300/35FN5 except for heater ratings
EL360 – Power pentode for use in radar scanners, series regulators and pulse modulators
EL401 – Radiation-cooled power transmitter pentode for 85W SW/VHF service, or for AF amplifiers. Identical to EL112 and EL152 except for basing
EL500/6GB5 – CRT horizontal deflection output beam power pentode, magnoval base, identical to LL500/18GB5, PL500/27GB5 and XL500/13GB5 except for heater ratings
EL502 – CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode
EL503/8278 – AF power pentode, magnoval base
EL504 – CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode, PL504 with a different heater
EL505/6KG6 – CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode for color TV, PL505/40KG6 with a different heater
EL508/6KW6 – CRT vertical deflection output power pentode for color TV, PL508/17KW6 with a different heater
EL509/6KG6A – EL505/6KG6 with an increased max. anode dissipation, PL509/40KG6A with a different heater
EL511 – CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode
EL519 – CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode, PL519 with a different heater
EL802/6LD6 – CRT cathode drive power pentode for color TV, PL802 with a different heater
EL803 – Wide band power pentode
EL804 – Wide band power pentode
EL805 – CRT vertical deflection output power pentode, PL805 with a different heater
EL806 – CRT cathode drive power pentode
EL820 – Power pentode^[160]
EL821/6CH6 (6132) – CRT cathode drive power pentode for use in high definition television equipment
EL822 – CRT cathode drive power pentode
EL844 – RF power pentode
EL861 – Long-life sharp-cutoff RF power pentode for use as output amplifier in telecomms wide-area transmitters, identical to IL861 except for heater ratings

—Special quality:

EL3010 – Power pentode
EL5000 – AF power pentode
EL5070/8608 – Wideband video power pentode, magnoval base
EL8000 – Power pentode
E55L/8233 – Wide-band power pentode for use as CRT vertical deflection electrode driver in oscilloscopes
E80L/6227

E80L
– AF Power pentode, gold-plated pins
E81L/6686 – Long-life power pentode for use in telephone equipment, gold-plated pins (No relationship to EL81)
E84L/7320 – Power pentode for use in AF amplifiers and stabilized power supplies
E130L/7534 – Wide band power pentode
E235L/7751 – Power pentode
E236L – Power pentode

ELL

ELL1 – Dual power pentode
ELL80/6HU8 – Dual AF power pentode, miniature 9-pin base, PLL80/12HU8 with a different heater

EM

EM1 (4678) – Top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, Ct8 Base
EM2 – Top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator; has a 6.3 V/200 mA heater and was therefore marketed as C/EM2; identical AM2 except for heater ratings
EM3 – Top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator^[161]
EM4 – Dual-sensitivity, top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, EM34 with a Ct8 Base
EM5 – Dual-sensitivity, top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, EM11 or EM35 with a Ct8 Base
EM11 – Dual-sensitivity, top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, EM5 or EM35 with an 8-pin base
EM31 – Top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator^[162]
EM34/6CD7 – Dual-sensitivity, top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, EM4 with a different base
EM35 – Dual-sensitivity, top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, EM5 or EM11 with a different base

Note: Telefunken EM35s appear to have a different pin-out than examples from other manufacturers^[163]

EM71 – Top-view, fan-type tuning indicator with an unusual offset cathode,^[164] octal B8D/F base, HM71 with a different heater
EM72 – EM71 with two segments of the fluorescent screen uncoated with phosphor, intended for indicating low and peak levels but not average level, useless for tuning but intended for recording level indication
EM80/6BR5 – Side-view, fan-type tuning indicator for AM receivers, noval B9A base
EM81/6DA5 – EM80/6BR5 with 25% greater sensitivity
EM83 – Side-view, "Magic Balance" band-type dual-channel tuning/level indicator, two DC amplifier triodes and one electron gun for two separate screen anodes, noval B9A base, mainly for stereo use in tape recorders
EM84/6DH7/6FG6 – Side-view, band-type tuning/level indicator, noval B9A base

EM84a – Improved EM84 with twice the sensitivity^[165]

EM85 – Side-view, fan-type tuning indicator, identical to HM85 and UM85 except for heater ratings

EM85E – Band-type drop-in replacement for EM85^[166]

EM87/6HU6 (CV10407) – Side-view, band-type tuning/level indicator, noval B9A base
EM171 – Dual-sensitivity, top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, gnome tube^[167]
EM800 – Side-view, band-type tuning/level indicator, noval B9A base
EM840 – Side-view, band-type tuning/level indicator, noval B9A base

—Special quality:

E82M – Side-view, rectangle-type dual-channel level indicator, two DC amplifier triodes control separate deflection rods before a 17mmx20mm screen anode, noval B9A base

EMM

EMM801 – Side-view, dual, band-type indicator with brightness control, for voltage comparison
EMM803 – Side-view, dual, band-type tuning indicator for FM-stereo receivers (field strength, 19kHz pilot present), noval B9A base

EN

EN31 – 10 mA_avg, 750 mA_peak, Helium-filled, indirectly heated triode thyratron for high-frequency timebases and control equipment, international octal base with anode cap
EN32/6574 – 300 mA_avg, 2 A_peak, 10 A_surge, Gas-filled, indirectly heated tetrode thyratron with negative control characteristic; for industrial control applications, international octal base
EN70 – 20 mA_avg, 100 mA_peak, Subminiature, gas-filled, indirectly heated tetrode thyratron with negative control characteristic, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base
EN91/2D21 (PL21, PL2D21, CV797) – 100 mA_avg, 500 mA_peak, 10 A_surge, Gas-filled, indirectly heated tetrode thyratron, negative starter voltage, miniature 7-pin base, for relay and grid-controlled rectifier service
EN92 (5696) – 25 mA_avg, 100 mA_peak, 2 A_surge, Gas-filled, indirectly heated tetrode thyratron, negative starter voltage, miniature 7-pin base, for industrial control

EQ

EQ40 – Nonode for FM quadrature detection
EQ80/6BE7 – Nonode for FM quadrature detection or as phase detector in TV flywheel sync circuits^[168]
EQ171 – Nonode, gnome tube

ES

ES111 – TV sync oscillator (German: Kipp-Pentode), a special power relaxation oscillator pentode, an attempt to cut costs on TV receiver production; one ES111 each were needed for vertical and horizontal deflection; the output power for the deflection yoke was extracted not from the anode, but from the screen grid, the sync pulses were applied to the suppressor grid via a separate pin. The anode acted only as a small-signal amplified/gated-sync output which was added to the feedback from an auxiliary winding on the deflection yoke, and fed to the control grid. As there was no vertical deflection output transformer, a secondary, magnetically decoupled vertical deflection yoke received a variable, smoothed-out part of the screen grid current to compensate for its DC component in the primary vertical deflection yoke; it was variable to adjust the vertical picture position on the CRT screen. The screen grid delivered enough power even for an EHT winding on the horizontal deflection output transformer and for the 6.3V/0.2A heater of an RFG5 16-kV EHT rectifier.^[169]^[170]^[171]^[172] German 5+3-pin steel tube base with 2 unused pins, screen grid on top cap; compare US111

ET

ET51 – Trochotron, an electron-beam decade counter tube

—Special quality:

E1T/6370 – Trochotron with side-viewing, fluorescent-screen readout
E80T/6218 (CV5724) – Modulated, single-anode beam deflection tube for pulse generation up to 375 MHz; shock resistant up to 500 g^[80]^[79]^[81]^[82]

EW

EW60 – 700 V_PIV, 400 mA, Gas-filled, half-wave rectifier, 9-pin Loctal base with 2 unused pins^[113]

EY

EY1 – Half-wave rectifier, EY51 with a different base
EY51/6X2 – Half-wave rectifier, pigtailed version of EY1
EY70 – 850 V half-wave rectifier, all-glass round cross-section body, circular 8-pin/pigtails base
EY80 – TV horizontal output booster diode, identical to PY80 except for heater ratings
EY81/6R3 – TV horizontal output booster diode
EY82/6N3 – Half-wave rectifier, PY82/19Y3 with a different heater
EY83 – TV horizontal output booster diode, PY83 with a different heater
EY84 – Half-wave rectifier for operation at high altitudes
EY86/6S2 – Half-wave, CRT EHT rectifier, anode on top cap, identical to DY86/1S2 and GY86 except for heater ratings
EY87/6S2A – Half-wave, CRT EHT rectifier, anode on top cap, identical to DY87/1S2A except for heater ratings. Electrically identical to DY86/EY86 but glass envelope treated for high humidity or low pressure conditions
EY88/6AL3 – TV horizontal output booster diode, identical to LY88/20AQ3, PY88/30AE3 and XY88/16AQ3 except for heater ratings
EY91 – Half-wave rectifier
EY500A/6EC4A – Identical to PY500A except for heater ratings
EY802 – Half-wave, CRT EHT rectifier, anode on top cap, identical to DY802/1BQ2 and GY802 except for heater ratings

—Special quality:

EY3000 – 800 V, 750 mA Half-wave rectifier

EYY

EYY13 – Dual power diode, separate cathodes

EZ

EZ1 – 250 V, 50 mA Full-wave power rectifier for 6V car radios, identical to FZ1 except for heater ratings
EZ2 – Full-wave power rectifier
EZ3 – Full-wave power rectifier
EZ4 – Full-wave power rectifier
EZ11 – Full-wave power rectifier for vehicle equipment
EZ12 – Full-wave power rectifier
EZ22 – Full-wave power rectifier
EZ35/6X5 – Full-wave power rectifier
EZ40 – Full-wave power rectifier, GZ40 with a different heater
EZ41 – Full-wave power rectifier
EZ80/6V4 – Full-wave power rectifier
EZ81/6CA4 – Full-wave power rectifier
EZ90/6X4 – Full-wave power rectifier
EZ91 – Full-wave power rectifier
EZ150 – Full-wave power rectifier, separate cathodes
EZ900/6063 – Full-wave power rectifier^[173]

—Special quality:

E90Z/6063 – Full-wave power rectifier

F - 12.6 V heater

FDD

FDD20 – Common cathode dual power triode, available with two different pinouts^[174]

FL

FL152 – Identical to EL152 except for heater ratings

FZ

FZ1 – 250 V, 50 mA Full-wave power rectifier for 12V car radios, identical to EZ1 except for heater ratings

G - 5.0 V heater or misc.

GA

GA560 – Directly heated saturated-emission vacuum noise diode, 2.5 to 3,5 V/1.9 to 2.2 A heater, all-glass, 3-pin base

GY

GY11 – Half-wave power rectifier, 2.5 V/5 A heater, anode on top cap
GY86 – Half-wave, CRT EHT power rectifier, 2.6 V/300 mA heater, anode on top cap, identical to DY86/1S2 and EY86/6S2 except for heater ratings
GY501/3BH2 – Half-wave, CRT EHT power rectifier for color TV, 3.15 V/400 mA heater, anode on top cap
GY802 – Half-wave, CRT EHT power rectifier, 2.6 V/310 mA heater, anode on top cap, identical to DY802/1BQ2 and EY802 except for heater ratings

GZ

These tubes all have a 5.0 V heater

GZ30/5Z4-G/5AQ4 – Full-wave power rectifier
GZ32/5V4 – Full-wave power rectifier
GZ33 – Full-wave power rectifier
GZ34/5AR4 – Full-wave power rectifier
GZ37 – Full-wave power rectifier
GZ40 – Full-wave power rectifier, EZ40 with a different heater
GZ41 – Full-wave power rectifier

H - 150 mA heater

HAA

HAA91/12AL5 – Dual diode with separate cathodes, miniature 7-pin base, identical to EAA91/6AL5, UAA91 and XAA91/3AL5 except for heater ratings

HABC

HABC80/19T8 – High-mu triode, triple diode (two on common cathode with triode, one with independent cathode), miniature 9-pin, used as an AF amplifier, AM detector and ratio detector in AC-powered post-war European AM/FM radios; identical to 5T8, 6T8, EABC80/6AK8, PABC80/9AK8 and UABC80/27AK8 except for heater ratings

HBC

HBC90/12AT6 – High-mu triode and common cathode dual diode, miniature 7-pin base, EBC90/6AT6 with a different heater
HBC91/12AV6 – High-mu AF triode and common cathode dual diode, for use in FM ratio detectors, miniature 7-pin base, EBC91/6AV6 with a different heater

HCC

HCC85/17EW8 – Dual triode for use as VHF mixer up to 200 MHz, noval base, identical to ECC85/6AQ8, PCC85/9AQ8 and UCC85 except for heater ratings

HCH

HCH81 – Remote-cutoff triode/heptode mixer, noval base, UCH81/19D8 with a different heater

HF

HF85 – Remote-cutoff wideband RF Pentode, identical to EF85/6BY7 and XF85 except for heater ratings
HF93/12BA6 – Remote-cutoff pentode, miniature 7-pin base, EF93/6BA6 with a different heater
HF94/12AU6 – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode, miniature 7-pin base, identical to EF94/6AU6 and XF94/3AU6 except for heater ratings

HK

HK90/12BE6 – Heptode pentagrid converter, miniature 7-pin, EK90/6BE6 with a different heater

HL

HL84 – Audio power pentode, noval base, UL84 with a different heater
HL90 – Audio power pentode, miniature 7-pin, EL90 with a different heater
HL92/50C5 – Audio beam power pentode, miniature 7-pin
HL94/30A5 – Audio power pentode, miniature 7-pin

HM

HM34 – Dual-sensitivity, top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, EM34 with different heater ratings, UM4 with different basing and heater ratings
HM71 – Top-view, fan-type tuning indicator, octal B8D/F base, EM71 with a different heater
HM85 – Side-view, fan-type tuning indicator, identical to EM85 and UM85 except for heater ratings

HY

HY90/35W4 – Half-wave rectifier, miniature 7-pin

I - 20 V heater

IF

IF860 – Long-life sharp-cutoff RF pentode for use as preamplifier in telecomms wide-area receivers, identical to EF860 except for heater ratings (95mA)

IL

IL861 – Long-life sharp-cutoff RF power pentode for use as output amplifier in telecomms wide-area transmitters, identical to EL861 except for heater ratings

K - 2.0 V heater

KA

KA560 (6357) – Gas-filled, directly heated noise diode for the 10 cm band, waveguide output, BA15d lamp base with anode top cap
KA561 (6356) – Gas-filled, directly heated noise diode for the 7.5 cm band, waveguide output, BA15d lamp base with anode top cap
KA562 (6358) – Gas-filled, directly heated noise diode for the 3 cm band, waveguide output, BA15d lamp base with anode top cap
KA563 (6359) – Gas-filled, directly heated noise diode for the 1.25 cm band, waveguide output, BA15d lamp base with anode top cap
K50A (6358) – Neon-filled, directly heated noise diode for the 3 cm band, waveguide output, BA15d lamp base with anode top cap
K51A – Neon-filled, directly heated noise diode for the 10 cm band, waveguide output, BA15d lamp base with anode top cap
K81A – Directly heated saturated-emission vacuum VHF noise diode, noval base

KB

KB1 – Directly heated dual diode with common cathode, poor performance as an AM detector lead to the introduction of the KB2; see introduction
KB2 – Indirectly heated dual diode with common cathode

KBC

KBC1 – Dual diode - triode
KBC32 – Dual diode - triode

KC

KC1 – Triode
KC3 – Triode
KC4 – Triode
KC50 – Triode^[175]
KC51 – Triode^[176]

KCF

KCF30 – Triode and remote-cutoff pentode, oscillator/mixer

KCH

KCH1 – Triode/hexode mixer

KD

KD50 – Power triode^[177]

KDD

KDD1 – 1.5 W Dual power triode

KE

KE50 – Power triode^[178]

KF

KF1 – RF/IF Pentode
KF2 – RF/IF Pentode
KF3 – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode
KF4 – RF/IF Pentode
KF7 – RF/IF Pentode^[112]
KF8 – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode^[112]
KF35 – Remote-cutoff RF pentode

KH

KH1 – Hexode pentagrid converter

KK

KK1 – Octode pentagrid converter^[179]
KK2 – Octode pentagrid converter, KK32 with a different base
KK32 – Octode pentagrid converter, KK2 with a different base

KL

KL1 – Power pentode
KL2 – Power pentode
KL4 – Power pentode
KL5 – Power pentode
KL35 – 340 mW Power pentode

KLL

KLL3 – Dual power pentode^[180]
KLL32 – 1.2W Dual power pentode

KY

KY80/2J2 = U26 (EdiSwan) – CRT EHT rectifier, noval base

L - 450 mA heater

LC

LC900/3HA5 – VHF triode, identical to EC900/6HA5 and PC900/4HA5 except for heater ratings

LCF

LCF80/6LN8 – VHF mixer/oscillator triode/pentode, identical to ECF80/6BL8, PCF80/9A8, UCF80 and XCF80/4BL8 except for heater ratings^[181]
LCF86/5HG8 – VHF mixer/oscillator triode/pentode, identical to ECF86/6HG8, PCF86/7HG8, 8HG8 and XCF86/4HG8 except for heater ratings^[182]
LCF201/5U9 – Triode and pentode for use as IF amplifier and sync sep in TV receivers, decal base, identical to ECF201/6U9 and PCF201/8U9 except for heater ratings^[183]
LCF801/5GJ7 – Medium-mu triode and sharp-cutoff pentode for use as VHF mixer in TV receivers, noval base, identical to ECF801/6GJ7, PCF801/8GJ7 and XCF801/4GJ7 except for heater ratings^[184]
LCF802/6LX8 – Medium-mu triode and sharp-cutoff pentode for use as reactance and sinewave oscillator in TV receivers, noval base, identical to ECF802/6JW8, PCF802/9JW8 and 5JW8 except for heater ratings^[185]

LCL

LCL84/10DX8 – High-mu TV sync sep triode - sharp-cutoff CRT cathode drive power pentode, identical to ECL84/6DX8, PCL84/15DQ8 and XCL84/8DX8 except for heater ratings^[186]
LCL85/10GV8 – Triode - power pentode used in TV receivers for vertical timebase, generally as a multivibrator, with the pentode section doubling as one half of the multivibrator and the power output device, identical to ECL85/6GV8, PCL85/18GV8 and XCL85/9GV8 except for heater ratings^[187]

LF

LF183/YF183/4EH7 – Frame-grid, remote-cutoff IF pentode for use in TV receivers, identical to EF183/6EH7 and XF183/3EH7 except for heater ratings^[146]^[188]
LF184/YF184/4EJ7 – Frame-grid, sharp-cutoff IF pentode for use in TV receivers, identical to EF184/6EJ7 and XF184/3EJ7 except for heater ratings^[147]^[189]

LFL

LFL200/11Y9 – Sync sep pentode - CRT cathode drive power pentode, decal base; identical to EFL200/6Y9 and PFL200/16Y9 except for heater ratings^[190]

LL

LL86/10CW5 – Audio or CRT vertical deflection output power pentode, identical to EL86/6CW5, PL84/15CW5^[158]^[159] and XL86/8CW5 except for heater ratings
LL500/18GB5 – CRT horizontal deflection beam power pentode, magnoval base, identical to EL500/6GB5, PL500/27GB5 and XL500/13GB5 except for heater ratings^[191]

LY

LY88/20AQ3 – TV horizontal output booster diode, identical to EY88/6AL3, PY88/30AE3 and XY88/16AQ3 except for heater ratings^[192]

M - 1.9 V heater

MC

MC1 = RL2T15 – AF triode for use in audions^[193]^[194]^[195]

MF

MF2 = RV2P800 – RF pentode^[196]^[194]^[195]
MF6 = RV2P7 – RF pentode^[197]

N - 12.6 V heater

ND

ND4 – 600 MHz, 10 W VHF power triode^[198]

NF

NF2 – Sharp-cutoff RF pentode;^[199]^[194] identical to AF7 and CF7 except for heater ratings, and also produced by JRC in the then-axis power of Japan^[200]
NF3 – Remote-cutoff RF pentode^[201]^[194] identical to CF2 except for heater ratings
NF4 = RV12P4000 – RF pentode^[202]^[194]
NF6 = RV12P2000 – RF pentode^[203]^[195] also produced by JRC in Japan^[200]

O - No heater

Notes:

The semiconductors had a different function letter scheme^[22]
Gas-filled cold-cathode tubes were shifted to Z before their mass production in Europe started, but before that, most producers published RETMA 0-prefix tube data appearantly under this letter: OA2, OA3, OB2, OB3, OC2, OC3, OD3, etc.
Philips sold a family of 150mA series heater tubes under this letter in South America: OBC3, OBF2, OCH4, OH4, OF1, OF5, OF9 and OM5

OA

OA5 – 100 V, 150 mA Germanium gold-bonded point-contact diode
OA85 – 90 V, 50 mA Germanium point-contact diode
OA127 – 19 V, 40 mA Silicon diode
OA214 – 700 V, 500 mA Silicon diode
OA262 – 200 V, 15 A Silicon diode
OA1154Q – Quad germanium point-contact diode
OA1182 – 80 V, 150 mA Germanium diode

OAP

OAP12 – Germanium photodiode, all-glass pigtailed, black-tinted except top dome, max. sensitivity at λ = 1.55 μm

OAZ

OAZ200 – 4.7 V, 420 mW Silicon zener diode
OAZ292 – 9.1 V, 7 W Silicon zener diode

OC

OC2 – Germanium PNP bipolar junction transistor, β > 20
OC43 – 15 V, 50 mA Germanium PNP transistor, β: 50...200
OC44 – 15 V, 5 mA Germanium PNP transistor, β: 100
OC45 – 15 V, 5 mA Germanium PNP transistor, β: 50
OC46 – 20 V, 100 mA Germanium PNP transistor, β: 20...80
OC47 – 20 V, 100 mA Germanium PNP transistor, β: 50...200

Note: The German Clevite-Intermetall sold their first lineup of silicon PNP transistors initially under these same type numbers OC43...47; when this became clear, they appended a 0 to their type numbers, henceforth selling this line as OC430...470^[204]

OC50 – 20 V, 1.5 mA Germanium PNP point-contact transistor, β: 2.1
OC70 – 30 V, 10 mA Germanium PNP transistor, black-tinted all-glass pigtailed, β: 30
OC71 – 30 V, 10 mA Germanium PNP transistor, black-tinted all-glass pigtailed, β: 47
OC141 – 20 V, 400 mA Germanium NPN transistor, β: 150
OC170 – 20 V, 10 mA Germanium NPN transistor, β: 100
OC200 – 25 V, 50 mA Silicon NPN transistor, β: 15...60
OC430 – 10 V, 50 mA Silicon PNP transistor, β: 10...20
OC440 – 30 V, 50 mA Silicon PNP transistor, β: 10...20
OC450 – 75 V, 50 mA Silicon PNP transistor, β: >10
OC460 – 10 V, 50 mA Silicon PNP transistor, β: >20
OC470 – 30 V, 50 mA Silicon PNP transistor, β: >20
OC604 – 10 V, 50 mA Germanium PNP AF transistor, black-tinted all-glass pigtailed, β: 45
OC604spez. – 15 V, 500 mA Germanium PNP AF power transistor, OC604 with improved internal heat transfer and a cooling fin
OC703 – 80 V, 50 mA Silicon PNP transistor, β: 10...25
OC800 – 50 V, 10 mA Silicon FET (Clevite-Intermetall), µ: 4.5, g_m: 50 μ℧

OCP

OCP70

OCP71
Germanium PNP phototransistor, OC70 without black tint, max. sensitivity at λ = 1.55 μm
OCP71 – Germanium PNP phototransistor, OC71 without black tint, max. sensitivity at λ = 1.55 μm

OD

OD650 – 60 V, 15 A, 45 W Germanium AF PNP power transistor, β: 80
OD652 – 60 V, 30 A, 45 W Germanium AF PNP power transistor, β: 50
OD750 – 100 V, 2 A, 150 W Silicon AF NPN power transistor, β: 30
OD751 – 100 V, 5 A, 150 W Silicon AF NPN power transistor, β: 30

ORP

ORP10/7632 – InSb mid-infrared photoresistor, top window, 2-pin pigtailed, max. sensitivity at λ = 6 μm
ORP11/7633 – CdS photoresistor (LDR), top window, 3-pin base, max. sensitivity at λ = 675 nm
ORP12/LDR03 – CdS photoresistor, top window, 2-pin pigtailed, max. sensitivity at λ = 675 nm
ORP13 – InSb mid-infrared photoresistor in a liquid nitrogen dewar, side window via mirror, max. sensitivity at λ = 4.5...5.4 μm
ORP14/RPY14 – CdS photoresistor, side window, 2-pin gold-plated pigtailed, max. sensitivity at λ = 675 nm
ORP30 – 350 V_max CdS photoresistor, top window, 4-pin octal base, max. sensitivity at λ = 675 nm
ORP31 – 350 V_max CdS photoresistor, top window, 4-pin octal base
ORP50 – 350 V_max CdS photoresistor, top/side window, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed, max. sensitivity at λ = 675 nm
ORP60, ORP61 – 350 V_max CdS photoresistor, ORP60 top window, ORP61 side window, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed, max. sensitivity at λ = 675 nm
ORP62 – 350 V_max CdS photoresistor, side window, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed, max. sensitivity at λ = 675 nm
ORP63 – 75 V_max CdS photoresistor, side window, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed, max. sensitivity at λ = 675 nm
ORP90 – 350 V_max CdS photoresistor, side window, miniature 7-pin base, max. sensitivity at λ = 675 nm

OY

OY2 – 100 V, 200 mA Germanium half-wave rectifier
OY114 – 200 V, 1 A Germanium half-wave rectifier
OY252 – 200 V, 500 mA Silicon half-wave rectifier
OY5066 – 600 V, 10 A Silicon half-wave rectifier
OY6047 – 700 V, 1 A Silicon half-wave rectifier

P - 300 mA heater

Note: Philips sold a family of 300mA series heater tubes under this letter in South America: PAB1, PBF2, PF9, PH4 and PM5

PABC

PABC80/9AK8 – High-mu triode, triple low-voltage diode (two on common cathode with triode, one with independent cathode). Miniature 9-pin noval base, used as an AF amplifier, AM detector and ratio detector in AC-powered post-war European AM/FM radios and TV receivers; identical to EABC80/6AK8, 5T8, 6T8/6T8A, HABC80/19T8, UABC80/27AK8 and DH719 except for heater ratings

PC

PC86/4CM4 – UHF Triode, EC86/6CM4 with a different heater
PC88/4DL4 – UHF Triode, EC88/6DL4 with a different heater
PC92 – RF Triode
PC93 – Triode
PC95/4ER5 – VHF Triode with variable mutual conductance, identical to EC95/6ER5, XC95/2ER5 except for heater ratings
PC96 – Triode
PC97/4FY5 – Frame-grid VHF triode, identical to EC97/6FY5 and XC97/2FY5 except for heater ratings
PC900/4HA5 – VHF Triode, identical to EC900/6HA5 and LC900/3HA5 except for heater ratings

PCC

PCC84/7AN7 – Dual triode for VHF cascode amplifiers, noval base. Identical to ECC84/6CW7 and UCC84 except for heater ratings
PCC85/9AQ8 – Dual triode for use as VHF oscillator/mixer up to 200 MHz, noval base, identical to ECC85/6AQ8, HCC85/17EW8 and UCC85 except for heater ratings
PCC88/7DJ8 – Dual triode for use as cascode amplifiers, ECC88/6DJ8 with a different heater
PCC89 – Dual variable-mu triode for use as cascode amplifiers up to 220 MHz
PCC189/7ES8 – Dual variable-mu VHF triode for cascode amplifiers; identical to ECC189/6ES8, XCC189/4ES8 and YCC189/5ES8 except for heater ratings

PCF

PCF80/9A8 – VHF mixer/oscillator triode/pentode, identical to ECF80/6BL8, LCF80/6LN8, UCF80 and XCF80/4BL8 except for heater ratings
PCF82/9U8A – Identical to ECF82/6U8 and XCF82/5U8 except for heater ratings
PCF86/7HG8 – VHF mixer/oscillator triode/pentode, identical to ECF86/6HG8, LCF86/5HG8, 8HG8 and XCF86/4HG8 except for heater ratings
PCF87 = 30C17 (EdiSwan) – Triode and remote-cutoff pentode for use as VHF mixer in TV receivers^[205]
PCF200/8X9 – Triode and pentode for use as IF amplifier in TV receivers, decal base, ECF200/6X9 with a different heater
PCF201/8U9 – Triode and pentode for use as IF amplifier and sync sep in TV receivers, decal base, identical to ECF201/6U9 and LCF201/5U9 except for heater ratings
PCF800 (30C15) – Triode and pentode for use as VHF mixer in TV receivers
PCF801/8GJ7 – Triode and remote-cutoff pentode for use as VHF mixer in TV receivers, noval base, identical to ECF801/6GJ7, LCF801/5GJ7 and XCF801/4GJ7 except for heater ratings
PCF802/9JW8 – Triode and pentode for use as reactance and sinewave oscillator in TV receivers, noval base, identical to ECF802/6JW8, LCF802/6LX8 and 5JW8 except for heater ratings
PCF803 – PCF801/8GJ7 with separate cathodes
PCF805/7GV7 – Triode and remote-cutoff pentode for use as VHF mixer in TV receivers, noval base, ECF805/6GV7 with a different heater
PCF806 – Triode and sharp-cutoff, frame-grid pentode for use as VHF mixer in TV receivers
PCF812 = 30FL2 (EdiSwan) – Triode and low-power beam tetrode, noval base,^[142] ECF812 (=6FL2) with a different heater

PCH

PCH200/9V9 – Triode/heptode, for TV sync sep, ECH200/6V9 with a different heater

PCL

PCL81 – Identical to ECL81 except for heater ratings
PCL82/16A8 – AF triode - AF power pentode, identical to ECL82/6BM8, UCL82/50BM8 and XCL82/8B8 except for heater ratings
PCL83 – Triode - power pentode, ECL83 with a different heater
PCL84/15DQ8 – TV sync sep triode - CRT cathode drive power pentode, identical to ECL84/6DX8, LCL84/10DX8 and XCL84/8DX8 except for heater ratings
PCL85/18GV8 – Triode - power pentode used in TV receivers for vertical timebase, generally as a multivibrator, with the pentode section doubling as one half of the multivibrator and the power output device, identical to ECL85/6GV8, LCL85/10GV8 and XCL85/9GV8 except for heater ratings
PCL86/14GW8 – AF Triode - AF power pentode, used for audio amplification in European TV receivers, ECL86/6GW8 with a different heater
PCL88 = 30PL14 (EdiSwan) – Triode - power pentode^[206]
PCL200 – Triode - CRT drive power pentode, ECL200 with a different heater
PCL800 = 30PL13 (EdiSwan) – Triode - power pentode^[207]
PCL802 – Triode - power pentode
PCL805 – Triode - power pentode, ECL805 with a different heater

PD

PD500/9ED4 – 25 kV Color CRT EHT shunt stabilizer triode; considerable X-radiation despite the envelope being fabricated from lead glass; may be replaced by the PD510 after rewiring the arc-safety shield pin of the socket. Identical to ED500/6ED4 except for heater ratings
PD510 – PD500 with a higher PbO content in the glass, improving the X-radiation screening,^[48] and therefore should never be replaced by a PD500 in equipment designed for the PD510^[208]

PF

PF83 – AF remote-cutoff pentode for use as a VCA in remotely controllable TV receivers
PF86 – AF Pentode, also for use in Transitron circuits in TV receivers. Identical to EF86/6BK8/6CF8 and UF86 except for heater ratings

PFL

PFL200/16Y9 – Sync sep pentode and CRT cathode drive power pentode, decal base; identical to EFL200/6Y9 and LFL200/11Y9 except for heater ratings

PL

PL11 – Power pentode
PL33 – CRT vertical deflection or AF output power pentode
PL36/25E5 – British high voltage high frequency switching pentode valve. Used in TV receivers for horizontal output and/or EHT generation up to c1964. Octal base, anode connection cap on the top of the valve. Last consumer electronics use DECCA series DR101, 202, 303, 404, 505, 606 monochrome receivers
PL38 – CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode, EL38/6CN6 with a different heater

PL38M – PL38 with an externally metalised envelope on a separate pin^[209]

PL81/21A6 – AF, or CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode

PL81A – Similar to PL81 but optimised for portable television designs

PL82/16A5 – AF, or CRT vertical deflection output power pentode
PL83/15A6 = N309 (Marconi) – CRT cathode drive power pentode
PL84/15CW5 – Audio or CRT vertical deflection output power pentode, identical to EL86/6CW5,^[158] LL86/10CW5 and XL86/8CW5^[159] except for heater ratings
PL95 – AF Power pentode
PL136 – Color TV 110° horizontal deflection output power pentode, octal base
PL300/35FN5 – CRT horizontal deflection power pentode, octal base, identical to EL300/6FN5 except for heater ratings
PL500/27GB5/28GB5 – CRT horizontal deflection beam power pentode, magnoval base, identical to EL500/6GB5, LL500/18GB5 and XL500/13GB5 except for heater ratings
PL502 – CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode
PL504 – CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode, replacement for PL500, EL504 with a different heater
PL505/40KG6 – CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode for color TV, EL505/6KG6 with a different heater
PL508/17KW6 – CRT vertical deflection output power pentode for color TV, EL508/6KW6 with a different heater
PL509/40KG6A – PL505/40KG6 with an increased max. anode dissipation, EL509/6KG6A with a different heater
PL511 – CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode
PL519 – CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode, EL519 with a different heater
PL521/29KQ6 – CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode, separate pin for grid 3 to minimize "snivets", magnoval base, identical to 21KQ6 except for heater ratings
PL802 – CRT cathode drive output pentode for color TV, EL802/6LD6 with a different heater
PL805 – CRT vertical deflection output power pentode, EL805 with a different heater
PL820 – CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode^[209]

PLL

PLL80/12HU8 – Dual AF power pentode, ELL80/6HU8 with a different heater

PM

PM84 – Side-view, band-type tuning/level indicator for use in TV receivers, UM84/12FG6 with a different heater

PY

PY31 – Half-wave rectifier
PY32 – Half-wave rectifier
PY33 – Half-wave rectifier
PY71 – Half-wave rectifier
PY80 – TV horizontal output booster diode, EY80 with a different heater
PY81/17Z3 – TV horizontal output booster diode
PY82/19Y3 – Half-wave rectifier, EY82/6N3 with a different heater
PY83 – Half-wave rectifier, EY83 with a different heater
PY88/30AE3 – TV horizontal output booster diode, identical to EY88/6AL3, LY88/20AQ3 and XY88/16AQ3 except for heater ratings
PY500A/42EC4A – TV horizontal output booster diode for color TV; identical to EY500A/6EC4A except for heater ratings
PY800 – TV horizontal output booster diode
PY801 – TV horizontal output booster diode^[210]

PZ

PZ30 – Dual 200 mA rectifier diode, separate cathodes, octal base, for use as a voltage doubler in TV receivers

S - 1.9 V heater

SA

SA100 – Instrumentation rectifier diode up to 3 GHz^[211]
SA101 – Instrumentation rectifier diode^[212]
SA102 – Instrumentation rectifier diode^[213]

SD

SD1A – Shortwave power triode^[214]^[194]^[195]
SD3 – 750 MHz, 3.5 W VHF power triode^[215]

SF

SF1A – Sharp-cutoff RF pentode,^[216] NF6 resp. RV12P2000 with a different heater

T - Custom heater

Note: Tungsram preceded the M-P designation with the letter T, as in TAD1 for AD1

TY

TY86F – 7.4 V, 77 mA heater version of the EY86 18-kV CRT EHT rectifier,^[209] for use as a hotfix in early-production Ferguson Radio Corporation TV receivers 306T and 308T^[217] where the horizontal-output transformer produced excessive heater voltage which destroyed the originally fitted EY86's

U - 100 mA heater

Notes:

Ultron (MBLE)^(fr, nl) preceded the M-P designation with the letter U, as in UAD1 for AD1
Philips sold a family of 100mA series heater tubes under this letter in South America: UBC1, UBF2, UF8 and UL1

UAA

UAA11 – Dual diode with separate cathodes
UAA91 – Dual diode with separate cathodes, miniature 7-pin base, identical to EAA91/6AL5, HAA91/12AL5 and XAA91/3AL5 except for heater ratings
UAA171 – Dual diode, separate cathodes, gnome tube

UABC

UABC80/27AK8 – High-mu triode, triple low-voltage diode (two on common cathode with triode, one with independent cathode). Miniature 9-pin noval base, used as an AF amplifier, AM detector and ratio detector in AC-powered post-war European AM/FM radios; identical to EABC80/6AK8, 5T8, 6T8/6T8A, HABC80/19T8, PABC80/9AK8 and DH719 except for heater ratings

UAF

UAF21 – Diode - remote-cutoff pentode, EAF21 with a different heater
UAF41 – Diode - pentode, EAF41 with a different heater
UAF42/12S7 – Diode - remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode

UB

UB41 – Dual RF diode with separate cathodes, EB41 with a different heater

UBC

UBC41 – Shielded dual diode - AF triode, EBC41 with a different heater, UBC81 with a different basing
UBC81 – Shielded dual diode - AF triode, EBC81/6BD7A with a different heater, UBC41 with a different basing

UBF

UBF11 – Dual diode - pentode, EBF11 with a different heater
UBF15 – Dual diode - pentode, EBF15 with a different heater
UBF80/17C8 – Dual diode - remote-cutoff pentode
UBF89/19FL8 – Dual diode - remote-cutoff pentode
UBF171 – Dual Diode and remote-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode, gnome tube

UBL

UBL1 – Dual diode - power pentode
UBL3 – Dual diode - power pentode
UBL21 – Dual diode - power pentode
UBL71 – Dual diode - power pentode

UC

UC92/9AB4 – VHF triode for FM receiver frontends, single ECC81/12AT7 system, EC92/6AB4 with a different heater

UCC

UCC84 – Dual triode for VHF cascode amplifiers, noval base. Identical to ECC84/6CW7 and PCC84/7AN7 except for heater ratings
UCC85 – Dual triode for use as VHF oscillator/mixer up to 200 MHz, noval base, identical to ECC85/6AQ8, HCC85/17EW8 and PCC85/9AQ8 except for heater ratings
UCC171 – Dual triode, gnome tube

UCF

UCF12 – Triode - pentode, ECF12 with a different heater
UCF80 – VHF mixer/oscillator triode/pentode, identical to ECF80/6BL8, LCF80/6LN8, PCF80/9A8 and XCF80/4BL8 except for heater ratings
UCF174 – Triode and pentode, gnome tube

UCH

UCH4 – Triode/heptode mixer, UCH5 or UCH21 with a different basing
UCH5 – Triode/hexode mixer, UCH4 or UCH21 with a different basing
UCH11 – Triode/hexode mixer
UCH21 – Triode/heptode mixer, UCH4 or UCH5 with a different basing
UCH41 – Remote-cutoff triode/hexode mixer
UCH42/14K7 – Remote-cutoff triode/hexode mixer, Rimlock base, ECH42 with a different heater
UCH43 – Remote-cutoff triode/hexode mixer, low-microphonics version of UCH42; ECH43 with a different heater
UCH71 – Triode/heptode mixer
UCH81/19D8 – Remote-cutoff triode/heptode mixer, HCH81 with a different heater
UCH171 – Triode/remote-cutoff heptode mixer, gnome tube

UCL

UCL11 – Triode - power tetrode
UCL81 – Triode - power pentode, PCL81 with a different heater
UCL82/50BM8 – AF triode - AF power pentode, identical to ECL82/6BM8, PCL82/16A8 and XCL82/8B8 except for heater ratings
UCL83 – Triode - power pentode, PCL83 with a different heater

UEL

UEL11 – Tetrode - power tetrode, VEL11 with a different heater
UEL51 – Tetrode - power pentode
UEL71 – Tetrode - power pentode, EEL71 with a different heater
UEL171 – Remote-cutoff tetrode and 4-Watt power pentode, gnome tube

UF

UF5 – Pentode
UF6 – Pentode
UF9 – Remote-cutoff pentode
UF11 – Pentode
UF14 – Sharp-cutoff pentode, 8-pin base, identical to EF14 and VF14 except for heater ratings
UF15 – Pentode, EF15 with a different heater
UF21 – Pentode
UF41 – Remote-cutoff RF pentode, EF41 with a different heater
UF42 – Wide band pentode, EF42 with a different heater
UF43 – Wide band, remote-cutoff pentode, EF43 with a different heater
UF80/19BX6 – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF/Video pentode, noval base, identical to XF80/3BX6, EF80/6BX6 and 12BX6 except for heater ratings
UF85/19BY7 – Remote-cutoff RF pentode
UF86 – Identical to EF86/6BK8/6CF8 and PF86 except for heater ratings
UF89 – Remote-cutoff IF pentode
UF172 – RF/IF/AF Pentode, gnome tube
UF174 – Pentode, gnome tube
UF175 – Remote-cutoff RF/IF pentode, gnome tube
UF176 – VHF Pentode, gnome tube
UF177 – VHF Pentode, gnome tube

UFM

UFM11 – Remote-cutoff AF pentode and top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, EFM11 with a different heater

UH

UH171 – Sharp-cutoff heptode, gnome tube

UL

UL2 – Power pentode
UL11 – Power pentode
UL12 – Power pentode
UL21 – Power pentode
UL41/45A5 – AF power pentode
UL44 – Power pentode, identical to EL44 except for heater ratings
UL46 – Power pentode^[218]
UL71 – Power pentode
UL84/45B5 – AF power pentode
UL171 – 4-Watts Power pentode, gnome tube

ULL

ULL80 – Dual AF power pentode; ELL80, PLL80 with a different heater

UM

UM4 (10M2) – Dual-sensitivity, top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, UM34 with different basing; HM34 with different basing and heater ratings
UM11 – Dual-sensitivity, top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator made by Telefunken; EM11 with a different heater
UM34 – Dual-sensitivity, top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, UM4 with different basing; HM34 with different heater ratings
UM35 = 10M2 (EdiSwan) – Dual-sensitivity, top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator
UM80/19BR5 – Side-view, fan-type tuning indicator for AM receivers
UM81 – Side-view, fan-type tuning indicator
UM84/12FG6 – Side-view, band-type tuning/level indicator, PM84 with a different heater
UM85 – Side-view, fan-type tuning indicator, noval base, identical to EM85 and HM85 except for heater ratings
UM171 – Dual-sensitivity, top-view, "Magic Eye"-type tuning indicator, gnome tube^[219]

UQ

UQ80 – Nonode, EQ80/6BE7 with a different heater
UQ171 – Nonode, gnome tube

US

US111 – TV sync oscillator, a special relaxation oscillator pentode with the suppressor grid on a separate pin to act as a second control grid; German 5+3-pin steel tube base with 2 unused pins, screen grid on top cap. See ES111

UY

UY1 – Half-wave rectifier
UY2 – Half-wave rectifier
UY3 – Half-wave rectifier
UY4 – Half-wave rectifier
UY11 – Half-wave rectifier
UY21 – Half-wave rectifier
UY31 – Half-wave rectifier
UY41/31A3 – Half-wave rectifier
UY42 – Half-wave rectifier
UY82/55N3 – Half-wave rectifier
UY85/38A3 – Half-wave rectifier
UY89 – Half-wave rectifier
UY92 – Half-wave rectifier

V - 50 mA heater

Notes:

Apart from AC/DC radios,^[220] "V" tubes were also used in miniaturized equipment with only one single supply for both anode and heater.^[60]
VATEA Rádiótechnikai és Villamossági Rt.-t. (VATEA Radio Technology and Electric Co. Ltd., Budapest, Hungary) preceded the M-P designation with the letter V, as in VEL5 for EL5.

VBF

VBF11 – Dual diode and pentode, EBF11 with a 38 V heater^[113]

VC

VC1 – Triode, 8-pin base with grid on top cap, 55 V^[220] heater^[113]

VCH

VCH11 – Triode/hexode mixer, 8-pin base, ECH11 with a 38 V heater^[113]

VCL

VCL11 – Triode - power tetrode, 90 V heater, 8-pin base

VEL

VEL11 – AF Tetrode - AF beam power tetrode, 8-pin base with E-tetrode grid on top cap, UEL11 with a 90 V heater^[113]

VF

VF3 – Pentode, AF3 with a 55 V heater^[113]
VF7 – Pentode, AF7 with a 55 V heater^[113]
VF14 – Sharp-cutoff pentode, 55 V heater, 8-pin base, identical to EF14 and UF14 except for heater ratings^[113]

VF14M – Selected VF14 in production until the end of the 1950s for use as a preamplifier in Neumann condenser microphones U-47 and U-48 where they were run at only half their rated heater power to reduce noise^[60]

VL

VL1 – 1.6 W AF Pentode, 8-pin base, CL1 with a 55 V^[220] heater^[113]
VL4 – 4 W AF Pentode, 8-pin base, CL4 with a 110 V heater^[113]

VY

VY1 – 60 mA Half-wave rectifier, 55 V^[220] heater, 8-pin base^[113]
VY2 – 250 V, 20 mA Half-wave rectifier, 30 V heater, 8-pin base

X - 600 mA heater

XAA

XAA91/3AL5 – Dual diode with separate cathodes, miniature 7-pin base, identical to EAA91/6AL5, HAA91/12AL5 and UAA91 except for heater ratings

XC

XC95/2ER5 – VHF Triode with variable mutual conductance, identical to EC95/6ER5, PC95/4ER5 except for heater ratings
XC97/2FY5 – Frame-grid VHF triode, identical to EC97/6FY5 and PC97/4FY5 except for heater ratings

XCC

XCC82/7AU7 – Dual triode, identical to ECC82/12AU7 except for heater ratings
XCC189/4ES8 – Dual VHF triode for cascode amplifiers; identical to ECC189/6ES8, PCC189/7ES8 and YCC189/5ES8 except for heater ratings

XCF

XCF80/4BL8 – VHF mixer/oscillator triode/pentode, identical to ECF80/6BL8, PCF80/9A8, LCF80/6LN8 and UCF80 except for heater ratings
XCF82/5U8 – Triode and pentode, identical to ECF82/6U8 and PCF82/9U8A except for heater ratings
XCF801/4GJ7 – Triode and pentode for use as VHF mixer in TV receivers, noval base, identical to ECF801/6GJ7, LCF801/5GJ7 and PCF801/8GJ7 except for heater ratings

XCH

XCH81/3AJ8 – Triode/heptode mixer, ECH81/6AJ8 with a different heater

XCL

XCL82/8B8 – AF triode - AF power pentode, identical to ECL82/6BM8, PCL82/16A8 and UCL82/50BM8 except for heater ratings
XCL84/8DX8 – TV sync sep triode - CRT cathode drive power pentode, identical to ECL84/6DX8, LCL84/10DX8 and PCL84/15DQ8 except for heater ratings
XCL85/9GV8 – Triode and power pentode for TV vertical output. Identical to ECL85/6GV8, LCL85/10GV8 and PCL85/18GV8 except for heater ratings

XF

XF80/3BX6 – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF/Video pentode, noval base, identical to EF80/6BX6, 12BX6 and UF80/19BX6 except for heater ratings
XF85 – Remote-cutoff wideband RF pentode, noval base, identical to EF85/6BY7 and HF85 except for heater ratings
XF94/3AU6 – Sharp-cutoff RF/IF/AF pentode, miniature 7-pin base, identical to EF94/6AU6 and HF94/12AU6 except for heater ratings
XF183/3EH7 – Frame-grid, remote-cutoff IF pentode for use in TV receivers, identical to EF183/6EH7 and LF183/YF183/4EH7 except for heater ratings^[146]
XF184/3EJ7 – Frame-grid, sharp-cutoff IF pentode for use in TV receivers, identical to EF184/6EJ7 and LF184/YF184/4EJ7 except for heater ratings^[147]

XL

XL36/13CM5 – Audio or CRT horizontal deflection output power pentode, EL36/6CM5 with a different heater
XL84 – Power pentode, EL84 with a different heater
XL86/8CW5 – Audio or CRT vertical deflection output power pentode, identical to EL86/6CW5, LL86/10CW5 and PL84/15CW5^[158]^[159] except for heater ratings
XL500/13GB5 – CRT horizontal deflection beam power pentode, magnoval base, identical to EL500/6GB5, LL500/18GB5 and PL500/27GB5 except for heater ratings

XY

XY88/16AQ3 – TV horizontal output booster diode, identical to EY88/6AL3, LY88/20AQ3 and PY88/30AE3 except for heater ratings

Y - 450 mA heater

YCC

YCC189/5ES8 – Dual VHF triode for cascode amplifiers; identical to ECC189/6ES8, PCC189/7ES8 and XCC189/4ES8 except for heater ratings^[221]

YF

YF183/LF183/4EH7 – Frame-grid, remote-cutoff IF pentode for use in TV receivers, identical to EF183/6EH7 and XF183/3EH7 except for heater ratings^[146]^[188]
YF184/LF184/4EJ7 – Frame-grid, sharp-cutoff IF pentode for use in TV receivers, identical to EF184/6EJ7 and XF184/3EJ7 except for heater ratings^[147]^[189]

Z - Cold-cathode tube

Notes:

Special-quality cold-cathode "Z" tubes had a different function letter scheme.
See also the professional tubes under Z

ZA

Z860A – 250 V Arc discharge tube for use as switching element in a high voltage pulse generator such as an electric fence energizer, noval base
Z861A – 450 V Arc discharge tube, noval base
Z862A – 650 V Arc discharge tube, noval base
Z960A – 75 V Cold-cathode surge protector for receiver frontends, miniature 7-pin base

ZC

Z302C – Unusual decade Counter Dekatron, a counterclockwise-only decade counter tube with separate odd and even extinguishing electrodes except "0", which is tied to a -300V supply so reaching the terminal count produces a negative spike on the anode voltage which can be used to advance the next counter stage with no intermediate active components
Z303C – Neon-filled, 4 kHz bidirecional decade Counter Dekatron
Z563C – Neon-filled 4 kHz bidirecional decade Counter Dekatron
Z565C – 4 kHz Bidirecional decade Counter Dekatron
Z573C – Neon-filled 4 kHz bidirecional decade Counter Dekatron with aux anodes for direct control of Nixie tubes

ZE

Z862E – Noble-gas filled, cold-cathode electrometer tube, control current 10 pA, silicone-coated envelope for isolation, guard ring, envelope inside radioactively coated for a constant ignition voltage

ZM

ZM11 – Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 21 mm character height, top-viewing, showing a cross with a central dot and independent arms, for use in industrial control panels
ZM13 – Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 21 mmCH, top-viewing, showing a vertical line and a circle with a small gap, for use in industrial control panels
ZM13U – Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 21 mmCH, top-viewing, showing a vertical line and a circle, for use in industrial control panels
ZM14 – Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 21 mmCH, top-viewing, showing a vertical line, a circle, a triangle and a three-winged star, for use in industrial control panels
Z510M – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5 mmCH, top-viewing, no decimal point
Z520M = ZM1020
Z521M = ZM1021
Z522M = ZM1040
Z550M = 8453 = ZM1050
Z560M – Z5600M with a red contrast filter coating
Z561M = ZM1021 – Z5610M with a red contrast filter coating
Z565M – Gas-filled digital indicator tube with a dekatron-type readout, similar to GR10A, Z503M and ZM1050
Z566M – Z5660M with a red contrast filter coating
Z567M – Z5670M with a red contrast filter coating
Z568M – Z5680M with a red contrast filter coating
Z570M – Z5700M with a red contrast filter coating
Z571M – Z5710M with a red contrast filter coating
Z573M – Z5730M with a red contrast filter coating
Z574M – Z5740M with a red contrast filter coating
Z580M – Z5800M with a red contrast filter coating
Z581M – Z5810M with a red contrast filter coating
Z590M – Z5900M with a red contrast filter coating
Z870M – Z8700M with a red contrast filter coating
Z5200M = ZM1022
Z5220M = ZM1042
Z5600M – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5 mmCH, top-viewing, no decimal point
Z5610M – A V Ω + - ~ % W Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5 mmCH top-viewing, for use in digital multimeters
Z5660M – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 30 mmCH, side-viewing, no decimal point
Z5670M – + - ~ Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 18/30 mmCH side-viewing
Z5680M – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 50 mmCH side-viewing, no decimal point
Z5700M – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 13 mmCH side-viewing, no decimal point
Z5710M – + - ~ Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 10.5/13 mmCH side-viewing
Z5730M – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 13 mmCH side-viewing, right decimal points
Z5740M – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 13 mmCH side-viewing, left decimal points
Z5800M – T G M k m µ n p Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 13 mmCH side-viewing
Z5810M – A F H S V Ω Hz s Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 13 mmCH side-viewing, for use in digital multimeters
Z5900M – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 10 mmCH side-viewing, both left and right decimal points
Z8700M – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 10 mmCH side-viewing, no decimal point, 5 dual cathodes and separate odd/even anode compartments for biquinary multiplexing

Note: More Nixie tubes under professional - ZM and ETL examples

ZS

Z502S – Neon-filled, 4 kHz max. decade Counter/Selector Dekatron
Z504S = ZM1070 = 8433 – Neon-filled, 5 kHz max. decade Counter/Selector Dekatron
Z505S = ZM1060 – Argon-filled, 50 kHz max. decade Counter/Selector Dekatron
Z562S – Neon-filled, 4 kHz max. decade Counter/Selector Dekatron, envelope inside radioactively coated for a constant ignition voltage
Z564S – 25 kHz max. Decade Counter/Selector Dekatron, envelope inside radioactively coated for a constant ignition voltage
Z572S – Neon-filled, 5 kHz max. decade Counter/Selector Dekatron, aux anodes to directly drive Nixie tubes, envelope inside radioactively coated for a constant ignition voltage

ZT

Z50T – Subminiature, 6 mA_avg, 24 mA_peak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode trigger triode, 1 starter, 3-pin all-glass pigtailed, for use as switch in bang–bang controllers
Z300T (PL1267) – 25 mA_avg, 100 mA_peak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC trigger triode, one starter, octal base
Z900T = 5823 – 25 mA_avg, 100 mA_peak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode AC trigger triode, one starter, miniature 7-pin base

ZU

Z0.7/10U – 700 V, 500 mA_avg, 10 A_peak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC trigger tetrode, one starter and a primer electrode, positive starter voltage^[114]
Z0.7/100U – 700 V, 2 A_avg, 100 A_peak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC trigger tetrode, one starter and a primer electrode, positive starter voltage, for triggering ignitrons^[114]
Z1/100U – 1 kV, 2 A_avg, 100 A_peak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC trigger tetrode, one starter and a primer electrode, positive starter voltage, for use in welding machines^[114]
Z70U = 7710 – Subminiature, 3 mA_avg, 12 mA_peak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC trigger tetrode, one starter and a primer electrode, positive starter voltage, 4-pin all-glass pigtailed
Z71U = 7711 – Subminiature, 7 mA_avg, 12 mA_peak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC trigger tetrode, two starters, positive starter voltage, low impedance for audio frequencies, 4-pin all-glass pigtailed
Z700U – Subminiature, 4 mA_avg, 16 mA_peak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC trigger tetrode, one starter and a primer electrode, positive starter voltage, all-glass pigtailed, for use in Dekatron circuits up to 2...5 kHz
Z701U – Subminiature, Gas-filled, cold-cathode trigger tetrode, all-glass pigtailed
Z800U – 2.5 mA_avg, 10 mA_peak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC trigger tetrode, one starter and a primer electrode, positive starter voltage, noval base, for voltage control, sensitive relay circuits and timers
Z801U – 2.5 mA_avg, 10 mA_peak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC trigger tetrode, one starter and a primer electrode, negative starter voltage, noval base, for use with Geiger-Müller tubes
Z803U = 6779 (ZC1020) – 25 mA_avg, 100 mA_peak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC trigger tetrode, one starter and a primer electrode, positive starter voltage, noval base, for voltage control, sensitive relay circuits and timers
Z804U = 7713 – 5 mA_avg, 25 mA_peak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode AC trigger tetrode, one starter and a primer envelope coating, negative starter voltage, noval base, direct operation from a 200...250VAC mains grid but should be triggered only while U_A > 0
Z805U = 7714 – 5 mA_avg, 25 mA_peak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode AC trigger tetrode, one starter, two primers and separate cathode and anode shields on individual pins, positive starter voltage, noval base, direct operation from a 200...250VAC mains grid, for relay drivers, timers, photoelectric controls, etc.

ZW

Z70W = 7709 – 4 mA, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC trigger pentode, two starters and a primer electrode, positive starter voltage, 5-pin all-glass pigtailed, for use in bidirectional counters
Z660W (GR43) – 12 mA_avg, 50 mA_peak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC trigger pentode, two starters and a primer electrode, positive starter voltage, 5-pin all-glass pigtailed, envelope inside radioactively coated for a constant ignition voltage, for use in bidirectional counters
Z661W (ZC1010) – 8 mA_avg, 50 mA_peak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode AC trigger pentode, two starters and a primer electrode, positive starter voltage, 5-pin all-glass pigtailed, envelope inside radioactively coated for a constant ignition voltage, for use in bidirectional counters
Z700W – 4 mA, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC trigger pentode, two starters and a primer electrode, positive starter voltage, 5-pin all-glass pigtailed, for use in bidirectional counters
Z806W – Gas-filled, cold-cathode trigger tetrode, one starter and dual primer, noval base, used in elevator controls
Z865W – 25 mA_avg, 200 mA_peak Gas-filled, cold-cathode AC/DC trigger tetrode, one starter and a primer electrode, low positive starter voltage for transistorized circuits, 9-pin base, envelope inside radioactively coated for a constant ignition voltage, for use as a relay driver

ZX

Z860X – 40 mA_avg, 200 mA_peak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC trigger pentode, two starters, a primer electrode and an internal shield, positive starter voltage, noval base, envelope inside radioactively coated for a constant ignition voltage, for use in counters
Z861X – 40 mA_avg, 200 mA_peak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode AC trigger pentode, two starters, a primer electrode and an internal shield, positive starter voltage, noval base, envelope inside radioactively coated for a constant ignition voltage, for use in counters
Z863X – 40 mA_avg, 200 mA_peak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode DC trigger pentode, two starters, a primer electrode and an internal shield, negative starter voltage, noval base, envelope inside radioactively coated for a constant ignition voltage, for use in counters

List of Pro Electron professional tubes

Note: Typecode explained above.

X - Electro-optical devices

XA

XA1003 – Phototube, caesium-on-oxydated-silver cathode, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed

XG

XG2000 – Image converter for x-ray diagnostics

XL

XL7900 – Vibrating-capacitor chopper front end for dosimeters, electrometers, pH meters etc., Magnoval base with gold-plated pins^[114]

XM

XM1000 – Nimo tube, directly heated cathode-ray 1-digit numeric display tube, decimal points on both sides, hence 12 stenciled electron guns, top-viewing, green, 15 mm high Futura Medium font, oval envelope for easy horizontal stacking, 14-pin base

XP

XP1000 – 10-stage photomultiplier, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, diheptal (14-pin) base
XP1001 – 10-stage photomultiplier for gamma ray scintillation spectrometry, Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes
XP1002 – 10-stage photomultiplier, blue/green/yellow/orange-sensitive Sb-Na-K-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, diheptal base
XP1003 – 10-stage photomultiplier with quartz window, UV/blue/green/yellow/orange-sensitive Sb-Na-K-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, diheptal base
XP1004 – 10-stage photomultiplier with quartz window, UV/blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, diheptal base
XP1005 – 10-stage Ag-O-Cs (800±100 nm) photomultiplier, IR/red-sensitive Ag-O-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, diheptal base
XP1010 – 10-stage photomultiplier for r-ray and gamma ray scintillation spectrometry, selected 150AVP for low noise and resolution, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, duodecal (12-pin) base
XP1011 – 10-stage photomultiplier, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, shock and vibration-proof, duodecal base
XP1020 – 12-stage photomultiplier, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, 100 O output, duodecal (20-pin) base
XP1021 – 12-stage photomultiplier, UV/blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, 50 O output, duodecal base
XP1023 – 12-stage photomultiplier with quartz window Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, UV/blue-sensitive, 50 O output, duodecal base
XP1030 – 10-stage photomultiplier, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, diheptal (14-pin) base
XP1031 – 10-stage photomultiplier, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, for gamma ray scintillation spectrometry
XP1032 – 10-stage photomultiplier with 3 mm quartz window, UV/blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, diheptal base
XP1033 – 10-stage photomultiplier with 10 mm quartz window, UV/blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, diheptal base
XP1040 – 14-stage photomultiplier, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, concave window, duodecal base
XP1110 – Photomultiplier, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes
XP1111 – Photomultiplier, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, pigtails
XP1113 – 6-stage Photomultiplier, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes
XP1114 – 4-stage Photomultiplier, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes
XP1115 – Photomultiplier, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, pigtails, shock and vibration-proof
XP1116 – Photomultiplier, red-sensitive Ag-O-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, shock and vibration-proof
XP1117 – 9-stage photomultiplier, blue/green/yellow/orange-sensitive Sb-Na-K-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes
XP1118 – Photomultiplier with quartz window, UV/blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes
XP1120 – 17-stage photomultiplier for x-ray (λ > 200 pm) or UV (λ < 150 nm) photon counting in a high-vacuum environment, Nickel cathode, Cu-Be-O dynodes, coaxial outputs, built-in resistor ladder
XP1121 – 17-stage photomultiplier for ion (> 10 keV) or electron (0.1...10 keV) photon counting in a high-vacuum environment, Cu-Be-O cathode and dynodes, coaxial outputs, built-in resistor ladder
XP1122 – 17-stage photomultiplier for x-ray (λ > 200 pm) or UV (λ < 150 nm) photon counting in a high-vacuum environment, Nickel cathode, Cu-Be-O dynodes, coaxial outputs, built-in resistor ladder
XP1123 – 17-stage photomultiplier for ion (> 10 keV) or electron (0.1...10 keV) photon counting in a high-vacuum environment, Cu-Be-O cathode and dynodes, coaxial outputs, built-in resistor ladder
XP1130 – 17-stage photomultiplier for x-ray (λ > 200 pm) or UV (λ < 150 nm) photon counting in a high-vacuum environment, Nickel cathode, Cu-Be-O dynodes, coaxial outputs, built-in resistor ladder
XP1131 – 17-stage photomultiplier for ion (> 10 keV) or electron (0.1...10 keV) photon counting in a high-vacuum environment, Cu-Be-O cathode and dynodes, coaxial outputs, built-in resistor ladder
XP1140 – 6-stage photomultiplier, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, fast, diheptal base
XP1141 – 7-stage photomultiplier, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, fast, diheptal base
XP1180 = 52AVP – 10-stage photomultiplier, blue-sensitive Sb-Cs cathode, Ag-Mg-O-Cs dynodes, fast, diheptal base
XP1240 – Photomultiplier

XQ

XQ1023 – Camera tube
XQ1029R – Camera tube
XQ1032 – 1" Vidicon; magnetic focusing and deflection
XQ1053 – Camera tube
XQ1072 – 1" Plumbicon
XQ1073 – XQ1072 with higher resolution and improved low level contrast
XQ1200 – Vidicon, silicon target
XQ1270 – ⅔" Vidicon; Overall length 108mm (4¼")
XQ1272 – Camera tube
XQ1274 – ⅔" Newvicon, magnetic focussing and deflection, zinc telluride, zinc selenide target
XQ1275 – Vidicon, silicon target
XQ1276 – XQ1274 with high sensitivity into the near infrared
XQ1277 – XQ1275 with high sensitivity into the near infrared
XQ1278 – XQ1275 with better geometry and uniform signal
XQ1285 – 1" Vidicon; magnetic focusing and deflection, precision electron gun
XQ1290 – Camera tube
XQ1293 – Camera tube
XQ1300 – Saticon Camera Tube
XQ1340 – Low-light vidicon
XQ1371 – Resistron camera tube
XQ1380 – XQ1274 with radiation resistant (anti-browning) faceplate
XQ1381 – ⅔" Newvicon; electrostatioc focusing and magnetic deflection with radiation-resistant (anti-browning) faceplate
XQ1395 – High-resolution Resistron camera tube
XQ1410B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ1412 – 6/5" Plumbicon; low lag, unity gamma matched to P20 phosphor
XQ1413B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ1415B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ1427 – ⅔" Plumbicon; low lag
XQ1427B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ1430B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ1435B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ1440 – 1" Newvicon, separate mesh, zinc telluride, zinc selenide target
XQ1500B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ1505B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ1560 – 1" Saticon
XQ1565 – 1" Saticon
XQ1570 – 1" Saticon
XQ1575 – 1" Saticon
XQ1585 – 1" Saticon
XQ1600 – ½" Vidicon; separate mesh, electrostatic focusing and magnetic deflection
XQ1601 – ½" Newvicon; separate mesh, electrostatic focusing and magnetic deflection
XQ2070/02B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ2070/05B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ2075/02B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ2075/05B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ2172 – 1" Plumbicon; wide dynamic range matched to digital radiography applications
XQ2182 – 1" Plumbicon; wide dynamic range matched to digital radiography applications
XQ2427B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ3070/02B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ3070/05B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ3075/02B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ3075/05B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ3427B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ3430B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ3435B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ3440B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ3445B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ3457B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ3467B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ3477B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ3487B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ3550B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ3555B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ4187B/G/R – Plumbicon with color filter for color TV broadcast
XQ4502 – 2" Plumbicon; Highest resolution, low lag
XQ5002 – 2" Plumbicon; Electrostsatic deflection for improved corner resolution, low output capacitance
XQ7002 – 1" Plumbicon; Low output capacitance
XQ8002 – 1" Plumbicon
XQ9002 – 1" Plumbicon

XR

XR1000 – Monoscope, test pattern specified by suffix

XX

XX1000 – 2-stage image intensifier
XX1010 – Image intensifier
XX1020 – Image intensifier
XX1030 – Image intensifier
XX1050 – Image intensifier
XX1060 – Image intensifier
XX1066 – 1. Gen. 3-stage image intensifier
XX1140 – 1. Gen. 3-stage image intensifier
XX1190 – 1. Gen. inverter, 1-stage image intensifier
XX1192 – 1. Gen. inverter, 1-stage image intensifier
XX1200 – 1. Gen. inverter, 1-stage image intensifier
XX1211 – 1. Gen. inverter, 3-stage image intensifier
XX1270 – 1. Gen. inverter, 2-stage image intensifier
XX1400 – 2. Gen. inverter, 1-stage image intensifier
XX1430 – 1. Gen. inverter, 1-stage image intensifier
XX1510 – 1. Gen. 3-stage image intensifier
XX1610 – 2. Gen. image intensifier
XX1800 – 2. Gen. proximity focused, 1-stage image intensifier

Y - Vacuum tubes

YA

YA1000 – 5 kV, 5mA, Directly heated saturated-emission diode with pure-metal cathode for use in RMS converters of AC voltage/current stabilizer circuits, noval base^[222]

YD

YD1000 – 120 kW, Water-cooled RF power triode
YD1001 – 120 kW, Air-cooled RF power triode
YD1012 – 360 kW, Vapor-cooled RF power triode
YD1130 – 580 W, Air-cooled, linear RF/AF power triode
YD1252 (RS 2051 V) – 420 kW, Water-cooled, modulator power triode
YD1300 – 35 W, Air-cooled, UHF power triode
YD1301 – 50 W, Air-cooled, UHF power triode
YD1302 – 55 W, Air-cooled, UHF power triode
YD1332 – 250 W, Air-cooled, UHF power triode
YD1333 – 100 W, Air-cooled, UHF power triode
YD1334 – 110 W, Air-cooled, UHF power triode
YD1335 – 550 W, Air-cooled, UHF power triode
YD1336 – 220 W, Air-cooled, UHF power triode
YD1342 – 30 MHz, 530 kW, Water-cooled RF power triode
YD1352S = 8867 = DX334 – Neotron, a field-effect tube, 5 MHz, 3 kW, water-cooled, magnetically beamed RF power pulse generator triode

YG

YG1000 – Directly heated electrometer tetrode with an oxide cathode and a space charge grid, grid current ≤600 fA, magnoval base with input grid on top cap

YH

YH1000 – Traveling-wave tube
YH1050 – Traveling-wave tube
YH1110 – Traveling-wave tube
YH1120 – Traveling-wave tube, >3 GHz
YH1131 – Traveling-wave tube, >3 GHz
YH1150 – Traveling-wave tube
YH1160 – Traveling-wave tube, >3 GHz
YH1181 – Traveling-wave tube, >3 GHz
YH1190 – Traveling-wave tube, >3 GHz
YH1200 – Traveling-wave tube, >3 GHz
YH1210 – 220 W Traveling-wave tube for use in UHF TV transmitters between 470 and 860 MHz

YJ

YJ1000 – Indirectly heated, 2.5 kW magnetron for use as a pulsed X-band oscillator between 9.19 and 9.32 GHz
YJ1420 – 900 W magnetron for use in domestic microwave ovens between 2.43 and 2.47 GHz
YJ1462 – Indirectly heated, 28 kW coaxial magnetron for use as a pulsed X-band oscillator at 9.375 GHz

YK

YK1000 – Water-cooled, permanent-magnet 11 kW UHF linear-beam Klystron for use in TV transmitters between 400 and 620 MHz
YK1004 – Water-cooled, permanent-magnet 11 kW UHF linear-beam Klystron for use in TV transmitters between 610 and 790 MHz
YK1005 – Water-cooled, permanent-magnet 11 kW UHF linear-beam Klystron for use in TV transmitters between 470 and 860 MHz
YK1046 – 35 mW X-band Klystron, 9.16 to 9.34 GHz
YK1151 – Forced-air cooled, permanent-magnet 25 kW UHF linear-beam Klystron for use in TV transmitters between 470 and 860 MHz
YK1190 – Water-cooled 40 kW UHF linear-beam Klystron for use in TV transmitters between 470 and 610 MHz
YK1191 – Water-cooled 40 kW UHF linear-beam Klystron for use in TV transmitters between 590 and 720 MHz
YK1192 – Water-cooled 40 kW UHF linear-beam Klystron for use in TV transmitters between 710 and 860 MHz
YK1220 – Water-cooled 15 kW UHF linear-beam Klystron for use in TV transmitters between 470 and 860 MHz
YK1230 – Water-cooled 25 kW UHF linear-beam Klystron for use in TV transmitters between 470 and 860 MHz

YL

YL1000 = 8463 – RF power pentode
YL1020 = 8118 = QQZ03/20
YL1030 = QQZ06/40
YL1050 – RF power tetrode
YL1060 = 7854 = QQE06/40
YL1070 = 8117 – Dual RF power pentode
YL1071 – YL1070 with a different heater
YL1080 = 8348 – Dual RF power pentode
YL1120 – RF power tetrode
YL1130 = 8408 – Dual RF power pentode
YL1150 = 8579 – RF power pentode
YL1190 = 8580 – Dual RF power pentode
YL1200 = PE1/100
YL1210 – QQE03/12 with a different heater
YL1220 – QQE02/5 with a different heater
YL1240 = 8458 – Dual RF power pentode
YL1250 = 8505 – RF power pentode
YL1270 = 8581 – Dual RF power pentode
YL1290 – QE08/200 with a different heater
YL1310 = 8603 – RF power pentode
YL1360 – QQE04/5 with a different heater
YL1370 = 6146B – RF power pentode
YL1570 (RS1084CJ) – RF power tetrode

Z - Gas-filled tubes

Note: See also standard M-P tubes under Z

ZA

ZA1000 – Neon-filled, coaxial, tritium-primed (half-life: 12.32 years), sputtered-molybdenum cold-cathode switching diode, meshed cylinder anode, all-glass pigtailed^[223]
ZA1001 – Neon-filled, coaxial, tritium-primed, sputtered-molybdenum cold-cathode switching diode with traces of heavy gas (krypton/xenon) for slow de-ionization, e.g. for low-frequency relaxation oscillators; meshed cylinder anode, all-glass pigtailed
ZA1002 – Neon-filled, coaxial, tritium-primed, sputtered-molybdenum cold-cathode switching diode, large difference between burning and ignition voltage, meshed cylinder anode, 3-pin all-glass pigtailed
ZA1003 – Neon-filled, coaxial, tritium-primed, sputtered-molybdenum cold-cathode switching diode for use as indicator tube in transistorized circuits, meshed cylinder anode, 3-pin all-glass pigtailed
ZA1004 – Neon-filled, coaxial, tritium-primed, sputtered-molybdenum cold-cathode switching diode, small difference between burning and ignition voltage, for use as indicator tube in transistorized circuits or as 86.4 V Voltage reference, meshed cylinder anode, 3-pin all-glass pigtailed
ZA1005 – Neon-filled, coaxial, tritium-primed, sputtered-molybdenum cold-cathode switching diode for use like a DIAC in thyristor circuits, meshed cylinder anode, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed

ZC

ZC1010 (Z661W) – 8 mA_avg, 50 mA_peak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode AC trigger pentode, two starters and a primer electrode, positive starter voltage, 5-pin all-glass pigtailed, envelope inside radioactively coated for a constant ignition voltage, for use in bidirectional counters
ZC1040 – 25 mA, Gas-filled, cold-cathode AC trigger tetrode, one starter and a primer electrode, positive starter voltage, noval base
ZC1050 – 2 mA, Gas-filled, cold-cathode, luminiscent trigger tetrode, one starter and a primer, 300 mlm light output^[224] for use as self-displaying shift register cells in large-format, crawling-text dot-matrix displays;^[225] all-glass pigtailed
ZC1060 – 20 mA_avg, 5 kA_peak, Gas-filled, cold-cathode, high-current trigger triode for e.g. capacitor discharge circuits. One external (capacitive) starter electrode

ZM

ZM1000 – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 14 mm character height side-viewing, left decimal point
ZM1000R – ZM1000 with a red contrast filter coating
ZM1001 – + - ~ X Y Z Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 14mmCH side-viewing, for use with ZM1000
ZM1001R – ZM1001 with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1000R
ZM1002 – ns μs ms s Hz kHz MHz Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 13mmCH side viewing, for use with ZM1000 in digital frequency counters
ZM1003 – 1 - + Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 14mmCH side-viewing, for use with ZM1000
ZM1005 – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Long-life neon-filled digital indicator tube, 14mmCH side-viewing, left decimal point, multiplex-capable
ZM1005R – ZM1005 with a red contrast filter coating
ZM1006 – 1 2 3 4 5 6 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, side-viewing, left and right decimal point, for use in TV receivers
ZM1008 – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 14mmCH side-viewing
ZM1010 – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 14mmCH side-viewing, left decimal point
ZM1012 – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 14mmCH side-viewing
ZM1015 – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 14mmCH side-viewing
ZM1020 = Z520M – ZM1022 with a red contrast filter coating
ZM1021 = Z521M – ZM1023 with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1020
ZM1022 – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5mmCH top-viewing, no decimal point
ZM1023 – A V Ω % + - ~ Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5mmCH top-viewing, for use with ZM1022 in digital multimeters
ZM1024 – ZM1025 with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1020
ZM1025 – c/s Kc/s Mc/s μs ms ns s Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5mmCH top-viewing, for use with ZM1022 in digital frequency counters
ZM1030 – ZM1032 with a red contrast filter coating
ZM1031 – ZM1031/01 without the ~
ZM1031/01 – ZM1033/01 with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1030
ZM1032 – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5mmCH side-viewing, no decimal point, 5 dual cathodes and separate odd/even anode compartments for biquinary multiplexing
ZM1033/01 – + - ~ Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5mmCH side-viewing, separate anode compartment for + , for use with ZM1032
ZM1040 = Z522M – ZM1042 with a red contrast filter coating
ZM1041 – ZM1043 with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1040
ZM1041S – ZM1043S with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1040
ZM1042 = Z5220M – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 30mmCH side-viewing, no decimal point
ZM1043 – + - Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 30mmCH side-viewing, for use with ZM1042
ZM1043S – Y X + W U Z - Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 30mmCH side-viewing, for use with ZM1042
ZM1047 – ZM1049 with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1040
ZM1049 – T F S N Z Y G H M X Neon-filled digital indicator tube, side-viewing, for use with ZM1042 in numerical control systems
ZM1050

ZM1070
= Z550M = 8453 – Neon-filled digital indicator tube, top-viewing, dekatron-type readout with common anode and common cathodes, pulsating anode voltage, controlled by 5-volts sensitive starter electrodes, for transistorized circuits
ZM1060 = Z505S – Argon-filled, 50 kHz decade Counter/Selector Dekatron
ZM1070 = Z504S = 8433 – Neon-filled, 5 kHz decade Counter/Selector Dekatron
ZM1080 – ZM1082 with a red contrast filter coating
ZM1081 – ZM1083 with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1080
ZM1082 – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 14mmCH side-viewing, no decimal point, probe electrode
ZM1083 – + - ~ Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 14mmCH side-viewing, for use with ZM1082
ZM1100 – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5mmCH top-viewing
ZM1120 – ZM1122 with a red contrast filter coating
ZM1122 – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Miniature neon-filled digital indicator tube, 7.8mmCH top-viewing
ZM1130 – ZM1132 with a red contrast filter coating
ZM1131 – ZM1133 with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1080
ZM1132 – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, side-viewing, left and right decimal point
ZM1133 – + - ~ Neon-filled digital indicator tube, side-viewing, for use with ZM1132
ZM1136L/R – ZM1138L/R with a red contrast filter coating
ZM1137 – ZM1139 with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1136L/R
ZM1138L/R – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 13mmCH side-viewing, left or right decimal points (specify)
ZM1139 – + - ~ Ω Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 13mmCH side-viewing, for use with ZM1138 in digital multimeters
ZM1162 – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Long-life neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5mmCH top-viewing, no decimal point, rectangular envelope for close stacking in both axes
ZM1170 – ZM1172 with a red contrast filter coating
ZM1172 – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5mmCH side-viewing, no decimal point
ZM1174 – ZM1175 with a red contrast filter coating
ZM1175 – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5mmCH side-viewing, left decimal point
ZM1176 – ZM1177 with a red contrast filter coating
ZM1177 – ZM1175, but right decimal point
ZM1180 – ZM1182 with a red contrast filter coating
ZM1181 – ZM1183 with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1180
ZM1182 – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 16mmCH top-viewing, no decimal point, semi-rectangular envelope for close horizontal stacking
ZM1183 – + - ~ Ω Neon-filled digital indicator tube, top-viewing, 13mmCH for use with ZM1182 in digital multimeters
ZM1184D – ZM1185D with a red contrast filter coating
ZM1185A (GR1420) – 1 2 3 4 5 6 U K E R Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 16mmCH top-viewing
ZM1185D (GR1430) – ∇ Δ Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 16mmCH top-viewing, for use in elevators
ZM1185E (GR1472) – 0 1 2 3 4 5 - t kg + Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 16mmCH top-viewing
ZM1200 – Pandicon, multiplexed 14-digit display tube with decimal points and punctuation marks, pin connections on both ends
ZM1202 – 12-Digit Pandicon
ZM1204 – 10-Digit Pandicon
ZM1206 – 8-Digit Pandicon
ZM1210

ZM1212
– ZM1212 with a red contrast filter coating
ZM1212 – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5mmCH side-viewing, left decimal point, all-glass pigtailed
ZM1220 – ZM1222 with a red contrast filter coating
ZM1222 – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Large neon-filled digital indicator tube, 40mmCH side-viewing
ZM1230 – ZM1232 with a red contrast filter coating
ZM1232 – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 15.5mmCH upside-down side-viewing, no decimal point
ZM1240 – ZM1242 with a red contrast filter coating
ZM1241 – ZM1243 with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1240
ZM1242 – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 16mmCH side-viewing, right decimal point
ZM1243 – + - ~ Ω Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 16mmCH side-viewing, for use with ZM1242 in digital multimeters
ZM1250 – Planar, neon-filled, one-character alphanumeric 5x7 dot-matrix display with a left decimal point, 9.8mmCH, all 36 cathodes directly accessible
ZM1263 – ~ ⚫ Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 10mmCH side-viewing
ZM1290 – ZM1292 with a red contrast filter coating
ZM1292 – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 10mmCH side-viewing
ZM1330 – ZM1332 with a red contrast filter coating
ZM1331 – ZM1333 with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1330
ZM1332 – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 13.1mmCH side-viewing, left and right decimal points, all-glass pigtailed
ZM1333 – + - ~ Ω Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 13.1mmCH side-viewing, all-glass pigtailed, for use with ZM1332 in digital multimeters
ZM1334 – ZM1336 with a red contrast filter coating
ZM1335 – ZM1337 with a red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1334
ZM1336 – 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 13.1mmCH side-viewing, left and right decimal points, multiplex-capable
ZM1337 – + - ~ Ω Neon-filled digital indicator tube, 13.0mmCH side-viewing, right decimal point (!), all-glass pigtailed, red contrast filter coating, for use with ZM1336 in digital multimeters
ZM1350 – Varisymbol, planar neon-filled digital 40mm x 27mm fourteen-segment display tube, right decimal point, separate underscore text cursor, keep-alive cathode, multiplex-capable, viewing angle 160°
ZM1360 – ZM1350 with 60mm x 40mm characters
ZM1370 – ZM1350 with 20mm x 13mm characters
ZM1410 – ZM1412 with a red contrast filter coating
ZM1412 – Neon-filled digital seven-segment display tube, 8.6mmCH side-viewing, right decimal point and left punctuation mark, all-glass pigtailed
ZM1500 – Pandicon, multiplexed 12-digit, 7-segment display tube
ZM1550 – Planar neon-filled digital two-digit seven-segment display tube, right decimal points
ZM1551 – Planar neon-filled digital 1½-digit seven-segment display tube with + and - signs, right decimal points

Note: More Nixie tubes under standard - ZM and ETL examples

ZP

ZP1000 – Borium tri-fluoride-filled Geiger-Müller tube, thermal neutrons
ZP1010 – Borium tri-fluoride-filled Geiger-Müller tube, thermal neutrons
ZP1020 – Borium tri-fluoride-filled Geiger-Müller tube, thermal neutrons
ZP1070 – Subminiature Geiger-Müller tube, all-glass pigtailed
ZP1080 – Halogen-quenched Geiger-Müller tube, β and γ
ZP1100 – Halogen-quenched Geiger-Müller tube, γ; pigtailed
ZP1200 – Halogen-quenched Geiger-Müller tube, γ
ZP1300 – Halogen-quenched Geiger-Müller tube, γ and high-energy β
ZP1330 – Halogen-quenched Geiger-Müller tube, for use in damp and/or saline atmosphere, β and γ
ZP1400 – Halogen-quenched Geiger-Müller tube, 9mm diameter mica window, β and γ
ZP1430 – Halogen-quenched Geiger-Müller tube, 27.8mm diameter mica window, α, β, γ
ZP1490 – Halogen-quenched Geiger-Müller tube, 28mm diameter mica window, low-level α, β and γ
ZP1600 – Halogen-quenched Geiger-Müller tube, 19.8 mm diameter mica window, X-rays, 6.0 to 20 keV energy, 60 to 200 pm wavelength range
ZP1610 – Side window, organically quenched Geiger-Müller tube. 7 x 18 mm mica window; X-rays, 2.5 to 40 keV energy, 30 to 500 pm wavelength range
ZP1700 – Halogen-quenched, cosmic-ray guard counter tube for low-background measurements; to be used with another radiation counter tube in an anticoincidence circuit
ZP1800 – Halogen-quenched Geiger-Müller tube for use at temperatures up to 200 °C, γ
ZP1810 – Halogen-quenched Geiger-Müller tube for use at temperatures up to 200 °C, γ, low sensitivity, up to 40 mGy/h
ZP1860 – Halogen-quenched Geiger-Müller tube, β and γ

ZT

ZT1000 = 8270 – 21 kV, 10 A Mercury vapor triode thyratron

ZX

ZX1000 – 800 V, 1140 A_pk, 13A_avg Ignitron
ZX1051 – Water-cooled, 56 A_avg Ignitron
ZX1052 – Water-cooled, 140 A_avg Ignitron
ZX1053 – Water-cooled, 355 A_avg Ignitron
ZX1060 – Water-cooled, 10 A_avg Ignitron
ZX1061 – Water-cooled, 10 A_avg Ignitron
ZX1062 – Water-cooled, 10 A_avg Ignitron
ZX1063 – Water-cooled, 10 A_avg Ignitron

ZY

ZY1000 (872B) – High voltage, half-wave mercury-vapor rectifier
ZY1001 = 8008A – High voltage, half-wave mercury-vapor rectifier, 4-pin base with anode top cap
ZY1002 – High voltage, half-wave mercury-vapor rectifier, E40 (Goliath) Edison screw lamp base with anode top cap

ZZ

ZZ1000 = 8228 – 81 V Voltage reference, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed
ZZ1010 – 85 V Voltage reference
ZZ1020 (STV85-8) – 82 V Voltage reference with primer electrode, 3-pin all-glass pigtailed
ZZ1030 (STV500-0,1) – Quad 125 V Voltage references, noval base, used all series-connected to stabilize the dynode voltages of photomultipliers
ZZ1031 – Quad Voltage reference, noval base
ZZ1040 (STV100-60Z) – 100 V Voltage reference with primer electrode
ZZ1050 – 82 V Voltage reference, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed

List of European transmitting tubes

Note: Typecode explained above.

B - Backward-wave amplifier

BA

BA9/20 = 7635 – X-band, 20 mW, Forced-air cooled backward-wave oscillator
BA16/10 = 7636 – K_u-band, 10 mW, Backward-wave oscillator

D - Rectifier incl. grid-controlled

DA

DA1.5/75 – 1.5 kV, 75 W Half-wave power rectifier, triode TA1.5/75 without grid
DA12/24000 – 12 kV, 24 kW Water-cooled half-wave power rectifier

DC

DC1/50 – 1 kV, 50 mA Full-wave power rectifier, DC1/60 with dual anode top cap
DC1/60 – 1 kV, 60 mA Full-wave power rectifier
DC2/200 – 2 kV, 200 mA Full-wave power rectifier with dual anode top cap

DCG

DCG1/125 – 1 kV, 125 mA Half-wave mercury-vapor rectifier with Edison screw lamp base and anode top cap
DCG4/1000G (866A) – Mercury-vapor rectifier
DCG5/5000GB (872A) – Mercury-vapor rectifier
DCG5/5000GS (8008A, ZY1001) – Mercury-vapor rectifier
DCG6/18 (6693) – Mercury-vapor rectifier
DCG9/20 (6508) – Mercury-vapor rectifier
DCG12/30 (5870) – 12 kV, 30 A Grid-controlled, half-wave mercury-vapor rectifier with anode top cap

DCX

DCX4/1000 (3B28) – 4 kV, 1 kW Half-wave xenon rectifier with anode top cap
DCX4/5000 (4B32) – 4 kV, 5 kW Half-wave xenon rectifier with anode top cap

DE

DE2/200 – 2 kV, 200 W Full-wave power rectifier with dual anode top cap

J - Magnetron

JP

JP8/02B – 8.8 GHz, 25 W Magnetron
JP9/15 – 9.345 to 9.405 GHz, 15 kW Forced-air cooled magnetron for pulsed service

JPT

JPT9/01 – 9.15 to 9.60 GHz, 5 W Magnetron

K - Klystron

KB

KB9/150W – X-band, 150 W Water-cooled, dual-resonator klystron

KS

KS7/85 – 6.5 to 7.5 GHz, 85 mW Reflex klystron

L - Traveling-wave tube

LA

LA4/250 = 7637 – 3.6 to 4.2 GHz Forward-wave amplifier
LA9/3 = 7638 – 7 to 11.5 GHz Forward-wave amplifier
LA16/2 = 7639 – 11.5 to 18 GHz Forward-wave amplifier

M - AF modulator Triode

MA

MA4/600 – 4 kV, 600 W Radiation-cooled triode

MB

MB1/50 – 1 kV, 50 W Radiation-cooled triode
MB2/200 – 2 kV, 200 W Radiation-cooled triode

MC

MC1/50 – 1 kV, 50 W Radiation-cooled triode
MC1/60 – 1 kV, 60 W Radiation-cooled triode
MC2/200 – 2 kV, 200 W Radiation-cooled triode

MY

MY3/275 – 3 kV, 275 W Radiation-cooled triode

MZ

MZ2/200 – 2 kV, 200 W Radiation-cooled triode

P - Pentode

PA

PA12/15 – 15 kW Water-cooled shortwave pentode
PA12/20 – 20 kW Water-cooled pentode made by Philips and used in the 1930s and 1940s

PAL

PAL12/15 – Air-cooled version of PAW12/15

PAW

PAW12/15 – 15 kW Water-cooled shortwave pentode

PB

PB2/200 – 200 W Shortwave pentode
PB3/1000 – 1 kW Shortwave pentode

PC

PC03/3 – 3 W Shortwave pentode
PC3/1000 – 1 kW Shortwave pentode

PE

PE04/10 – 10 W Shortwave pentode
PE1/100 (6083, YL1200) – 100 W Shortwave pentode

Q - Tetrode

QB

QB2/75 – 75 W Beam tetrode
QB2/250 (813) – Beam tetrode
QB3/200 (4-65A, 8165) – Beam tetrode
QB3/300 (6155, 4D21, 4-125A) – Beam tetrode
QB3.5/750 (6156, 5D22, 4-250A) – Beam tetrode
QB4/1100 (7527) – Beam tetrode
QB5/1750 (6179) – Beam tetrode
QB5/2000 – 2 kW Beam tetrode

QBL

QBL4/800 (4X500A) – Air-cooled 800 W beam tetrode
QBL5/3500 (6076) – Air-cooled 3500 W beam tetrode

QBW

QBW5/3500 (6075) – Water-cooled 3500 W beam tetrode

QC

QC05/15 – 15 W Beam tetrode
QC05/35 (8042) – 35 W Beam tetrode

QE

QE04/10 – 10 W Beam tetrode
QE05/40 (6146) – 40 W Radiation-cooled output beam tetrode, popular amongst radio amateurs as a final RF amplifier
QE06/50 (807) – 50 W Radiation-cooled output beam tetrode
QE08/200 (7378) – 200 W Beam tetrode

QEL

QEL1/150 (4X150A, 7034) – Air-cooled 150 W beam tetrode
QEL1/250 – Air-cooled 250 W beam tetrode

QEP

QEP20/18 – 18 W Beam tetrode for use as a pulse modulator

QQC

QQC03/14 (7983) – 14 W Dual beam tetrode
QQC04/15 (5895) – Dual beam tetrode

QQE

QQE02/5 (6939) – 5 W Dual beam tetrode
QQE03/12 (6360) – 12 W Dual beam tetrode
QQE03/20 (6252) – 20 W Dual beam tetrode
QQE04/5 (7377) – 5 W Dual beam tetrode
QQE04/20 (832A) – Dual beam tetrode
QQE06/40 (5894, YL1060) – 40 W dual beam tetrode, internally neutralized, Septar base with dual anode top cap

QQV

QQV02/6 – 6 W Dual beam tetrode
QQV03/20A – 20 W Radiation-cooled split-anode tetrode made by Mullard and used in the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s as a VHF frequency-doubling output stage with balanced output.
QQV07/50 – 50 W Dual beam tetrode

QQZ

QQZ03/20 (8118, YL1020) – 20 W Dual beam tetrode
QQZ06/40 (YL1030) – 40 W Dual beam tetrode

QV

QV04/7 – 7 W Beam tetrode
QV05/25 (807) – 25 W Radiation-cooled output beam tetrode made by Mullard.
QV2/250C – 250 W Beam tetrode

QY

QY3/65 – 65 W Beam tetrode
QY5/3000A – 3 kW Beam tetrode
QY5/3000W – Water-cooled version of QY5-3000A

QYS

QYS50/P40 – Pulsed power tetrode, Silica envelope, 50 kV anode voltage, considerable X-radiation, 810 °C anode temperature at 700 W anode dissipation, 40 A anode current at duty factor 0.0005, U_g1Cut-off (I_A=1 mA@U_A=55 kV): > -3.4 kV, g_m: 38 mS

QZ

QZ06/20 – 25 W VHF Power tetrode up to 175 MHz

R - Rectifier

RG

RG1000/3000 – 1 kV, 3 A Half-wave mercury-vapor rectifier with anode top cap

RGQ

RGQ7.5/0.6 – 7.5 kV, 600 mA Half-wave mercury-vapor rectifier with anode top cap
RGQ20/5 – 20 kV, 5 A Half-wave mercury-vapor rectifier with anode top cap

T - AF/RF/oscillator Triode

TA

TA04/5 – 400 V, 50 W Radiation-cooled power triode
TA1.5/75 – 1.5 kV, 75 W Radiation-cooled power triode
TA4/2000K – 4 kV, 2 kW Air-cooled power triode made by Philips in the 1930s
TA18/100000 – 18 kV, 100 kW Water-cooled power triode

TAL

TAL12/10 – 12 kV, 10 kW Forced-air cooled power triode
TAL12/20 – 12 kV, 20 kW Forced-air cooled power triode
TAL12/35 – 12 kV, 35 kW Forced-air cooled power triode

TAW

TAW12/10 – 12 kV, 10 kW Water-cooled power triode
TAW12/20 – 12 kV, 20 kW Water-cooled power triode
TAW12/35G – 12 kV, 35 kW Water-cooled power triode

TB

TB04/8 – Directly heated Doorknob VHF power triode up to 600 MHz
TB2.5/400 – 2.5 kV, 300 W Radiation-cooled power triode
TB3/750 (5867) – Radiation-cooled power triode
TB4/1250 (5868) – Radiation-cooled power triode
TB5/2500 (7092) – 5 kV, 2.5 kW Radiation-cooled power triode

TBH

TBH6/14 – 6 kV, 14 kW Water/helix-cooled power triode
TBH6/6000 – 6 kV, 6 kW Water/helix-cooled power triode
TBH7/8000 – 7 kV, 8 kW Water/helix-cooled power triode
TBH7/9000 – 7 kV, 9 kW Water/helix-cooled power triode
TBH12/25 – 12 kV, 25 kW Water/helix-cooled power triode
TBH12/38 – 12 kV, 38 kW Water/helix-cooled power triode

TBL

TBL2/300 (7004) – 2 kV, 300 W Forced-air cooled power triode
TBL6/14 (7804) – Forced-air cooled power triode
TBL6/4000 (7753) – Forced-air cooled power triode
TBL6/6000 (5924) – Forced-air cooled power triode
TBL7/8000 (6961) – Forced-air cooled power triode
TBL12/38 (7806) – Forced-air cooled power triode
TBL12/100 (6078) – Forced-air cooled power triode
TBL15/125 – 15 kV, 125 kW Forced-air cooled power triode

TBW

TBW6/14 (7805) – 6 kV, 14 kW Water-cooled power triode
TBW6/6000 (5923) – Water-cooled power triode
TBW7/8000 (6960) – Water-cooled power triode
TBW12/38 (7807) – Water-cooled power triode
TBW12/100 (6077) – Water-cooled power triode
TBW15/125 – 15 kV, 125 kW Water-cooled power triode

TC

TC03/5 – RF power triode up to 85 MHz, 5 W
TC2/250 – RF power triode up to 20 MHz, 250 W

TD

TD03/5 – Indirectly heated disk-seal UHF power triode up to 2 GHz
TD03/10 – Indirectly heated disk-seal UHF power triode up to 2.8 W, 3.75 GHz

TD03/10F – TD03/10 with internal feedback for use as an oscillator

TD04/20 – Indirectly heated disk-seal UHF power triode up to 13.5 W, 1 GHz
TD1/100C (2C39BA) – Indirectly heated, ceramic disk-seal UHF power triode up to 24 W, 3.5 GHz^[226]
TD2/400 – Directly heated, ceramic disk-seal UHF power triode up to 600 W, 900 MHz
TD2/500 – Directly heated, ceramic disk-seal UHF power triode up to 500 W, 940 MHz

TE

TE05/10 – RF power triode up to 150 MHz

TX

TX12/12W – Water-cooled RF power triode
TX12/20W – Water-cooled RF power triode
TX10/4000 – Power triode, Silica envelope, 12 kV anode voltage, 4 kW anode dissipation, 1.6 A cathode current, g_m: 4.5 mS, for use as self-excited high-power oscillator in induction heating equipment.

TY

TY2/125 – 135 W VHF power triode up to 200 MHz
TY12/50A – Forced-air cooled 45 kW RF power triode up to 30 MHz
TY12/50W – Water-cooled 50 kW RF power triode up to 30 MHz

TYS

TYS2/250 – Power triode, Silica envelope, 2.5 kV anode voltage, 250 W anode dissipation
TYS4/500 – Power triode, Silica envelope
TYS5/1000 – Power triode, Silica envelope
TYS5/2000 – Power triode, Silica envelope
TYS5/3000 – Power triode, Silica envelope, 6 kV anode voltage, 950 °C anode temperature at 3.5 kW anode dissipation, 2.8 A cathode current, g_m: 15 mS. Used in RF generators for induction hardening.

X - Thyratron

XGQ

XGQ2/6400 – 2 kV, 6.4 kW Mercury-vapor tetrode thyratron with anode and grid1 top caps

XR

XR1/1600 (5545) – 1 kV, 1.6 kW Inert gas-filled triode thyratron with anode top cap

XR1/1600A (8063) – Improved XR1/1600

XR1/3200A (7981) – 1.5 kV, 40 A Inert gas-filled triode thyratron with anode top cap
XR1/6400 – 1 kV, 6.4 kW Inert gas-filled triode thyratron with anode top cap

List of other tubes since c. 1935

1

175HQ – Ultra high reliability pentode for use in long-haul submarine communications cable repeaters^[227]
1063A – Three-phase, half-wave, argon/mercury-vapor Tungar bulb, a low-voltage rectifier for charging 90-cell lead-acid batteries at 6 A per phase; 1.9 V, 11 A heater
1069K – Full-wave Tungar bulb for DC welding service at 60 A; 3.25 V, 70 A heater, forced-air cooling
1533A – Three-phase, half-wave, argon/mercury-vapor Tungar bulb, a low-voltage rectifier for charging 110-cell lead-acid batteries at 15 A per phase; 1.9 V, 23 A heater
1543A – Three-phase, half-wave, argon/mercury-vapor Tungar bulb, a low-voltage rectifier for charging 110-cell lead-acid batteries at 25 A per phase; 1.9 V, 36 A heater
1553A – Three-phase, half-wave, argon/mercury-vapor Tungar bulb, a low-voltage rectifier for charging 110-cell lead-acid batteries at 40 A per phase; 1.9 V, 70 A heater

1600s

1602 – Directly heated triode used for A.F. amplification with low microphonics. 7.5 volt heater/filament. 12 watts of A.F. operating in Class-A. 15 watts of low R.F. operating in Class-C. Similar to type 10
1603 – Indirectly heated pentode used for A.F. amplification with low microphonics. Similar to types 6U7, 57, 6D6 and 6C6. UX6 Base
1608 – Directly heated triode giving 20 watts at up to 45 MHz. 2.5 volt heater/filament. UX base
1609 – Directly heated pentode used for A.F. amplification with low microphonics. American 5-Pin(UY)base
1610 – Directly heated pentode specially designed for use as a crystal oscillator. 2.5 volt heater/filament, American 5-Pin base
1612 – Heptode pentagrid converter; low-microphonics version of type 6L7. Both control grids (1 and 3) are sharp-cutoff
1619 – Beam Power Tetrode, similar to 6L6 with directly heated filament, common in World War II battle tank transmitters
1624, 1625 – Very similar to the 807, but with different heater voltage
1626 – RF triode, very similar to 6J5 but with 12.6 volt filament
1629 – Tuning indicator tube with DC amplifier triode unit
1630 – Indirectly heated, orbital-beam, secondary-emission, 12-pin Jumbo Acorn-type UHF hexode
1633 – Dual triode, equivalent to 6SN7 with 26 volt filament (World War II aircraft use)
1635 – Indirectly heated, 10.4 W dual AF power triode, 8-pin base
1636 – Secondary emission UHF beam deflection tube, used as a balanced mixer up to 600 MHz^[228]
1650 – High-altitude version of the 955 Acorn-type triode
1680 – Dual-control heptode for use as a NAND gate in a coincidence circuit in IBM computers, 6BE6/EK90 with a sharp-cutoff #3 grid

2

24B1 – Trigatron
24B9 – Trigatron
29C1 – Directly heated saturated-emission diode; acts as a heating current-controlled, variable series resistor in voltage/current stabilizer circuits

200s

Note: The Cossor 200-series is here

203A – 40 W, Directly heated RF transmitter power triode, 4-pin base, anode on top cap
204A – 450 W, Directly heated RF transmitter power triode, 3-pin base, anode on top cap
205D – 1 W, Directly heated AF or modulator power triode, 4-pin base
207 – 22.5 kW, Water-cooled, directly heated RF transmitter power triode
210T – Directly heated RF transmitter power triode, 4-pin base, similar to type 10 triode with an Isolantite base
211 – 260 W, Directly heated AF or modulator power triode now favored by audiophiles; 4-pin base
212E – 250 W, Directly heated RF transmitter power triode, 4-pin base
215A – Directly heated, miniature AF/IF/detector triode, 1 V/250 mA filament, 4-terminal bayonet base
220B – 5 kW, Water-cooled, directly heated AF/modulator power triode
228 – 2.5 kW, Directly heated RF/AF power triode
232C – 8.5 kW, Water-cooled, directly heated RF transmitter power triode
236A – 12 kW, Water-cooled, directly heated RF transmitter power triode
241B – 300 W, Directly heated AF/modulator power triode, 3-pin base, anode on top cap
242A – Directly heated AF/modulator power triode, 4-pin base
250TH – 1.1 kW, Directly heated AF/modulator power triode, 4-pin base, anode on top cap
254A – 14 W, Directly heated RF transmitter power triode, 4-pin base, anode on top cap
261A – 170 W, Directly heated AF/modulator power triode, 4-pin base
268A – 20 W, Directly heated power triode, 4-pin base, anode on top cap
270A – 585 W, Directly heated AF/RF power triode, 4-pin base, anode on top cap
275A – 3 W, Directly heated AF power triode, 4-pin base
276A – 170 W, Directly heated AF/RF power triode, 4-pin base
279A – 1.75 kW, Directly heated AF/RF power triode
295A – 125 W, Directly heated AF/RF power triode, 4-pin base
298A – 5 kW, Water-cooled, directly heated power triode

3

300s

300B – 40 watt directly heated power triode, 4-pin base
316A = VT191 – Directly heated Doorknob-type UHF power triode up to 750 MHz
322 – Oil can-type disk-seal UHF clipper power diode, 800 V_PIV, 15 W, 1500 MHz
328 – Full-wave, argon-filled Tungar bulb, a low-voltage rectifier for charging 12V lead-acid batteries at 1.3 A
329 – 1.15 A, Dual (5...15 and 10...30 V) ballast tube for use with the 328 Tungar bulb
368A – Directly heated Doorknob UHF power triode, graphite anode, up to 1.7 GHz^[229]
388A – Directly heated Doorknob UHF power triode, graphite anode, up to 1.7 GHz^[229]

4

4AP10 – Skiatron, a CRT where the conventional light-emitting phosphor layer is replaced with a scotophor such as potassium chloride, which has the property that when a crystal is struck by an electron beam, it would change from translucent white to a dark magenta, and when flooded with high-intensity infrared, or by electro-thermal heating, would change back to translucent white. It therefore needs backlighting or external illumination like today's electronic paper^[230]^[231]

400s

Note: The Cossor 400-series is here

416B/6280 – Planar SHF power triode, 500 mW output at 4 GHz
416D – Planar SHF power triode with BeO spacers, 5 W output at 4 GHz
446A – Early Lighthouse UHF triode, 10 dB noise figure at 1 GHz
450TH – Early Eimac high-mu power triode, 450 watt anode dissipation up to 40 MHz^[232]
451 – Full-wave, argon-filled Tungar bulb, a low-voltage rectifier for charging 6V lead-acid batteries at 1.3 A
452 – 1.15 A, Dual (3.5...10 and 7...20 V) ballast tube for use with the 451 Tungar bulb^[233]
455A – Ultra high reliability pentode for use in submarine communications cable repeaters^[234]

5

5BP1 (1802-P1) – Monochrome cathode-ray tube for use in pre-World War II oscilloscopes. Electrostatic deflection, P1 green, short-persistence phosphor, 5½" screen.^[235]
5BP3 (1802-P3) – Pre-World War II, monochrome CRT, electrostatic deflection, P3 yellow, medium-persistence phosphor, 5½" screen.^[235]
5BP4 (1802-P4) – Five-inch CRT used in pre-World War II television receivers, such as the RCA TRK-5 and in early radars such as the SCR-268 and SCR-270.^[236] Electrostatic deflection, P4 white, medium-persistence phosphor.^[235]
5BP11A – Monochrome CRT, electrostatic deflection, P11 blue, short-persistence phosphor, 4½" screen.^[237]
5CEP11 (blue, short persistence); 10VP15, 5AKP15, 5DKP15, 5ZP15 (blue-green, extremely short); 5BNP16, 5CEP16, 5DKP16, 5ZP16 (violet/near-ultraviolet, very short); 5AKP24, 5AUP24, 5DKP24, 5ZP24 (green, short); 131QP55 (blue-green, very short); 131QP56 (blue-violet, very short) – CRT-type flying-spot scanners for use in a telecine

500s

527 – High-mu power triode up to 900 W
559 – Lighthouse-type disk-seal UHF diode
592 = 3-200A3 – Medium-mu power triode up to 200 W, 150 MHz

6

6P10 – Ultra high reliability pentode for use in short-haul submarine communications cable repeaters^[227]
6P12 – Ultra high reliability pentode for use in long-haul submarine communications cable repeaters^[227]

7

7JP1 – Monochrome cathode-ray tube for use in early postwar oscilloscopes. Electrostatic deflection, P1 green, short-persistence phosphor, 7" screen^[238]
7JP4 – Monochrome cathode ray tube common in early postwar TV receivers. Electrostatic deflection, P4 white, medium-persistence phosphor, 7" screen^[238]
7JP7 – Monochrome cathode ray tube for use in early postwar radar displays. Electrostatic deflection, P7 blue-white, long-persistence phosphor, 5½" screen^[238]

700s

703A – Directly heated Doorknob UHF power triode up to 1.5 GHz
713A – Indirectly heated Doorknob UHF power pentode
717A (CV3594, VT269) – Indirectly heated Doorknob UHF power pentode

8

800s

800 – Directly heated V.H.F. power triode, giving 35 watts up to 60 MHz and 18 watts at 180 MHz. American 4-Pin(UX)base with side locating pin
801 – Directly heated power triode, used in pairs in Class-B in A.M. modulation sections of transmitters giving up to 45 watts of power at 60 MHz and 22 watts at 120 MHz
802 – Indirectly heated H.F. power pentode, giving 8 watts up to 30 MHz and 4 watts at 110 MHz
803 – Directly heated H.F. power pentode, giving 50 watts up to 20 MHz and 25 watts at 70 MHz
804 – Directly heated H.F. power pentode, giving 20 watts up to 15 MHz and 10 watts at 10 MHz
805 – Directly heated H.F. high-mu triode, giving 140 watts up to 30 MHz and 70 watts at 85 MHz
806 – Directly heated H.F. high-mu triode, giving 390 watts up to 30 MHz 195 watts at 100 MHz
807 – Indirectly heated H.F. beam power tetrode, giving 25 watts up to 30 MHz and 12 watts at 125 MHz. A variation of type 6L6 originally designed as a Class-C transmitter tube. Later used in pairs as push-pull outputs for high-wattage Class-AB₂ audio amplifiers. Also used as a horizontal output tube in early TV receivers. One of the first commercial tubes that used the top cap to connect the anode (instead of the control grid) to the circuit
808 – Directly heated H.F. high-mu triode, giving 140 watts up to 30 MHz and 70 watts at 130 MHz
809 – Directly heated H.F. high-mu triode, giving 55 watts up to 27 MHz and 30 watts at 100 MHz
810 – Directly heated H.F. triode, 10 volt filament and Zirconium Carbide anode. Base fits R.C.A. UT-541A Socket
811A – Directly heated H.F. triode, 6.3 volt filament, 88 watts
813 – Beam Power Tetrode possessing about 5 times the Anode dissipation of an 807
814 – A directly heated Beam Power Tetrode giving about 130 watts at 30 MHz and 65 watts at 100 MHz operating in Class-C
815 – An indirectly heated dual Pentode. International Octal, (IO), base
825 – First commercially available klystrode, a VHF/UHF linear-beam transmitting tube, similar to a klystron
829 – A dual indirectly heated beam power tetrode. Two 6.3 volt heaters sharing a common tap
830 – A directly heated triode giving about 50 watts at 15 MHz and 7.5 watts at 60 MHz operating in Class-C
831 – A directly heated triode giving about 400 watts at 20 MHz and 200 watts at 60 MHz operating in Class-C. 11 volt heater/filament
833 – A larger directly heated high-mu triode giving about 1 kW at 30 MHz and 500 watts at 45 MHz operating in Class-C. Usable up to 100 MHz at reduced power, (400 W). 10 volt heater/filament drawing 10 A. The anode of this device is fabricated from tantalum. Anode current of 800 mA with an anode voltage of 3 kV and grid voltage of zero. Anode current of 4.3 A at a voltage of 750 with 350 volt on the grid. Uses two-part R.C.A socket assembly UT-103.^[239]

833A – Improved 833

834 – A directly heated triode giving 58 watts at 100 MHz and 25 watts at 350 MHz operating in Class-C. 7.5 volt heater/filament. Fitted with an American 4-Pin, (UX4), base with side locating pin
836 – An indirectly heated high vacuum rectifier with a peak inverse voltage of 5 kV and peak anode current of 1 ampere. 2.5 volt heater
837 – An indirectly heated pentode giving 11 watts at 20 MHz and 5 watts at 80 MHz. operating in Class-C. 12.6 volt heater
838 – A directly heated triode giving about 100 watts at 30 MHz operating in Class-C. 10 volt heater/filament
841 – A directly heated high-mu triode giving about 10 watts at 6 MHz and 5 watts at 170 MHz operating in Class-C. 7.5 volt heater/filament
842 – A directly heated triode giving about 3 watts at 6 MHz operating in Class-C. 7.5 volt heater/filament
843 – An indirectly heated tetrode giving gain at 6 MHz and usable up to 200 MHz operating in Class-C. 2.5 volt heater/filament
844 – A directly heated triode giving gain at 6 MHz and usable up to 155 MHz operating in Class-C. 2.5 volt heater/filament
845 – A directly heated triode giving up to 24 watts if undistorted power in Class-A at audio frequency with an anode voltage of 1250. 11 volt heater/filament
849 – A directly heated triode giving gain at 3 MHz operating in Class-C. Two 849s, working in push-pull Class-B are capable of delivering 1.1 kW of audio output with an anode voltage of 3 kV. Usable up to 30 MHz. 11 volt filament/heater
850 – A directly heated tetrode giving 120 watts of power gain up to 13 MHz and 50 watts at 100 MHz, operating in Class-C. 10 volt heater/filament
851 – A directly heated triode giving 1.5 kW of power up to 3 MHz operating in Class-C. 11 volt heater/filament
852 – A directly heated triode giving 75 W of power up to 30 MHz operating in Class-C. 10 volt heater/filament
857B – Large mercury-vapor rectifier used in 50 kW class broadcast transmitters. 22 kV anode voltage, 10 A anode current. Filament 5 V @ 30 A
860 – A directly heated tetrode giving 105 W of power up to 30 MHz and 50 watts at 120 MHz operating in Class-C. 10 volt heater/filament
861 – A directly heated triode giving 400 W of power up to 20 MHz and 200 watts at 60 MHz operating in Class-C. 11 volt heater/filament
862 – Large water-cooled triode for broadcast/industrial applications. Used in experimental 500 kW transmitter at WLW
864 – A directly heated general-purpose, low-microphonics triode with a maximum anode voltage of 135 volts and anode current of 3.5 mA. 1.1 volt heater/filament
865 – A directly heated tetrode giving 30 W of power up to 15 MHz 15 watts at 70 MHz operating in Class-C. 11 volt heater/filament
866

866A
– A mercury-vapor rectifier with a peak inverse voltage of 5 kV and peak anode current of 1 ampere. Average anode current, 250 mA, forward drop, 15 volt. Heater voltage and current, 2.5 at 5 A. American 4-Pin(UX) base

866A – Improved 866 with a peak inverse voltage of 10 kV and a forward drop of 10 volt

872 – A mercury-vapor rectifier with a peak inverse voltage of 5 kV and peak anode current of 5 amperes. Average anode current, 1250 mA, forward drop, 15 volt. Heater voltage, 5.0 at 10 A. Base fits R.C.A. UT-541A Socket

872A – Improved 872 with a peak inverse voltage of 10 kV, a forward drop of 10 volt and a heater current of 6.25 A

879 – A high vacuum rectifier with a peak inverse voltage of ca. 15 kV and peak anode current of ca. 5 mA. 2.5 volt heater and American 4-Pin, (UX) base. Used as half-wave rectifier for high voltage cathode ray tube supplies. Similar to type 2X2
884 – An indirectly heated triode thyratron. 6.3 volt heater/filament, International Octal, (IO), base. Electrically similar to type 885. Once commonly used as a sawtooth horizontal sweep waveform generator in recurrent-sweep oscilloscopes. Marketed by DuMont under the type number 6Q5
885 – An indirectly heated triode thyratron. 2.5 volt heater/filament, American 5-Pin (UY) base. Otherwise similar to type 884
898 – Large water-cooled triode for broadcast/industrial applications. Updated version of 862, with 3 phase filament structure

9

900s

920 – Dual gas-filled phototube, caesium-coated cathode with spectral S1 response (red/infrared, maximum sensitivity at 750 nm), 4-pin base, for use in a differential circuit to read variable-area film soundtracks
931 – First mass-produced photomultiplier, 9-stage, spectral S4 response, 11-pin base, still in production today
934 – Vacuum phototube, spectral S4 response (violet, maximum sensitivity at 400±50 nm), 3-pin Small-Shell Peewee base
935 – Vacuum phototube, spectral S5 response (UV-A, maximum sensitivity at 340±50 nm), 4-pin octal base
950 – Power pentode with directly heated cathode, used in storage battery home radios with 2.0 volt filament supply. Similar to types 1F4 and 1J5G
951 – Sharp-cutoff pentode with directly heated cathode, used in storage battery home radios with 2.0 volt filament supply. Similar to type 1B4P
953 – Acorn-type UHF diode; 6.3 V heater
954 (4672/E1F) – Indirectly heated Acorn-type sharp-cutoff pentode giving gains of 2...3 up to 300 MHz operating in Class-A and usable up to 600 MHz with careful stage design; 6.3 V heater
955 (4671/E1C) – Indirectly heated Acorn-type triode giving a power of 135 mW up to 600 MHz operating in Class-A and 500 mW in Class-C with careful stage design; 6.3 V heater
956 (4695/E2F) – Indirectly heated Acorn-type remote-cutoff pentode giving gains of 3...4 up to 600 MHz operating in Class-A with careful stage design; 6.3 V heater
957 (D1C) – Directly heated Acorn-type UHF receiving triode; 1.25 V filament for portable equipment
958 (D2C) – Directly heated Acorn-type UHF transmitting triode with dual, paralleled 1.25 V filaments for increased emission, for portable equipment

958A – 958 with tightened emission specs

959 (D3F) – Directly heated Acorn-type sharp-cutoff UHF pentode; 1.25 V filament for portable equipment
991 – 60-Volts Voltage reference, T4½ lightbulb with dual-contact, bayonet candelabra mount

9000s

9001 – 954 with a miniature 7-pin base
9002 – 955 with a miniature 7-pin base
9003 – 956 with a miniature 7-pin base
9004 – Acorn UHF diode
9005 – Acorn UHF diode with a 3.6 V heater
9006 – Detector diode with a miniature 7-pin base

A

Edison and Swan Electric Light Company (British Mazda/EdiSwan):

A40 – Acorn UHF triode up to 600 MHz, 4 Volts heater
A41 – Acorn UHF pentode up to 600 MHz, 4 Volts heater

**AC*/**

Mazda/EdiSwan 4-volts AC, indirectly heated ("Mains Operated") receiver tubes:

AC/HL – AF triode, British 5-pin base
AC/HLDD = TDD4 = MHD4 – Dual diode and AF triode, British 7-pin base
AC/ME – Tuning indicator, British 7-pin base
AC/P, AC/P1 – AF triode, British 5-pin base
AC/P4 – CRT electrostatic-deflection output power triode, British 5-pin base
AC/PEN – AF power pentode, British 7-pin base
AC/S2PEN – RF pentode, British 7-pin base
AC/SP1 – RF pentode for use in squelch circuits or, as the reactance tube, in AFC circuits, British 7-pin base
AC/SP3 – RF pentode for shortwave and TV receivers, British 7-pin base
AC/SP3/RH – Low-noise, low-microphonics RF pentode for shortwave and TV receivers, British 7-pin base
AC/TH1 – Triode/hexode mixer, British 9-pin base
AC/TP = TP4 – Triode/pentode oscillator/mixer, British 7-pin base
AC/VP1, AC/VP2 – RF pentode, British 7-pin base
AC2/HL – High-mu triode
AC2/PEN – AF Power pentode
AC2/PEN.DD – Dual diode and AF Power pentode
AC4/PEN – AF Beam power pentode
AC5/PEN – AF Beam power pentode
AC5/PEN.DD – Dual diode and AF Beam power pentode
AC6/PEN – Beam power pentode for use as a magnetic horizontal-deflection output amplifier

ACT

Marconi-Osram Valve Company:

ACT9 – 800 W (convection) or 1100 W (forced) Air cooled transmitting triode up to 15 MHz, with derating up to 80 MHz; 16 V/22 A heater

B

BA

Industrial Electronics Engineers:

BA-0000-P31 – Nimo tube, cathode-ray 1-digit numeric display tube, 10 stenciled electron guns aiming at a P31-phosphor (green, medium-persistence) fluorescent screen, top-viewing, Futura Medium font, 2.5 kV anode voltage, 12-pin base

BG

Burroughs:

BG08220-K – Neon-filled, planar, base-24 display dekatron with four sets of guiding cathodes and a carry/borrow cathode, for use e.g. in direction-finding equipment

BT

British Thomson-Houston (General Electric subsidiary):

BT1 – Thyratron used in Wynn-Williams' binary prescaler for the alpha particle counter that Rutherford, Chadwick et al. used for their nuclear research at the Cavendish Laboratory in the 1930s^[240]

C

CH

Tung-Sol:

CH1027 – Curristor – Four types of nitrogen-filled, radioactive constant-current tubes with a current plateau from 25 to 500 V, all-glass pigtailed, active material is ²²⁶Ra with a half-life of 1601 years, for linear capacitor charging and draining in missile and ordnance mine timing circuits, instrumentation biasing, as current reference, etc.:

CH1027-9 – 10⁻⁹ A, 18.75 μCi (694 kBq)
CH1027-10 – 10⁻¹⁰ A, 1.875 μCi (69.4 kBq)
CH1027-11 – 10⁻¹¹ A, 187.5 nCi (6.94 kBq)
CH1027-12 – 10⁻¹² A, 18.75 nCi (694 Bq)

CK

Raytheon:

CK1414 EBCDIC target
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CK1022 – 1 kV/5...55 µA Corona voltage reference, miniature 7-pin base with anode top cap
CK1037 = 6437 – 700 V/5...125 µA Corona voltage reference, 3-pin all-glass pigtailed
CK1038 – 900 V/5...55 µA Corona voltage reference, 3-pin all-glass pigtailed
CK1039 = 6438 – 1.2 kV/5...125 µA Corona voltage reference, 3-pin all-glass pigtailed
CK1366, CK1367, CK1368, CK1369 – CRTs with an unphosphored front glass but with fine wires embedded in it for use as electrostatic print heads; the wires would pass the electron beam current through the glass onto a sheet of paper where the desired content was therefore deposited as an electrical charge pattern. The paper was then passed near a pool of liquid ink with the opposite charge. The charged areas of the paper attract the ink and thus form the image.^[241]^[242]
CK1383 – Dual-electron gun recording storage tube, a realtime polar, radar PPI-to-rectangular, TV-type analog video transcoder similar to the 7702, with simultaneous R/W, and storing capability. This was achieved by a CRT/camera tube combination; the CRT part writes the PPI-format image onto a thin, dielectric target; the camera part reads the generated charge pattern in TV format from the back side of this target.^[243]
CK1414 – Symbolray character generator monoscope for text mode video rendering in early computer monitors, with a square target having letters, digits and symbols patterned on it in a customer-supplied 8x8 or 8x12 array. An electron beam selects and scans a character, both by appropriate electrostatic deflection, and generates an analog video signal;^[244]^[245] cf. 4560, TH9503

CL

Ferranti:

CL40 and CL41 – Indirectly heated, linear light source (glow modulator tube), mercury/argon-filled gas diode with primer electrode, 8-pin base, for rotating-drum FAX receivers, film soundtrack recording, etc.
CL42 and CL43 – Indirectly heated, low-noise linear light source, helium-filled gas diode with primer electrode, 8-pin base, for film soundtrack recording, interferometers, etc.
CL44 – Indirectly heated, low-noise linear light source, neon-filled gas diode with primer electrode, 8-pin base
CL50 and CL52 – Indirectly heated, linear light source, gas-filled diode with primer electrode, 7-pin base, for rotating-drum FAX receivers, film soundtrack recording, etc.
CL55 – Indirectly heated, spectrally pure light source, helium-filled gas diode with primer electrode, 7-pin base with anode top cap
CL56 – Indirectly heated, spectrally pure light source, krypton-filled gas diode with primer electrode, 7-pin base with anode top cap
CL57 – Indirectly heated, spectrally pure light source, neon-filled gas diode with primer electrode, 7-pin base with anode top cap
CL58 – Indirectly heated, spectrally pure light source, xenon-filled gas diode with primer electrode, 7-pin base with anode top cap
CL60 – Indirectly heated triode flood beam CRT-type stroboscope lamp with a green A-type phosphor with <1 μs decay time and 10 kCd light output, 20 kV anode voltage, 7-pin duodecal base
CL61 – CL60 with a blue P-type phosphor with 5 μs decay time and 16 kCd light output
CL62 – CL60 with an UV Q-type phosphor with 100 ns decay time and 240 Cd light output
CL63 – CL60 with a yellow-green C-type phosphor with 6 μs decay time and 24 kCd light output
CL64 – CL60 with a yellow V-type phosphor with 5 μs decay time and 12 kCd light output
CL65 – CL60 with a red R-type phosphor with 2 μs decay time and 14 kCd light output
CL66 – CL60 with a white T-type phosphor with 5 μs decay time and 12 kCd light output

D

DDR

Mullard:

DDR100 – 100 g max., 250 Hz max., Mechanotron-type 1-axis accelerometer dual diode with elastically supported anodes, 6.3V/600mA indirect heater, f_res = 1 kHz, B8G base^[246]

DZ

Cerberus:

DZ10 – 3 kHz max. Decade Counter/Selector Dekatron, 14-pin diheptal base

E

ECT

Elesta:

ECT100 – 1 MHz, top-viewing, bidirectional, decade Dekatron^[247]

EN

Ferranti:

EN10 – Neostron, 400 A_pk Gas-filled, cold-cathode tetrode thyratron, differential trigger electrodes, 8-pin base, for use as a relay or as a reddish 700 Cd stroboscope lamp
EN15 – 80 A_avg Neon-filled, cold-cathode tetrode thyratron, differential trigger electrodes, miniature 9-pin base, for use as a stroboscope lamp
EN30 – 250 A_pk Gas-filled, arc-discharge cold-cathode tetrode thyratron, differential trigger electrodes, miniature 7-pin base with anode cap, for use as a relay or as a stroboscope lamp
EN40 – 250 A_pk Gas-filled, cold-cathode tetrode thyratron, differential trigger electrodes, 8-pin base, for use as a whitish stroboscope lamp with a high actinism for photographic film
EN55 Single, EDN10 dual xenon-filled, arc-discharge cold-cathode tetrode thyratron, external (capacitive) trigger, 12-pin base, for use as a white 140 kCd stroboscope lamp
EN60 – Gas-filled, arc-discharge cold-cathode tetrode thyratron, external (capacitive) trigger, Edison screw lamp base with anode cap, for use as a white 900 klm@10µF@800V stroboscope lamp

ESR

Elesta:

ESR2 – Neon-filled, cold-cathode Trigger pentode (two starter electrodes and a primer electrode) and two voltage references, for use in precision timers^[248]

EZ

Elesta:

EZ10B – 1 MHz max. Decade Counter/Selector Dekatron^[249]^[250]

G

Standard Telephones and Cables/Brimar:

G10/241E – Nomotron, an unidirectional Dekatron with multi-alloy cathodes

Cerberus:

G11 – 5 mA Gas-filled, cold-cathode switching diode e.g. for relaxation oscillators, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed
G42 – 35 mA_peak Gas-filled switching diode e.g. for relaxation oscillators, 2-pin all-glass pigtailed

GE

Ferranti:

GE10 – Directly heated saturated-emission diode. Acts as a heating current-controlled, variable series resistor in voltage/current stabilizer circuits. It has two shorted pins that can be used to disable the circuit if the tube is removed from its socket

GK

Cerberus:

GK11 – Touch button tube, an illuminated capacitance touch switch; a cold-cathode DC relay tube, external (capacitive) starter activated by touching; then the cathode glow is visible as an orange ring. 2-pin all-glass pigtailed

GN

Ferranti:

GN10 – 250 Amps pulse-current, cold-cathode tetrode thyratron. Octal base

GR

Cerberus:

GR15 – 15 mA Gas-filled cold-cathode DC tetrode, one starter and one electrical primer and tritium-primed (half-life: 12.32 years), noval base, for voltage triggers, RC timers etc.
GR16 – 20 mA Gas-filled, cold-cathode, tritium-primed AC/DC triode, one starter and an EM shield, noval base, for voltage triggers, RC timers etc.
GR17 – 15 mA Gas-filled cold-cathode AC triode, one starter and an EM shield, noval base, for voltage triggers, RC timers etc.
GR31 – 15 mA Gas-filled cold-cathode DC tetrode, one starter and one electrical primer plus a tritium primer, noval base
GR44 – 12 mA Subminiature gas-filled cold-cathode DC pentode, two starters and one primer electrode plus a tritium primer, 5-pin all-glass pigtailed
GR46 – 12 mA Subminiature gas-filled cold-cathode DC tetrode, one starter and one primer electrode, 4-pin all-glass pigtailed

GRD

Ferranti:

GRD7 – Educational, directly heated saturated-emission guard ring diode

K

KN

KN2

Edgerton, Germeshausen, and Grier:

KN2 – 4 kV, 500 A_surge Krytron, a cold-cathode gas-filled tube with a primer electrode, for use as a very high-speed, high-surge current switch; similar to a thyratron, lifespan 10⁷ shots, 4-pin all-glass pigtailed^[251]
KN4 – 5 kV, 2.5 kA_surge Krytron with a primer electrode, lifespan 25000 shots, 4-pin all-glass pigtailed
KN6 – 5 kV, 3 kA_surge Krytron with a primer electrode, lifespan 35000 shots, 4-pin all-glass pigtailed

KN6B – 8 kV, 3 kA_surge Krytron with a primer electrode, lifespan 35000 shots, 4-pin all-glass pigtailed

KN9 – 4 kV, 500 A_surge Krytron with a primer electrode, lifespan 1.5⋅10⁷ shots, 4-pin all-glass pigtailed
KN11B – 2.5 kV, 1.5 kA_surge Sprytron, lifespan 2000 shots, 3-pin all-glass pigtailed
KN12 – 5 kV, 3 kA_surge Sprytron, lifespan 500 shots, 3-pin all-glass pigtailed
KN22 – 5 kV, 100 A_surge Krytron with a primer electrode, lifespan 2⋅10⁷ shots, 4-pin all-glass pigtailed, for laser pumping, to drive Pockels cells, also for educational purposes^[252]
KN26 – 5 kV, 3 kA_surge Krytron with a primer electrode, lifespan 75000 shots, 4-pin all-glass pigtailed

KT

Marconi-Osram Kinkless Tetrode beam power tubes

KT32 (25L6, 25L6G, 25L6GT and 25W6GT)
KT33 (25A6GT)
KT41
KT61 (6M6G) in parallel filament circuits
KT63 (6F6, 6F6G, 6F6GT)
KT66 (6L6GC)
KT67 – Small transmitting valve
KT71 (50L6GT)
KT77 – Similar to EL34, 6CA7
KT81
KT88 = 6550A = CV5220 (12E13, 7D11) – AF beam power tube, two tubes are capable of providing 100W output, Class-AB₁, octal base
KT90

"Tung-Sol":

KT120 – New production tube

Electro-Harmonix:

KT150 – New production tube

M

M8000s

UK Military developed:

M8083 – Sharp-cutoff pentode, miniature 7-pin base (SQ version of EF91 = 6AM6 = Z77)
M8162 = 6060 – High-mu dual triode, for use as RF amplifier/mixer in VHF circuits, noval base (SQ versions of ECC81 = 12AT7 = B309)

MC

Philips:

MC6-16, MC13-16 – CRT-type flying-spot scanners, P16-type phosphor (violet/near-ultraviolet, very short persistence), for use in a telecine

ME

Edison and Swan Electric Light Company (British Mazda/EdiSwan):

ME91 – AC/DC mains tuning indicator

P

PBG

Dale:

PBG12201 – Neon-filled, planar, dual 201-segment linear glow-transfer bar graph display tube with three cathode strings,^[253] for use in VU meters etc.; cf. BG08220-K
PBG12203 – Neon-filled, planar, dual 203-segment linear glow-transfer bar graph display tube with three cathode strings, for use in VU meters etc.
PBG12205 = BG12205 (Burroughs)^[254] – Neon-filled, planar, dual 201-segment linear glow-transfer bar graph display tube with five cathode strings, for use in VU meters etc.
PBG16101 – Neon-filled, planar, dual 101-segment linear glow-transfer bar graph display tube with three cathode strings, for use in VU meters etc.; similar to ИН-33

PD

Edison and Swan Electric Light Company (British Mazda/EdiSwan):

PD220 – Dual AF power triode for battery-supplied equipment (1939)

PL

Philips:

PL21 = 2D21 = EN91 – 100 mA_avg, 500 mA_peak, 10 A_surge, Gas-filled, indirectly heated tetrode thyratron, negative starter voltage, miniature 7-pin base, for relay and grid-controlled rectifier service
PL323 = 3C23 – 1.5 A_avg, 6 A_peak, Mercury-vapor triode thyratron, 4-pin base with anode top cap
PL5727 = 5727 – 100 mA_avg, 500 mA_peak, 10 A_surge, Tetrode thyratron, 7-pin miniature base

Q

Philips:

Q13-110GU – CRT-type flying-spot scanner, white phosphor, for use in a telecine

QK

Raytheon:

QK329 – Beam deflection square-law tube for use as a function generator in analog computers. A flat sheet beam is electrostatically deflected across the anode which is partially covered by a parabolically stenciled screen "grid" that acts as the tube's output. Two tubes may be combined to form a 1-quadrant analog multiplier using the equation $a \cdot b = (a + b) 2 - (a - b) 2 / 4$ where the deflection electrode signals $a + b$ and $a - b$ can be obtained directly from a fully balanced resistor bridge;^[255]^[256] cf. ЛФ-2 ff.

R

RK

Raytheon:

RK61 – Miniature, gas-filled, directly heated thyratron designed specifically to operate like a vacuum triode below its ignition voltage, allowing it to both amplify analog signals and work as a relaxation oscillator, for use as a self-quenching superregenreative detector up tp 100 MHz in radio control receivers, activating a relay in its anode circuit when a carrier wave is received; 4-pin all-glass pigtailed, 1.4 V, 45 mA filament, U_a=45 V, I_a=1.5 mA.^[257]
RK62 – RK61's predecessor, marketed since 1938;^[258] this was the major technical development which led to the wartime development of radio-controlled weapons and the parallel development of radio controlled modelling as a hobby.^[259]

S

SB

SB256

Radio Corporation of America:

SB256 – 256-bit Selectron tube, an early form of digital computer memory^[260]^[261]

T

British General Electric Company:

TuneOn – Early neon-filled bar graph tuning indicator, a glass tube with a short wire anode and a long wire cathode that glows partially; the glow length is proportional to the tube current^[262]
TuneOn Button – Early glow modulator used as a budget-priced tuning indicator – a neon lamp whose brightness is proportional to the tube current^[263]

Standard Telephones and Cables/Brimar:

Tunograph – Precursor of the "Magic Eye" tuning indicator first introduced in 1933; a tiny CRT with 1-axis electrostatic deflection and a phosphored target at 45° to the electron beam, so the projected green dot can be observed from the side^[264]

TH

Compagnie Française Thomson-Houston:

TH9503 – Scripticon, a character generator monoscope for text mode video rendering in early computer monitors, with a square target having letters, digits and symbols patterned on it in an (optionally customer-supplied) 8x8 array. An electron beam selects and scans a character, both by appropriate magnetic deflection, and generates an analog video signal;^[265] cf. 4560, CK1414

TT

Bendix:

TT8, TT9, TT13, TT15, TT17, TT18, TT20, TT21, TT22 – Chronotron, integrating, balanced-bridge hot-wire/PTC time delay devices

Marconi-Osram Valve Company:

TT11 – Low-power VHF transmitting beam tetrode
TT21 = 7623 (6.3 V/1.6 A heater), TT22 = 7624 (12.6 V/800 mA heater) – 37.5 W AF/RF beam power tetrode up to 30 MHz, derived from KT88
TT100 – RF beam power tetrode

V

VHT

Ferranti:

VHT1 – Pentagrid converter, 1933

Lettered Loctal tubes used in Philco radios

FM1000 – Unusual pentagrid for use as oscillator and coincidence-type phase detector in a PLL FM quadrature detector. The anode signal is loosely coupled into the oscillator tank and pulls it to stay quadrature-phase-locked with the IF;^[266] manufactured by Sylvania and used in Philco AM/FM radios of the late 1940s and early 1950s. Predecessor of the nonode approach
XXB – Medium-mu twin triode, also numbered 3C6/XXB
XXD – Medium-mu twin triode, also numbered 14AF7/XXD
XXFM – High-mu triode, twin diode (one shares its cathode with the triode, one with separate cathode), also numbered 7X7/XXFM
XXL – Medium-mu triode, also numbered 7A4/XXL

List of other tubes c. 1925–35

^[267]

Tubes with directly heated cathodes

Used with AC, DC or home-based storage battery power supplies (1927–31)

With a 1.1 Volt DC filament

Used in 1920s home radios. Filaments powered by 1.5 volt dry cells, anodes powered by storage batteries.

WD-11 – Triode/detector

With a 2.0 Volts DC filament

Used in 1930s home radios powered by storage batteries.

19 – Dual power triode – also used in farm radios with 6-volt vibrator power supplies. Early version of octal type 1J6G
20 – Power triode – Early versions numbered UX-120
22 – Sharp-cutoff tetrode – Early versions numbered UX-222 or CX-322
25S – Dual detector diode, medium-mu triode. Identical to type 1B5. Usually numbered 1B5/25S
30 – Medium-mu triode, An upgraded version of type 01-A – Early versions numbered RCA-230 or CX-330. Can also be used as a power triode. The type 30 was popular amongst amateurs of the day. Early UX4 based version of octal type 1H4G
31 – Power triode, UX4 based – Early versions numbered RCA-231 or CX-331
32 – Sharp-cutoff tetrode – Early versions numbered RCA-232 or CX-332
33 – Power pentode – Early versions numbered RCA-233 or C-333
34 – Remote-cutoff tetrode – Early versions numbered RCA-234 or CX-334
49 – Dual-grid power triode, similar to type 46

With a 3.3 Volts DC filament

Used in 1920s home radios powered by 3 dry cells with a rheostat (filaments) and storage batteries (B-plus voltage)

V99 – Low-mu triode. Except for stub-pin bayonet base and pinout, electronically similar to X99
X99 – Similar to V99, but with standard pins and different basing arrangement (pinout)

With a 4 Volts DC filament

3NF – Tube-based "integrated circuit" with 3 triodes and passive components (audion, AF preamp and power amp) in the same envelope, 4 V/350 mA heater^[268]

With a 5.0 Volts DC filament

Used in 1920s home radios powered by storage batteries.

00-A – Detector triode with a trace of argon. "00-A" is the number used in most tube manuals. Numbers for earlier versions include UX-200-A and CX-300-A (long pins, push-in socket) and UV-200-A (stub pins, bayonet socket)
01-A – All-purpose low-mu triode, used as RF amplifier, detector, AF amplifier and power triode. The most popular tube of the 1920s. "01-A" is the number used for replacements manufactured after 1930 and in tube manuals. Numbers for early versions include UX-201-A and CX-301-A (long pins, push in socket) and UV-201-A (stub pins, bayonet socket)

Note: There were four tubes in the "01" series, each with different current ratings for their filaments. Type 01-A was the most commonly used.

Types UV 201 and UX 201 – 1.0 ampere

Type 01-A (UV 201-A, UX 201-A, etc.) – 250 milliampere

Type UX 201-B – 125 milliampere

Type UX 201-C – 60 milliampere

12-A – Medium-mu triode, often used as detector, audio driver or audio output, but not as an RF amplifier. This type is listed in tube manuals after 1930 for replacements purposes. Also referred to as type 112-A. Many early versions are marked UX-112-A or CX-112-A
40 – Medium-mu triode – Early versions numbered UX-240. Introduced in 1927, this was an upgraded version of the "01" series. The "01" series had an amplification factor of 8, while type 40 had an amplification factor of 30 (by comparison, the two AC triodes introduced in the same time period – types 26 and 27 – had amplification factors of 8.3 and 9, respectively). Because this was the highest-amplification triode available, advertising literature of the time lists it as a high-mu triode, although it is now classified as a medium-mu triode. Type 40 had the highest amplification factor of any triode until the introduction in 1932 of diode/triode complex type 2A6, which had an amplification factor of 100. It also had the highest amplification factor of any DC filament triode until the introduction in 1939 of complementary diode/triode complex types 1H5GT (octal) and 1LH4 (Loctal), which both had amplification factors of 65

Directly AC-heated power tubes

10 – Power triode – Early versions numbered UX-210 or CX-310
26 – Medium-mu triode, used in early AC radio receivers manufactured in the late 1920s. Used as an RF or AF amplifier, but not as an dectetor or power output tube – Early versions numbered UX-226 or CX-326
45 – Power triode – Early versions numbered UX-245 or CX-345
46 – Dual grid power triode – Grids 1 and 2 connected together for use as push-pull Class-B outputs, Grid 2 and anode connected together for use as single-tube audio driver
47 – Power pentode – Early versions numbered RCA-247 or C-347
50 – Power triode – Early versions numbered UX-250 or CX-350
71-A – Power triode – This type listed in tube manuals after 1930 for replacements purposes. Also referred to as 171-A. Many early versions numbered as UX-171-A or CX-371-A

Directly AC-heated rectifier tubes

80 – Full-wave rectifier used in early power supplies or battery eliminators (electronically similar to 5Y3G) – Early versions numbered UX-280 or CX-380
81 – Half-wave rectifier – Early versions numbered UX-281 or CX-381
82 – Full-wave mercury-vapor rectifier
83 – Full-wave mercury-vapor rectifier

83-V – High-vacuum version of type 83, Early UX4 based version of octal type 5V4G

Tubes with indirectly heated cathodes

With a DC heater

15 – Sharp-cutoff pentode, used in farm radios, in autodyne circuits requiring a separate cathode
48 – Power tetrode, used in 32-volt farm radios. When two are parallel-connected, they can operate with anode and screen voltages as low as 28 volt

With a 2.5V heater

Powered by an AC transformer or a 2-cell NiCd

24 – Sharp-cutoff tetrode, UX5 based, Early versions numbered UY-224 and C-324

24-A – an upgraded version of type 24, see type 24 above. Early versions numbered UY-224A and C-324A

27 – Medium-mu triode, UX5 based, Early versions numbered UY-227 and C-327. The first North American tube with an indirectly heated cathode, which is necessary for detector circuits in AC powered tube radios
35 – Remote-cutoff tetrode, UX5 based, (Commonly branded as 35/51). Early versions numbered UY-235 or C-335
51 – Similar to 35, see type 35 above. (Commonly branded as 35/51)
53 – Dual power triodes, Class-B, UX7 based, (Except for heater, electronically similar to 6A6 and octal based 6N7)
55 – Dual-diode, medium-mu triode, UX6 based, (Except for heater, electronically similar to type 85, and octal based 6V7G, but not to 75)
56 – Medium-mu triode, UX5 based, (Except for heater, electronically similar to 76, and octal based 6P5G)
57 – Sharp-cutoff pentode used in cabinet and mantel radio receivers, UX6 based, (Except for heater, electronically similar to 6C6 and octal based 6J7G, and somewhat similar to type 77)
58 – Remote-cutoff pentode, UX6 based, (Except for heater, electronically similar to 6D6 and octal based 6U7G, but not to 78)
59 – Power pentode, UX7 based

With a 4V heater

Powered by an AC transformer or a 2-cell lead–acid battery

2HF – Tube-based "integrated circuit" with 2 tetrodes and passive components (2-stage RF preamp) in the same envelope, 4 V/165 mA heater^[268]
2HMD – Same with 2 pentodes and passive components (mixer and oscillator), 4 V/1.5 A heater
2NF – Same with 2 triodes and passive components (AF preamp and power amp), 4 V/600 mA heater
3NFW, 3NFK, 3NFL – Same as 3NF with a 4 V/1 A indirect heater (audion, AF preamp and power amp)
3NFBat, 3NFNet – Same as 3NF with a 4 V/125 mA indirect heater (audion, AF preamp and power amp)

With a 6.3V heater

Powered by an AC transformer or a vehicle crank battery

1-V – Half-wave rectifier with indirectly heated cathode, UX4 based, (often branded as type 1V/6Z3). Early version was KR-1
36 – Sharp-cutoff tetrode, UX5 based. Early versions numbered RCA-236 or C-336
37 – Medium-mu triode, UX5 based. Early versions numbered RCA-237 or C-337
38 – Power pentode, UX5 based. Early versions numbered RCA-238
39 – Remote-cutoff pentode, UX5 based (Commonly branded as 39/44)
41 – Power pentode, Early UX6 based version of octal type 6K6G, and Loctal type 7B5
42 – Power pentode, Early UX6 based version of octal type 6F6G, Except for heater, similar to types 2A5 and 18
44 – Similar to type 39, see type 39 above. (Commonly branded as 39/44)
75 – Dual-diode, high-mu triode. Early UX6 based version of octal types 6B6G & 6SQ7GT, and Loctal type 7B6, and 7-pin miniature type 6AV6/EBC91. Also except for heater, electronically similar to 2A6
76 – Medium-mu triode, Early UX5 based version of octal type 6P5G
77 – Sharp-cutoff pentode, Early UX6 based version of octal type 6J7G
78 – Remote-cutoff pentode, Early UX6 based version of octal type 6K7G
79 – Dual power triode, Early UX6 based version of octal type 6Y7G
84 – Full-wave rectifier with indirectly heated cathode, (often branded as type 84/6Z4). Early UX5 based version of octal type 6X5GT, and Loctal 7Y4, and 7-pin miniature 6X4
85 – Dual-diode, medium-mu triode. Early UX6 based version of octal type 6V7G, except for heater voltage similar to type 55. Also somewhat similar to octal type 6SR7GT and 7-pin miniature types 6BF6
89 – Power pentode, UX6 based

With an AC/DC series heater

43 – Power pentode, Early UX6 based version of octal type 25A6G
MO44 – Tube-based "integrated circuit" with 2 tetrodes and a capacitor (mixer and oscillator), 35 V/180 mA series heater^[268]
WG33 – Same with 2 triodes, 1 power tetrode and passive components (audion, AF preamp and power amp) in the same envelope, 50 V/180 mA series heater, 9+3-pin base with three top caps
WG34 – Same with 1 pentode, 1 power tetrode and passive components (audion, AF preamp and power amp), 50 V/180 mA series heater, 12-pin base
WG35 – Same with 1 pentode, 1 diode, 1 power tetrode and passive components (detector, AF variable-gain preamp and power amp), 63 V/180 mA series heater, 12-pin base with a tetrode grid top cap
WG36 – Same with 1 triode and 2 pentrodes (mixer, oscillator and IF amp), 65 V/180 mA series heater, 12-pin base
WG37 – Same with 1 tetrode, 2 pentodes and passive components (RF preamp, audion and AF power amp), 75 V/180 mA series heater, 12-pin base
WG38 – Same with 2 pentodes and a triode

Shielded tubes for Majestic radios

In the early 1930s, the Grigsby-Grunow Company – makers of Majestic brand radios – introduced the first American-made tubes to incorporate metal shields. These tubes had metal particles sprayed onto the glass envelope, copying a design common to European tubes of the time. Early types were shielded versions of tube types already in use. (The shield was connected to the cathode.) The Majestic numbers of these tube types, which are usually etched on the tube's base, have a "G" prefix (for Grigsby-Grunow) and an "S" suffix (for shielded). Later types incorporated an extra pin in the base so that the shield could be connected directly to the chassis.

Replacement versions from other manufacturers, such as Sylvania or General Electric, tend to incorporate the less expensive, form-fitting Goat brand shields that are cemented to the glass envelope.

Grigsby-Grunow did not shield rectifier tubes (except for type 6Y5 listed below) or power output tubes.

Early types based on existing tubes. (Non-shielded versions may be used, but add-on shielding is recommended.)

G-2A7-S – Pentagrid converter
G-2B7-S – Semiremote-cutoff pentode, dual detector diode
G-6A7-S – Pentagrid converter
G-6B7-S – Semiremote-cutoff pentode, dual detector diode
G-6F7-S – Remote-cutoff pentode, medium-mu triode
G-25-S – Medium-mu triode, dual detector diode for 2.0 volt storage battery radios. Glass type 1B5/25S used for replacement
G-51-S – Remote-cutoff tetrode
G-55-S – Medium-mu triode, dual detector diode
G-56-S – Medium-mu triode
G-56A-S – Medium-mu triode, original version of type 76, but with 400 milliampere heater. (Not to be confused with types 56 or G-56-S, which has a 2.5 volt, 1.0 ampere heater)
G-57-S – Sharp-cutoff pentode
G-57A-S – Sharp-cutoff pentode, original version of type 6C6, but with 400 milliampere heater. (Not to be confused with types 57 or G-57-S, which has a 2.5 volt, 1.0 ampere heater)
G-58-S – Remote-cutoff pentode
G-58A-S – Remote-cutoff pentode, original version of type 6D6, but with 400 milliampere heater. (Not to be confused with types 58 or G-58-S, which has a 2.5 volt, 1.0 ampere heater)
G-85-S – Similar to G-55-S, but with 6.3 volt heater

Later types

6C7 – Medium-mu triode, dual detector diode, similar to later octal types 6R7 and 6SR7. Seven pin base. (Shield to pin 3)
6D7 – Sharp-cutoff pentode, identical to type 6C6, but with 7-pin base. (Shield to pin 5)
6E7 – Remote-cutoff pentode, identical to type 6D6, but with 7-pin base. (Shield to pin 5)
6Y5 – Dual rectifier diode, similar to type 84/6Z4, but with 6-pin base. (Shield to pin 2)

Other tubes unique to Majestic radios

G-2-S and G-4-S – Dual detector diodes with common cathodes. The first detector diodes packaged in a separate tube. Forerunners of octal type 6H6. Spray-shielded. Both tubes have 2.5 volt heaters. G-2-S is larger and has a 1.75 ampere heater. Type G-4-S has a 1.0 ampere heater. Later Sylvania replacement type 2S/4S has a 1.35 ampere heater
2Z2 = G-84 – Half-wave rectifier diode with 2.5 volt indirectly heated cathode. A lower-voltage version of type 81. Not interchangeable with type 6Z4/84
6Z5 = 12Z5 – Full-wave rectifier, similar to types 6Z4/84 and 6X5, but with 12.6 volt center-tapped heater

Rarely used tubes

14 – Similar to 24-A but with a 14 volt, 300 milliampere heater. Used in Philco models 46 and 46E
17 – Similar to 27 but with a 14 volt, 300 milliampere heater. Used in Philco models 46 and 46E
18 – Similar to 2A5 and 42 but with a 14 volt, 300 milliampere heater. No known commercial use
29 – Wunderlich detector. Known to have been manufactured by Sylvania
52 – Dual grid power triode similar to types 46 and 49. Has 6.3 volt filament. Most commonly used in early car radios
64 – Sharp-cutoff tetrode (Except for 400 milliampere heater, similar to 36)
65 – Remote-cutoff pentode (Except for 400 milliampere heater, similar to 39)
67 – Medium-mu triode (Except for 400 milliampere heater, similar 37)
68 – Power pentode (Except for 400 milliampere heater, similar to 38)
69 – Wunderlich detector
70 – Wunderlich detector used in Mission Bell model 19 car radio. Listed in early Philco tube lists
90 – Wunderlich detector
92 – Wunderlich detector
95 – Original number of type 2A5
181 – Power triode
182-B – Similar to 482-B below
183 – Similar to 483 below
213 – Early version of type 80 – Often numbered UX-213
216 – Early version of type 81 – Often numbered as UX-216-B
482-B – Power triode with directly heated cathode. Used in Sparton AC radios, circa 1929. Replacements often numbered 182-B/482-B. Similar to type 71-A, but with higher anode voltage
483 – Power triode with directly heated cathode. Used in Sparton AC radios, circa 1929. Replacements often numbered 183/483. Similar to type 45, but with a 5.0 volt, 1.25 ampere heater
485 – Medium-mu triode with indirectly heated cathode. Used in Sparton AC radios, circa 1929. Similar to types 56 and 76, but with a 3.0 volt, 1.25 ampere heater, and lower anode voltage

List of other tubes before c. 1925

Philips (Typecode explained above):

B2 – Directly heated triode, 1.7 V/150 mA filament
B6 – Directly heated tetrode, 1.7 V/150 mA filament
D1 – Directly heated, gas-filled triode, 3.5 V/500 mA filament, used in 1920s TRF and regenerative radios
D2 – Directly heated triode, 3.5 V/500 mA filament
D3 – Directly heated triode, 3.0 V/500 mA filament
D4 – Directly heated, gas-filled triode, 3.5 V/500 mA filament
D5 – Directly heated triode, 3.5 V/500 mA filament
D6 – Directly heated tetrode, 3.5 V/500 mA filament
E – Directly heated triode, 4 V/700 mA filament, derived from the French TM tube

Marconi-Osram Valve Company:

R – Directly heated triode derived from the French TM tube and used by many amateurs in the 1920s^[269]^[270]^[1]

"Loupiote" – a TM tube

E.C.&A. Grammont and Compagnie des Lampes (1888):

TM – High-vacuum triode for amplification and detection of radio signals, developed in France and made since 1915.^[271]^[272]^[273]^[274] It became the standard receiving and amplifying tube of the Entente countries during World War I, and the first mass-produced radio tube. TM's production volume in France alone is estimated at 1.1 million units; in addition, the production of TM and/or improved versions was started in the UK (Marconi–Osram R tube), the Netherlands (Philips E tube), the United States and the Soviet Union (R-5, Russian: Р-5).^(ru)

The TM was developed in 1914–15 by the French military telecommunications service Télégraphie Militaire on the initiative of their technical director Gustave-Auguste Ferrié. He and his assistant, physicist Henri Abraham, visited the American laboratories on a number of occasions and were aware of the works of Lee de Forest, Reginald A. Fessenden and Irving Langmuir. They knew that de Forest's Audion and Henry Round's British tube were unreliable and imperfect, and Langmuir's Pliotron was too complex for mass production. They also knew about the latest German developments: Soon after the outbreak of the war, Ferrié received extensive information from a former Telefunken employee, the Frenchman Paul Pichon, who, upon return from a mission from his German employer to gather samples of the latest triodes from the US, had to surrender himself and the samples to the French. The samples Pichon brought performed poorly due to insufficient vacuum. Following the ideas of Langmuir, Ferrié required the industry to guarantee a high vacuum in series production.

In October 1914, Ferrié, Abraham and François Péri from the radiotelegraph centre in Lyon/La-Doua^(fr) went to the light bulb department of Société des Téléphones E.C.&Alexandre Grammont in Lyon to develop with them a triode suitable for mass production. The first prototypes, mere copies of de Forest's Audion, proved to be unreliable and unstable; the next ones were rejected for being too complex. Only the fourth prototype developed in December 1914, with a vertical coaxial system, an Edison screw lamp base for the filament and additional side terminals for anode and grid, was deemed suitable for series production, which started in February 1915 and stopped in October 1915 when it became clear that the vertical structure of "Abraham's Lamp" was too fragile and too many tubes were damaged during transport. Ferrié asked Péri to resolve the problem, and two days later Péri and Jacques Biguet came up with a horizontal coaxial system on the latest four-pin type "A" base. The series production of the Péri/Biguet tubes, named TM after Ferrié's service unit, began in November 1915 under Grammont's Radio Fotos brand; this variant became highly successful, and when demand started to exceed Grammont's production capacity, Compagnie des Lampes (1888) in Ivry-sur-Seine also started production under their Métal brand. Ferrié and Abraham were nominated for the 1916 Nobel Prize in Physics for their work in the field of radio communications.

The TM is a cylindrical/coaxial triode; the directly heated cathode is a filament made of pure tungsten with a diameter of 60 μm, the anode is a nickel cylinder with a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 15 mm. The dimensions and material of the grid depend on the place of production – the Grammont plant in Lyon used molybdenum wire, the CdL plant in Ivry-sur-Seine used nickel. The diameter of the grid spiral is 4 resp. 4.5 mm. The filament required 4 V and 700 mA to bring it up to white heat; the bright glow prompted Grammont in 1923 to start producing TM tubes with dark blue glass envelopes to protect the eyes of radio operators from the blinding glare, and hide the harmless, but unsightly plaque of metal particles inevitably deposited on the inner wall of the bulb while evacuating during production – but also prevented the triodes' previous, secondary use as light sources, which had earned them their nickname Loupiote ("little lamp").

The TM could be used for their intended purpose, amplifying and detecting signals in radio receivers, or as power oscillators in low-power radio transmitters, and also, by paralleling of several tubes, as AF power amplifiers. The Soviet analogue of the TM, the triode R-5, could withstand anode voltages of up to 500...800 V, and was able to deliver a power of up to 1 W in Class-C mode, but only 40 mW in Class-A mode. A typical single-TM radio receiver of World War I ran at U_a=40 V, U_g=0 V, I_a≈2 mA, g_m=400 μS, R_i=25 kΩ, μ=10. With an anode voltage of 160 V and a grid bias of -2 V, the anode current was 3...6 mA, while the reverse grid current reached 1 μA.^[275]

The problem of TM tubes was their short service life of 100 hours maximum – if the tube was manufactured in strict accordance with the specifications. In wartime, this was not always possible; due to raw materials supply problems, plants sometimes had to use substandard materials. Such tubes were marked with a cross; they differed from the standard by a higher noise level and were prone to catastrophic failures due to cracks in the glass envelope.

Media related to French triode "Loupiote" at Wikimedia Commons

List of Russian tubes

Media related to Soviet vacuum tubes at Wikimedia Commons

Media related to Soviet gas discharge tubes at Wikimedia Commons

Standard tubes, with American equivalents

Note: Typecode explained above.

5Ц3С → 5C3S – Full-wave rectifier
6Ж1Ж → 6J1J (954) – Indirectly heated Acorn-type sharp-cutoff pentode, 6.3 V heater
6К1Ж → 6K1J (956) – Indirectly heated Acorn-type remote-cutoff pentode, 6.3 V heater
6Л1П → 6L1P – Nonode for FM quadrature detection
6Н1П → 6N1P – Dual triode, similar to 6DJ8/ECC88
6Н2П → 6N2P – Dual triode, similar to 12AX7/ECC83
6Н3П → 6N3P (2C51) – Dual triode
6Н8С → 6N8S (6SN7/ECC33) – Separate cathodes, high-mu dual triode for use as a flip-flop in early Soviet computers such as Урал-1 and Урал-2, octal base^[276]
6Н9С → 6N9S (6SL7) – Dual triode
6Н13С → 6N13S (6AS7G) – Dual power triode
6Н14П → 6N14P – Dual RF/VHF triode, similar to ECC84/6CW7
6Н23П → 6N23P (6DJ8/ECC88) – Dual triode
6Н24П → 6N24P (ECC89/6FC7) – Dual RF/VHF triode for cascode amps
6П1П → 6P1P – Power pentode, similar to 6AQ5/EL90
6П3С → 6P3S – Beam power tetrode, similar to 6L6GB

6П3С-Е → 6P3S-Ye – Beam power tetrode, similar to 5881/6L6WGB

6П6С → 6P6S (6V6) – Beam power tetrode
6П14П → 6P14P (6BQ5/EL84) – Power pentode
6П45С → 6P45S – Beam power tetrode
6С1Ж → 6S1J (955) – Indirectly heated Acorn-type triode, 6.3 V heater
6С19П → 6S19P – Power triode
6С33С → 6S33S – Power triode
6С51Н, 6С52Н → 6S51N, 6S52N – Nuvistor triodes
6МН1Б → 6MN1B – Mechanotron-type^(ru) displacement sensor; a vacuum dual triode with one anode mounted on a shaft that extends through a diaphragm;^[44] cf. 5734
6МХ1Б → 6MH1B – Mechanotron-type mechano-electronic displacement sensor; a vacuum dual diode with one anode mounted on a shaft that extends through a thin, flexible metal diaphragm; shaft movement is reflected in the anode currents difference^[277]
6МХ1С → 6MH1S – Mechanotron-type displacement sensor; a vacuum dual diode with both anodes mounted on a shaft that extends through a diaphragm^[278]
6МДХ4С → 6MDH4S – Mechanotron-type pressure sensor; a vacuum dual diode with one anode mounted on a bellows chamber that expands or contracts depending on external pressure^[279]
6МУХ6П → 6MUH6P – Mechanotron-type rotation sensor; a vacuum dual diode with one anode mounted on a shaft that extends through a vacuum-tight bearing
13П1П, 13П1С → 13P1P, 13P1S – Low (26-110 V) anode voltage audio beam power tetrode, for use in vehicle equipment; cf. 28D7W

Professional tubes

Note: Typecode explained above.

В1-0.15/55 → V1-0.15/55 – 55 kV, 150 mA Half-wave rectifier
ВИ1-5/20 → VI1-5/20 – 20 kV, 5 A Half-wave pulse rectifier
Г-807 → G-807 – Shortwave transmitter tube (the Russian 807 analogue).
ГИ-7Б → GI-7B – Impulse tube
ГМ-70 → GM-70 – Modulator tube
ГС-31Б → GS-31B – UHF transmitter tube
ГУ-29 → GU-29 – VHF transmitter tube
ГУ-50 → GU-50 – VHF transmitter pentode, similar to the German LS-50 (no direct U.S. equivalent)
ГУ-78Б → GU-78B – VHF transmitter tetrode
Н-53, Н-58 → N-53, N-58 – Nuvistor triodes
Н-55 → N-55 – Nuvistor pentode
Н-59 = 6Э13Н, Н-60 = 6Э14Н → N-59 = 6E13N, N-60 = 6E14N – Nuvistor tetrodes
И3-70-0.8А → I3-70-0.8A – 800 V, 70 A Ignitron
И3-200-1.5А → I3-200-1.5A – 1.5 kV, 200 A Ignitron
16ЛМ4Г → 16LM4G – Skiatron,^[280] cf. 4AP10
ЛН22 → LN22 – Storage tube,^[281] cf. 6835, 7570, 7571
ЛФ-2 → LF-2 – Beam deflection function generator tube for use in analog computers to calculate $z = x / y / x + y$ ;^[282] cf. QK329
ЛФ-7 → LF-7 – Beam deflection function generator tube for use in analog computers^[283]
ЛФ-9П → LF-9P – Polytron, a beam deflection function generator tube for use in analog computers^[284] to integrate up to 10th order differential equations
ЛП-4 → LP-4 – Linear trochotron, 26-pin Acorn-type all-glass pigtaled^[285]
ЛП-5 → LP-5 – Binary trochotron, 26-pin Acorn-type all-glass pigtaled^[286]
ЛП-6 → LP-6 – Circular trochotron, 26-pin Acorn-type all-glass pigtaled^[287]
ОГ-3 → OG-3 – Bidirectional decade Counter Dekatron up to 20 kHz, filled with a helium/hydrogen mixture, violet glow
ОГ-4 → OG-4 – Bidirectional decade Counter Dekatron up to 2 kHz, neon-filled, orange-red glow
ОГ-5 → OG-5 – Improved ОГ-4, up to 10 kHz
ОГ-7 → OG-7 – Decade Counter Dekatron up to 50 kHz, argon-filled, blue glow
ОГ-8 → OG-8 – Unidirectional decade Counter Dekatron up to 100 kHz, argon-filled, blue glow
ОГ-9 → OG-9 – Unidirectional decade Counter Dekatron up to 2 kHz, neon-filled, orange-red glow
СГ203К → SG203K – 82 V Voltage reference
СГ204К → SG204K – 164 V Voltage reference
ТГИ1-270/12 → TGI1-270/12 – 12 kV, 270 A Hydrogen thyratron
МТХ-90 → MTH-90 – Small neon-filled thyratron for use as a latching single-dot indicator, top-viewing, top of envelope acts as a magnifier, all-glass pigtaled, comes with a blob of solder on the end of each wire for rapid installing, like today's ball grid arrays
ЭПЛ-1 → EPL-1 – Electron bombarded semiconductor tube, a tube where the anode is replaced by a semiconductor diode that is reverse-biased and when hit by the electron beam, generates a current.^[288] cf. 7610

Indicator tubes

ИН-33 → IN-33 – Neon-filled, planar, dual 105-segment linear glow-transfer bar graph display tube with three cathode strings, for use in VU meters etc.; similar to PBG16101

⚫	⚫	⚫	⚫
⚫	⚫	⚫	⚫
⚫	⚫	⚫	⚫
⚫	⚫	⚫	⚫

ИТМ2-М → ITM2-M – Four-color phosphored-thyratron latching pixel; 4x4 array of 4 subminiature dual-starter luminiscent thyratrons each for the colors red, yellow, green and blue (thus, 5 intensities per color yields 5⁴ = 625 colors), 4x4 matrix of 10-volts sensitive starter electrodes, cubic envelope for easy stacking in both axes, 12-pin all-glass pigtaled,^[289] similar to today's RGBA LEDs
ИТС1А → ITS1A – Green phosphored-thyratron latching seven-segment display, no decimal point, 5-volts sensitive starter electrodes, all-glass pigtaled, rectangular envelope for easy stacking in both axes

Compagnie des Lampes (1921, "French Mazda") and Mazda-Belvu

Not to be confused with Compagnie des Lampes (1888, see above) nor with British Mazda (see above).

The 1921 incarnation of La Compagnie des Lampes (since 1953 as Lampe Mazda) made light bulbs and electronic tubes under the French Mazda brand. Many of their tubes were also available from Compagnie Industrielle Française des Tubes Electroniques (CIFTE)^[290] under their Mazda-Belvu brand, which otherwise used mostly EIA, RETMA and Mullard–Philips tube designations.

Examples:

Before 1949:^[291]

1883 – Indirectly heated, 350 V/125 mA full-wave rectifier, 5 V/1.6 A heater
2XM400 – Directly heated, 4 kV/400 mA half-wave rectifier, 4 V/2.35 A heater
2XM600 – Directly heated, 10 kV/250 mA half-wave mercury-vapor rectifier, 2.5 V/5 A heater
4Y25 = 807 – Indirectly heated beam tetrode
RETMA tube 6H8G
RCA-800 tubes 879, 884

Since 1949 with a fire pot logo:^[292]

RMA tube 2E30
3T20 – Directly heated power triode, graphite anode
3T100 – Directly heated power triode, graphite anode
4Y50 – Indirectly heated beam tetrode
E1 – Electrometer tetrode
E2 – Dual electrometer tetrode
ST130 – 130 V Neon-filled voltage reference

Since 1953 as LAMPE MAZDA:^[293]

RMA tube 2G21
4Y100 = 7745 – Dual beam tetrode
RCA-800 tubes 829, 832
927 – Gas-filled phototube
929 – Vacuum phototube
EIA tubes 6196, 6250
E5 – Subminiature electrometer tetrode, all-glass pigtailed

Since 1959 with a Faravahar logo related to Ahura Mazda:^[294]

3T50 – Directly heated power triode, thoriated-tungsten filament, graphite anode
4Y75 – Directly heated power triode
RETMA tube 6K8
78A – Directly heated, educational diode
EIA tubes 7233, 7242, 7377, 8418
E6 – Subminiature dual electrometer tetrode, all-glass pigtailed
E7, E9 – Subminiature electrometer pentodes, all-glass pigtailed
Mullard–Philips tubes ECF202, ECL802, ED501, EF816, EL503, EY81F, EY802, GY86, GY802, PY81F
F7024A (Diode), F7024C (Triode), F7024E (Tetrode), F7024L (Pentode) – Set of 4 educational tubes
F9116 – Electrometer tetrode
K25000A1 – Directly heated, 25 kV/70 mA half-wave rectifier, 2.5 V/9 A heater

References and footnotes

Specific items

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Lankshear, Peter (July 1996). "Valve filament/heater voltages" (PDF). Electronics Australia. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Master Valve Guide" (PDF). Mullard. 1935. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Philips Miniwatt 1938" (PDF). Retrieved 31 January 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Lampes Eurpéennes - Lampes Américaines" (PDF) (in French). Tungsram. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ 6.3 Volt Valves on The National Valve Museum
^ Moebes, Rudolf (24 March 1938). "Zur Frage niederfrequenter Rundfunkstörungen bei Gleichrichterspeisung (On the question of audio frequency interference from a rectifier-based DC mains)" (PDF) (in German). Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ Data sheets of REN1814, RENS1820, REN1822, RENS1884 • Rectifierless TRF receiver circuit examples: 331gi, K33G = K133G, VE301G
^ OSRAM 80-240V 0,18A vst dUZ on lampes-et-tubes
^ Tomer, Robert B. (1960). "Getting the Most out of Vacuum Tubes" (PDF). Howard W. Sams Co., Indianapolis. LCCN 60-13843. Retrieved 10 Oct 2013. - Chapter 6 discusses heater voltages as one of the many factors leading to proliferation of tube types.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j See "Decoding type numbers" ff.
^ "Gold Bonded 1N34A Germanium Diodes data sheet" (PDF). Microsemi Corporation. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
^ "GL-2H21 Phasitron data sheet" (PDF). General Electric. September 1945. Retrieved 25 December 2016. (as JPGs) • RMA Release #486, 25 April 1946
^ ^a ^b Adler, Robert (January 1947). "A New System of Frequency Modulation" (PDF). Institute of Radio Engineers. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
^ ^a ^b Rider, John. F.; Seymour D. Uslan (1948). "FM Transmission and Reception" (PDF). John F. Rider Publisher, Inc. pp. 130–135. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
^ ^a ^b Dave Hershberger (W9GR): PHASITRON vacuum tube web page
^ "Tungar bulb data manual" (PDF). General Electric. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
^ Tube Bases and the Asbestos Hustle
^ "Eimac power grid tubes - Quick Reference Catalog 175" (PDF). Eitel McCullough. 1975. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ ^a ^b "Preferred Types of Electron Tubes 1967" (PDF). Retrieved 17 May 2013.
^ ^a ^b "European Type Designation Code System for Electronic Components" (PDF) (15 ed.). Pro-Electron, Brussels, Belgium. June 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 December 2013. Retrieved 25 December 2013.
^ "Akumed Berlin" hearing-aid eyeglasses schematic • "Ideal-Werke Omniton" hearing aid schematic
^ ^a ^b Kristalldioden- und Transistoren-Taschen-Tabelle (in German). Munich: Franzis Verlag. 1973. ISBN 978-3-7723-5440-3.
^ "Cold cathode tubes ZnnnA". Retrieved 17 May 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Tabelle der Heeres-Batterie-Spezialröhren" (PDF) (in German). Lorenz. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
^ Miniwatt Technical Data, 6th Edition; 1958; Published by the "Miniwatt" Electronics Division of Philips Electrical Industries Pty. Limited, 20 Herbert Street, Artarmon, N,S,W., Australia
^ "Miniwatt" Premium Quality and Special Purpose Tubes, Philips Electrical Industries Pty. Ltd., Australia, November 1957.
^ "Les lampes" (PDF) (in French). Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ BW604 data sheet
^ BW1010 data sheet
^ Cossor Valve Manual 1935-36
^ "Belvu tubes electroniques, Licence R.C.A" (PDF) (in French). Retrieved 25 April 2017.
^ "Vade-mecum ADZAM" (PDF) (in French). 1957. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "EEV Valve data book" (PDF). March 1966. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ FC4 on r-type.org
^ "Philips radio-artikelen 1927" (PDF) (in Dutch). Retrieved 1 May 2017.p. 15
^ ^a ^b ^c Дроздов, К. И. (1948). "Справочник по западно-европейским приёмным лампам (West-European receiving tubes)" (PDF) (in Russian). Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Georgescu, Aurel; Golea, Ion (1956). "Catalog De Tuburi Electronice" (PDF) (in Romanian). Editura Tehnikă Bukurești. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
^ "TUNGSRAM ELECTRON TUBE NUMBERING SYSTEM" (PDF). 2004. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ Die Geschichte der Russischen Roehren (History of Russian tubes, in German)
^ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕН НЫЕ ЛАМПЫ (DOMESTIC TUBES)
^ МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИЕ ЛАМПЫ (METAL TUBES)
^ ЭНЦИКЛОПЕДИЯ ЛАМПОВОЙ РАДИОАППАРАТУРЫ (Encyclopedia of tubes for radio equipment)
^ А.Л. Булыев; В.И. Галкин; В.А. Прохоренко (1982). "СПРАВОЧНИК ПО ЗЛЕКТРОВАКЧЧМНЫМ ПРИБОРАМ (HANDBOOK ON ELECTRONIC DEVICES)" (PDF) (in Russian). БЕЛАРУСЬ. pp. 10ff. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ ^a ^b Berlin, G.S. (September 1970). "Mechanotron transducers and their use in measurement techniques" (PDF). Kluwer Academic Publishers - Plenum Publishers. pp. 24–28. doi:10.1007/BF00981999. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
^ Ewert, Jürgen. "Vacuum Tube Numbering Schemes, Bases & Bulbs".
^ ^a ^b HAYASHI, Koji; JAPAN, Ibaraki. "日本の真空管名称制度 (Tube Naming System Japan)" (in Japanese).
^ ^a ^b HAYASHI, Koji; JAPAN, Ibaraki. "Gallery on Tubes/真空管展示室" (in Japanese).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "When Televisions Were Radioactive". The Atlantic. 23 September 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
^ Schematic for General Electric model F-40, a 1938 reflex radio using a 6B7.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/191/1/12AB5.pdf
^ ^a ^b "12AU7 data sheet" (PDF). STC. August 1950. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/127/1/12AV7.pdf
^ https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/127/1/12AZ7.pdf
^ https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/049/1/12BH7A.pdf
^ 12BV7, 12BY7/EL180, 12DQ7 data sheet
^ RCA: Receiving Tube Manual RC21, p.360
^ ^a ^b "History of the AA5 (All American 5ive) AM tube radio". Wa2ise. Archived from the original on 2017-04-24. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
^ RCA: Receiving Tube Manual RC30, p.397
^ 5J6 data sheet - this particular Tung-Sol datasheet contains a copy/paste error in the description where it cites 6J6's 450 mA heater current when it should read 5J6's 600 mA.
^ ^a ^b ^c Neumann U47 schematic
^ http://www.ww2australia.gov.au/japadvance/boots.html
^ "4560 Custom-built, 2" diameter, Electrostatic-Focus, Electrostatic-Deflection Monoscope Tubes For Use As Alphanumeric Character Generators data sheet" (PDF). RCA Electronic Components. May 1969. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
^ "4598 Graphechon Tube data sheet" (PDF). RCA Electronic Components. February 1971. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "7539 Graphechon Tube data sheet" (PDF). RCA Electronic Components. March 1960. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "GEC 7828 Scan conversion tube data sheet" (PDF). General Electric Corporation. 10 April 1961. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "8087 Scan-Conversion Storage Tube data sheet" (PDF). Machlett Laboratories, Inc. 16 September 1963. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "Rauland 8098 Signal Storage Tube data sheet" (PDF). Rauland Corporation. 8 January 1962. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ L. Pensak (March 1949). "The Graphechon - A picture storage tube" (PDF). RCA Research Laboratories, Princeton, NJ, USA. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ RMA Release #600, 2 September 1947
^ "5729 30 channel radial beam tube - collector type data sheet" (PDF). National Union Electric Corporation. 9 April 1951. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "5734 Mechano-electronic transducer, triode type data sheet" (PDF). R.C.A. Manufacturing Company. November 15, 1948. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "5734A Mechano-electronic transducer data sheet" (PDF). Toshiba Corp. March 14, 1964. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "5738 Commutator tube data sheet" (PDF). Federal communication laboratories, Inc., Nutley, New Jersey, USA. 6 October 1948. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "6047 Additron data sheet, RTMA Engineering Dept. Release #954" (PDF). Rogers Majestic Corp. March 20, 1951. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
^ "6090 18 channel radial beam tube - multiple anode type data sheet" (PDF). National Union Electric Corporation. January 1956. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
^ "6091 25 channel radial beam tube - multiple grid type data sheet" (PDF). National Union Electric Corporation. January 1956. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "6170 & 6324 25 channel radial beam tube - multiple grid type data sheet" (PDF). National Union Electric Corporation. December 1955. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
^ "Tube Electrometre Double Tétrode à 2 Grilles de Charge d'Espace data sheet" (PDF) (in French). Compagnie Industrielle Française des Tubes Electroniques (CIFTE). January 1968. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ ^a ^b "6218 data sheet, RTMA Engineering Dept. Release #1115" (PDF). Rogers Majestic Corp. 25 August 1952. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ ^a ^b "E80T data sheet" (PDF). Philips. 4 April 1956. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ ^a ^b Bruijsten, J.; Groendijk, H.; Mantz, M. R. (Nov–Dec 1952). "Philips Electronic Application Bulletin: Synchronization of a Variable Frequency Oscillator at Discrete, Stabilized Frequencies with the E80T" (PDF). Philips. pp. 58–64. Retrieved 31 August 2019.
^ ^a ^b Kretzmann, R. "Philips Technical Library: Pulse Delay Circuit using Deflection Tube E80T" (PDF). Philips. pp. 64–66. Retrieved 31 August 2019.
^ Richard G. Cumings (8 June 1956). "NRL Memorandum Report 606: Application of Tacitron Type RCA 6441 to Pulse Circuitry" (PDF). United States Naval Research Laboratory. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
^ "6462 Magnetic pick-up tube data sheet" (PDF). National Union Electric Corporation. 9 May 1956. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "6498 Memotron 5-inch Bright Display Cathode-Ray-Type Storage Tube data sheet" (PDF). Hughes Aircraft Company. 4 February 1955. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
^ "6499 Charge Storage Tube, single beam, barrier-grid type, non-equilibrium write, capacitance-discharge reading data sheet" (PDF). RCA Electron Tube Division. August 1956. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
^ "6571 Computer storage tube data sheet" (PDF). RCA Electron Tube Division. 21 March 1955. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "6577 Typotron, 5" character-writing CRT-type storage tube data sheet" (PDF). Hughes Aircraft Corporation. 24 November 1954. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
^ "6700 Magnetron Beam Switching Tube data sheet" (PDF). Burroughs Corporation. August 1956. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
^ "6701 Magnetron Beam Switching Tube data sheet" (PDF). Burroughs Corporation. August 1956. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
^ "6762 Wamoscope data sheet" (PDF). Sylvania Electric Products. 17 January 1957. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "CK6835 Recording storage tube data sheet" (PDF). Raytheon Company. 1 November 1959. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "CK7570 Recording storage tube data sheet" (PDF). Raytheon Company. 1 November 1959. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "CK7571 Recording storage tube data sheet" (PDF). Raytheon Company. 1 November 1959. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "6846 Binary tube data sheet" (PDF). Sylvania Electric Products. July 1956. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "7229 Cold-Cathode Trigger Tube data sheet E287B" (PDF). CBS/Hytron. 22 June 1958. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
^ "7230 Reliable Cold-Cathode Trigger Tube data sheet E287C" (PDF). CBS/Hytron. 25 August 1958. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
^ "7231 Subminiature Cold-Cathode Trigger Tube data sheet E287D" (PDF). CBS/Hytron. 22 June 1958. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
^ "7232 Reliable Subminiature Cold-Cathode Trigger Tube data sheet E287E" (PDF). CBS/Hytron. 22 June 1958. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
^ CBS/Hytron "Krytron Trigger Tubes" spec sheets E-337 (30 March 1959), E-337A-1 (20 June 1960), E-337A-2 (20 June 1960)
^ "7360 Beam Deflection Tube data sheet" (PDF). R.C.A. Manufacturing Company. March 1961. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ M. B. Knight (1960). "A new miniature beam deflection tube" (PDF). RCA Electron Tube Division. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
^ H. C. Vance K2FF (1960). "SSB Exciter Circuits Using a New Beam-Deflection Tube" (PDF). QST. Retrieved May 30, 2013.
^ "7414 Subminiature Time Totalizer data sheet" (PDF). Bendix Corporation. 14 March 1959. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "CK7572 Recording storage tube data sheet" (PDF). Raytheon Company. 15 December 1959. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "CK7575 Recording storage tube data sheet" (PDF). Raytheon Company. 15 December 1959. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "CK7702 Recording storage tube data sheet" (PDF). Raytheon Company. 15 March 1960. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "7612D – Electron bombarded semiconductor tube for high-speed analog-digital conversion" (PDF). Tektronix. Retrieved 10 July 2019. on lampes-et-tubes.info
^ "7763 Sheet Beam Tube data sheet" (PDF). General Electric. 5 March 1962. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ AC104 vademecum data
^ AL60 on radiomuseum.org, r-type.org
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m "Rundfunkröhren" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Röhren-Taschen-Tabelle (in German). Munich: Franzis Verlag. 1974. ISBN 978-3-7723-5453-3.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g This tube's designation is inconsistent with the scheme
^ DAC1 on radiomuseum.org, r-type.org
^ DAF1 on radiomuseum.org
^ DBC31 vademecum data
^ DC51 on radiomuseum.org
^ DCH1 vademecum data
^ DCH31 on radiomuseum.org
^ DF1 on radiomuseum.org, r-type.org
^ ^a ^b ^c DF31/32/33 vademecum data
^ DF51 vademecum data
^ DF650 vademecum data
^ ^a ^b ^c DFF50/51/101 vademecum data
^ DK1 vademecum data
^ ^a ^b DK22/31 vademecum data
^ ^a ^b DL2/36 vademecum data
^ ^a ^b DL22/31 vademecum data
^ DL75 vademecum data
^ DL97/3Y4 on radiomuseum.org
^ EBF1 vademecum data
^ EBF21 vademecum data
^ EBF175 vademecum data
^ EC21 vademecum data
^ EC31 vademecum data
^ EC54 vademecum data
^ EC93 vademecum data
^ EC903 on radiomuseum.org, r.org
^ ECC31 vademecum data
^ ECC804 on radiomuseum.org
^ ^a ^b E/PCF812 data sheet
^ ECH2 vademecum data
^ ECLL800 data sheet • circuit
^ EF21 vademecum data
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC30: 6EH7/EF183 Semiremote-cutoff pentode data sheet" (PDF). R.C.A. Manufacturing Company, Harrison, New Jersey, USA. p. 262. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC30: 6EJ7/EF184 Sharp-cutoff pentode data sheet" (PDF). R.C.A. Manufacturing Company, Harrison, New Jersey, USA. p. 263. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
^ EF812 on radiomuseum.org
^ EF814 on radiomuseum.org
^ EFF50 vademecum data
^ ^a ^b EL20/22 vademecum data
^ EL30 vademecum data
^ EL39 on radiomuseum.org
^ EL43 vademecum data
^ EL53 vademecum data
^ EL54 vademecum data
^ EL81 data sheet
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d PL84 data sheet
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC26: 6CW5/EL86 power pentode data sheet" (PDF). R.C.A. Manufacturing Company, Harrison, New Jersey, USA. p. 236. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
^ EL820 on radiomuseum.org
^ EM3 vademecum data
^ EM31 vademecum data
^ EM35 on radiomuseum.org
^ EM71 illustration
^ "EM84a Data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Lorenz. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
^ "EM85E on Jogis-Roehrenbude.de" (in German). Retrieved 9 April 2019.
^ EM171 on radiomuseum.org
^ Jager, J. (1953). "Data and circuits of TV receiver valves, Philips technical library Book IIIC" (PDF). Retrieved 26 Dec 2014.
^ Günther, Hanns; Richter, Ing. Heinz (1940). Fortschritte der Funktechnik (in German). 5. Stuttgart, Germany: Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, W. Keller & Co.
^ Scheel, J. E.; Urtel, Rudolf (August 1941). "Issue 21/22, Die Ablenkendstufe des Fernseh-Gemeinschaftsempfängers E1" (PDF). Die Telefunken-Röhre (in German). Telefunken. pp. 177ff. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
^ "Telefunken ES 111" (in German). Retrieved 1 January 2014.
^ "Einheits-Fernseh-Empfänger circuit diagram" (in German). Retrieved 11 September 2015.
^ EZ900 on radiomuseum.org
^ FDD20 vademecum data
^ KC50 on radiomuseum.org
^ KC51 on radiomuseum.org
^ KD50 on radiomuseum.org
^ KE50 on radiomuseum.org
^ KK1 on radiomuseum.org
^ KLL3 vademecum data
^ "RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC26: 6LN8/LCF80 Medium-mu triode - sharp-cutoff pentode data sheet" (PDF). R.C.A. Manufacturing Company, Harrison, New Jersey, USA. p. 368. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
^ "6HG8/ECF86 Color television type VHF oscillator and mixer data sheet" (PDF). Sylvania Electric Products. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
^ RCA: Receiving Tube Manual RC25, p.363
^ "RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC30: 6GJ7/ECF801 Medium-mu triode - Sharp-cutoff pentode data sheet" (PDF). R.C.A. Manufacturing Company, Harrison, New Jersey, USA. p. 286. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
^ "RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC30: 6JW8/ECF802 Medium-mu triode - Sharp-cutoff pentode data sheet" (PDF). R.C.A. Manufacturing Company, Harrison, New Jersey, USA. p. 334. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
^ "RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC30: 6DX8/ECL84 High-mu triode - sharp-cutoff pentode data sheet" (PDF). R.C.A. Manufacturing Company, Harrison, New Jersey, USA. p. 257. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
^ "RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC30: 6GV8/ECL85 High-mu triode - power pentode data sheet" (PDF). R.C.A. Manufacturing Company, Harrison, New Jersey, USA. p. 295. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
^ ^a ^b "4EH7/YF183 data sheet" (PDF). Amperex Electronic Corporation, Brooklyn, New York, NY, USA. June 1960. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
^ ^a ^b "4EJ7/YF184 data sheet" (PDF). Amperex Electronic Corporation, Brooklyn, New York, NY, USA. June 1960. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
^ RCA: Receiving Tube Manual RC26, p.394
^ "RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC30: 6GB5/EL500 power pentode data sheet" (PDF). R.C.A. Manufacturing Company, Harrison, New Jersey, USA. p. 281. Retrieved 6 October 2013.
^ "RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC30: 16AQ3/XY88 diode data sheet" (PDF). R.C.A. Manufacturing Company, Harrison, New Jersey, USA. p. 432. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
^ "MC1 Triode für Niederfrequenz und Audion data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Telefunken catalogue" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Gerhard Bogner (2002). "Funkgeschichte 144: Entwicklung des UKW-Rundfunks, Teil 6: Zeitraum 1934 -1940, Folge 6: Spezial- und Wehrmachts-Röhren, UKW-Röhren (RadioHistory 144: Developing VHF radio, part 6: Period 1934-1940, subpart 6: Special and Wehrmacht tubes, FM tubes)" (PDF) (in German). Neu-Ulm, Germany.
^ "MF2 HF-Pentode data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
^ "MF6 HF-Pentode data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
^ "ND4 UKW-Sende-Triode data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
^ "NF2 HF-Pentode data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
^ ^a ^b HAYASHI, Koji; JAPAN, Ibaraki. "戦前の日本独自の特殊管 - 日本無線が作った特殊受信管 (Japan Oriented Special Tubes before WWII - Special Receiving Tubes manifactured by Japan Radio Corp.)" (in Japanese).
^ "NF3 HF-Regelpentode data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
^ "NF4 HF-Pentode data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
^ NF6 on radiomuseum.org
^ Mark P. D. Burgess: Transistor History 2 - History of Clevite Transistor Products
^ PCF87 on radiomuseum.org, r-type.org
^ PCL88 on radiomuseum.org
^ PCL800 on radiomuseum.org, r-type.org
^ PD510 data sheet
^ ^a ^b ^c "Pocket Data Book" (PDF). Mullard. 1958. pp. 47ff. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
^ PY801 on radiomuseum.org
^ "SA100 UKW-Diode für Meßzwecke data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
^ "SA101 UKW-Diode für Meßzwecke data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
^ "SA102 UKW-Diode für Meßzwecke data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
^ "SD1A Kurzwellen-Triode data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
^ "SD3 UKW-Sende-Triode data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
^ "SF1A HF-Pentode data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
^ see sticker
^ UL46 on radiomuseum.org, r-type.org
^ UM171 vademecum data
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d 2-tube AC/DC receivers with the new 55-Volts tubes
^ RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC26, p.128
^ Wechselspannungs- und Wechselstrom-Stabilisierungsschaltungen mit der Diode YA1000. Telefunken Laborbuch (in German). IV. Ulm: AEG-Telefunken. 1967. pp. 189–195.
^ "The ZA100x series switching tubes from Philips". Retrieved 19 August 2013.
^ "ZC1050 data sheet" (PDF). Philips. February 1968. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
^ Thaens, J. G. M.; van Vlodrop, P. H. G. "Electronic Applications Vol. 27 No. 3: Running Text Display with Cold-Cathode Trigger Tubes" (PDF). Philips Elcoma Division, Central Application Laboratory, Eindhoven, The Nederlands. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
^ "Disc Seal Triodes" (PDF). Mullard. 1965. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c McNally, J.O.; Metson, G.H.; Veazie, E.A.; Holmes, M.F. (January 1957). "Electron tubes for the transatlantic cable system" (PDF). The Bell system technical journal. pp. 163ff. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
^ "1636 U-H-F Beam deflection mixer" (PDF). RCA Electron Tube Division. 3 November 1944. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ ^a ^b "368A, 368AS and 388A data sheet" (PDF). Western Electric. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
^ "4AP10 Skiatron data sheet" (PDF). RCA. 3 November 1944. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
^ Wikkenhauser, G. (1948). "The Skiatron or Dark Trace Tube and its Applications" (PDF). Scophony Ltd. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
^ http://www.tubecollectors.org/eimac/archives/450th(50).pdf
^ Valvo Taschenbuch 1962
^ Holdaway, V.L.; Van Haste, W.; Walsh, E.J. (July 1964). "Electron tubes for the SD submarine cable system" (PDF). The Bell system technical journal. pp. 1311ff. Retrieved 9 Feb 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/121/5/5BP1.pdf
^ https://www.crtsite.com/tv-crt.html
^ https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/041/5/5BP1A.pdf
^ ^a ^b ^c https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/137/7/7JP4.pdf
^ "RCA Air-Cooled Transmitting Tube Manual TT3" (PDF). R.C.A. Manufacturing Company, Harrison, New Jersey, USA. 1938. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
^ C. E. Wynn-Williams (2 May 1932). "Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: A Thyratron "Scale of Two" Automatic Counter" (PDF). A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character. Royal Society. pp. 312–324. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "CK1366 CK1367 Printer-type cathode ray tube data sheet" (PDF). Raytheon Company. 1 November 1960. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "CK1368 CK1369 Printer-type cathode ray tube data sheet" (PDF). Raytheon Company. 1 November 1960. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "CK1383 Recording storage tube data sheet" (PDF). Raytheon Company. 15 February 1963. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "CK1414 Symbolray character generating cathode ray tube data sheet" (PDF). Raytheon Company components division, industrial components operation. 15 April 1966. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "Symbolray™ application note" (PDF). Raytheon Company components division, industrial components operation. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "DDR100 Accelerometer double diode data sheet" (PDF). Mullard. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "Elesta application manual" (PDF) (in German). Elesta. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
^ "Tube relais, avec stabilisateurs incorporés" (PDF) (in French). Elesta. Retrieved 21 January 2020.
^ "Technische Mitteilungen - Neuentwicklungen im Röhrenbau application note" (PDF) (in German). Elesta. March 1958. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
^ "Technische Mitteilungen - Die Dekadenzählröhre EZ10B application note" (PDF) (in German). Elesta. February 1961. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
^ "Krytrons - Cold Cathode Switch Tubes data sheet K5500B-1" (PDF). EG&G Electro-Optics Division, Salem, Massachusetts, USA. September 1973. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
^ Wahl, Günter. "Hightech-Elektronik-Experimente" (PDF) (in German). Franzis Verlag. Retrieved 26 Dec 2014.
^ "Plasma Panel Displays - Dual Linear Bar Graph" (PDF). Vishay Dale, Columbus, Nebraska, USA. November 2000. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
^ 201-element dual linear bar graph display
^ Miller, Joseph A.; Soltes, Aaron S.; Scott, Ronald E. (February 1955). "Wide-band Analog Function Multiplier" (PDF). Electronics. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
^ Soltes, Aaron S. (April 1955). "A Wide-Band Square-Law Circuit Element, IRE Transactions - Electron Devices" (PDF). IRE. Retrieved 26 July 2019.
^ "Subminiature gas triode type RK61 data sheet" (PDF). Raytheon Company. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ "Ed Lorenz Mystery Tube". Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ George Honnest-Redlich Radio Control for Models (1950) p. 7
^ "SB256 Selective Electrostatic Storage Tube data sheet" (PDF). RCA Electron Tube Division. November 1951. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
^ Charles S. Osborne • lampes-et-tubes.info
^ TuneOn data sheet
^ TuneOn Button data sheet
^ BRIMAR (STC) Tunograph, Visual Tuning Indicator on lampes-et-tubes • Tunograph data sheet
^ "TH9503 Scripticon character generating cathode ray tube data sheet" (PDF). Compagnie Française Thomson-Houston, division tubes electroniques, Paris (France). January 1968. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
^ FM1000 on radiomuseum.org
^ Lankshear, Peter (August 1988). "The Methuselah of valves" (PDF). Electronics Australia. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c Loewe short form data listing • on lampes-et-tubes • on Mike's Electric Stuff
^ Wyse, Barry (2000). "Extracts from "The Saga of Marconi Osram Valves", part 1" (PDF). The British Vintage Wireless Society. pp. 12ff. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ R-type tube on The National Valve Museum
^ Van Bergen, Fons (2000). "About the French TM valve" (PDF). The British Vintage Wireless Society. pp. 20ff. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ Champeix, Robert. "Grande et Petite Histoire de la Lampe TM" (in French). Les Anciens de la Radio et de l'Électronique. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ TM tube; Horned tube on The National Valve Museum
^ Gerald Garratt G5CS. "Why the French R valve?". Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ Grid-anode curves for the Soviet R-5 triode, a licensed clone of the French TM triode made by La Compagnie des Lampes (1888)
^ 6N8S/6Н8С data sheet • Урал-1 • Урал-2
^ "Механотрон Типа 6МХ1Б data sheet" (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow Electric Lamp Plant (МЭЛЗ/MELZ). Retrieved 7 August 2019. • other
^ "Механотрон Типа 6МХ1С data sheet" (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow Electric Lamp Plant (МЭЛЗ/MELZ). Retrieved 7 August 2019. • on lampes-et-tubes
^ "Механотрон Типа 6МДХ4С data sheet" (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow Electric Lamp Plant (МЭЛЗ/MELZ). Retrieved 7 August 2019. • on lampes-et-tubes
^ "16ЛМ4Г data sheet" (PDF) (in Russian). Retrieved 31 August 2019. on lampes-et-tubes.info
^ "ЛН22 data sheet" (PDF) (in Russian). Retrieved 31 August 2019. on lampes-et-tubes.info
^ "ЛФ-2 data sheet" (PDF) (in Russian). Retrieved 10 July 2019. on lampes-et-tubes.info
^ "ЛФ-7 data sheet" (PDF) (in Russian). Retrieved 10 July 2019. on lampes-et-tubes.info
^ "ЭЛЕКТРОННОЛУЧЕВОЙ ПРИБОВ ЛФ-9П data sheet" (PDF) (in Russian). Retrieved 10 July 2019. on lampes-et-tubes.info
^ "Линейный Трохотрон Типа ЛП-4 data sheet" (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow Electric Lamp Plant (МЭЛЗ/MELZ). Retrieved 10 July 2019. on lampes-et-tubes.info
^ "Бинарный Трохотрон Типа ЛП-5 data sheet" (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow Electric Lamp Plant (МЭЛЗ/MELZ). Retrieved 10 July 2019. on lampes-et-tubes.info
^ "Кольцевой Трохотрон Типа ЛП-6 data sheet" (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow Electric Lamp Plant (МЭЛЗ/MELZ). Retrieved 10 July 2019.
^ "Электронно-полупроводниковая лампа ЭПЛ-1 data sheet" (PDF) (in Russian). Retrieved 10 July 2019.
^ "ИНДИКАТОР ИТМ2-М data sheet" (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow Electric Lamp Plant (МЭЛЗ/MELZ). 1944. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
^ La Compagnie des Lampes on radiomuseum.org
^ French Mazda datasheets before 1949: 18MA4 by CdL • 1883 (July 1948) by CdL, BELVU • 2XM400 (September 1947) by CdL • 2XM600 (September 1947) by CdL • 4Y25 (February 1949) by CdL, BELVU • 5Y35 (July 1948) by CdL • 6H8G (September 1947) by CdL • 879 (September 1947) by CdL • 884 (January 1949) by CdL • 8SAx by CdL • C75S (June 1947) by CdL • C95S (June 1947) by CdL
^ French Mazda datasheets 1949–53: 2E30 (November 1949) by CdL • 31MA4 (February 1950) by CdL • 3T20 (July 1949) by CdL • 3T100 (July 1949) by CdL, BELVU • 4Y50 (November 1950) by CdL, BELVU • C30S (January 1950) by CdL • C127S (January 1950) by CdL • C220MW1 (January 1950) by CdL • E1 (April 1950) by CdL • E2 (April 1950) by CdL • ST130 (September 1949) by CdL
^ French Mazda datasheets 1953–59: 2G21 (October 1953) by CdL, BELVU • 4Y100 (September 1960) by CdL, BELVU • 43MG4 (December 1954) by CdL • 43MH4 (March 1954) by CdL • 43MR4 (December 1954) by CdL • 54MS4 (June 1955) by CdL • 829 (June 1955) by CdL • 832 (June 1955) by CdL • 927 (July 1954) by CdL • 929 (June 1957) by CdL • 6196 (November 1959) by CdL • 6250 (November 1959) by CdL, BELVU • E5 (September 1960) by CdL • JA10 (September 1960) by CdL, BELVU
^ French Mazda datasheets since 1959: 3T50 (February 1966) by CdL, BELVU • 4Y75 (February 1964) by CdL, BELVU • 6K8 (June 1964) by CdL • 78A (September 1966) by CdL, BELVU • 7233 (April 1962) by CdL • 7242 (April 1965) by CdL • 7377 (April 1962) by CdL • 8418 (February 1963) by CdL, BELVU • E6 (February 1964) by CdL • E7 (June 1965) by CdL • E9 (September 1965) by CdL • ECF202 (April 1967) by CdL, BELVU • ECL802 (December 1966) by CdL, BELVU • ED501 (February 1966) by CdL • EF816 (April 1967) by CdL • EL183 (June 1959) by CdL, BELVU • EL503 (June 1966) by CdL, BELVU • EY81F (April 1967) by CdL, BELVU • EY802 (April 1967) by CdL, BELVU • F7024x (April 1967) by CdL, BELVU • F9102 (April 1965) by CdL, BELVU • F9116 (December 1965) by CdL • GY86 (June 1966) by CdL • GY802 (April 1967) by CdL • K25000A1 (June 1961) by CdL • PY81F (April 1967) by CdL, BELVU

General literature and data sheets

Frank Philipse's Tube Datasheet Archive

Mirrors in Brazil • Brazil searchable • Germany • Germany • Hong Kong • Hong Kong • Hungary • Japan searchable • Poland • Poland searchable • Romania • Romania searchable • Sweden • US • US • US

RCA Receiving Tube Manuals R10 (1932) • RC11 (1933) • RC12 (1934) • RC13 (1937) • RC14 (1942) • RC15 (1948) • RC16 (1951) • RC17 (1954) • RC18 (1956) • RC19 (1959) • RC20 (1960) • RC21 (1961) • RC22 (1963) • RC23 (1964) • RC24 (1965) • RC25 (1966) • RC26 (1968) • RC27 (1970) • RC28 (1971) • RC29 (1973) • RC30 (1975)
Scanned tube documentation (PDFs): Tubebooks • Frank Philipse • 4tubes
Sylvania Technical Manual, 1958
J. P. Hawker (ed), Radio and television servicing, Newnes, London, 1964

[1] • [2] Decoding type numbers
Decoding Valve, Transistor and CRT Numbers
Vacuum Tube Numbering Schemes, Bases & Bulbs
Type numbering systems
European tube designation systems: [3] • [4] • [5]

External links

[TubeHeaterVoltages-1] Lankshear, Peter (July 1996). "Valve filament/heater voltages" (PDF). Electronics Australia. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[Mullard_MVG_1935-2] "Master Valve Guide" (PDF). Mullard. 1935. Retrieved 12 February 2016.

[PhilipsMiniwatt1938-3] "Philips Miniwatt 1938" (PDF). Retrieved 31 January 2016.

[Tungsram_Lampes-4] "Lampes Eurpéennes - Lampes Américaines" (PDF) (in French). Tungsram. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[5] 6.3 Volt Valves on The National Valve Museum

[6] Moebes, Rudolf (24 March 1938). "Zur Frage niederfrequenter Rundfunkstörungen bei Gleichrichterspeisung (On the question of audio frequency interference from a rectifier-based DC mains)" (PDF) (in German). Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[7] Data sheets of REN1814, RENS1820, REN1822, RENS1884 • Rectifierless TRF receiver circuit examples: 331gi, K33G = K133G, VE301G

[8] OSRAM 80-240V 0,18A vst dUZ on lampes-et-tubes

[9] Tomer, Robert B. (1960). "Getting the Most out of Vacuum Tubes" (PDF). Howard W. Sams Co., Indianapolis. LCCN 60-13843. Retrieved 10 Oct 2013. - Chapter 6 discusses heater voltages as one of the many factors leading to proliferation of tube types.

[DecoderLinks-10] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j See "Decoding type numbers" ff.

[11] "Gold Bonded 1N34A Germanium Diodes data sheet" (PDF). Microsemi Corporation. Retrieved 17 May 2013.

[12] "GL-2H21 Phasitron data sheet" (PDF). General Electric. September 1945. Retrieved 25 December 2016. (as JPGs) • RMA Release #486, 25 April 1946

[Adler1947-13] Adler, Robert (January 1947). "A New System of Frequency Modulation" (PDF). Institute of Radio Engineers. Retrieved 25 December 2016.

[Rider1948-14] Rider, John. F.; Seymour D. Uslan (1948). "FM Transmission and Reception" (PDF). John F. Rider Publisher, Inc. pp. 130–135. Retrieved 25 December 2016.

[HershbergerW9GR-15] Dave Hershberger (W9GR): PHASITRON vacuum tube web page

[16] "Tungar bulb data manual" (PDF). General Electric. Retrieved 12 February 2016.

[17] Tube Bases and the Asbestos Hustle

[18] "Eimac power grid tubes - Quick Reference Catalog 175" (PDF). Eitel McCullough. 1975. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[TypeDesignationCode1967-19] "Preferred Types of Electron Tubes 1967" (PDF). Retrieved 17 May 2013.

[PE-D15-2008-20] "European Type Designation Code System for Electronic Components" (PDF) (15 ed.). Pro-Electron, Brussels, Belgium. June 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 December 2013. Retrieved 25 December 2013.

[21] "Akumed Berlin" hearing-aid eyeglasses schematic • "Ideal-Werke Omniton" hearing aid schematic

[KriTraTaTa1973-22] Kristalldioden- und Transistoren-Taschen-Tabelle (in German). Munich: Franzis Verlag. 1973. ISBN 978-3-7723-5440-3.

[23] "Cold cathode tubes ZnnnA". Retrieved 17 May 2013.

[Pressnapf-24] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Tabelle der Heeres-Batterie-Spezialröhren" (PDF) (in German). Lorenz. Retrieved 21 December 2015.

[25] Miniwatt Technical Data, 6th Edition; 1958; Published by the "Miniwatt" Electronics Division of Philips Electrical Industries Pty. Limited, 20 Herbert Street, Artarmon, N,S,W., Australia

[26] "Miniwatt" Premium Quality and Special Purpose Tubes, Philips Electrical Industries Pty. Ltd., Australia, November 1957.

[27] "Les lampes" (PDF) (in French). Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[28] BW604 data sheet

[29] BW1010 data sheet

[30] Cossor Valve Manual 1935-36

[31] "Belvu tubes electroniques, Licence R.C.A" (PDF) (in French). Retrieved 25 April 2017.

[32] "Vade-mecum ADZAM" (PDF) (in French). 1957. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[33] "EEV Valve data book" (PDF). March 1966. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[34] FC4 on r-type.org

[35] "Philips radio-artikelen 1927" (PDF) (in Dutch). Retrieved 1 May 2017.p. 15

[Дроздов1948-36] Дроздов, К. И. (1948). "Справочник по западно-европейским приёмным лампам (West-European receiving tubes)" (PDF) (in Russian). Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[Tuburi1956-37] Georgescu, Aurel; Golea, Ion (1956). "Catalog De Tuburi Electronice" (PDF) (in Romanian). Editura Tehnikă Bukurești. Retrieved 10 September 2017.

[38] "TUNGSRAM ELECTRON TUBE NUMBERING SYSTEM" (PDF). 2004. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[39] Die Geschichte der Russischen Roehren (History of Russian tubes, in German)

[40] ОТЕЧЕСТВЕН НЫЕ ЛАМПЫ (DOMESTIC TUBES)

[41] МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИЕ ЛАМПЫ (METAL TUBES)

[42] ЭНЦИКЛОПЕДИЯ ЛАМПОВОЙ РАДИОАППАРАТУРЫ (Encyclopedia of tubes for radio equipment)

[43] А.Л. Булыев; В.И. Галкин; В.А. Прохоренко (1982). "СПРАВОЧНИК ПО ЗЛЕКТРОВАКЧЧМНЫМ ПРИБОРАМ (HANDBOOK ON ELECTRONIC DEVICES)" (PDF) (in Russian). БЕЛАРУСЬ. pp. 10ff. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[Mechanotron-44] Berlin, G.S. (September 1970). "Mechanotron transducers and their use in measurement techniques" (PDF). Kluwer Academic Publishers - Plenum Publishers. pp. 24–28. doi:10.1007/BF00981999. Retrieved 1 May 2018.

[IRC-45] Ewert, Jürgen. "Vacuum Tube Numbering Schemes, Bases & Bulbs".

[日本の真空管名称制度-46] HAYASHI, Koji; JAPAN, Ibaraki. "日本の真空管名称制度 (Tube Naming System Japan)" (in Japanese).

[真空管展示室真空管展示室-47] HAYASHI, Koji; JAPAN, Ibaraki. "Gallery on Tubes/真空管展示室" (in Japanese).

[GEXray-48] "When Televisions Were Radioactive". The Atlantic. 23 September 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2019.

[49] Schematic for General Electric model F-40, a 1938 reflex radio using a 6B7.

[RCA_12AB5_12AE10_12AT7/ECC81_12AU7A/ECC82_12AX7A/ECC83_12AY7_12AZ7A_12B4A_12BH7A-50] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ https://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/191/1/12AB5.pdf

[Brimar12AU7-51] "12AU7 data sheet" (PDF). STC. August 1950. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[52] ttps://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/127/1/12AV7.pdf

[53] ttps://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/127/1/12AZ7.pdf

[54] ttps://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/049/1/12BH7A.pdf

[55] 12BV7, 12BY7/EL180, 12DQ7 data sheet

[56] RCA: Receiving Tube Manual RC21, p.360

[AA5-57] "History of the AA5 (All American 5ive) AM tube radio". Wa2ise. Archived from the original on 2017-04-24. Retrieved 2017-01-11.

[58] RCA: Receiving Tube Manual RC30, p.397

[59] 5J6 data sheet - this particular Tung-Sol datasheet contains a copy/paste error in the description where it cites 6J6's 450 mA heater current when it should read 5J6's 600 mA.

[NeumannU47-60] Neumann U47 schematic

[61] ttp://www.ww2australia.gov.au/japadvance/boots.html

[62] "4560 Custom-built, 2" diameter, Electrostatic-Focus, Electrostatic-Deflection Monoscope Tubes For Use As Alphanumeric Character Generators data sheet" (PDF). RCA Electronic Components. May 1969. Retrieved 27 September 2017.

[63] "4598 Graphechon Tube data sheet" (PDF). RCA Electronic Components. February 1971. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[64] "7539 Graphechon Tube data sheet" (PDF). RCA Electronic Components. March 1960. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[65] "GEC 7828 Scan conversion tube data sheet" (PDF). General Electric Corporation. 10 April 1961. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[66] "8087 Scan-Conversion Storage Tube data sheet" (PDF). Machlett Laboratories, Inc. 16 September 1963. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[67] "Rauland 8098 Signal Storage Tube data sheet" (PDF). Rauland Corporation. 8 January 1962. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[68] L. Pensak (March 1949). "The Graphechon - A picture storage tube" (PDF). RCA Research Laboratories, Princeton, NJ, USA. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[69] RMA Release #600, 2 September 1947

[70] "5729 30 channel radial beam tube - collector type data sheet" (PDF). National Union Electric Corporation. 9 April 1951. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[71] "5734 Mechano-electronic transducer, triode type data sheet" (PDF). R.C.A. Manufacturing Company. November 15, 1948. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[72] "5734A Mechano-electronic transducer data sheet" (PDF). Toshiba Corp. March 14, 1964. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[73] "5738 Commutator tube data sheet" (PDF). Federal communication laboratories, Inc., Nutley, New Jersey, USA. 6 October 1948. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[74] "6047 Additron data sheet, RTMA Engineering Dept. Release #954" (PDF). Rogers Majestic Corp. March 20, 1951. Retrieved 14 August 2016.

[75] "6090 18 channel radial beam tube - multiple anode type data sheet" (PDF). National Union Electric Corporation. January 1956. Retrieved 15 June 2013.

[76] "6091 25 channel radial beam tube - multiple grid type data sheet" (PDF). National Union Electric Corporation. January 1956. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[77] "6170 & 6324 25 channel radial beam tube - multiple grid type data sheet" (PDF). National Union Electric Corporation. December 1955. Retrieved 15 June 2013.

[78] "Tube Electrometre Double Tétrode à 2 Grilles de Charge d'Espace data sheet" (PDF) (in French). Compagnie Industrielle Française des Tubes Electroniques (CIFTE). January 1968. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[EIA6218-79] "6218 data sheet, RTMA Engineering Dept. Release #1115" (PDF). Rogers Majestic Corp. 25 August 1952. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[E80T-80] "E80T data sheet" (PDF). Philips. 4 April 1956. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[Bruijsten_Groendijk_Mantz-81] Bruijsten, J.; Groendijk, H.; Mantz, M. R. (Nov–Dec 1952). "Philips Electronic Application Bulletin: Synchronization of a Variable Frequency Oscillator at Discrete, Stabilized Frequencies with the E80T" (PDF). Philips. pp. 58–64. Retrieved 31 August 2019.

[Kretzmann-82] Kretzmann, R. "Philips Technical Library: Pulse Delay Circuit using Deflection Tube E80T" (PDF). Philips. pp. 64–66. Retrieved 31 August 2019.

[83] Richard G. Cumings (8 June 1956). "NRL Memorandum Report 606: Application of Tacitron Type RCA 6441 to Pulse Circuitry" (PDF). United States Naval Research Laboratory. Retrieved 19 November 2017.

[84] "6462 Magnetic pick-up tube data sheet" (PDF). National Union Electric Corporation. 9 May 1956. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[85] "6498 Memotron 5-inch Bright Display Cathode-Ray-Type Storage Tube data sheet" (PDF). Hughes Aircraft Company. 4 February 1955. Retrieved 30 September 2017.

[86] "6499 Charge Storage Tube, single beam, barrier-grid type, non-equilibrium write, capacitance-discharge reading data sheet" (PDF). RCA Electron Tube Division. August 1956. Retrieved 30 September 2017.

[87] "6571 Computer storage tube data sheet" (PDF). RCA Electron Tube Division. 21 March 1955. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[88] "6577 Typotron, 5" character-writing CRT-type storage tube data sheet" (PDF). Hughes Aircraft Corporation. 24 November 1954. Retrieved 29 August 2017.

[89] "6700 Magnetron Beam Switching Tube data sheet" (PDF). Burroughs Corporation. August 1956. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 4 March 2014.

[90] "6701 Magnetron Beam Switching Tube data sheet" (PDF). Burroughs Corporation. August 1956. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 4 March 2014.

[91] "6762 Wamoscope data sheet" (PDF). Sylvania Electric Products. 17 January 1957. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[92] "CK6835 Recording storage tube data sheet" (PDF). Raytheon Company. 1 November 1959. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[93] "CK7570 Recording storage tube data sheet" (PDF). Raytheon Company. 1 November 1959. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[94] "CK7571 Recording storage tube data sheet" (PDF). Raytheon Company. 1 November 1959. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[95] "6846 Binary tube data sheet" (PDF). Sylvania Electric Products. July 1956. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[96] "7229 Cold-Cathode Trigger Tube data sheet E287B" (PDF). CBS/Hytron. 22 June 1958. Retrieved 11 September 2017.

[97] "7230 Reliable Cold-Cathode Trigger Tube data sheet E287C" (PDF). CBS/Hytron. 25 August 1958. Retrieved 11 September 2017.

[98] "7231 Subminiature Cold-Cathode Trigger Tube data sheet E287D" (PDF). CBS/Hytron. 22 June 1958. Retrieved 11 September 2017.

[99] "7232 Reliable Subminiature Cold-Cathode Trigger Tube data sheet E287E" (PDF). CBS/Hytron. 22 June 1958. Retrieved 11 September 2017.

[100] CBS/Hytron "Krytron Trigger Tubes" spec sheets E-337 (30 March 1959), E-337A-1 (20 June 1960), E-337A-2 (20 June 1960)

[101] "7360 Beam Deflection Tube data sheet" (PDF). R.C.A. Manufacturing Company. March 1961. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[102] M. B. Knight (1960). "A new miniature beam deflection tube" (PDF). RCA Electron Tube Division. Retrieved January 22, 2017.

[103] H. C. Vance K2FF (1960). "SSB Exciter Circuits Using a New Beam-Deflection Tube" (PDF). QST. Retrieved May 30, 2013.

[104] "7414 Subminiature Time Totalizer data sheet" (PDF). Bendix Corporation. 14 March 1959. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[105] "CK7572 Recording storage tube data sheet" (PDF). Raytheon Company. 15 December 1959. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[106] "CK7575 Recording storage tube data sheet" (PDF). Raytheon Company. 15 December 1959. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[107] "CK7702 Recording storage tube data sheet" (PDF). Raytheon Company. 15 March 1960. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[108] "7612D – Electron bombarded semiconductor tube for high-speed analog-digital conversion" (PDF). Tektronix. Retrieved 10 July 2019. on lampes-et-tubes.info

[109] "7763 Sheet Beam Tube data sheet" (PDF). General Electric. 5 March 1962. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[110] AC104 vademecum data

[111] AL60 on radiomuseum.org, r-type.org

[TFKtubes-112] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m "Rundfunkröhren" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 14 January 2016.

[RöTaTa1974-113] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Röhren-Taschen-Tabelle (in German). Munich: Franzis Verlag. 1974. ISBN 978-3-7723-5453-3.

[DesigConflict-114] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g This tube's designation is inconsistent with the scheme

[115] DAC1 on radiomuseum.org, r-type.org

[116] DAF1 on radiomuseum.org

[117] DBC31 vademecum data

[118] DC51 on radiomuseum.org

[119] DCH1 vademecum data

[120] DCH31 on radiomuseum.org

[121] DF1 on radiomuseum.org, r-type.org

[Vade176-122] DF31/32/33 vademecum data

[123] DF51 vademecum data

[124] DF650 vademecum data

[Vade317-125] DFF50/51/101 vademecum data

[126] DK1 vademecum data

[Vade249-127] DK22/31 vademecum data

[Vade199-128] DL2/36 vademecum data

[Vade197-129] DL22/31 vademecum data

[130] DL75 vademecum data

[131] DL97/3Y4 on radiomuseum.org

[132] EBF1 vademecum data

[133] EBF21 vademecum data

[134] EBF175 vademecum data

[135] EC21 vademecum data

[136] EC31 vademecum data

[137] EC54 vademecum data

[138] EC93 vademecum data

[139] EC903 on radiomuseum.org, r.org

[140] ECC31 vademecum data

[141] ECC804 on radiomuseum.org

[xCF812-142] E/PCF812 data sheet

[143] ECH2 vademecum data

[144] ECLL800 data sheet • circuit

[145] EF21 vademecum data

[6EH7/EF183-146] "RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC30: 6EH7/EF183 Semiremote-cutoff pentode data sheet" (PDF). R.C.A. Manufacturing Company, Harrison, New Jersey, USA. p. 262. Retrieved 5 October 2013.

[6EJ7/EF184-147] "RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC30: 6EJ7/EF184 Sharp-cutoff pentode data sheet" (PDF). R.C.A. Manufacturing Company, Harrison, New Jersey, USA. p. 263. Retrieved 5 October 2013.

[148] EF812 on radiomuseum.org

[149] EF814 on radiomuseum.org

[150] EFF50 vademecum data

[Vade216-151] EL20/22 vademecum data

[152] EL30 vademecum data

[153] EL39 on radiomuseum.org

[154] EL43 vademecum data

[155] EL53 vademecum data

[156] EL54 vademecum data

[157] EL81 data sheet

[PL84mb-158] PL84 data sheet

[PL84rca-159] "RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC26: 6CW5/EL86 power pentode data sheet" (PDF). R.C.A. Manufacturing Company, Harrison, New Jersey, USA. p. 236. Retrieved 5 October 2013.

[160] EL820 on radiomuseum.org

[161] EM3 vademecum data

[162] EM31 vademecum data

[163] EM35 on radiomuseum.org

[164] EM71 illustration

[165] "EM84a Data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Lorenz. Retrieved 9 April 2019.

[166] "EM85E on Jogis-Roehrenbude.de" (in German). Retrieved 9 April 2019.

[167] EM171 on radiomuseum.org

[Jager1953-168] Jager, J. (1953). "Data and circuits of TV receiver valves, Philips technical library Book IIIC" (PDF). Retrieved 26 Dec 2014.

[FoFu1940-169] Günther, Hanns; Richter, Ing. Heinz (1940). Fortschritte der Funktechnik (in German). 5. Stuttgart, Germany: Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, W. Keller & Co.

[170] Scheel, J. E.; Urtel, Rudolf (August 1941). "Issue 21/22, Die Ablenkendstufe des Fernseh-Gemeinschaftsempfängers E1" (PDF). Die Telefunken-Röhre (in German). Telefunken. pp. 177ff. Retrieved 17 April 2015.

[171] "Telefunken ES 111" (in German). Retrieved 1 January 2014.

[172] "Einheits-Fernseh-Empfänger circuit diagram" (in German). Retrieved 11 September 2015.

[173] EZ900 on radiomuseum.org

[174] FDD20 vademecum data

[175] KC50 on radiomuseum.org

[176] KC51 on radiomuseum.org

[177] KD50 on radiomuseum.org

[178] KE50 on radiomuseum.org

[179] KK1 on radiomuseum.org

[180] KLL3 vademecum data

[181] "RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC26: 6LN8/LCF80 Medium-mu triode - sharp-cutoff pentode data sheet" (PDF). R.C.A. Manufacturing Company, Harrison, New Jersey, USA. p. 368. Retrieved 8 December 2013.

[182] "6HG8/ECF86 Color television type VHF oscillator and mixer data sheet" (PDF). Sylvania Electric Products. Retrieved 8 December 2013.

[183] RCA: Receiving Tube Manual RC25, p.363

[184] "RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC30: 6GJ7/ECF801 Medium-mu triode - Sharp-cutoff pentode data sheet" (PDF). R.C.A. Manufacturing Company, Harrison, New Jersey, USA. p. 286. Retrieved 8 December 2013.

[185] "RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC30: 6JW8/ECF802 Medium-mu triode - Sharp-cutoff pentode data sheet" (PDF). R.C.A. Manufacturing Company, Harrison, New Jersey, USA. p. 334. Retrieved 8 December 2013.

[186] "RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC30: 6DX8/ECL84 High-mu triode - sharp-cutoff pentode data sheet" (PDF). R.C.A. Manufacturing Company, Harrison, New Jersey, USA. p. 257. Retrieved 8 December 2013.

[187] "RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC30: 6GV8/ECL85 High-mu triode - power pentode data sheet" (PDF). R.C.A. Manufacturing Company, Harrison, New Jersey, USA. p. 295. Retrieved 8 December 2013.

[4EH7/YF183-188] "4EH7/YF183 data sheet" (PDF). Amperex Electronic Corporation, Brooklyn, New York, NY, USA. June 1960. Retrieved 5 October 2013.

[4EJ7/YF184-189] "4EJ7/YF184 data sheet" (PDF). Amperex Electronic Corporation, Brooklyn, New York, NY, USA. June 1960. Retrieved 5 October 2013.

[190] RCA: Receiving Tube Manual RC26, p.394

[191] "RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC30: 6GB5/EL500 power pentode data sheet" (PDF). R.C.A. Manufacturing Company, Harrison, New Jersey, USA. p. 281. Retrieved 6 October 2013.

[192] "RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC30: 16AQ3/XY88 diode data sheet" (PDF). R.C.A. Manufacturing Company, Harrison, New Jersey, USA. p. 432. Retrieved 8 December 2013.

[MC1-193] "MC1 Triode für Niederfrequenz und Audion data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 4 January 2014.

[TFK-Catalog_Datasheet-194] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Telefunken catalogue" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[Bogner2002-195] Gerhard Bogner (2002). "Funkgeschichte 144: Entwicklung des UKW-Rundfunks, Teil 6: Zeitraum 1934 -1940, Folge 6: Spezial- und Wehrmachts-Röhren, UKW-Röhren (RadioHistory 144: Developing VHF radio, part 6: Period 1934-1940, subpart 6: Special and Wehrmacht tubes, FM tubes)" (PDF) (in German). Neu-Ulm, Germany.

[MF2-196] "MF2 HF-Pentode data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 4 January 2014.

[MF6-197] "MF6 HF-Pentode data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 4 January 2014.

[ND4-198] "ND4 UKW-Sende-Triode data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 4 January 2014.

[NF2-199] "NF2 HF-Pentode data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 4 January 2014.

[戦前の日本独自の特殊管_-_日本無線が作った特殊受信管-200] HAYASHI, Koji; JAPAN, Ibaraki. "戦前の日本独自の特殊管 - 日本無線が作った特殊受信管 (Japan Oriented Special Tubes before WWII - Special Receiving Tubes manifactured by Japan Radio Corp.)" (in Japanese).

[NF3-201] "NF3 HF-Regelpentode data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 4 January 2014.

[NF4-202] "NF4 HF-Pentode data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 4 January 2014.

[203] NF6 on radiomuseum.org

[204] Mark P. D. Burgess: Transistor History 2 - History of Clevite Transistor Products

[205] PCF87 on radiomuseum.org, r-type.org

[206] PCL88 on radiomuseum.org

[207] PCL800 on radiomuseum.org, r-type.org

[208] PD510 data sheet

[MullardPDB-209] "Pocket Data Book" (PDF). Mullard. 1958. pp. 47ff. Retrieved 14 December 2013.

[210] PY801 on radiomuseum.org

[SA100-211] "SA100 UKW-Diode für Meßzwecke data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 4 January 2014.

[SA101-212] "SA101 UKW-Diode für Meßzwecke data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 4 January 2014.

[SA102-213] "SA102 UKW-Diode für Meßzwecke data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 4 January 2014.

[SD1A-214] "SD1A Kurzwellen-Triode data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 4 January 2014.

[SD3-215] "SD3 UKW-Sende-Triode data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 4 January 2014.

[SF1A-216] "SF1A HF-Pentode data sheet" (PDF) (in German). Telefunken. Retrieved 4 January 2014.

[217] see sticker

[218] UL46 on radiomuseum.org, r-type.org

[219] UM171 vademecum data

[55Volts-220] 2-tube AC/DC receivers with the new 55-Volts tubes

[221] RCA Receiving Tube Manual RC26, p.128

[222] Wechselspannungs- und Wechselstrom-Stabilisierungsschaltungen mit der Diode YA1000. Telefunken Laborbuch (in German). IV. Ulm: AEG-Telefunken. 1967. pp. 189–195.

[223] "The ZA100x series switching tubes from Philips". Retrieved 19 August 2013.

[224] "ZC1050 data sheet" (PDF). Philips. February 1968. Retrieved 21 December 2013.

[225] Thaens, J. G. M.; van Vlodrop, P. H. G. "Electronic Applications Vol. 27 No. 3: Running Text Display with Cold-Cathode Trigger Tubes" (PDF). Philips Elcoma Division, Central Application Laboratory, Eindhoven, The Nederlands. Retrieved 21 December 2013.

[226] "Disc Seal Triodes" (PDF). Mullard. 1965. Retrieved 12 February 2016.

[175HQ-227] McNally, J.O.; Metson, G.H.; Veazie, E.A.; Holmes, M.F. (January 1957). "Electron tubes for the transatlantic cable system" (PDF). The Bell system technical journal. pp. 163ff. Retrieved 9 February 2016.

[228] "1636 U-H-F Beam deflection mixer" (PDF). RCA Electron Tube Division. 3 November 1944. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[Doorknob388-229] "368A, 368AS and 388A data sheet" (PDF). Western Electric. Retrieved 19 January 2016.

[230] "4AP10 Skiatron data sheet" (PDF). RCA. 3 November 1944. Retrieved 6 June 2019.

[231] Wikkenhauser, G. (1948). "The Skiatron or Dark Trace Tube and its Applications" (PDF). Scophony Ltd. Retrieved 7 June 2019.

[232] ttp://www.tubecollectors.org/eimac/archives/450th(50).pdf

[233] Valvo Taschenbuch 1962

[455A-234] Holdaway, V.L.; Van Haste, W.; Walsh, E.J. (July 1964). "Electron tubes for the SD submarine cable system" (PDF). The Bell system technical journal. pp. 1311ff. Retrieved 9 Feb 2016.

[5BP-235] ttps://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/121/5/5BP1.pdf

[236] ttps://www.crtsite.com/tv-crt.html

[237] ttps://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/041/5/5BP1A.pdf

[7JP-238] ttps://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/137/7/7JP4.pdf

[239] "RCA Air-Cooled Transmitting Tube Manual TT3" (PDF). R.C.A. Manufacturing Company, Harrison, New Jersey, USA. 1938. Retrieved 17 October 2013.

[240] C. E. Wynn-Williams (2 May 1932). "Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: A Thyratron "Scale of Two" Automatic Counter" (PDF). A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character. Royal Society. pp. 312–324. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[241] "CK1366 CK1367 Printer-type cathode ray tube data sheet" (PDF). Raytheon Company. 1 November 1960. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[242] "CK1368 CK1369 Printer-type cathode ray tube data sheet" (PDF). Raytheon Company. 1 November 1960. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[243] "CK1383 Recording storage tube data sheet" (PDF). Raytheon Company. 15 February 1963. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[244] "CK1414 Symbolray character generating cathode ray tube data sheet" (PDF). Raytheon Company components division, industrial components operation. 15 April 1966. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[245] "Symbolray™ application note" (PDF). Raytheon Company components division, industrial components operation. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[246] "DDR100 Accelerometer double diode data sheet" (PDF). Mullard. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[ECT100-247] "Elesta application manual" (PDF) (in German). Elesta. Retrieved 1 May 2018.

[ESR2-248] "Tube relais, avec stabilisateurs incorporés" (PDF) (in French). Elesta. Retrieved 21 January 2020.

[EZ10-249] "Technische Mitteilungen - Neuentwicklungen im Röhrenbau application note" (PDF) (in German). Elesta. March 1958. Retrieved 1 May 2018.

[EZ10B-250] "Technische Mitteilungen - Die Dekadenzählröhre EZ10B application note" (PDF) (in German). Elesta. February 1961. Retrieved 1 May 2018.

[K5500B-1-251] "Krytrons - Cold Cathode Switch Tubes data sheet K5500B-1" (PDF). EG&G Electro-Optics Division, Salem, Massachusetts, USA. September 1973. Retrieved 11 September 2016.

[252] Wahl, Günter. "Hightech-Elektronik-Experimente" (PDF) (in German). Franzis Verlag. Retrieved 26 Dec 2014.

[253] "Plasma Panel Displays - Dual Linear Bar Graph" (PDF). Vishay Dale, Columbus, Nebraska, USA. November 2000. Retrieved 8 March 2014.

[254] 201-element dual linear bar graph display

[255] Miller, Joseph A.; Soltes, Aaron S.; Scott, Ronald E. (February 1955). "Wide-band Analog Function Multiplier" (PDF). Electronics. Retrieved 15 June 2013.

[256] Soltes, Aaron S. (April 1955). "A Wide-Band Square-Law Circuit Element, IRE Transactions - Electron Devices" (PDF). IRE. Retrieved 26 July 2019.

[257] "Subminiature gas triode type RK61 data sheet" (PDF). Raytheon Company. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[258] "Ed Lorenz Mystery Tube". Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[Honnest-Redlich-259] George Honnest-Redlich Radio Control for Models (1950) p. 7

[260] "SB256 Selective Electrostatic Storage Tube data sheet" (PDF). RCA Electron Tube Division. November 1951. Retrieved 4 November 2017.

[261] Charles S. Osborne • lampes-et-tubes.info

[262] TuneOn data sheet

[263] TuneOn Button data sheet

[264] BRIMAR (STC) Tunograph, Visual Tuning Indicator on lampes-et-tubes • Tunograph data sheet

[265] "TH9503 Scripticon character generating cathode ray tube data sheet" (PDF). Compagnie Française Thomson-Houston, division tubes electroniques, Paris (France). January 1968. Retrieved 27 September 2017.

[266] FM1000 on radiomuseum.org

[Methuselahs-267] Lankshear, Peter (August 1988). "The Methuselah of valves" (PDF). Electronics Australia. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[LoeweShortForm-268] Loewe short form data listing • on lampes-et-tubes • on Mike's Electric Stuff

[269] Wyse, Barry (2000). "Extracts from "The Saga of Marconi Osram Valves", part 1" (PDF). The British Vintage Wireless Society. pp. 12ff. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[270] R-type tube on The National Valve Museum

[271] Van Bergen, Fons (2000). "About the French TM valve" (PDF). The British Vintage Wireless Society. pp. 20ff. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[272] Champeix, Robert. "Grande et Petite Histoire de la Lampe TM" (in French). Les Anciens de la Radio et de l'Électronique. Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[273] TM tube; Horned tube on The National Valve Museum

[274] Gerald Garratt G5CS. "Why the French R valve?". Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[275] Grid-anode curves for the Soviet R-5 triode, a licensed clone of the French TM triode made by La Compagnie des Lampes (1888)

[276] 6N8S/6Н8С data sheet • Урал-1 • Урал-2

[277] "Механотрон Типа 6МХ1Б data sheet" (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow Electric Lamp Plant (МЭЛЗ/MELZ). Retrieved 7 August 2019. • other

[278] "Механотрон Типа 6МХ1С data sheet" (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow Electric Lamp Plant (МЭЛЗ/MELZ). Retrieved 7 August 2019. • on lampes-et-tubes

[279] "Механотрон Типа 6МДХ4С data sheet" (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow Electric Lamp Plant (МЭЛЗ/MELZ). Retrieved 7 August 2019. • on lampes-et-tubes

[280] "16ЛМ4Г data sheet" (PDF) (in Russian). Retrieved 31 August 2019. on lampes-et-tubes.info

[281] "ЛН22 data sheet" (PDF) (in Russian). Retrieved 31 August 2019. on lampes-et-tubes.info

[282] "ЛФ-2 data sheet" (PDF) (in Russian). Retrieved 10 July 2019. on lampes-et-tubes.info

[283] "ЛФ-7 data sheet" (PDF) (in Russian). Retrieved 10 July 2019. on lampes-et-tubes.info

[284] "ЭЛЕКТРОННОЛУЧЕВОЙ ПРИБОВ ЛФ-9П data sheet" (PDF) (in Russian). Retrieved 10 July 2019. on lampes-et-tubes.info

[285] "Линейный Трохотрон Типа ЛП-4 data sheet" (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow Electric Lamp Plant (МЭЛЗ/MELZ). Retrieved 10 July 2019. on lampes-et-tubes.info

[286] "Бинарный Трохотрон Типа ЛП-5 data sheet" (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow Electric Lamp Plant (МЭЛЗ/MELZ). Retrieved 10 July 2019. on lampes-et-tubes.info

[287] "Кольцевой Трохотрон Типа ЛП-6 data sheet" (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow Electric Lamp Plant (МЭЛЗ/MELZ). Retrieved 10 July 2019.

[288] "Электронно-полупроводниковая лампа ЭПЛ-1 data sheet" (PDF) (in Russian). Retrieved 10 July 2019.

[289] "ИНДИКАТОР ИТМ2-М data sheet" (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow Electric Lamp Plant (МЭЛЗ/MELZ). 1944. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2013.

[290] La Compagnie des Lampes on radiomuseum.org

[291] French Mazda datasheets before 1949: 18MA4 by CdL • 1883 (July 1948) by CdL, BELVU • 2XM400 (September 1947) by CdL • 2XM600 (September 1947) by CdL • 4Y25 (February 1949) by CdL, BELVU • 5Y35 (July 1948) by CdL • 6H8G (September 1947) by CdL • 879 (September 1947) by CdL • 884 (January 1949) by CdL • 8SAx by CdL • C75S (June 1947) by CdL • C95S (June 1947) by CdL

[292] French Mazda datasheets 1949–53: 2E30 (November 1949) by CdL • 31MA4 (February 1950) by CdL • 3T20 (July 1949) by CdL • 3T100 (July 1949) by CdL, BELVU • 4Y50 (November 1950) by CdL, BELVU • C30S (January 1950) by CdL • C127S (January 1950) by CdL • C220MW1 (January 1950) by CdL • E1 (April 1950) by CdL • E2 (April 1950) by CdL • ST130 (September 1949) by CdL

[293] French Mazda datasheets 1953–59: 2G21 (October 1953) by CdL, BELVU • 4Y100 (September 1960) by CdL, BELVU • 43MG4 (December 1954) by CdL • 43MH4 (March 1954) by CdL • 43MR4 (December 1954) by CdL • 54MS4 (June 1955) by CdL • 829 (June 1955) by CdL • 832 (June 1955) by CdL • 927 (July 1954) by CdL • 929 (June 1957) by CdL • 6196 (November 1959) by CdL • 6250 (November 1959) by CdL, BELVU • E5 (September 1960) by CdL • JA10 (September 1960) by CdL, BELVU

[294] French Mazda datasheets since 1959: 3T50 (February 1966) by CdL, BELVU • 4Y75 (February 1964) by CdL, BELVU • 6K8 (June 1964) by CdL • 78A (September 1966) by CdL, BELVU • 7233 (April 1962) by CdL • 7242 (April 1965) by CdL • 7377 (April 1962) by CdL • 8418 (February 1963) by CdL, BELVU • E6 (February 1964) by CdL • E7 (June 1965) by CdL • E9 (September 1965) by CdL • ECF202 (April 1967) by CdL, BELVU • ECL802 (December 1966) by CdL, BELVU • ED501 (February 1966) by CdL • EF816 (April 1967) by CdL • EL183 (June 1959) by CdL, BELVU • EL503 (June 1966) by CdL, BELVU • EY81F (April 1967) by CdL, BELVU • EY802 (April 1967) by CdL, BELVU • F7024x (April 1967) by CdL, BELVU • F9102 (April 1965) by CdL, BELVU • F9116 (December 1965) by CdL • GY86 (June 1966) by CdL • GY802 (April 1967) by CdL • K25000A1 (June 1961) by CdL • PY81F (April 1967) by CdL, BELVU

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v t e Thermionic valves
Theoretical principles	Thermionic emission Work function Hot cathode Space charge Control grid Suppressor grid Anode Glowing anode Getter
Types	Diode Audion Triode Acorn tube Nuvistor Tetrode Beam tetrode Pentode Pentagrid (Hexode, Heptode, Octode) Nonode Cathode ray tube Additron Backward-wave oscillator Beam deflection tube Charactron Compactron Eidophor Iconoscope Inductive output tube Kinescope Klystron Magic eye Magnetron Monoscope Phototube Photomultiplier Selectron tube Storage tube Sutton tube Talaria projector Traveling-wave tube Trochotron Video camera tube Williams tube Fleming valve
Numbering systems	RMA RETMA Marconi-Osram Mullard–Philips JIS Russian
Examples	List of vacuum tubes List of tube sockets

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